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FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 

PUBLICATION  223 
ZOOLOGICAL  SERIES  VOL.  XIII 


CATALOGUE  OF  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS 


BY 

CHARLES  B.  CORY 
Late  Curator  of  Zoology 

Revised  and  continued  by 

CHARLES  E.  HELLMAYR 

Associate  Curator  of  Birds 


PART  III 

PTEROPTOCHIDAE  -  CONOPOPHAGIDAE 
FORMICARIIDAE 


WILFRED  H.  OSGOOD 
Curator,  Department  of  Zoology 


v      NATURAL 
HISTORY 


CHICAGO,  U.  S.  A. 

November  20,  1924 
THE  LIBRARY  Oh 

FEB171938 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


'      I 
7, 


FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 

PUBLICATION  223 
ZOOLOGICAL  SERIES  VOL.  XIII 


CATALOGUE  OF  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS 
AND  THE  ADJACENT  ISLANDS 

IN 

FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 

INCLUDING  ALL  SPECIES  AND  SUBSPECIES  KNOWN  TO   OCCUR   IN    NORTH 
AMERICA,  MEXICO.  CENTRAL  AMERICA,  SOUTH  AMERICA,  THE  WEST 
INDIES,  AND  ISLANDS  OF  THE  CARIBBEAN  SEA,  THE  GALAPAGOS 
ARCHIPELAGO.  AND  OTHER  ISLANDS  WHICH  MAY   BE  IN- 
CLUDED ON  ACCOUNT  OF  THEIR    FAUNAL   AFFINITIES 

BY 

CHARLES  B.  CORY 
Late  Curator  of  Zoology 

Revised  and  continued  by 

CHARLES  E.  HELLMAYR 

Associate  Curator  of  Birds 


PART  III 
PTEROPTOCHIDAE  -  CONOPOPHAGIDAE  -  FORMICARIIDAE 


WILFRED  H.  OSGOOD 
Curator,  Department  of  Zoology 


CHICAGO,  U.  S.  A. 

November  20,  1924 
THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE 

FEB171938 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


530,5 


V,  \5>* 

Cop. 2-  PREFACE  TO  PART  THREE 

The  present  volume  is  one  of  a  series  with  the  same  principal  title 

projected  and  partly  produced  by  the  late  Charles  B.  Cory  under 

authorization  by  the  Director  and  Trustees  of  Field  Museum.    The 

series  was  planned  to  carry  the  same  volume  number  ( XIII)  throughout 

~~  and  the  separate  units  were  to  be  issued  as  Parts,  some  of  which  would 

X  be  divided  into  Numbers.   At  this  date,  only  Part  II,  consisting  of  two 

numbers,  has  appeared.    Part  II,  No.   i,  published  in  March  1918, 

*O  covered  eleven  families  of  birds  from  the  Bubonidae  to  the  Trochili- 

^  dae,  thus  including  the  owls,  parrots,  kingfishers,  nighthawks,  swifts, 

'r*  hummingbirds,  and  some  others.    In  December  1919,  there  followed 

^Part  II,  No.   2,  including  nine  families  from  the  Trogonidae  to  the 

Picidae,  that  is,  the  trogons,  cuckoos,  thickheads,  toucans,  jacamars, 

puffbirds  and  woodpeckers. 

While  the  preparation  of  subsequent  parts  was  in  progress,  Mr.  Cory 
was  seized  by  the  illness  which  resulted  in  his  death,  July  31,  1921. 
He  left  a  large  accumulation  of  undigested  notes  intended  for  use  in 
the  future  and  manuscript  in  nearly  finished  form  for  at  least  one  part 
of  the  series.  During  his  last  days,  under  great  handicap,  such  energy 
as  he  could  muster  was  devoted  to  this  manuscript,  and  he  never 
relinquished  the  hope  that  the  entire  work  might  be  finished.  Through 
the  generous  interest  of  Mr.  Charles  R.  Crane,  a  life-long  friend  of 
Mr.  Cory,  the  fulfillment  of  this  wish  is  now  assured.  With  the  assist- 
ance of  funds  provided  by  Mr.  Crane,  the  Museum  has  been  enabled 
to  secure  the  services  of  Dr.  C.  E.  Hellmayr  to  continue  the  work. 
His  familiarity  with  the  principal  collections  of  birds  in  Europe  and 
the  fact  that  he  has  for  many  years  devoted  especial  attention  to  the 
study  of  Neotropical  birds,  render  him  particularly  qualified  for  the 
task.  Indeed,  if  Mr.  Cory  had  been  able  to  make  personal  choice  of 
someone  to  complete  the  work,  there  is  little  doubt  that  he  would 
have  selected  Dr.  Hellmayr. 

Part  III  was  left  by  Mr.  Cory  in  an  advanced  stage  of  preparation, 
but  has  required  somewhat  more  revision  than  was  anticipated.  This 
is  because  of  the  time  that  has  elapsed  since  it  was  written,  because 
of  many  additional  specimens  received  by  Field  Museum  from  recent 
South  American  expeditions,  and  because  of  much  knowledge  which 
the  reviser  brought  to  the  work,  particularly  in  regard  to  types  and 
other  actual  specimens  personally  examined  in  Europe.  In  the  course 

iii 


of  his  previous  work  on  Neotropical  birds,  he  had  accumulated  many 
critical  and  nomenclatural  notes  and  these,  also,  have  been  brought 
to  bear  in  this  connection.  Therefore,  Part  III,  as  now  issued,  although 
based  on  the  manuscript  of  Mr.  Cory  and  conforming  in  plan  and 
style  to  Part  II,  contains  much  information  which  was  not  previously 
accessible.  In  the  course  of  incorporating  this,  the  entire  manuscript 
has  been  revised  and  verified  to  such  an  extent  that  all  responsibility 
for  details  rests  with  the  reviser.  The  seven  new  names  proposed  are 
additions  on  the  authority  of  Hellmayr. 

Part  I,  which  logically  should  form  the  beginning  of  the  series  and 
which  will  include  the  birds  of  relatively  large  size,  will  necessarily  be 
delayed  until  the  others  have  been  completed.  Part  IV,  now  in  prep- 
aration, will  follow  Part  III,  and  will  contain  the  two  large  families 
Dendrocolaptidae  and  Furnariidae,  the  so-called  Woodhewers  and 
Ovenbirds.  The  division  of  parts  into  numbers  will  be  discontinued 
so  far  as  practicable. 

In  the  present  work,  references  will  be  found  more  numerous  than 
in  the  preceding  parts,  but  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  give  com- 
plete synonymies.  In  the  case  of  Central  American  forms  included  in 
Ridgway's  great  work,  only  a  few  of  the  more  important  references 
have  been  quoted,  except  where  the  species  or  subspecies  is  one  subse- 
quently subdivided.  Particular  care  has  been  taken  in  working  out 
the  geographical  distribution  and,  except  where  otherwise  stated,  the 
ranges  as  given  are  based  on  actual  examination  of  specimens.  In  this 
respect,  the  value  of  the  work  owes  much  to  the  fact  that  the  reviser 
had  previously  in  preparation  a  monograph  of  the  families  here  dealt 
with,  for  which  he  had  been  accumulating  material  for  the  past  twenty 
years.  Trinomials  have  been  freely  used  for  geographical  representa- 
tives, no  matter  whether  complete  intergradation  has  been  proved  or 
not,  this  being  in  accordance  with  the  reviser's  convictions  as  to  the 
true  expressions  of  natural  affinities.  On  the  other  hand,  moderation 
has  marked  the  recognition  of  generic  groups  in  the  belief  that  an 
excessive  number  of  monotypic  genera  obscures  rather  than  clarifies 
classification  and  the  knowledge  it  represents.  All  references,  unless 
otherwise  stated,  have  been  verified.  Measurements  are  given  in 
millimeters. 

The  cooperation  of  other  museums,  as  formerly,  has  contributed 
largely  to  the  comprehensiveness  of  the  work;  in  fact,  it  could  scarcely 
have  been  produced  without  the  use  of  the  specimens  so  freely  and 
generously  loaned. 

Acknowledgments  are  due  for  the  loan  of  specimens  to  Mr.  Outram 
Bangs  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  Cambridge,  Mass.; 

iv 


Dr.  F.  M.  Chapman  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History, 
New  York;  Mr.  George  P.  Engelhardt  of  the  Brooklyn  Museum; 
Dr.  E.  W.  Nelson  of  the  Biological  Survey;  Dr.  C.  W.  Richmond  of 
the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  and  Mr.  W.  E.  Clyde 
Todd  of  the  Carnegie  Museum,  Pittsburgh.  For  information  con- 
cerning material  in  the  collections  under  their  care,  the  reviser  is 
indebted  to  Dr.  E.  Hartert  of  Tring,  England  and  Dr.  Alfred  Laub- 
mann,  Zoological  Museum,  Munich.  Special  thanks  are  due  to  Dr.  C. 
W.  Richmond  for  critical  examination  of  proof  sheets. 

WILFRED  H.  OSGOOD, 

Curator  of  Zoology. 


CONTENTS 

Orders,  Families  and  Genera  included  in  Part  III 
ORDER  PASSERIFORMES 


SUBORDER  MESOMYODI 
FAMILY  PTEROPTOCHIDAE 
(Tapacolas) 

Pteroptochos  Kittlitz 3 

Scelorchilus  Oberholser 5 

Rhinocrypta  Gray 7 

Teledromas  Wetmore  and  Peters  ....  8 

Liosceles  Sclater 8 

Merulaxis  Lesson 9 

Scytalopus  Could 10 

Myornis  Chapman 23 

Triptorhinus  Cabanis 24 

Acroptemis  Cabanis  and  Heine 24 

FAMILY  CONOPOPHAGIDAE 
(Gnat  Eaters) 

Conopophaga  Vieillot 25 

Corythopis  Sundevatt 34 

FAMILY  FORMICARIIDAE 

(Antbirds) 
SUBFAMILY  FORMICARIINAE 

Cymbilaimus  Gray 37 

Hypoedaleus  Cabanis  and  Heine. ...  40 

Batara  Lesson 41 

Mackenziaena  Chubb 43 

Frederickena  Chubb 45 

Taraba  Lesson 45 

Sakesphorus  Chubb 52 

Biatas  Cabanis  and  Heine 61 

Thamnophilus  Vieillot 62 

Pygiptila  Sclater no 

Megastictus  Ridgway in 

Neoctantes  Sclater in 

Clytoctantes  EUiot in 

Thamnistes  Sclater  and  Salvin 112 

Dysithamnus  Cabanis 114 

Thamnomanes  Cabanis 129 


Myrmotherula  Sclater 133 

Dichrozona  Ridgway 165 

Melanopareia  Reichenbach 166 

Myrmorchilus  Ridgway 1 70 

Herpsilochmus  Cabanis 171 

Microrhopias  Sclater 179 

Neorhopias  Hettmayr 183 

Drymophila  Swainson 194 

Terenura  Cabanis  and  Heine 201 

Psilorhamphus  Sclater 204 

Ramphocaenus  Vteittot 205 

Microbates  Sclater  and  Salvin 210 

Cercomacra  Sclater 213 

Sipia  Hettmayr 224 

Pyriglena  Cabanis 225 

Rhopornis  Richmond 232 

Myrmoborus  Cabanis  and  Heine. . .  .232 

Hypocnemis  Cabanis 239 

Hypocnemoides  Bangs  and  Penard.  .244 

Myrmochanes  Allen 247 

Gymnocichla  Sclater , .  247 

Percnostola  Cabanis  and  Heine 250 

Sclateria  Oberholser 252 

Myrmeciza  Gray 258 

Myrmoderus  Ridgway 271 

Formicarius  Boddaert 278 

Chamaeza  Vigors 290 

Pithys  Vieillot 296 

Gymnopithys  Bonaparte 298 

Rhegmatorhina  Ridgway 305 

Hylophylax  Ridgway 307 

Phlegopsis  Reichenbach 316 

Phaenostictus  Ridgway 319 


SUBFAMILY  MYRMOTHERINAE 

Myrmornis  Hermann 321 

Pittasoma  Cassin 323 

Grallaricula  Sclater 325 

Thamnocharis  Sclater 331 

Myrmothera  Vieillot 331 

Grallaria  Vieillot 333 


List  of  new  names  proposed  in  Part  III 

Scytalopus  latrans  sp.  nov 1 1 

Thamnophilus  unicolor  grandior  nom.  nov 84 

Thamnophilus  punctatus  leucogaster  nom.  nov 94 

Thamnophilus  punctatus  pelzelni  subsp.   nov 96 

Melanopareia  torquata  rufescens  subsp.  nov 167 

Sipia  genus  nov 224 

Sclatena  naevia  toddi  subsp.  nov 253 

Phaenostictus  mcleannani  pacificus  subsp.  nov 32 1 


vu 


CATALOGUE 

OF 

BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS. 

PART  III. 

Order  PASSERIFORMES. 
Suborder  MESOMYODI. 

KEY  TO  THE  AMERICAN  FAMILIES  OF  MESOMYODI.* 

A — Syrinx  tracheal  (Tracheophonae). 

a — One  pair  of  tracheo-bronchial  muscles;  tarsal  envelope  exaspidean  or  taxas- 
pidean;  metasternum  either  4-notched  or  2 -notched. 
a1 — Sternum  with  one  pair  of  posterior  notches;  nares  holorhinal. 

a* — Tarsal  envelope  exaspidean ;  intrinsic  muscles  absent;  sterno-trache- 
alis  not  attached  to  processus  vocales ;  palate  schizognathous ;  nostrils 

not  conspicuously  operculate Family  Conopophagidae. 

b* — Tarsal   envelope    taxaspidean;   intrinsic  muscles  present;   sterno- 
trachealis  attached  to  processus  vocales;  palate  aegithognathous; 

nostrils  conspicuously  operculate Family  Pteroptochidae. 

b1 — Sternum  with  two  pairs  of  posterior  notches;  nares  schizorhinal 

Family  Formicariidae. 

b — Two  pairs   of  tracheo-bronchial   muscles;   tarsal   envelope   endaspideanb; 
metasternum  2 -notched. 

b1 — Palate  schizognathous;  outer  toe  much  shorter  than  middle  toe,  the 
three  anterior  toes  joined  (fused)  for  much  less  than  the  length  of  the 
basal  phalanx Family  Furnariidae. 

c1 — Palate  aegithognathous;  outer  toe  nearly  as  long  (sometimes  quite  as 
long)  as  middle  toe,  the  three  anterior  toes  joined  (fused)  for  the  entire 

length  of  the  basal  phalanges Family  Dendrocolaptidae. 

B — Syrinx  broncho-tracheal"  (Haploophonae). 

a — Syringeal  muscles  anacromyodous;  tarsal  envelope  exaspideand;  middle  toe 

coherent  with  outer  toe  for  not  more  than  its  basal  phalanx,  and  to  the  inner 

toe  for  less  than  its  basal  phalanx. d 

a1 — Bill  acute,  cuneate,  with  tip  of  maxilla  not  uncinate;  nostrils  narrow, 
overhung  by  a  broad  corneous  operculum;  tarsal  envelope  exaspidean; 
feet  relatively  stouter Family  Oxyruncidae. 

•  Adapted  from  RIDGWAY  (Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  50,  Part  4,  1907,  p.  330) 
with  some  slight  alterations. 

b  The  tarsal  envelope,  or  acrotarsium,  extending  to  and  around  the  tarsus  from 
the  inner  side,  the  narrow  plantar  space  being  thus  external  instead  of  internal 
(the  reverse  of  exaspidean). 

0  Vocal  muscles  inserted  on  the  dorsal  end  of  the  bronchial  semirings. 

d  I  find  decided  individual  variation  in  the  extent  of  cohesion  of  the  outer  toe 
with  the  middle  and  inner  toes  in  some  forms  in  several  genera. 


b1 — Bill  not  cuneate  nor  acute  (bill  usually  more  or  less  flattened),  with  tip 
of  maxilla  more  or  less  uncinate;  nostrils  usually  rather  rounded  and 
non-operculate,  or,  if  narrow  and  operculate,  with  the  operculum  mem- 
branous (not  corneous) ;  tarsal  envelope  exaspidean  or  quasi-exaspidean, 

with  feet  relatively  weaker Family  Tyrannidae. 

b — Syringeal  muscles  catacromyodous» ;  tarsal  envelope  not  exaspidean,  or  else 
(Pipridae)  the  middle  toe  coherent  with  the  outer  toe  for  more  than  its  basal 
phalanx,  or  else  (genus  Piprites)  coherent  with  inner  toe  for  the  whole  of  its 
basal  phalanx. 
b1 — Heteromerous. b 

b2 — Tarsal  envelope  exaspidean0  (as  in  Oxyruncidae  and  probably  all 
Tyrannidae);  second  phalanx  of  middle  toe  partly  coherent  with 
outer  toe,  or  else  (genus  Piprites)  the  first  phalanx  of  middle  toe 

wholly  coherent  with  inner  toe. Family  Pipridae. 

c* — Tarsal  envelope  not  exaspidean  (either  pycnaspidean,d  holaspidean," 
or  modified  taxaspidean)  ;f  the  second  phalanx  of  middle  toe  wholly 
free  from  outer  toe  (or  else  in  genus  Phoenicircus  with  the  inner  side 

of  tarsus  feathered),  never  wholly  adherent  to  inner  toe 

Family  Cotingidae. 

c1 — Homoeomerous.s 

c2 — Bill  compressed,  with  tomia  smooth;  head  crested;  outer  primary 
abruptly  attenuated  at  the  tip ;  inner  secondaries  abnormally  broad, 

truncated Family  Rupicolidae. 

d2 — Bill  stout  and  conical  (finch-like),  with  serrated  tomia;  head  not 

crested;  outer  primary  and  inner  secondaries  normal 

Family  Phytotomidae. 

•  Vocal  muscles  inserted  in  the  ventral  end  of  the  bronchial  semirings. 
b  The  main  artery  of  thigh  femoral. 

8  (Tarsus  exaspidean).  "The  anterior  envelope  (acrotarsium)  extends  entirely 
across  the  outer  side  of  the  tarsus  and  around  the  posterior  side,  sometimes  meeting 
the  starting  point  on  the  posterior  portion  of  the  inner  side,  the  two  edges  usually 
separated  by  a  narrow  strip  or  grove  of  smooth  or  nonscutellate  membrane."  (Ridg- 
way) 

d  (Tarsus  pycnaspidean).  The  plantar  space  on  posterior  side  of  tarsus  broken 
up  into  numerous  small,  irregular  or  rounded  scutellae  or  granules. 

•  (Tarsus  holaspidean).   The  plantar  space  occupied  by  a  single  series  of  broad 
more  or  less  quadrate  or  rectangular  scutellae. 

1  (Tarsus  taxaspidean).  The  plantar  space  occupied  by  two  or  rarely  three  rows 
of  smaller,  quadrate,  or  rectangular,  or  hexagonal  scutellae. 

•  The  main  artery  of  thigh  sciatic. 


Order  PASSERIFORMES. 

Suborder  MESOMYODI. 

Family  PTEROPTOCHIDAE. 

TAPACOLAS. 

Genus  PTEROPTOCHOS  Kittlitz. 

Pteroptochos  KITTLITZ,  Mem.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  (sav.  6tr.),  i,  livr.  2, 
1830,*  p.  178  (type  by  subs,  desig.,  Gray,  1840,  Pteroptochos  megapodius 
KITTLITZ). 

Hylactes  KING,  Proc.  Comm.  Sci.  &  Corresp.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  i,  Jan.  1831, 
p.  15  (type  by  monotypy  Hylactes  tarnii  KING). 

Megalonyx  (not  of  Jefferson,  1799)  LESSON,  Centurie  Zool.,  May  1832,  p.  200 
(type  by  monotypy  Megalonyx  rufus  LESSON). 

Leptonyx  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Illustr.,  (2d  ser.),  3,  1832-33,  p.  117  (type  by  mono- 
typy Leptonyx  macropus  SWAINSON). 

*Pteroptochos  tarnii  (King).   HUET-HUET. 

Hylactes  Tarnii  KING,  Proc.  Comm.  Sci.  &  Corresp.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  i,  Jan. 
1831,  p.  15  (Island  of  Chiloe  and  Port  Otway,  Gulf  of  Penas,  s.  Chile); 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  325  (s.  Chile);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis, 
(n.  s.),  5,  1869,  p.  283  (Holt  Bay,  Messier  Channel,  s.  Chile);  SCLATER,  Ibis, 
1874,  p.  202  (descr.  and  range);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  1889, 
P-  135  (Port  Otway,  Gulf  of  Penas);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  349  (s.  Chile);  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  42  (Arauco;  Corral,  Rio  Bueno;  Puerto 
Montt;  Isl.  Chiloe);  LYNCH  ARRIBALZAGA,  Ann.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8, 
1902,  p.  163  (Lago  General  Paz,  w.  Chubut);  DABBENE,  Ann.  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires.  18,  1910,  p.  281  (Lago  Gen.  Paz);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  18,  1921, 
p.  213  (s.  Chile,  from  Concepcion  to  Holt  Bay,  Messier  Channel;  Lago  Gen. 
Paz,  w.  Chubut). 

Hylactes  tarnii  tarnii  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  No.  9,  1923,  p.  311 
(Bariloche,  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi,  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro). 

Pteroptochos  Tarnii  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  1839,  p.  70  (from  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Concepcion  (lat.  37°)  to  south  of  the  Peninsula  of  Tres  Montes, 
s.  Chile). 

»  Dr.  C.  W.  Richmond  (in  litt.)  points  out  that  livraison  2  of  volume  i  of  the 
"Mdmoires  de  l'Acad6mie  des  Sciences  de  St.  Peters bourg"  was  published  in  1830. 
Pteroptochos  Kim.iTz,  for  which  G.  R.  Gray  unfortunately  designated  P.  mega- 
podius as  genotype  in  1840,  thus  gains  priority  over  Hylactes  KING,  1831. 


4     FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Leptonyx  Tarnii  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  198,  pi.  8, 

fig.  i  (Valdivia,  s.  Chile). 
Megalonyx  ruficeps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 

7,  cl.  2,  1837,  p.  15  (Valdivia,  s.  Chile). 

Range:  Southern  Chile,  from  the  neighborhood  of  Conception  to 
Messier  Channel,  and  adjoining  portions  of  the  Argentine  provinces 
of  Chubut  and  Rio  Negro. 

15:  Chile  (Curacautin  i,  Mafil  i,  Rifiihue  2,  Rio  Nireguao  i,  Chiloe 
9);  Argentina  (Nahuel  Huapi  i). 

Pteroptochos  castaneus  Philippi  and  Landbeck.    CHESTNUT-BREASTED 

HUET-HUET. 
Pteroptochus  castaneus  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Anales  Univers.   Chile,   25, 

No.  3,  for  Sept.,  1864,  p.  408  (Hacienda  de  la  Puerta,  Prov.  Colchagua, 

c.  Chile). 
Pteroptochos  castaneus  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Archiv   Naturg.,  31,  (i),  1865, 

p.  56  (Hacienda  de  la  Puerta,  Prov.  Colchagua,  5000  ft.,  c.  Chile) ;  idem,  1.  c., 

32,  (i),  1866,  p.  121  (same  locality);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  325 

(Colchagua,  crit.). 
Hylactes  castaneus  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  2°3  (descr.;  Colchagua);  SCLATER  and 

SALVIN,  Exotic  Ornithology,  1867,  p.    58,    pi.    29    (Colchagua);   SCLATER, 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,    1890,   p.   349  (Colchagua);   ALLEN,   Bull.   Amer. 

Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  99  ("Valparaiso"?!). 
Pteroptochos  Tarnii  (not  of  KING)  BRIDGES,  P.  Z.  S.   Lond.,  9,   1841,  p.  94 

(Andes  of  Chile,  34°-35°  lat.). 
Pteroptochos  tarnii  (not  of  KING)  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  170 

("Island  of  Chiloe",  errore!). 
Range:   Central  Chile  (Prov.  Colchagua). 

*Pteroptochos  megapodius  Kittlitz.  TURCO. 

Pteroptochos  megapodius  KITTLITZ,  M6m.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Petersb.,  (sav.  etr.),  I, 
livr.  2,  1830,  p.  182,  pi.  4  (Valparaiso,  Chile);  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3, 
1839,  p.  71  (central  and  northern  Chile);  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  5,  1842, 
P-  135  (Valparaiso);  BRIDGES,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  n,  1843,  p.  in  (Valparaiso); 
CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  1921,  p.  15  (type,  from  Val- 
paraiso, in  Petrograd  Museum). 

Pteroptochus  megapodius  BIBRA,  Denkschr.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
5.  1853,  p.  129  (Chile;  habits);  CASSIN,  U.  S.  Astron.  Exp.,  2,  1855,  p.  184 
(Chile). 

Hylactes  megapodius  PELZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  1865,  p.  60  (Chile); 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  325  (Chile);  idem,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  2°3 
(descr.  and  range);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  349  (Chile);  LANE, 
Ibis,  1897,  p.  44  (Hacienda  Mansel,  near  Santiago);  SCLATER,  Bull.  Brit. 
Om.  Cl.,  7,  1897,  p.  23  (egg  descr.);  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4, 
1898,  p.  704  (La  Serena,  Coquimbo);  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  24, 
1920,  p.  143  (Valley  of  Nilahue,  Prov.  Curic6);  idem,  1.  c.,  25,  1923,  p.  179 
(Prov.  Aconcagua). 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  5 

Megalonyx  rufus  LESSON,  Centurie  Zool.,  May  1832,  p.  200,  pi.  66  ("le  sud  du 
Chile,  dans  le  pays  des  Araucans  et  des  Puelches");  LAFRESNAYE  and 
D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.f  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  1837,  p.  15  (Chile). 

Leptonyx  macropus  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Illustr.,  (?d  ser.),  3,  1832-33,  p.  117,  pi.  117 
(Chile);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  1839,  p.  197  (Valparaiso). 

Range:  Central  Chile  (from  Coquimbo  to  Curico);  southern  limit 
not  definitely  established. 

8:  Chile  (Limache  2,  La  Compafiia,  Prov.  Coquimbo  i,  Lampa  i> 
San  Jose"  de  Maipo,  Prov.  Santiago  3,  Pelequen,  Prov.  Colchagua  i)- 

Genus  SCELORCHILUS  Oberholser. 

Scelorchilus  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  40,  April  1923,  p.  327  (type  by  orig.  desig. 
Pteroptochos  rubecula  KITTLITZ). 

*Scelorchilus  rubecula  (Kittlitz).   CHUCAO. 

Pteroptochos  rubecula  KITTLITZ,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  (sav.  6tr.),  i,  livr.  2, 
1830,  p.  179,  pi.  2  (La  Concepcion,  Chile);  idem,  Denkwurdigk.  Reise,  i, 
1858,  p.  123  (Tom6,  near  Concepcion,  Chile);  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3, 
1839,  p.  73  (from  Concepcion  to  47°  lat.  south,  Chile) ;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  325  (s.  Chile);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  n, 
i9°5i  P-  33°  (Chile);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  213  (Valdivia, 
Chile);  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  1921,  p.  14  (note 
on  type  in  Petrograd  Museum). 

Megalonyx  rubecula  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  I,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7 
1837,  cl.  2,  p.  16  (Chile). 

Leptonyx  rubecula  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  m6rid.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  196  (Valdivia). 

Megalonyx  rufogularis  D'ORBIGNY,  1.  c.,  pi.  7,  fig.  3. 

Megalonyx  rufigularis  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  5,  1842,  p.  135   (Valdivia,  Chilog). 

Pteroplochus  rubecula  PELZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  1865,  p.  60 
(Chiloe) ;  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  201  (descr.  and  range);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  345  (s.  Chile);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  12,  1890,  p.  135 
(Port  Otway,  Gulf  of  Penas) ;  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  40  (Puerto  Varas,  Llanqui- 
hue;  Rio  Bueno,  Calle  Calle,  Valdivia;  Chiloe). 

Pteroptocus  rubecula  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  No.  8,  1914,  p.  325  (Lago 
Blanco  Valley,  w.  Chubut). 

Pteroptochos  rubecula  hylonympha  PETERS,*  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  8, 
March  21,  1923,  p.  45  (Bariloche,  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi,  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro; 
type  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  65,  No.  9,  1923,  p.  311  (Lake  Nahuel  Huapi). 

»  The  three  specimens,  forming  the  basis  of  this  supposed  subspecies  and  kindly 
submitted  to  me  by  Mr.  O.  Bangs,  prove  to  be  indistinguishable  from  those  obtained 
at  Valdivia  which  may  be  regarded  as  representing  typical  rubecula.  Nor  am  I 
able  to  discern  any  character  that  would  serve  to  separate  the  large  series  from 
Chiloe.— C.  E.  H. 


6     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pteroptochos  rubecula  nemorivaga  WETMORE,*  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.,  Zoo].,  21,  No.  12, 
June  16,  1923,  p.  333  (Port  Otway,  "Straits  of  Magellan"  =  Gulf  of  Penas, 
s.  Chile). 

Range:  Southern  Chile,  from  La  Conception  south  to  the  Gulf  of 
Penas,  and  western  parts  of  the  Argentine  provinces  Rio  Negro  (Lake 
Nahuel  Huapi)  and  Chubut  (Lago  Blanco). 

32:  Chile  (Curacautin,  Prov.  Malleco  6,  Mafil,  Prov.  Valdivia 
4,  Isl.  of  Chiloe  20,  Rio  Aysen  i,  Rio  Nireguao  i). 

*Scelorchilus  albicollis  albicollis  (Kittlitz).    Tococo.     (PI.  I) 

Pteroptochos  albicollis  KITTLITZ,  M6m.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  (sav.  6tr.),  i, 
livr.  2,  1830,  p.  180,  pi.  3  (Valparaiso,  Chile);  idem,  Denkwurdigk.  Reise,  i, 
1858,  p.  136  (Valparaiso;  type  taken  March  27,  1827);  DARWIN,  Zool 
Beagle,  3,  1839,  p.  72  (c.  Chile);  BRIDGES,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  u,  1843,  p.  in 
(c.  Chile);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  325  (c.  Chile);  HELLMAYR, 
Ann.  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  213  (D'Orbigny's  specimens);  CHROSTOWSKI, 
Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  I,  1921,  p.  14  (type  in  Petrograd  Museum  erroneously 
stated  to  be  from  El  Tom6,  near  Concepcion). 

Pteroptochus  albicollis  BIBRA,  Denkschr.  math.-naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  5, 
1853,  p.  129  (Chile;  habits);  CASSIN,  U.  S.  Astron.  Exp.,  2,  1855,  p.  184 
(Chile);  GERMAIN,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  1860,  p.  311  (Santiago; 
nesting);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  201  (descr.  and  range);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15, 1890,  p.  346  (part; Santiago);  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat., 
24,  1920,  p.  142  (Nilahue,  Prov.  Curic6);  idem,  1.  c.,  25,  1923,  p.  179  (Cor- 
dillera of  Aconcagua). 

Myiothera  albicollis  MEYEN,  Nov.  Act.  Acad.  Leop.  Carol.,  16,  Suppl.,  1834,  p. 
201  (Casa  Blanca,  Prov.  Valparaiso). 

Megalonyx  albicollis  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  I,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  1837,  p.  15  (Chile). 

Leptonyx  albicollis  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  196.  pi.  8, 
fig.  2  ("Concepcion,  Valdivia")-b 

Megalonyx  medius  LESSON,  L'  Institut,  2,  No.  72,  Sept.  27,  1834,  P-  3*6  (Valpar- 
aiso); idem,  Illus.  Zool.,  1835,  pi.  60  (Valparaiso). 

»  Three  topotypes  from  Port  Otway,  for  which  I  am  indebted  to  the  authorities 
of  the  National  Museum,  Washington,  differ  from  twenty-nine  other  examples  by 
their  darker,  more  rufous  brown  (about  "mummy- brown")  upper  parts,  and  deeper 
(ferruginous  rather  than  cinnamomeous)  throat  and  chest.  Only  one  specimen 
(d1  ad.  Rio  Inio,  Chiloe,  Jan.  u,  1923,  W.  H.  Osgood,  coll.  No.  3762)  approaches 
them  very  closely,  and  can  hardly  be  separated  by  the  slightly  less  rufous  edges  to 
the  rectrices.  On  the  other  hand,  a  9  ad.  from  the  Rio  Aysen  (not  very  far  from 
Port  Otway),  which  we  should  have  expected  to  belong  to  nemorivaga,  is  much  paler 
throughout,  and  like  another  from  the  Rio  Nireguao,  just  across  the  Andes,  abso- 
lutely indistinguishable  from  Valdivia  specimens.  Certain  peculiarities,  especially 
the  pale  color  of  the  feet,  strongly  suggest  that  the  Port  Otway  examples  were 
originally  preserved  in  alcohol,  which  would  also  account  for  the  darker  rufescent 
tinge  of  their  plumage.  Fresh  material  from  the  type  locality  is  required  to  defin- 
itely settle  the  status  of  nemorivaga,  though  it  seems  extremely  unlikely  that  a 
distinct  race  exists  on  the  Peninsula  des  Tres  Montes.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Localities  no  doubt  erroneous.  D'Orbigny  did  not  himself  meet  with  the 
species,  but  obtained  his  specimens  from  one  M.  Fontaine  of  Valdivia. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  7 

Range:  Central  Chile,  from  Santiago  and  Valparaiso  south  as  far 
as  Curic6.a 

8:  Chile  (Olmue,  Prov.  Valparaiso  5,  Lampa  2,  San  Jose"  de 
Maipo,  Prov.  Santiago  i). 

*Scelorchilus  albicollis  atacamae  Hellmayr.*  NORTHERN  Tococo.  (PI.  I) 
See lorchilus  albicollis  atacamae  HELLMAYR,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Zool.  Ser., 

12,  1924,  p.  71  (Caldera,  Prov.  Atacama). 

Pteroptochus  albicollis  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  PHILIPPI,  Reise  Wiiste  Atacaraa,  1860, 
p.  162  (Quebrada  de  la  Encantada,  Prov.  Atacama);  SHARPE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1881,  p.  8  (Coquimbo);  PHILIPPI,  Orais,  4,  1888,  p.  159  (Quebrada  de  la 
Encantada) ;  SCLATER,  Cat. B.Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p-346  (part;  Coquimbo); 
SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  1898,  p.  705  (Totoralillo,  Bay  of  Coquimbo). 
Pteroptochos  albicollis  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  425  (Coquimbo). 
Range:    Northern  Chile,  in  Prov.    Atacama    (Caldera,    Quebrada 
Leon,  Quebrada  de  la  Encantada)  and  Coquimbo. 

4:  Chile  (Caldera  i,  Quebrada  Leon  2,  La  Compania,  Prov. 
Coquimbo  i). 

Genus  RHINOCRYPTA  Gray. 

Rhinomya  (not  of  ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY,  1830)  Is.  GEOFFROY-SAINT  HILAIRE, 
Mag.  Zool.,  2,  1832,  cl.  2,  text  to  pi.  3  (type  Rhinomya  lanceolata  Is.  GEOFFR.- 
ST.  HILAIRE). 

Rhinocrypta  GRAY,  List  Gen.  Birds,  1841,  p.  25  (same  type). 

Rhinornis  GISTEL,  Naturg.  Thierr.  fiir  hohere  Schulen,  1848,  p.  x  (same  type). 

*Rhinocrypta  lanceolata  (Is.  Geoffroy-Saint  Hilairi).  GRAY  GALLITO. 
Rhinomya  lanceolata  ("Is.  Geoffr.  et  d'Orb.")  Is.  GEOFFROY-SAINT  HILAIRE, 
Mag.  Zool.,  2,  1832,  cl.  2,  pi.  3  ("en  Patagonie,  sur  les  bords  du  Rio  Negro"); 
LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  1837,  cl.  2,  p.  15 
(Patagonia);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  194,  pi.  7, 
fig.  i  (Rio  Negro,  Patagonia);  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  1839,  p.  70  (Rio 
Negro). 

Rhinocrypta  lanceolata  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  8,  1860,  p.  251    (Mendoza, 
San  Juan,  Catamarca,  San  Luis);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  198  (descr.    and 
range);  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  614  (Fuerte  de  Andalgala,   Cata- 
marca); SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Argent.  Ornith.,  i,  1888,  p.  206;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  347  (Rio  Negro,  Mendoza,  Cosquin,  Cata- 
•  There  is  no  reliable  record  of  its  occurrence  in  Argentina.    Burmeister  (Jour. 
Ornith  ,   8,    1860,   p.    251),  on  whose  authority  the  species  is  included  by  Sclater, 
Dabbene  and  others  in  the  Argentine  fauna,  did  not  secure  specimens,  but  merely 
believes  having;  seen  it  in  the  reeds  around  Mendoza! 

b  Scelorchilus  albicollis  atacamae  HELLMAYR:  Differs  strikingly  from  S.  a.  albi- 
collis by  shorter  tail,  much  more  slender  bill,  and  much  paler  coloration  throughout; 
the  back  being  light  brownish  gray,  instead  of  warm  rufescent  brown,  with  the  bar- 
ring cf  the  rump  buffy  whitish  rather  than  ochraceous  buff;  the  rufous  of  the  head 
much  paler  and  restricted  to  the  anterior  portion  of  the  crown;  the  cinnamon- 
rufous  of  rectrices,  upper  tail  coverts,  lesser  wing  and  primary  coverts,  and  outer 
web  of  remiges  lighter;  the  greater  upper  wing  coverts  mostly  brownish  gray,  only 
the  outer  ones  narrowly  edged  with  pale  cinnamomeous;  the  under  parts  more 
whitish;  the  flanks  paler  buff.  Wing  ( 9  ad.)  74;  tail  68;  bill  19. — C.  E.  H. 


8     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

marca);  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  1895,  P-  282  (Chilecito,  La 
Rioja);  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  8,  1902,  p.  193  (Tapia,  Tucu- 
man);  idem,  Revista  letr.  y  cienc.  soc.  Tucuman,  3,  1905,  p.  55  (Tapia); 
M£N£GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  u,  1905,  p.  380  (Patagonia); 
HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  1909,  p.  221  (Prov.  Santiago  [del 
Estero],  Mendoza);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  1910,  p.  281 
(w.  Argentina);  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  1918,  p.  150  (Rodriguez  Pena, 
Prov.  Mendoza);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  212  (Patagonia;  range); 
GIACOMELLI,  El  Hornero,  3,  1923,  p.  73  (Rioja);  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  65,  No.  9,  1923,  p.  310  (Rio  Colorado,  Rio  Negro). 

Range:  Western  Argentina,  from  Tucuman  and  Catamarca  south 
to  Neuquen  and  the  Rio  Negro,  northern  Patagonia. 

2:  Argentina  (Tucuman  2). 

Genus  TELEDROMAS  Wetmore  and  Peters. 

Teledromas  WETMORE  and  PETERS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  Mar.  20,  1922, 
p.  41  (type  Rhinocrypta  fusca  SCLATER  and  SALVIN). 

Teledromas  fuscus  (Sclater  and  Salvin).   BROWN  GALLITO. 

Rhinocrypta  fusca  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  1873,  p.  161 
(Mendoza);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  198  (Mendoza);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON, 
Argent.  Ornith.,  i,  1888,  p.  207  (Mendoza);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  348  (Mendoza);  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  1909, 
p.  221  (San  Juan;  Cachi,  Prov.  Salta);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires, 
18,  1910,  p.  281  (San  Juan,  Mendoza);  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  1918,  p.  150 
(Precordillera  of  Mendoza);  C.  REED,  El  Hornero,  i,  1919,  p.  269  (Agua  de 
la  Chilca,  Sierra  de  Mendoza;  nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Rhinocrypta  fulva  LANDBECK,  Anal.  Univ.  Chile,  41,  No.  3,  March  1872,  p.  120* 
(Mendoza;  nom.  nudum);  LEYBOLD,  Escursion  a  las  Pampas  Arjentinas, 
Santiago,  1873,  p.  5*  (nom.  nud.);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1874,  pi-  8. 
Teledromas  fuscus  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  No.  9,  1923,  p.  311 

(San  Antonio,  Gulf  of  San  Matias). 

Range:  Western  and  southern  Argentina  (Cachi,  Prov.  Salta; 
San  Juan;  Mendoza;  Terr,  del  Neuquen ;&  San  Antonio,  Gulf  of  San 
Matias,  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro). 

Genus  LIOSCELES  Sclater. 

Liosceks  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  610  (type  by  monotypy  Pteroptochus 
thoracicus  SCLATER). 

*Liosceles  thoracicus  thoracicus  (Sclater).   RED-BELTED  BABBLER. 
Pteroptochus  thoracicus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  609,  pi.  38  (Salto  do 
Girao,  on  left  bank  of  Rio  Madeira);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  46 
(Salto  do  Girao  and  Borba,  Rio  Madeira). 

•  For  verifying  the  above  references  we  are  indebted  to  Dr.  C.  W.  Richmond. 

b  Specimens  from  Limay  in  the  collection  of  the  Munich  Museum  were  found 
to  agree  with  a  topotype  from  Mendoza.  The  species  obviously  deserves  generic 
separation,  being  quite  distinct  in  structural  characters  from  Rhinocrypta. — C.  E.  H. 


1924-  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  9 

Liosceles  thoracicus  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  200;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  344;  GOKLDI,  Alb.  Av.  Amazon.,  1902,  pi.  19,  fig.  6. 

Liosceles  thoracicus  thoracicus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  372  (Allianca 
and  Calama,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  Verb.  Orn.  Gesell.  Bayern,  12,  No.  2, 
Feb.  1915,  p.  124  (Yahuarmayo,  se.  Peru);  idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85, 
Abt.  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  115  (Yahuarmayo,  se.  Peru). 

Range:  West  central  Brazil  (banks  of  the  Rio  Madeira);  eastern 
Peru  (Yahuarmayo,  north  side  of  Sierra  of  Carabaya;  Puerto  Ber- 
mudez,  Ucayali  drainage). 

i:   Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez). 

Liosceles  thoracicus  erithacus  Sclater.    WESTERN  BELTED  BABBLER. 

Liosceles  erithacus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  344  (Sarayacu, 
eastern  Ecuador). 

Liosceles  thoracicus  erithacus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  372,  in  text 
(e.  Ecuador). 

Range :  Eastern  Ecuador. 


Genus  MERULAXIS  Lesson. 

Merulaxis  LESSON,  Traitfi  d'Orn.,  livr.  5,  end  of  1830,  p.  397  (type  Merulaxis 
ater  LESSON). 

Sarochalinus  CABANIS,  Arch.   Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  220  (type  Merulaxis 
rutilus  LESSON). 

Merulaxis  ater  Lesson.    KNOB-CRESTED  BABBLER. 

Merulaxis  ater  LESSON,  Traitfi  d'Orn.,  livr.  5,  end  of  1830",  p.  397  ("Mexique," 

errore;  we  substitute  Rio  de  Janeiro;  descr.   o71);  idem,  Cent.  Zool.,  1831, 

p.  88,  pi.  30  ("Mexique"). 
Merulaxis  rutilus  LESSON,  Trait6  d'Orn.,  livr.  5,  end  of  1830,  p.  397   (descr.  of 

9,  the  type  in  the  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.,  is  from  Rio  de- 
Janeiro). 
Myiothera  rhynolopha  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,*  p.  1051  ("Am 

Flusse  Belmonte,"  southern  Bahia;  descr.   9). 
Merulaxis  rhinolophus  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Am.  B.,  1862,  p.  169;  idem,  Ibis, 

1874,  p.  197  (descr.,  range);   idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  343; 

GOELDI,  Alb.  Av.  Amazon.,  1902,  pi.  19,  fig.  9;  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat. 

Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  192  (Yporanga,  Alto  da  Serra,  Sao  Sebastiao,  Uba- 

tuba,  Sao  Paulo). 
Merulaxis  rhynolophus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  a,  1889,  p.  257  (Rio 

Belmonte;  Wied's  type). 
Merulaxis  rhynolopha  M^N^GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  xi,  1905, 

p.  380  (crit.). 

•  See  footnote  a,  on  page  34. 


io    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 


Malacorhynchus  cristatellus  MlfofcTRiES,  Mem.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  (6th  ser.), 
3,  Part  2,  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  523,  pi.  12  (Serra  d'Estrella,  near  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  Brazil;  one  of  the  typical  specimens  examined  in  Paris  Museum  by 
C.  E.  H.);  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  1921,  p.  25  (type 
from  Serra  d'Estrella  in  Petrograd  Museum). 

Platyurus  corniculatus  SWAINSON,  Ornith.  Drawings,  Part  5,  1840  (?),  pi.  55 
(c?),  56(9). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  southern  Bahia  (Rio  Bel- 
monte)  to  Sao  Paulo. 

Genus  SCYTALOPUS  Gould. 

Scytalopus  GOULD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  4,  "1836,"  publ.  Feb.  1837,  p.  89  (type  by 

subs,  desig.,  Gray  1840,  Scy  talopus  fuscus  GOULD). 
Agathopus    SCLATER,    P.    Z.    S.    Lond.,    26,    1858,    p.    69    (type    Agathopus 

micropterus  SCLATER). 

*Scytalopus  fuscus  Gould.*  DUSKY  BABBLER. 

Scytalopus  fuscus  GouLD,bP.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  4,  "1836,"  publ.  Feb.  1837,  P-  89  (part, 
Chile;  type  apparently  lost);  JARDINE  and  SELBY,  Illust.  Ornith.,  (n. 
s.),  4,  1838,  pi.  19  (part;  left  figure);  JARDINE,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  4, 
1851,  p.  116,  pi.  77  (part;  left  figure);  BRIDGES,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  9,  1841,  p.  94 
("in  various  parts  of  Chile");  CASSIN  in  Gilliss,  U.  S.  Astron.  Exped.,  a,  1855, 
p.  1  88,  pi.  21,  fig.  2  (Santiago,  Chile);  GERMAIN,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  N.  H., 
7,  1860,  p.  310  (Santiago,  Chile;  nesting  habits). 

Platyurus  niger  SWAINSON,  Anim.  in  Menag.,  Jan.  1838,  p.  323  (Chile);  JAC- 
QUINOT  and  PUCHERAN,  Voyage  au  Pole  Sud,  Zool.,  3,  1853,  p.  91,  pi.  19, 
fig.  i  ("Megalonyx  negre"  on  plate)  (Talcahuano,  Chile;  spec,  in  Paris 
Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

»  Scytalopus  fuscus  GOULD  is  apparently  the  Chilean  representative  of  the  uni- 
form slaty  blackish  species  of  wide  distribution  in  the  Andes  from  Peru  to  Colombia 
and  western  Venezuela,  which  had  been  confused  by  the  earlier  ornithologists  with 
5.  tnagellanicus  and  more  recently  identified  —  erroneously,  we  now  believe  —  with 
S.  niger  of  SWAINSON.  While  variable  in  shape  of  bill,  it  may  be  distinguished  from 
the  northern  bird  by  shorter  wings,  less  elongated  latero-  frontal  feathers,  generally 
lighter,  more  sooty  gray  coloration,  passing  into  silky  blackish  on  forehead  and 
crown,  and  by  the  narrow,  dusky  and  buff  barring  on  rump,  flanks,  and  under  tail 
coverts.  Besides,  it  has  a  different  juvenile  plumage.  Wing  (6  cf  o*  ad.)  51-53,  tail 
39X-42'.  tars.  18-19;  bill  12-13^. 

Although  authors  admitted  two  species  (5.  fuscoides  and  5.  "niger")  as  occurring 
in  the  central  provinces  of  Chile,  four  adult  males  recently  collected  at  or  near  Val- 
paraiso, tend  to  show  that  the  alleged  specific  differences  are  merely  the  extremes 
of  individual  variation.  The  case  will  be  more  fully  explained  in  another  con- 
nection.— C.  E.  H. 

b  From  the  colored  figures  of  the  original  examples  published  by  Jardine  and 
Selby,  and  later  reproduced  by  the  first-named  author,  it  is  evident  that  Gould, 
under  the  name  5.  fuscus,  had  confused  two  different  species,  the  brownish  bird 
with  silvery  edges  to  the  forehead  ("capitis  plutnis  nonnunquam  argentato-griseis") 
being  no  doubt  referable  to  S.  magellanicus;  while  the  uniform  slaty  blackish  speci- 
men which  obviously  formed  the  principal  basis  of  Gould's  description  ("S.  corpore 
toto  fuliginoso-nigro")  is  an  unmistakable  representation  of  the  dark  extreme  of  the 
c.  Chilean  bird.  I  do  not  see  how  we  can  avoid  using  the  specific  name  fuscus  in  place 
of  Swainson's  later  term.  —  C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  n 

Conirostrum  fuliginosum  LESSON,  Echo  du  Monde  Sav.,  n   (2),  1844,  P-  3° 

(Chile). 
Merulaxis  fuscoides  LAFRESNAYE,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  4,  Part  4,  Oct.  1851,  p.  149 

(Chile;  type  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Cambridge  examined). 

Scytalopus  fuscoides  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  325  (Prov.  Santiago;  crit.). 
Scytalopus  obscurus  (not  of  KING)*  DBS  MURS  in  Gay,  Hist.  fis.  pol.  Chile,  Zool., 

i,    1847,    p.    308    (Chile);    SCLATER,    Ibis,    1874,  P-   *94  (central  Chile); 

idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  340  (Santiago,  Chile). 
Scytalopus  niger  MENEGAUX  &  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  u,  1905,  p.  379 

(part;  Talcahuano,  Chile;  crit.);    CHAPMAN,  Auk,  33,  1915,  p.  411    (part; 

Valparaiso,  Chile;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist. 

Nat.,  24,  1920,  p.  142  (Nilahue,  Prov.  Curic6). 
Scytalopus  magellanicus  (aot  of  GMELIN)  BRIDGES,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  n,    1843, 

p.  in  ("in  various  parts  of  Chile") ;  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  *93  (part;  Chile); 

idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  338  (part;  Santiago,  Colchagua,  Chile). 

Range :  Central  Chile,  from  Province  of  Maule  to  Tofo  (sixty  miles 
north  of  Coquimbo)b. 

3:   Chile  (Olmue,  Prov.  Valparaiso  2,  Pilen  Alto,  Prov.  Maule  i). 

*Scytalopus  latrans  Hellmayr,  sp.  nov.c  BLACK  BABBLER. 

Scytalopus  magellanicus  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  J93  (part; 
Ecuador);  SCLATER  &  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  528  (Santa  Elena,d 
Colombia;  nest  and  eggs  descr.);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  202 
(Cutervo,d  n.  Peru);  BERLEPSCH  &  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1884,  p.  303  (part; 
Cechce,d  w.  Ecuador);  1885,  p.  102  (part;  Banos,d  Ecuador);  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  P6r.,  i,  1884,  p.  529  (Cutervo,  n.  Peru);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15, 1890,  p.  338  (part ;  Cutervo,  Peru;  Quito,  Ecuador;  Santa  Elena,  Medellin, 
"Bogotd,"  Colombia);  BERLEPSCH  &  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
p.  388  (Pariayacu,d  Junin);  SALVADORI  &  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14, 

»  Sylvia  obscura  KING  (Zool.  Journ.,  3,  No.  n,  1828,  p.  429:  Port  Famine,  Straits 
of  Magellan),  in  spite  of  its  somewhat  dubious  description,  cannot  possibly  refer  to 
5.  fuscus  whose  southward  range  does  not  seem  to  extend  beyond  the  Province  of 
Maule.— C.  E.  H. 

b  A  single  (apparently  immature)  specimen,  obtained  by  R.  Barros  V.  at  Rio 
de  Castro,  prov.  Aconcagua,  in  the  American  Museum  of  Nat.  Hist.,  I  cannot  sat- 
isfactorily identify  with  any  known  species.  It  was  recorded  s.  n.  S.  niger  by  the 
collector  in  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  25,  1923,  p.  179.  In  the  collection  of  the  Berlin 
Museum  I  have  examined  a  specimen  of  what  may  prove  to  be  a  new  species  allied 
to  5.  fuscus.  It  is  stated  to  have  been  taken  by  Wehrs  at  Mendoza,  western 
Argentina.— C.  E.  H. 

0  Scytalopus  latrans  HELLMAYR,  sp.  nov. :  Similar  to  S.  fuscus,  but  size  larger, 
especially  wings  longer,  legs  and  feet  stronger,  bill  as  a  rule  stouter;  latero-frontal 
feathers  much  more  elongated  so  as  to  form  a  sort  of  erect  tuft;  coloration  generally 
more  blackish,  without  buff  and  dusky  barring  on  rump,  flanks  or  under  tail  cov- 
erts. Wing  56-60,  rarely  less,  once  even  63;  tail  37-44;  tars.  21-23;  bill  12-13. 

Type  in  Field  Museum  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  50864  adult  (not  sexed),Cerro  Munch ique, 
alt.  7000  ft.,  coast  range  west  of  Popayan,  Colombia,  June  7,  1911,  W.  B.  Rich- 
ardson. 

Forty^four  specimens  examined. — C.  E.  H. 

d  Specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


12    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

No.  362,  1899,  p.  34  (Chaupi,  Paramos  of  Illiniza,  Lloa,  Ecuador);  GOOD- 
FELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  67  (Pichincha,  Papallacta") ;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv. 
g6ogr.  Armfe  Mes.  Arc  M6rid.  Equat.,  9,  1911,  p.  B.  30  (Monjas,  Lloa).» 
Scytalopus  niger  (not  of  SWAINSON)  MENEGAUX  &  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris, 
ii,  1905,  p.  379  (part;  Colombia,  Ecuador);  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  32,  1915,  p.  411 
(diag.;  part,  Zaruma,  Gualea,  Pichincha,  Ecuador;  western,  central  and 
eastern  Andes  of  Colombia);  idem,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  1917,  p.  359 
(west  of  Popayan,  Cerro  Munchique,  Cocal,  Almaguer,  w.  Andes;  Valle  de 
las  Pappas,  Laguneta,  Santa  Isabel,  Santa  Elena,  c.  Andes;  Fusugasuga, 
El  Roble,  El  Pinon,  e.  Andes,  Colombia). 

Scytalopus  mageUanicus  niger  (sic)  LONNBERG  &  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14, 
No.  25,  1922,  p.  67  (Pichincha,  below  Calacali,  Ecuador). 

Range:  Temperate  zone  of  the  Andes,  from  western  Venezuela 
(mountains  of  Me"rida)  through  Colombia  and  Ecuador  south  to  Dept. 
Junin,  Peru.b 

2:  Colombia  (coast  range  west  of  Popayan  i,  Cerro  Munchique  i). 

*Scytalopus    macropus    Berkpsch    &    Stolzmann.6     GIANT    BLACK 

BABBLER. 

Scytalopus  macropus  BERLEPSCH  &  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  387,  in 
text  (Maraynioc,  Vitoc,  Dept.  Junin;  type  in  Polish  Natural  History  Museum, 
Warsaw  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 
Scytalopus  fe moralis  idem,  1.  c.,  p.  387  (Maraynioc). 

Scytalopus  mageUanicus  grandis  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Orn.  Ser.,  I, 
1913.  P-  285  (Tambo  Ventija,  ten  miles  east  of  Molinopampa,  ne.  of 
Chachapoyas;=  adult  d"). 

Range:  Peru  (Maraynioc,  Dept.  Junin;  Tambo  Ventija,  Dept. 
Amazonas). 

i:    Peru  (Tambo  Ventija,  type  of  5.  mageUanicus  grandis  Cory). 

»  Specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Five  examples  from  the  Andes  of  M6rida  (Laguneta,  Escorial,  Valle,  Nevados) , 
obtained  by  S.  Briceno,  agree  perfectly  with  others  from  Colombia,  Ecuador  and 
Peru.— C.  E.  H. 

0  Scytalopus  macropus  BERLEPSCH  &  STOLZMANN:  This  is  a  very  distinct  species, 
a  true  giant  among  it  congeners,  at  once  recognizable  by  its  large  size,  powerful  bill 
and  enormous  feet.  The  adult  male  is  uniform  slaty  blackish  like  S.  latrans,  with- 
out any  brown,  the  feathers  of  the  body  plumage  above  and  below  showing  indis- 
tinct paler  edges  when  held  against  the  light.  The  type  of  S.  macropus  is  a  bird  in 
first  annual  (post  juvenile)  plumage.  The  remiges  and  most  of  the  upper  wing  cov- 
erts retained  from  the  juvenile  dress,  are  dusky  brown,  the  tertials  slightly  edged 
with  rufescent  brown,  and  the  rump  as  well  as  the  lower  flanks  and  thighs  are  dull 
rufous  brown,  barred  with  blackish.  Both  specimens,  the  only  ones  known,  have  a 
few  isolated  albinistic  feathers  in  their  body  plumage.  In  structural  characters, 
S.  macropus  agrees  very  well  with  5.  latrans,  but  is  in  all  proportions  very  much  larger. 

Middle  toe 

Wing      Tail       Tars    with  claw      Bill 

Type  of  5.  macropus  ( c?1  ist.  annual)  73          53          30  28  16 

Type  of  5.  m.  grandis  (c?1  ad.)  78          54          30  28  15 % 

— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  13 

Scytalopus  speluncae  (Menelnes)  .*   MOUSE-COLORED  BABBLER. 

Malacorhynchus  speluncae  MENETRIES,  Mem.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  (6th  ser.), 
3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  P-  527»  pi-  *3.  %•  *  (near  Sao  Joao  del  Rey,  Prov. 
Minas  Geraes;  type  in  Petrograd  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.) ;  LAFRES- 
NAYB,  Contrib.  to  Ornith.,  1851,  p.  148  (ex  MENETRIES);  CHROSTOWSKI, 
Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Polon.,  i,  1921,  p.  26  (note  on  type). 

Scytalopus  speluncae  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  libers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  63  (Sao 
Joao  del  Rey;  ex  MENETRIES);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist. 
Foren.  Kjoben.,  1870,  p.  374  (SSo  Joao  del  Rey;  ex  MENETRIES);  SCLATER, 
Ibis,  1874,  P-  J93  (ex  MENETRIES);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
P-  339  (ex  MENETRIES);  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  19,  1907,  p.  76  (Serra  do 
Itatiaya,  Rio;  Alto  da  Serra,  S.  Paulo);  JHERING  &  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun. 
Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  191  (Alto  da  Serra,  S.  Paulo;  range);  LUDERWALDT,  Zool. 
Jahr.  (Syst.),  27,  Heft  4,  May  1909,  p.  348  (Campo  Itatiaya,  Rio;  biol.);  (?) 
BERTONI,  El  Hornero,  i,  1919,  p.  258  (Puerto  Leon,  Misiones). 

Scytalopus  sylvestris  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI)  MIRANDA  RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus. 
Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  13,  1906,  p.  185,  pi.  2  (Retiro  do  Ramos,  Bengalal  de 
Couto,  Itatiaya). 

Range:  Mountainous  districts  of  southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of 
Minas  Geraes  (near  Sao  Joao  d'El  Rey),  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Serra  do 
Itatiaya)  and  Sao  Paulo  (Alto  da  Serra);  (?)  Misiones,  Argentina.1* 


*Scytalopus  unicolor  unicolor  Salvin.0   SALVIN'S  BABBLER. 

Scytalopus  unicolor  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  1895,  p.  15  (Cajabamba,  Huama- 
chuco,  n.  Peru). 

Scytalopus  acutirostris  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  i,  1884, 
p.  532  (part,  Montana  de  Nancho,  n.  Peru;  one  spec,  in  Polish  Natural 
History  Museum,  Warsaw,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

•  Scytalopus  speluncae  (MENETRIES)  :   The  adult  male,  by  its  slate  gray  coloration 
with  but  very  little  brownish  suffusion  on  the  lower  flanks,  bears  a  striking  resemblance 
to  the  Peruvian  S.  unicolor,  but  has  decidedly  shorter  wings,  relatively  and  absolutely 
longer  tail,  shorter  as  well  as  more  slender  bill,  and  is  of  a  darker  slate  gray  on  the 
upper  parts.    The  female  is  mainly  dull  olive  or  rufescent  brown  above,  with  the  wing 
coverts  and  remiges  dusky,  edged  or  washed  with  color  of  back;  sides  of  head  and 
under  parts  decidedly  paler,  mouse  gray  rather  than  slate  gray;  flanks  and  lower  tail 
coverts  bright  fulvous- brown,  more  or  less  varied  with  blackish  spots  or  cross-bands. 

Four    cfcf  ad. — Wing,  53;  tail,  46;  tars.    19-20;  middle  toe  with  claw  17-18; 
bill  ioX-"#. 

Four     9  9  ad. — Wing  50-53;  tail  43-46;  tars.   19-20;  bill  n. — C.  E.  H. 

b  According  to  Bertoni.   No  specimens  from  Misiones  seen  by  us. 

•  Scytalopus  unicolor  unicolor  SALVIN:    Adult  much  like  5.  latrans  in  general 
appearance,  but  plumage  mouse- gray  instead  of  sooty  blackish;  the  flanks  (and  some- 
times also  the  lower  rump)  washed  with  brown  or  fulvous.  Wing  ( o")  57-59;  (  9 )  53- 
57;  tail  40-44;  tars.  19-21;  middle  toe  with  claw  18-20;  bill  12-13. — -C.  E.  H. 


14  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Andes  of  Peru,  in  Depts.  Piura  (Palambla),  Cajamarca 
(Cajabamba,  Nancho),  Libertad  (Huamachuco)  and  Huanuco  (Panao); 
southwestern  Ecuador  (Zaruma,  Prov.  del  Oro)." 

i:  Peru  (Panao  Mts.,  near  Huanuco). 

Scytalopus  unicolor  canus  Chapman*   GRAY  BABBLER. 

Scytalopus  canus  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  32, 1915,  p.  412  (Paramillo,  Antioquia,  w.  Andes, 
Colombia;  type  in  American  Mus.  Nat.  Hist,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  359  (Paramillo). 
Range:    Temperate  zone  of  the  Andes  of  Colombia   (Paramillo, 
north  end  of  western  Andes ;  La  Leonera,  due  north  of  Paramo  de  Ruiz, 
central  Andes,  Prov.  Caldas). 

*Scytalopus  argentifrons  Ridgway."   SILVERY-FRONTED  BABBLER. 

Scytalopus  argentifrons  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  14,  1891,  p.  475  (Volcan  de 
Irazu,  Costa  Rica);  idem,  1.  c.,  16,  1893,  p.  613  (descr.  of  additional  speci- 
mens); SALVIN  &  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centrali-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  246 
(Costa  Rica);  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Eng.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  1902,  p.  48  (Boqueteand 
Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  w.  Panama);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910, 
P-  594  (Volcan  de  Irazu,  La  Estrella  de  Cartago,  Ujurrds  de  Terraba,  Tur- 
rialba),  332  (habits);  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  1910, 
p.  271  (Coliblanco,  Costa  Rica);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  7  (Costa  Rica  and  w.  Panama);  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  32,  1915,  p.  421 
(Costa  Rica  and  w.  Panama). 

Range:  Subtropical  zone  of  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama 
(Volcan  of  Chiriqui). 

3:  Costa  Rica  (Coliblanco  i,  Irazu  2). 

Scytalopus  panamensis  Chapman*  PANAMA  BABBLER. 

Scytalopus    panamensis    CHAPMAN,    Auk,    32,    1915,   p.   420   (Tacarcuna,   e. 

Panama). 
Range:   Eastern  Panama  (Tacarcuna  Mts.,  Darien). 

•  Birds  from  Palambla  (Piura)  and  Nancho  are  practically  identical  with  a  series 
of  topotypes  from  Cajabamba  and  Huamachuco,  collected  by  O.  T.  Baron,  the  dis- 
coverer of  the  species.  An  adult  male  from  the  Panao  Mts.,  near  Huanuco,  has  some- 
what longer  wings  (62  tf)  and  slightly  stouter  legs,  and  differs  from  all  other  examples 
examined  by  having  dusky  cross-lines  on  the  rufescent  brown  rump,  flanks  and  under 
tail  coverts.  An  adult  male  from  Zaruma,  Ecuador  agrees  in  size  with  specimens 
from  Northern  Peru  (wing  55;  tail  40;  bill  12),  but  is  decidedly  darker  slaty  above, 
thereby  approaching  S.  u.  canus,  and  shows  a  few  dusky  cross-lines  on  the  flanks. — 
C.  E.  H. 

b  Scytalopus  unicolor  canus  CHAPMAN:  Differs  from  S.  u.  unicolor  in  smaller  size, 
shorter  bill,  darker,  more  sooty  coloration,  more  blackish  on  wings  and  tail,  and  by 
the  softer,  decomposed  texture  of  the  barbs  of  the  rectrices.  Wing  (three  99) 
53;  tail  32-34;  tars.  19-21;  bill  10-11. — C.  E.  H. 

0  S.  argentifrons,  S.  panamensis  and  S.  sanctae-martae  are  probably  merely  geo- 
graphical representatives  of  the  femoralis-group. 

d  Scytalopus  panamensis  CHAPMAN:  "Most  nearly  related  to  5.  argentifrons,  but 
forehead  black  like  crown;  supra-ocular  stripe  whiter,  broader,  more  pronounced; 
under  parts,  particularly  throat,  paler  gray,  size  larger,  bill  longer  and  heavier". 
(Chapman,  1.  c.). 


1924-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  15 

Scytalopus  sanctae-martae  Chapman.*  CHAPMAN'S  BABBLER. 

Scytalopus  sanctae-martae  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  32,  1915,  p.  418  (part;  Valparaiso 
(type),  San  Francisco,  Santa  Marta  Mts.;  type  in  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  TODD  &  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922, 
p.  319  (Cincinnati,  Pueblo  Viejo). 

Scytalopus  sylvestris  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI)  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13, 

1899,  p.  lor  (San  Francisco);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  1900, 
p.  162  (ex  BANGS). 

Scytalopus  latebricola  (not  of  BANGS)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13, 

1900,  p.  162  (Valparaiso). 

Range:   Subtropical  zone  of  Santa  Marta  Mts.,  northern  Colombia. 

Scytalopus  atratus  Hellmayr*   BOYACA  BABBLER. 

Scytalopus  atratus  HELLMAYR,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  30,  No.  3,  May,  1922,  p.  54 

(Rio  Negro,  Boyaca,  e.  Colombia). 

Range :  Northeastern  Colombia,  in  state  of  Boyaca  (near  Rio  Negro, 
30  km.  southeast  of  Cocui,  eastern  ridge  of  eastern  Andes). 

*Scytalopus  femoralismicropterus(Sc/ater).e  RUFOUS- VENTED  BABBLER. 

Agathopus  micropterus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  April  1858,  p.  69  (Rio  Napo, 
e.  Ecuador);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  168  (same  locality). 

Scytalopus  analis  (not  Merulaxis  analis  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  Ibis  1874, 
p.  196  (Rio  Napo;  "Bogota");  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  342 
("Bogota";  Rio  Napo);  DUBOIS,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  1900,  pi.  3,  fig.  2;HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  615  (Paramba,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  n.  w.  Ecuador),"1 

•  Scytalopus  sanctae-martae  CHAPMAN:    Adult  similar    to    S.    argentifrons  and 
agreeing  with  it  in  small  size,  proportions  of  bill  and  legs,  and  in  the  rump,  flanks 
and  under  tail  coverts  being  rufous  brown,  broadly  barred  with  black;  but  differs 
by  the  much  lighter  mouse  gray  (instead  of  slate  or  sooty  blackish)  pileum,  mantle 
and  under  parts;  paler,  more  tawny  rump,  and  by  the  silvery  white  of  the  head  being 
restricted  to  a  small  spot  in  the  middle  of  the  anterior  crown;  bill  as  a  rule  some- 
what longer.   Wing  (three  o*  o*  ad.)  53-55 ;  tail  33-35 ;  tars.  20;  middle  toe  with  claw 
19-20;  bill  13-13^.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Scytalopus  atratus  HELLMAYR:  Adult  female  nearest  to  S.femoralis  micropterus 
(SCLATER),  but  much  smaller,  with  much  more  slender  bill,  weaker  legs  and  feet; 
plumage  above  and  below  much  darker,  slaty  black  (even  deeper  than  in  S.  latrans); 
the  rufous  brown  on  flanks  much  duller,  more  restricted  and  hardly  variegated  with  a 
few  obsolete  dusky  cross-lines;  the  posterior  uropygial  feathers  barely  tipped  with 
dull  rufescent.  From  5.  sanctae-martae  it  may  be  distinguished  by  somewhat  longer 
wings  and  tail,  more  blackish  coloration,  much  larger  silvery  white  crown  patch, 
by  lacking  the  extensive  rufous  and  black-barred  area  on  rump,  flanks,  etc.  Wing 
(two  9  9  ad.)  57;tail4i,  42;  tars.  20^,  21 ;  middle  toe  with  claw  19^.  20;  bill  12)6. 

Like  S.  argentifrons,  S.  panamensis  and  5.  sanctae-martae,  this  very  distinct 
form  may  possibly  be  a  geographical  race  of  5.  femoralis. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Scytalopus  femoralis  micropterus  (SCLATER)  :    Exceedingly  close  to  5.  /.  femor- 
alis, but  averaging  larger  with  stouter,  longer  bill;  rufous-brown  on  rump  gener- 
ally brighter  as  well  as  more  extended;  upper  parts,  as  a  rule,  more  or  less  tinged 
with  brownish ;  forepart  of  crown  frequently  with  a  silvery  white  spot.   All  of  these 
characters  are  very  variable  individually,  and  I  should  not  be  surprised  if  a  large 
series  of  Peruvian  specimens  proved  micropterus  to  be  inseparable  from  femoralis. 

C.  E.  H. 
d  Specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


16  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Scytalopus  micropterus  TACZANOWSKI  &  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  102 
(Machay,  Mapoto,  e.  Ecuador).* 

Scytalopus  micropterus  micropterus  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  32,  1915,  p.  417  (Alto  Bonito*, 
Las  Lomitas,*  San  Antonio,  Pavas,  Andes  west  of  Popayan,  Ricaurte, 
w.  Andes;  Miraflores,  Salento,'  Laguneta,  w.  slope  of  c.  Andes;  El  Eden", 
La  Palma,  La  Candela,8  e.  slope  of  c.  Andes;  Andalucia,'  Bogota,  Buena 
Vista,  e.  Andes);  idem,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  361  (same 
localities). 

•Scytalopus  magettanicus  (not  of  GMELIN)  TACZANOWSKI  &  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1885,  p.  102  (part;  9,  S.  Rafael,  east  slope  of  Tunguragua,  e.  Ecua- 
dor).' 

Range:  Subtropical  zone  (and  adjoining  portions  of  tropical  and 
temperate  zones)  of  Ecuador  and  Colombia,  ranging  as  far  north  as 
Alto  Bonito,  Rio  Sucio,  in  the  western,  and  the  neighborhood  of  Bogota, 
in  the  eastern  Andes. 

i :   Colombia  (Andalucia,  eastern  Andes). 

*Scytalopus    femoralis    femoralis     (Tschudi).     PERUVIAN    RUFOUS- 
VENTED  BABBLER. 

Pteroptochus  femoralis  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  1844,  p.  281  ("Peru," 
we  suggest  Vitoc  Valley,  Dept.  Junin  as  type  locality;  type  in  Museum 
Neuchatel  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ. 
Ornith.,  53,  1905,  p.  17  (crit.  on  type).b 

Scytalopus  femoralis  TSCHUDI,  Faun.  Per.,  Aves,  1846,  p.  182  ("e.  Peru"); 
TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  i,  1884,  p.  532  (descr.  of  Tschudi's  type  and  of 
a  juvenile  specimen  from  Ray-Urmana,  n.  Peru)." 

Scytalopus  sylvestris  TACZANOWSKI,"  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  138  (Paltaypampa, 
and  Maraynioc,  Peru)  531  (same  locality);  idem,  Orn.  Perou,  i,  1884,  p.  531 
(Paltaypampa,  Pariayacu);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  195  (ex  TACZANOWSKI); 
BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  387  (Garitadel  Sol; 
Maraynioc,  Pariayacu,  Vitoc  Valley).* 
Scytalopus  acutirostris  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  No.  117, 

1921,  p.  77  (Occobamba  Valley,  Urubamba  district,  ce.  Peru)." 
•  Specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  On  re-examination,  the  type  proves  to  be  unquestionably  referable  to  the 
Peruvian  form  of  micropterus,  agreeing  particularly  well  with  an  adult  male  from 
Garita  del  Sol,  Vitoc.  When  publishing  their  note  in  1905,  the  authors  were  not 
acquainted  with  the  various  plumages  of  the  members  of  this  genus,  which  accounts 
for  their  erroneous  supposition  that  the  type  might  be  an  "immature  stage"  of  S. 
"magettanicus"  (  =  latrans).  It  is  a  perfectly  adult  bird  with  uniform  slaty  blackish 
bastard  wing  and  primary  coverts !— C.  E.  H. 

"  Although  the  types  have  disappeared,  I  have  not  the  slightest  doubt  that 
5.  sylvestris  is  synonymous  with  5.  femoralis.  Taczanowski's  description  of  the 
"adult"  was  evidently  based  upon  a  specimen  in  first  annual  (post- juvenile)  plumage, 
like  the  male  from  Pariayacu,  Maraynioc,  July  31,  1892,  J.  Kalinowski  Coll.  (War- 
saw Museum,  No.  2651),  which,  along  with  other  valuable  material,  was  kindly  for- 
warded to  me  by  M.  T.  Chrostowski  of  the  Polish  Natural  History  Museum.  No 
representative  of  the  group  to  which  Taczanowski's  name  had  been  applied  by  auth- 
ors has  ever  been  found  south  of  Colombia. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  17 

Range:  Peru,  in  Dept.  of  Amazonas  (Ray-Urmana,  Valley  of 
Huayabamba),  Huanuco  (Huachipa),  Junin  (Paltaypampa,  Maraynioc, 
Garita  del  Sol,  Chilpes,  Rumicruz)  and  Cuzco  (Occobamba). a 

i:   Peru  (Huachipa,  Dept.  Huanuco). 

Scytalopus  femoralis  bolivianus  Allen.b     BOLIVIAN  RUFOUS  -  VENTED 
BABBLER. 

Scytalopus  bolivianus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  98 
("Reyes,"  n.  Bolivia,  locality  no  doubt  incorrect;  type  in  American  Museum 
of  Natural  History  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Scytalopus  micropterus  bolivianus  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  32,  1915,  p.  418  in  text  (Bolivia, 
Inca  Mine,  se.  Peru;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Northern  Bolivia0  and  southeastern  Peru  ("Inca  Mine"  = 
Santo  Domingo,  in  northern  portion  of  Dept.  Puno).° 

*Scytalopus  magellanicus  (Gmelin).   MAGELLANIC  BABBLER. 

Motacilla  magellanica  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i,  (2),  1789,  p.  979  (based  on 
"Magellanic  Warbler"  LATHAM,  Gen.  Syn.  Birds,  a,  (2),  p.  464:  "Terra 
del  Fuego"=juv.). 

•  The  two  Occobamba  birds,  while  agreeing  in  general  color  and  proportions 
with  the  type  and  four  other  adults  from  Junin  and  Huanuco,  differ  slightly  by 
their  paler,  rufescent  olive  brown  (not  deep  rufous  brown)  rump.  This  insignificant 
divergency  is  very  likely  to  be  individual,  since  the  northern  form  (S.  f.  micropterus) 
shows  as  much  variation  in  this  respect.  The  young  bird  from  Idma  recorded  by 
Chapman  (Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  No.  117,  1921,  p.  79)  s.  n.  S.  micropterus  bolivianus 
should,  no  doubt,  likewise  be  referred  to  S.  f.  femoralis. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Scytalopus  femoralis  bolivianus  ALLEN:  Similar  to  S.  f.  femoralis,  but  slightly 
smaller,  tail  particularly  shorter,  and  with  a  large  silvery  white  spot  on  anterior 
portion  of  crown.  The  latter  is  absent  in  all  but  one  of  the  femoralis,  specimens 
examined,  and  even  this  has  only  a  few  white-tipped  feathers.  S.  /.  bolivianus  is 
known  only  from  two  skins  in  the  American  Museum  collection,  the  type  being  an 
adult,  the  bird  from  Santo  Domingo  in  first  annual  (post  juvenile)  plumage.  More 
material  is  required  to  establish  its  claims  as  a  valid  race. 

MEASUREMENTS 

MID.  TOE 

S.  f.  bolivianus  WING     TAIL      TARS.   WITH  CLAW    BILL 

Type  from  Bolivia  (adult,  not  sexed)          56          35          32  >£          22  12 

o"  ( i st  annual)  Santo  Domingo  57          37          23  21  n^ 

S.  f.  femoralis 

Type  from  Peru  (c?  ad.)  63          46          22 

o71  ad. — Garita  del  Sol,  Junin  59          44          21^ 

cf  ad. — Chilpes,  Junin  61  49          24 

d"  ad. — Rumicruz,  Junin  64          48  23 

<?  ad. — Huachipa,  Huanuco  60          46          24 

c?  (ist  annual)  Pariayacu,  Junin  58          40          23 

cf  ad. — Occobamba,  Cuzco  64          47          23 

9  ad. — Occobamba,  Cuzco  61          38          22 

— C.  E.  H. 

0  Here  may  also  belong  C.  Buckley's  specimen  from  Yungas,  Bolivia,  ( =  S.  sylves- 
tris  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  626;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  341,  part,  spec.  a). 


1 8    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Sylvia  obscura  KING,*  Zool.  Journ.,  3,  No.  n,  1828,  p.  429  (Port  Famine,  Straits 
of  Magellan). 

Scytalopus  fuscus  GOULD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  4,  1836,  publ.  Feb.  1837,  p.  89  (part; 
"in  fretu  Magellanico") ;  JARDINE  and  SELBY,  Illustr.  Ornith.,  (n.  s.),  4,  1838, 
pi.  19  (part;  right  figure);  JARDINE,  Contrib.  to  Ornith.,  4,  1851,  p.  116, 
pi.  77  (part;  right  figure). 

Megalonyx  nanus  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  5,  1842,  p.  135  (Chiloe;  descr.  d",  9); 
LAFRESNAYE,  Contrib.  to  Ornith.,  1851,  p.  150  (ex  LESSON). 

Scytalopus  magellanicus  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  1839,  p.  74  (Port  Famine, 
Tierra  del  Fuego;  islets  of  the  Chonos  Archipelago;  Isl.  Chiloe;  "Falkland 
Isl.");  DES  MURS  in  Gay,  Hist.  fis.  y  polit.  Chile,  Zool.,  i,  1847,  p.  307 
(Chiloe,  "Concepcion") ;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  325  (from  s.  Chile 
to  "the  Falkland  Isl.");  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1868,  p.  187  (Sandy 
Point);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878,  p.  433  (Puerto  Bueno,  Isthmus  Bay); 
SCLATER,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  *93  (part;  Valdivia,  Chiloe,  Chonos  Arch.,  Port 
Famine,  Straits  of  Magellan,  "Falkland  Isl.");  CABANIS  and  REICHENOW, 
Journ.  Ornith.,  1876,  p.  323  (Straits  of  Magellan);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Mus.,  12,  1890,  p.  135  (Otter  Bay,  Port  Churruca,  Straits  of  Magellan;  spec, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  338  (part; 
spec,  a-m,  o,  Straits  of  Magellan,  "Falkland  Isl.",  Valdivia,  Chile);  OUSTA- 
LET,  Miss.  Cap  Horn,  6,  1891,  p.  B.  71  (Tierra  del  Fuego;  isles  of  Hoste  and 
Button);  LYNCH  ARRIBALZAGA,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  8,  1902, 
p.  163  (Lago  General  Paz,  w.  Chubut);  DABBENE,  1.  c.,  p.  368  (Ushuaia); 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  n,  1905,  p.  378  (Tierra  del 
Fuego);  CRAWSHAY,  Birds  Tierra  del  Fuego,  1907,  p.  81,  with  col.  pi.  (Nose 
Peak  Forest);  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  32,  1915,  p.  411  (crit. ;  Cape  Horn  region); 
PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  No.  9,  1923,  p.  310  (Bariloche,  Lake 
Nahuel  Huapi,  Neuquen). 

Pteroptochos  albifrons  LANDBECK,  Arch.  Naturg.,  23,  (i),  1857,  p.  273  (Valdivia, 
Chile);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  99  (Valdivia,  crit.). 

Scytalopus  albifrons  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  12,  1890,  p.  135  (Port  Otway 
Gulf  of  Penas,  s.  Chile;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Scytalopus  niger  (not  of  SwAiNSON)b  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  i,  1919,  p.  262 
(Lago  Nahuel  Huapi,  Neuquen). 

Range:  From  southern  Chile  (Malleco,  Temuco,  Valdivia)  down 
to  the  Straits  of  Magellan  and  Tierra  del  Fuego;  western  Argentina 
(Lake  Nahuel  Huapi,  Neuquen;  Lake  General  Paz,  western  Chubut); 
"Falkland  Isl.".- 

18:  Chile  (Curacautin  2,  Rio  Colorado,  Prov.  Malleco  3;  Rinihue, 
Prov.  Valdivia  2,  Rio  Aysen  i,  Rio  Nireguao  i,  Chiloe  9). 

•  Although  generally  applied  to  another  species,  King's  description  refers,  with- 
out much  doubt,  to  5.  magellanicus,  the  only  representative  of  the  genus  found  in 
the  Straits  of  Magellan. 

b  The  two  specimens  which  were  kindly  forwarded  for  my  inspection  by 
M.  Dabbene  appear  to  me  decidedly  distinct  from  5.  latrans.  Although  slightly 
different  from  Chilian  examples,  I  am  not  inclined  to  separate  them  from  magellani- 
cus without  further  material.— C.  E.  H. 

0  Darwin's  is  the  only  record  for  the  Falkland  Isl.,  where  it  has  not  been  taken 
by  any  of  the  more  recent  travelers. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  19 

Scytalopus  latebricola  latebricola  Bangs.*  BROWN'S  BABBLER. 

Scytalopus  latebricola  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13,  1899,  p.  101  (Paramo 
de  Chiruqua  (type)  and  Paramo  de  Macotama,  Santa  Marta  Mts.;  type  in 
Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  examined);  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  32,  1915,  p.  416  (diag.;  same 
localities);  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922,  p.  320  (San 
Lorenzo,  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta,  Cerro  de  Caracas,  Macotama, 
Paramo  de  Macotama). 

Range:    Santa  Marta  Mts.  in  northern  Colombia,  at  altitudes  of 
from  6,000  to  12,000  ft. 


Scytalopus  latebricola  caracae  Helltnayr*  CARACAS  BABBLER. 

Scytalopus  latebricola  caracae  HELLMAYR,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  30,  No.  3,  May 
1922,  p.  56  (Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila,  n.  Coast  Mts.  near  Caracas,  Ven- 
ezuela). 

Range:  Coast  range  of  Venezuela,  in  Dept.  Federal  Occidental 
(Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila,  Silla  de  Caracas). 

*Scytalopus  latebricola  meridanus  Hellmayr."  MERIDA  BABBLER. 

Scytalopus  latebricola  meridanus  HELLMAYR,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  30,  No.  3, 
May  1922,  p.  58  (La  Culata,  Andes  of  M6rida,  w.  Venezuela). 

Scytalopus  griseicollis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1875,  p.  235  (Merida);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  340  (part; 
Sierra  Nevada,  M6rida). 

•  Scytalopus  latebricola  latebricola  BANGS:   Above  mouse-gray;  rump  and  upper 
tail  coverts  cinnamon  -  or  tawny  brown,  either  uniform  or    narrowly  barred  with 
blackish;  wings  mouse-gray  like  the  back,  some  of  the  lateral  scapulars  and  the  ter- 
tials  sometimes  slightly  washed  with  brownish;  tail  sooty,  tinged  with  brownish, 
particularly  on  median  rectrices;  under  parts  lighter  mouse-gray  than  the  back, 
flanks  and  under  tail  coverts  cinnamon  -  or  tawny  brown,  conspicuously  barred 
with  blackish.   Wing  (o")  64-66,  (9)  61-63;  tail  (o*)  43-46,  (9)  42-45;  tars.  23-24; 
middle  toe  with  claw  22-23^;  bill  13-15. 

This  species  is  not  unlike  5.  griseicollis,  but  much  darker  below,  with  distinct 
blackish  bars  on  flanks  and  under  tail  coverts.  Besides,  it  is  much  larger  in  all  its 
proportions,  the  feet  being  even  heavier  than  in  the  5.  femoralis — group,  and  the 
bill  is  much  stronger,  more  compressed  laterally,  with  the  culmen  basally  distinctly 
ridged  and  more  elevated  than  in  any  other  species  of  the  genus,  approaching  in 
form  that  of  Myornis  senilis. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Scytalopus  latebricola.  caracae  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  5.  /.  latebricola,  but  smaller, 
with  slenderer  feet,  decidedly  weaker  bill  with  basal  portion  of  culmen  not  appre- 
ciably ridged;  tail  more  blackish,  and  color  of  upper  and  under  parts  darker,  sooty 
or  slate-gray  (instead  of  mouse  or  smoke-gray).  Wing  (o")  58-60,  ( 9 )  55-58;  tail  (o") 
39-44,  (9)  36-40;  tars,  (o")  22-23,  (V)  20-21;  middle  toe  with  claw  (j)  19-22, 
(9)  i8#-2o;bill  12-13.— C.  E.  H. 

•  Scytalopus  latebricola  meridanus  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  S.  1.  caracee  HELLMAYR, 
but  with  smaller  bill,  weaker  feet,  shorter  wings,  and  also  distinguished  by  the 
decidedly  lighter,  mouse-gray  rather  than  slate-gray  under  parts;  brighter  cinnamon- 
brown  rump  and  flanks,  and  by  having  the  upper  surface  even  in  adult  plumage 
slightly  washed  with  brownish.  Wing  (o")  56-60,  (  9 )  53-55;  tail  (t?)  38-45,  (  9 )  36- 
42;  tars.  19-21;  middle  toe  with  claw  18-20;  bill  10^-12.— C.  E.  H. 


20    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Scytalopus  sylvestris  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 

1890,  p.  341  (part;  spec,  b,  Bogota);  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  32,  1915,  p.  416  (Paramo 

de  Santa  Isabel,  c.  Andes  of  Colombia;  Paramo  de  Conejos,  Sierra  of  Merida) ; 

idem,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 1917,  p.  360  (Paramo  de  Santa  Isabel). 
Scytalopus  sanctae-martae  (not  of  CHAPMAN)  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  32,  1915,  p.  418 

(part;  specimen  from  Andes  of  M6rida  (6,500  ft.)  in  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 

examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 
Scytalopus  magellanicus  (not  of  GMELIN)  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lond.,  1884,  p.  303  (part;   9  from  Chaguarpata,  5,700  ft.,  w.  Ecuador,  in 

Mus.  Warsaw  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Western  Venezuela:  Andes  of  M&ida  (Los  Duramos, 
El  Escorial,  Santo  Domingo,  Culata,  Conejos,  La  Cuchilla,  Paramo 
Frias,  Heights  of  Tabay,  Rio  Mucujon)  and  Lara  (Anzoategui,  10  km. 
east  of  Humucaro);  central  and  eastern  Andes  of  Colombia,  in 
states  of  Cauca,  Santander,  Boyaca,  Tolima  and  Cundinamarca;(?) 
western  Ecuador  (Chaguarpata). a 

8:  Venezuela  (Rio  Mucuj6n,  Me'rida  3,  Paramo  de  Tama  5). 

Scytalopus    griseicollis    griseicollis    (Lafresnaye).     RUFOUS-RUMPED 
BABBLER. 

Merulaxis  griseicollis  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  3,  1840,  p.  103  ("Santa  F6-de- 
Bogota,"  Colombia);  idem,  Contrib.  to  Ornith.,  1851,  p.  149  (Bogota). 

Scytalopus  griseicollis  ScLATER,b  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  142  (Bogota);  idem, 
Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  168  (Bogota);  idem,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  *95 
(Bogota);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  340  (part;  Bogota);  CHAP- 
MAN, Auk,  32,  1915,  p.  414  (Bogotd;  El  Roble,  El  Pinon,  Chipaque,  Tocai- 
mito,  above  Bogotd,  e.  Andes);  idem,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
1917,  p.  360  (same  localities). 

Merulaxis  squamiger  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  3, 1840,  p.  103  (Bogota;  =  juvenile 
plumage);  idem,  Contrib.  to  Ornith.,  1851,  p.  150  (Bogota). 

Scytalopus  squamiger  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  142  (Bogota). 

Scytalopus  infasciatus  CHAPMAN,°  Auk,  32,  1915,  p.  414  (Paramo  de  Beltran, 
near  Bogota;  type  in  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  361  (same  locality). 

Range :  Temperate  Zone  of  the  eastern  Andes  near  Bogota. 

•  It  is  possible  that  the  range  given  above  includes  more  than  one  race.  Birds 
from  Santander,  Boyaca,  Tolima,  Bogotd  and  Paramo  de  Tama  (near  Venezuelan 
line)  have  the  upper  parts  more  strongly  washed  with  brownish,  and  somewhat 
lighter,  less  blackish  tails  than  the  Venezuelan  series,  though  there  is  much  individual 
variation.  A  single  female  from  Chaguarpata,  changing  from  the  juvenile  into  the 
first  annual  plumage  appears  to  belong  to  meridanus,  being  in  general  coloration 
more  like  the  Venezuelan  than  the  Colombian  birds;  but  it  is  slightly  smaller  than 
any  other  example  examined  by  the  writer.  (Wing  51,  tail  32,  tars.  18,  bill  12). 
More  material  is  required  to  decide  the  status  of  the  Ecuadorian  form. — C.  E.  H. 

b  I  cannot  imagine  what  S.  griseicollis  SCLATER  (P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22,  1854,  p.  in) 
from  Quijos,  e.  Ecuador  might  be.  In  Ibis,  1874,  p.  195,  this  author  states  that  he 
has  four  Bogota-skins  and  "never  met  with  it  from  any  other  locality." 

e  After  carefully  comparing  the  type  of  5.  infasciatus  with  a  large  series  of 
"Bogotd  '-skins,  I  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  it  is  only  an  extremely  dark 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  21 

Scytalopus  griseicollis  fuscicauda   Hellmayr.*  VENEZUELAN  RUFOUS- 
RUMPED  BABBLER. 

Scytalopus  griseicollis  fuscicauda  HELLMAYR,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  30,  No.  3, 
May  i,  1922,  p.  55  (Paramo  de  Rosas,  Est.  Lara,  w.  Venezuela). 

Range:  Andes  of  Venezuela  in  states  of  Lara  (Paramo  de  Rosas, 
14  km.  s.  e.  of  Carache)  and  Trujillo  (Guamito,  Teta  de  Niquitao,  a 
little  to  the  northwest  of  the  town  of  Trujillo)  at  altitudes  of  from  3,500 
to  4,000  metr. 

*Scytalopus  acutirostris  (Tschudi).b   SHARP-BILLED  BABBLER. 

Pteroptochus  acutirostris  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10,  (i),  1844,  p.  282  ("Peru"' 
type  in  Mus.  Neuchatel  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Scytalopus  acutirostris  TSCHUDI,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  1846,  p.  183  ("Ostseite  der 
Peruanischen  Anden,"  we  suggest  Maraynioc,  Dept.  Junin  as  type  locality); 
TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou,  i,  1884,  p.  532  (part;  descr.  of  type  in  Mus. 
Neuchatel;  Maraynioc  [one  o71  "non  adulte"],  spec,  in  Mus.  Warsaw  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  388 
(Maraynioc;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR, 
Journ.  Ornith.,  53,  1905,  p.  19  (crit.  on  Tschudi's  type;  synon.). 

individual  variant  of  5.  griseicollis,  which  is  exceedingly  variable  in  intensity  of 
coloration.   I  may  add  that  Dr.  Chapman  (in  litt.)  now  agrees  with  this  view. 

With  respect  to  the  second  specimen  from  (El  Roble)  referred  by  Chapman  to 
his  S.  infasciatus,  I  must  confess  that  I  am  altogether  doubtful  as  to  its  proper  dis- 
position. In  general  coloration,  it  has  a  superficial  resemblance  to  darker  examples 
of  griseicollis,  from  which,  however,  the  blackish  tail  and  the  broad  blackish  bars  on 
the  flanks  serve  to  distinguish  it.  It  also  recalls  S.  m.  micropterus,  but  has  no  bars 
on  the  rump,  and  a  much  smaller  bill.  From  5.  /.  meridanus,  it  differs  by  its  stronger 
legs,  more  blackish  tail  and  much  darker  sooty  upper  and  under  parts. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Scytalopus  griseicollis  fuscicauda  HELLMAYR:  Differs  in  adult  plumage  from 
5.  g.  griseicollis  by  the  dark  grayish  or  dusky  brown  (instead  of  cinnamon  or  russet 
brown)  tail.  Even  the  juvenile  dress  is  recognizable  by  the  almost  uniform  dusky 
brown  rectrices,  with  seldom  a  few  slight  buff y  cross-lines  near  the  tip.  Wing  (four 
o"o")  57-6o,  (three  99)  55-57;  tail  (d")  41-44,  (  9)  40-43;  tars.  20-22;  middle  toe 
with  claw  19-20;  bill  11-12.  Twelve  specimens,  all  in  Carnegie  Museum  ex- 
amined.—C.  E.  H. 

b  Scytalopus  acutirostris  (Tscnupi) :  Resembles  S.  g.  griseicollis  in  size,  structure 
and  shape  of  bill,  but  differs  by  having  the  rump,  flanks  and  lower  tail  coverts  regu- 
larly barred  with  black;  the  tail  dark  brown  with  irregular,  light  rufescent  cross- 
markings;  the  tertials  barred  with  black  and  rufescent  brown;  the  rump  of  a  duller, 
less  cinnamomeous  tinge,  and  the  flanks  less  extensively  as  well  as  lighter  ochraceous. 
Wing  52-58;  tail  35-41;  tars.  19^-21;  middle  toe  with  claw  17^-19;  bill  11-12. 
— C.  E.  H. 

0  It  is  somewhat  reluctantly  that  I  accept  Tschudi's  term  for  this  well-character- 
ized form  which  may  prove  to  be  but  a  southern  representative  of  griseicollis.  The 
type  which  I  have  recently  compared  again  with  a  good  series  from  Maraynioc  and 
nw.  Bolivia  (Illimani)  is  in  very  poor  condition,  has  lost  its  tail  and,  owing  to  its 
having  apparently  been  preserved  in  alcohol  for  some  time,  its  colors  have  been 
alterated.  All  tints  are  darker  and  duller  than  in  the  other  examples  examined,  with 
which  it  closely  agrees,  however,  in  proportions  and  markings.  The  late  Count  Ber- 
lepsch  who  had  seen  the  type,  was  also  of  the  opinion  that  it  belonged  to  the  southern 
form  of  griseicollis  with  barred  tertials,  rump  and  flanks. — C.  E.  H. 


22    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Scytalopus  simonsi  CHUBB,"  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  CL,  38,  Dec.  1917,  p.  17  (Choque- 

camate,  near  Tapacari,  Prov.  Cochabamba,  Bolivia). 
Scytalopus  sp.,  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  No.  117,  1921,  p.  78  (Cedrobamba, 

Urubamba  region;  Limbani,  se.  Peru;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Temperate  zone  of  Peru  in  Depts.  of  Huanuco,  Junin 
(Maraynioc,  Chipa),  Cuzco  (Cedrobamba) b  and  Puno  (Limbani), 
and  Bolivia  (Cocapata,  Illimani,  Unduavi,  Choquecamate). 

6:   Peru  (Huanuco  Mts.). 

Scytalopus  indigoticus  (Wied).   WHITE-BREASTED  BABBLER. 

Myiothera  indigotica  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.    1091    ("in 

der  Gegend  von  Bahia,"  e.  Brazil). 
Malacorhynchus  indigoticus  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  (6th  ser.) 

3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  529  (ex  WIED). 
Myothera  indigotica  LAFRESNAYE,  Contrib.  to  Ornith.,   1851,  p.   147   (Bahia; 

ex  WIED). 
Malacorhynchus  albiventris  MENETRIES,  Mein.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Pfitersb.,  (6th  ser.) 

3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  525,  pi.  13,  fig.  2  ("la  Serra  d'Estrella,  non  loin 

de  Rio  de  Janeiro");  LAFRESNAYE,  Contrib.  to  Ornith.,  4,  1851,  p.  147  (crit.); 

CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  1921,  p.  26  (type  in  Petro- 

grad  Museum). 
Scytalopus  albiventris  JARDINE,  Contrib.  to  Ornith.,  4,  1851,  p.  118-10,  pi.  76* 

fig.  2  (Brazil;  =  adult). 
Scytalopus  albogularis  GOULD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  4,  "1836,"  publ.  Feb.  1837,  p.  90 

("in  Brasilia") ;  JARDINE  and  SELBY,  Illus.  Ornith.,  (n.  s.),  4,  1838,  pi.  20 

(  =  ist  annual  plumage);  JARDINE,  Contr.  Ornith.,  4,  1851,  p.  116-8  pi.  78 

(  =  ist  annual). 
Scytalopus  undulatus  JARDINE,  Contrib.  to  Ornith.,  4,  1851,  p.  117-9,  pi.  ?6» 

fig.  i  (hab.  ign. ;  = juvenile  plumage). 
Hypocnemis  ?  striativentris  SALVADORI,  Atti  Soc.  Ital.  Sci.  Nat.,  7,  1864,  p.  159 

(Brazil;  =  adult). 
Scytalopus  indigoticus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  63  (Bahia 

to  Rio  de  Janeiro);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  1867,  p.  46  (Mattodentro,  Ypan- 

ema,  S.  Paulo);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  I95  (se-  Brazil);  BERLEPSCH  and 

JHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Ornith.,  2,  1885,  p.  152  (Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul); 

ALLEN,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  257  (Wied's  type);  SCLATER, 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  34  (se.  Brazil);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul., 

•  I  have  not  seen  the  type,  but  a  small  series  from  w.  Bolivia  (Illimani,  Unduavi) 
in  the  Berlepsch  Collection  is  perfectly  identical  with  two  from  Maraynioc  which 
we  may  regard  as  topotypical  of  acutirostris.  A  female  (ist.  annual)  from 
Limbani,  se.  Peru  in  the  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist,  is  exactly  similar.  The  silvery 
white  superciliary  streak  appears  to  be  an  individual  character,  it  being  present 
only  in  two  of  our  Hudnuco  examples,  in  an  adult  male  from  Chipa  (Junin)  and  the 
immature  bird  from  Limbani. — C.  E.  H. 

b  The  two  specimens  from  Cedrobamba  have  the  flanks  much  brighter  cinnamon- 
rufous,  and  the  tertials  and  rump  likewise  brighter  tawny.  They  possibly  represent 
a  separable  race. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  23 

3, 1899, p.  249  (Iguap6,  S.  Paulo) ;  idem,  1.  c.  5,  1902,  p.  301  (Iguap6;  egg  descr.) ; 
idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  para  o  anno  1900,  1899,  p.  131  (Mundo 
Novo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris, 
ii,  1905,  p.  380  (Rio  de  Janeiro);  JEERING  and  JEERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i, 
1907,  p.  192  (Ypiranga,  Iguapd,  Alto  da  Serra,  Bauru,  S.  Paulo;  Ourinho, 
Parana). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Bahia  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul. 

Scytalopus  superciliaris  Cabanis.*  WHITE-BROWED  BABBLER. 

Scytalopus  superciliaris  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  31,  1883,  p.  105,  pi.  2,  fig.  2 
("In  der  dritten  Gebirgskette  von  Tucuman,  westlich  von  Sauciyaca," 
w.  Argentina);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Arg.  Ornith.,  i,  1888,  p.  205  (ex  CAB- 
ANIS); SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  342  (ex  CABANIS);  LILLO, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  8,  1902,  p.  193  (Tafi,  La  Cienaga,  La  Hoyada, 
Tucuman);  idem,  Rev.  letr.  y.  cienc.  soc.  Tucuman,  3,  1905,  p.  54  (same 
localities);  BAER,  Ornis.,  12,  1904,  p.  224  (Lagunita,  Prov.  Tucuman); 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  18,  1910,  p.  280  (Tafi,  La  Cienaga, 
La  Hoyada,  Prov.  Tucuman;  ?  w.  Catamarca  (ex  FONTANA)). 

Range:    Mountains  of   Prov.    Tucuman,    Argentina,   at  altitudes 
of  from  8,000  to  11,000  feet. 


Genus  MYORNIS  Chapman. 
Myornis  CBAPMAN,  Auk,  32,  1915,  p.  410  (type  Merulaxis  senilis  LAFRESNAYE). 

*Myornis  senilis  (Lafresnaye).   ASH-COLORED  BABBLER. 

Merulaxis  senilis  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  3, 1840,  p.  103  ("Santa  F6  de  Bogota," 

Colombia;  descr.  of  an  albinistic  example);  idem,  Contrib.  to  Ornith.,  1851, 

p.  149  (Bogota;  full  description). 
Scytalopus  senilis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  142  (Bogota);  idem, 

Ibis,  1874,  p.  194  (Bogota);  idem,  Cat.  Birds  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  340 

(Bogotd);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  67  (Pichincha,  Papallacta,  Ecuador; 

spec,  in  Tring  Museum  examined)6;  CBAPMAN,  Auk,  32,  1915,  p.  410  (crit. 

on  type;  "Bogota,"  El  Pinon,  below  Bogota,  e.  Andes;  Laguncta,  c.  Andes, 

Colombia;  Pichincha,  Ecuador). 
Myornis  senilis  CBAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  362  (Lagun- 

eta,  c.  Andes;  El  Pinon,  e.  Andes,  Colombia);  LONNBERG  and  RENDAUL, 

Arkiv  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  1922,  p.  67  (Pichincha). 

•  Scytalopus  superciliaris  CABANIS:  A  very  distinct  species,  differing  from 
S.  indigoticus  by  the  possession  of  a  strongly  pronounced,  white  superciliary  stripe; 
by  the  barred  upper  tail  coverts;  by  having  the  throat  only  white,  breast  and  abdo- 
men slate  gray;  finally,  by  the  black  (instead  of  yellow)  lower  mandible.  The  basal 
portion  of  the  culmen  is  even  more  strongly  ridged  and  elevated  than  in  Myornis 
senilis.  Six  specimens  present  the  following  measurements:  Wing  50-54;  tail  31-37; 
bill  H-I2.— C.  E.  H. 

b  The  specimen  from  Pichincha  has  a  number  of  albinistic  white  feathers  on 
forehead  and  lores. — C.  E.  H. 


24    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Temperate  zone  of  central  (Laguneta;  Sancudo,  Prov. 
Caldas)  and  eastern  Andes  of  Colombia  (Prov.  Cundinamarca, 
Santander)  and  Ecuador.* 

i:  Colombia  (Paramo  de  Tama,  Santander). 

Genus  TRIPTORHINUS  Cabanis. 

Triptorhinus  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  219  (type  by  subs,  desig., 

Gray,  1855,  Troglodytes  paradoxus  KITTLITZ). 
Malacorhamphus  KITTLITZ,  Denkwurdigk.  Reise,  i,  1858,  p.   124    (type    Mala- 

corhamphus  araucanus  KITTLITZ  =  Troglodytes  paradoxus  KITTLITZ). 

*Triptorhinus  paradoxus  (KittUtz).   KITTLITZ'S  BABBLER. 

Troglodytes  paradoxus  KITTLITZ,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  PStersb.,  (sav.  6tr.)f  i,  livr. 

2,  1830,  p.  184,  pi.  5  (La  Conception,   Chile);   CHROSTOWSKI,   Ann.    Mus. 

Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  15  (the  type  in  the  Petrograd  Museum  is  from   El 

Tom6  near  Concepcion). 
Triptorhinus  paradoxus  HARTLAUB,  Naumannia,  3,   1853,  p.  211    (Valdivia); 

SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  325  (Valdivia);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  205 

(descr.;  Valdivia);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  351   (s.  Chile); 

LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  45  (Coronel,  Prov.  Concepcion;  Calle-Calle,  Valdivia; 

Chiloe). 
Mer[ulaxis]  analis  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  3,  1840,  p.  104  ("du  Paraguay  ou 

du  Chile");  idem,  Contrib.  to  Ornith.,  1851,  p.  149;  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  32, 

1915,  p.  418  (crit.  on  type;  =T.  paradoxus  KITTLITZ). 
Malacorhynchus  chilensis  MENETRIES,  M£m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3, 

Part  2,  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,   p.    527    (new   name  for    Troglodytes  paradoxus 

KlTTL.). 

Platyurus  lepturus  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  2,  1837,  p.  319  (new  name  for 

Troglodytes  paradoxus  KITTL.). 
Malacorhamphus  araucanus  KITTLITZ,  Denkwurdigk.    Reise,  I,  1858,  p.   124, 

(new  name  for  Troglodytes  paradoxus  KITTLITZ). 

Range:   Chile,  from  Prov.  Maule  to  Valdivia  and  Chiloe. 
18:    Chile  (Pilen  Alto  near  Cauquenes,  Prov.    Maule    i,    Concep- 
cion 8,  Curacautin,  Prov.  Malleco  3,  Mafil,  Prov.  Valdivia  i,  Chiloe  5). 

Genus  ACROPTERNIS  Cabanis  and  Heine. 

Acropternis  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  20  (type  Merulaxis 
orthonyx  LAFRESNAYE). 

*Acropternis  orthonyx  orthonyx  (Lafresnaye) .   OCELLATED  BABBLER. 

Merulaxis  orthonyx  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  6,  1843,  p.  131  ("Colombie"  = 
Bogota);  idem,  Mag.  Zool.,  (2nd  ser.),  6,  1844,  cl.  2,  Ois.,  pi.  53  (Bogota). 

•  Five  birds  from  Pichincha  are  perfectly  identical  with  a  series  from  Caldas. 
and  a  single  male  from  Paramo  de  Tama,  Santander.— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  25 

Triptorhinus  orthonyx  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  142  (Bogota). 

Acropternis  orthonyx  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  204  (descr.  and  hab.  part;  Col- 
ombia); SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  528  (Santa  Elena, 
Antioquia);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  351  (part;  Colombia 
[Santa  Elena,  Medellin,  Bogota]  and  Venezuela,  Merida);  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  362  (Laguneta,  c.  Andes). 

Range:  Temperate  zone  of  Andes  of  Colombia  (central  and 
eastern  chain)  and  Venezuela  (Merida). 

8:  Colombia  (Bogotd  i,  Santa  Elena  i),  Venezuela  (Escorial  2, 
Culata  2,  Nevados  i,  Conejos  i). 

*Acropternis  orthonyx  infuscata  Sahadori  and  Festa.*    ECUADORIAN 

OCELLATED  BABBLER. 

Acropternis  infuscata  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
Nov.  1899,  p.  34  (Frutillas  and  Lloa,  Ecuador);  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL, 
Arkiv.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  1922,  p.  67  (Chinquil,  Pichincha). 

Acropternis  orthonyx  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  204  (part; 
Ecuador);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  351  (part;  "Intac,"  Ecua- 
dor); BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  116  ("Quito");  GOODFELLOW, 
Ibis,  1902,  p.  67  (Lloa  and  above  Quito). 

Acropternis  orthonyx  infuscata  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  geogr.  Arc  Merid.  Equat., 
9,  1911,  p.  B  31  ("Haut  Napo");  idem,  Rev.  Frang.  d'Ornith.,  No.  43,  1912, 
p.  388  ("Banos"). 

Range:   Temperate  zone  of  the  Andes  of  Ecuador, 
i:  Ecuador. 


Family  CONOPOPHAGIDAK 
GNAT  EATERS. 

Genus  CONOPOPHAGA  Vieillot. 

Conopophaga  VIEILLOT,  Analyse  d'une  nouv.  Ornith.,  1816,  p.  39  (type  by  subs. 

design.,  GRAY,  1840,  "Fourmillier  a  ailes  (=  oreilles)  blanches"  Buff  on  = 

Conopophaga  aurita  [GMELIN]). 
Brachyurus  THUNBERG,  Kongl.  Vetenskaps  Akad.  Handl.,  1821,  Part  2,  p.  371 

(types    Brachyurus    gularis    and    B.    ruber  =  Conopophaga     m.     melanops 

[VlEELLOT]). 

Ceraphanes  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,   1901,  p.   115   (type  Ceraphanes  ano- 

malus  BERTONI  =  Myiagrus  lineatus  WIED). 
Pseudoconopophaga  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (gth  ser.),  2,  July  1918, 

p.  122  (type  Conopophaga  melanogaster  MENETR.). 

•  Acropternis  orthonyx  infuscata:  Differs  from  A.  o.  orthonyx  by  its  decidedly 
darker,  more  blackish  lower  parts.  The  other  differences  mentioned  by  the  describers 
do  not  hold  good.  Eight  specimens  from  Ecuador  compared  with  eight  from  Bogota 
and  seven  from  the  Andes  of  Meiida. — C.  E.  H. 


26    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Conopophaga  aurita  aurita  (Gmelin).  CHESTNUT-BELTED  GNAT  EATER. 

Turdus  auritus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  1789,  p.  827  (based  on  "Fourmillier  a 
oreilles  blanches,"  Daubenton,  PL  enl.,  822,  Cayenne). 

Pipra  leucotis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  1789,  p.  1003  (based  on  the  same). 

Conopophaga  leucotis  VIEILLOT  and  OUDART,  Galerie  Ois.,  i  (2),  p.  203,  pi.  127 
(no  locality  given);  MENETRIES,  Mem.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Petersbourg,  (6th  ser.), 
3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  532  ("Bahia"'). 

Conopophaga  aurita  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26, 1858,  p.  285  (Cayenne) ;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  Bds.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  330  (part,  Cayenne);  MENEGAUX  and 
HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  n,  1905,  p.  374  (part;  Cayenne);  JHERING  and 
JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Brazil.,  i,  1907,  p.  193  (part;  Cayenne);  BERLEPSCH, 
Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  164  (Ipousin,  French  Guiana);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol. 
Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  261  (part;  Guiana). 

Conopophaga  aurita  aurita  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  2  (British 
Guiana). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana. 
2:  British  Guiana  (Mazaruni  River  2). 


Conopophaga  aurita  occidentals  Chubb*  WESTERN  GNAT  EATER. 

Conopophaga  aurita  occidentalis  CHUBB,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  38,  Dec.  1917,  p.  34 
(Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador;  types  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Conopophaga  aurita  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22,  1854,  p.  113 
(Quijos,  e.  Ecuador);  SCLATER,  Cat.  Birds  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  330  (part; 
Ecuador);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  n,  1905,  p.  374 
(part;  Rio  Javarri,  Pebas,  ne.  Peru);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  699  (Archi- 
dona,  e.  Ecuador);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  193 
(part;  Rio  Javarri,  Ecuador);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  371 
(Allianca,  Rio  Madeira);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  261 
(part;  Amazonia,  Ecuador);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
1917,  p.  362  (Florencia,  La  Morelia,  se.  Colombia). 

Range :  Upper  Amazonia,  from  the  headwaters  of  the  rivers  Caquetd 
(Florencia,  La  Murelia)  and  Putumayo  (Cuembi)  through  eastern 
Ecuador  (Quijos,  Archidona,  Rio  Napo)  south  to  the  Maranon 
(Pebas),  Javarri,  and  the  left  bank  of  the  Rio  Madeira  (Allianca),  Brazil. 

•  Although  Menetries  states  that  the  specimens  described  were  obtained  by  the 
German  collector  Freyreiss,  who  traveled  extensively  in  e.  Brazil,  there  must  be 
some  mistake  regarding  the  locality  as  C.  a.  aurita  has  never  been  found  in  the 
state^of  Bahia  and  is  not  likely  to  occur  there. 

b  C.  a.  occidentalis  differs  from  the  typical  race  merely  in  having  the  sides  of  the 
belly  darker,  more  rufescent  (or  buffy)  brown,  and  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  buffy 
white  instead  of  pure  white.  A  male  from  Allianca,  left  bank  of  the  Rio  Madeira, 
agrees  with  the  examples  from  Archidona,  Rio  Napo,  Pebas,  Rio  Javarri  and  Cuembi, 
Rio  Putumayo,  se.  Colombia  (i  c?  ad.,  obtained  by  Gustav  Hopke,  in  the  Frankfurt 
Museum)  which  I  have  examined. — C.  E.  H. 


1924-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  27 

Conopophaga  snethlageae  snethlageae  Berlepsch.*  SNETHLAGE 's  GNAT 

EATER. 

Conopophaga  snethlageae  BERLEPSCH,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  20,  Feb.  1912,  p.  17 
(Tucunar6,  Rio  Jamauchim  (type);  Cussary,  lower  Amazon,  Brazil;  type 
in  coll.  Berlepsch,  now  in  Senckenbergian  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  Mus.  Frankfurt, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  261  (Cus- 
sary; Rio  Jamauchim  [TucunareJ). 

C.  aurita  (not  of  GMELIN)  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  288  ("Monte 
Alegre"  =  Cussary !). 

Range:  Brazil,  Lower  Amazonia  (Tucunare"  on  the  Rio  Jamau- 
chim, an  easterly  tributary  of  the  Tapajoz;  Cussary  opposite  Monte 
Alegre,  south  bank  of  Amazon  River). 

Conopophaga  snethlageae  pallida  Snethlage.b  PALLID  GNAT  EATER. 

Conopophaga  snethlageae  pallida  SNETHLAGE,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  22,  March 
1914,  p.  39  (Cameta,  Rio  Tocantins,  type  in  Goeldi  Museum);  idem,  Bol. 
Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  262,  499  (Cameta). 

Range:  Only  known  from  Cametd  on  the  Tocantins,  a  southerly 
tributary  of  the  lower  Amazon,  Brazil. 


Conopophaga    melanogaster   Menttrtes*.        BLACK-BREASTED    GNAT 
EATER. 

Conopophaga  melanogaster  MENETRIES,  Mem.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Pgtersb.,  (6th  ser.), 
3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  537,  pi.  15,  fig.  2  (=  d")  ("pres  de  Cuyaba," 
Matto  Grosso;  locality  no  doubt  erroneous,  we  substitute  Rio  Madeira;  type 
in  Petrograd  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868, 
p.  92  (Borba) ;  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  x,  1907,  p.  192  (Borba) ; 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  22  (Itaituba,  R.  Tapaj6z);  SNETHLAGE, 
Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  514  (Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapajoz);  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  371  (Calama,  R.  Madeira;  St.  Isabel,  Rio  Preto; 
Maruins,  Rio  Machados);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  263 
(Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins;  Boim,  Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z);  CHROSTOWSKI, 
Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  1921,  p.  27  (note  on  type  in  Petrograd 
Museum). 

•  C,  s.  snethlagez  BERLEPSCH  is  nearly  related  to,  and  may  prove  to  be  the  east- 
ern representative  of  C.  a.  occidentals  from  which  it  differs,  in  the  male  sex,  by  having 
the  black  of  the  throat  extended  over  the  chest  (which  is  bright  cinnamon-rufous  in 
its  ally);  the  belly  much  darker,  ochraceous  buff,  with  very  little  whitish  suffusion 
along  middle  of  abdomen;  the  crown  duller,  less  rufous  brown,  hardly  different 
from  color  of  back.  The  female  may  be  distinguished  by  its  ochraceous  belly  and 
rufous  (instead  of  white)  throat.  Type:  wing  69;  tail  35;  bill  13. — C.  E.  H. 

b  C.  snethlagez  pallida  SNETHLAGE  is  stated  by  its  describer  to  differ  from  the 
typical  race  by  the  lighter  olivaceous  color  of  the  back,  and  paler  ochraceous  lower 
parts  while  the  female  appears  to  approach  C.  aurita  occidentalis  in  its  mainly  whitish 
throat.  This  race  is  unknown  to  the  authors. 

e  Made  the  type  of  the  genus  Pseudoconopophaga  by  CHUBB,  mainly  on  account 
of  its  larger  size.  The  bird  is,  however,  obviously  closely  allied  to  C.  roberti  which 
cannot  be  separated  genetically  from  Conopophaga. 


a8    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Conopophaga  melanogastra  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  331  (Borba). 

Conopophaga  rusbyi  ALLEN,  Bull.  Araer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  96  (Reyes, 
ne.  Bolivia;  =  9). 

Range:  Central  and  northern  Brazil  (from  the  upper  Rio  Madeira 
east  to  the  left  bank  of  the  Tocantins)  and  adjoining  portion  of 
Bolivia  (Reyes)." 

*Conopophaga  roberti  Hellmayr*   ROBERT'S  GNAT  EATER. 

Conopophaga  roberti  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  B.  O.  Cl.,  15,  March  1905,  p.  54  (Igarap6- 
Assu  (mis-spelled  Attti),  Pard);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  1905,  p.  292  (Igarapg- 
Assu);  idem,  1.  c.,  13, 1906,  p.  373  (S.  Antonio  do  Prata);  SNETHLAGE,  Ornith. 
Monatsber.,  14,  1906,  p.  9  (S.  Antonio;  descr.  9);  idem,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55, 
1907,  p.  288  (Pard,  S.  Antonio,  R.  Capim);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun. 
Braz.,  I,  1907,  p.  192  (Pard);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 
Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  51  (Ipitinga,  Peixe  Boi),  93  (Pard-localities) ; 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  262  (Ananindeua,  Benevides, 
Apehu,  S.  Antonio,  Quatipuni,  Rio  Capim,  Baiao,  R.  Tocantins). 

C.  melanogaster  (errore)  GOELDI,  Alb.  Av.  Amaz.,  fasc.,  2,  1902,  pi.  20,  fig.  i. 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  Para  district  west  to  the  right  bank 
of  the  Tocantins  (Baiao),  and  adjoining  parts  of  Maranhao. 

2:  Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  2). 

"Conopophaga  peruviana  Des  Murs.   FULVOUS-BELLIED  GNAT  EATER. 

Conopophaga  peruviana  DES  MURS  in  Castelnau,  Exp6d.  Am6r.  Sud,  Oiseaux, 
livr.  18,  June  1856,  p.  50,  pi.  16,  fig.  i  (=  c?),  (Pebas  and  Nauta,  ne.  Peru; 
type  from  Pebas  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.) ;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  68  (Rio  Napo),  286  (Pebas,  Nauta;  Rio  Napo;  descr.  c?); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  193  (Rio  Napo);  idem  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  277  (Chamicuros,  Santa  Cruz,  e.  Peru);  TACZANOW- 
S>KI,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  90  (part.,  descr.  cf  exsarayacu,  e.  Ecuador; 
Pebas,  Nauta,  Santa  Cruz,  Chamicuros);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  331  (Chamicuros,  Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR, 
Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  u,  1905,  p.  374  (crit.  on  type  from  Pebas);  SNETHLAGE, 
Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  18  (Bom  Lugar,  Ponto  Alegre,  Rio  Purus);  idem, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  262  (Rio  Punis);  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg., 
85,  Abt.  A.,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  114  (Yahuarmayo,  San  Gaban,  Carabaya, 
se.  Peru;  characters). 

•  An  adult  male  from  the  Tocantins  (Arumatheua)  is  practically  identical  with 
examples  from  the  Tapajoz  and  Rio  Madeira. — C.  E.  H. 

b  C.  roberti  HELLMAYR:  Differs  from  C.  melanogaster  by  much  smaller  size,  much 
weaker  bill,  with  the  lower  mandible  whitish  instead  of  black,  light  russet 
brown  (instead  of  deep  chestnut)  upper  parts,  and  by  the  postocular  stripe, 
pure  white  in  both  sexes,  commencing  behind  (instead  of  above)  the  eye.  In  the 
adult  male  the  black  color  below  does  not  extend  beyond  the  chest,  leaving  an  exten- 
sive area  in  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  white,  while  in  C.  melanogaster  the  entire  under 
surface  is  black,  the  lower  flanks  and  under  tail  coverts  only  being  gray.  The  female 
of  C.  roberti  may  also  be  distinguished  from  its  ally  by  the  fight  russet  brown, 
instead  of  sooty  black  cheeks  and  ear-coverts.  Wing  (c?)  69-72,  (9)  65-69;  tail 
(cf)  35-39,  (9)  32-36;  bill  15-16.— C.  E.  H. 


IQ24-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  29 

Conopophaga  torrida  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  26,  April  1858,  p.  68  (type  from 
Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador;  Chamicuros,  e.  Peru;  =  9),  285  (same  localities); 
idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  193  (Rio  Napo);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn. 
Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  89  (descr.  type  spec,  from  Rio  Napo;  Chamicuros). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu) 
through  the  lowlands  of  Peru  south  to  the  upper  Purus,  Brazil, 
and  the  northern  slope  of  the  Sierra  of  Carabaya,  southeastern  Peru. 

i:    Peru   (Puerto  Bermudez). 

Conopophaga      ardesiaca      ardesiaca       Lafresnaye   and   D'Orbigny. 
D'ORBIGNY'S  GNAT  EATER. 

Conopophaga  ardesiaca  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  1837,  cl.  2,  p.  13  (Yungas,  Bolivia;  type  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  188  (Yungas  of 
La  Paz:  Rio  Meguilla  and  Carcuata);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1858,  p.  286 
(Bolivia);  idem,  Cat.  B.  B.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  332  (Bolivia;  "Rio  Napo, 
Ecuador"*);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  P-  625  (Tilotilo, 
Bolivia);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  n,  1905,  p.  375 
(Yungas). 

C.  ardesiaca  ardesiaca  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  209  (Yungas). 

Range:   Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba). 

Conopophaga  ardesiaca  saturata  Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann*  PERUVIAN 
GNAT  EATER. 

Conopophaga  ardesiaca  saturata  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  Part  2, 
Sept.  1906,  p.  119  (Huaynapata,  Marcapata,  se.  Peru;  type  in  Branicki 
Museum,  Warsaw,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:   Southeastern  Peru  (Valley  of  Marcapata). 

*Conopophaga  castaneiceps  castaneiceps  Sclater.*   CHESTNUT-HEADED 
GNAT  EATER. 

Conopophaga  castaneiceps  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  June  1857,  p.  47  (part; 
type  from  "Bogota"  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c., 
26,  1858,  p.  286  (part;  Bogota);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  332 

»  The  locality  "Rio  Napo"  is  evidently  erroneous. 

b  Conopophaga  ardesiaca  saturata  differs  in  the  male  sex  (the  female  being  unknown) 
from  the  typical  race  by  much  darker,  deep  rufous  brown  upper  parts  (without  any 
olivaceous  tinge),  more  sooty  sides  of  head,  throat  and  breast,  as  well  as  by  more 
rufescent  under-tail  coverts.  Six  males,  including  the  type,  compared  with  five  male 
examples  of  C.  a.  ardesiaca. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Conopophaga  c.  castaneiceps:  The  male  resembles  C.  ardesiaca  saturata  in  dark 
coloration  of  sides  of  head  and  underparts,  but  differs  at  a  glance  by  having  the  fore- 
head, lores  and  superciliary  region  bright  ferruginous  instead  of  slate-gray.  Besides, 
the  pileum  is  much  brighter  (ferruginous  instead  of  rufous  brown),  the  back  deep 
neutral  gray,  and  there  is  hardly  any  white  in  the  middle  of  the  belly. — C.  E.  H. 


30    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

(part;  spec,  a-d,  Bogota);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Mus. 
Paris,  ii,  1905,  p.  375  (Bogotd;  crit.). 

C.  castaneiceps  castaneiceps  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917, 
p.  362  (La  Candela,  Andalucia,  head  of  Magdalena  River;  Buena  Vista, 
e.  Andes;  La  Frijolera,  west  slope  of  c.  Andes,  Colombia). 

C.  ardesiaca  ?  (not  of  LAFR.  and  D'ORB.)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  145 
(Bogota). 

C.  gutturalis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  574  (Bogotd;  type  in  Brit- 
Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =  9). 

Range:  Colombia  (subtropical  zone  of  eastern  Andes:  "Bogota," 
La  Candela,  Andalucia,  Buena  Vista;  west  slope  of  central  Andes; 
Frijolera).' 

i:  Colombia  (La  Frijolera). 

Conopophaga  castaneiceps  chocoensis  Chapman*    WESTERN  CHEST- 
NUT-HEADED GNAT  EATER. 

Conopophaga  castaneiceps  chocoensis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  34, 
Dec.  1915,  p.  641  (Baudo  Mts.,  Choc6,  w.  Colombia);  idem,  1.  c.,  36,  1917, 
p.  363  (Baudo  Mts.). 

C.  c.  castaneiceps  (not  of  SCLATER)  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1176  (La 
Selva,  Rio  Jamaraya,  Choc<5). 

Range:  Western  Colombia  (tropical  zone  of  Pacific  slope  of 
western  Andes). 

*Conopophaga  castaneiceps  brunneinucha   Berlepsch  atid  Stolzmann." 
BROWN-NAPED  GNAT  EATER. 

Conopophaga  castaneiceps  brunneinucha  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S, 

Lond.,  1896,  p.  385  (La  Gloria,  Chanchamayo  [type]  and  Garita  del  Sol, 

Vitoc,  Dept.  Junin,  Peru). 
Conopophaga  ardesiaca  (not  of  LAFR.  and  D'ORB.)  TSCHUDI,  Fauna  Peru.,  Aves, 

1846,  p.  179  (Peru);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  531  (Soriano, 

Masayacu);  idem,  1.  c.,  1882,  p.  34  (Huambo). 

•  It  is  somewhat  doubtful  if  the  specimens  from  La  Frijolera,  west  slope  of 
c.  Andes  belong  to  the  typical  race. 

b  Conopophaga  castaneiceps  chocoensis:  "Male  with  back  mummy  brown  with  an 
olivaceous  cast  instead  of  deep  neutral  gray;  crown  chestnut  instead  of  Sanford's 
brown  .  .  .  ;  under  parts  dark  mouse  gray  in  place  of  deep  neutral  gray;  the  center 
of  the  belly  whitish,  the  flanks  heavily  tinged  with  olivaceous."  (Chapman,  1.  c.). 
This  form  is  evidently  very  closely  related  to  C.  c.  brunneinucha.  The  male, 
unknown  to  me,  appears  to  differ  merely  by  smaller  size  (wing,  68;  tail,  39).  The 
single  female  examined  is  distinguishable  only  by  its  slightly  paler  brown  back  (wing, 
72;  tail,  39).  More  material  should  be  compared. — C.  E.  H. 

0  Conopophaga  castaneiceps  brunneinucha  differs  from  the  typical  race  in  the 
male  sex  by  having  the  posterior  portion  of  the  pileum  duller,  more  mixed  with  brown- 
ish; the  back  decidedly  mummy-brown  without  any  blackish  apical  edges  to  the 
feathers  of  the  mantle;  and  by  having  the  center  of  the  belly  extensively  white, 
while  the  female  may  be  distinguished  by  the  last  named  character. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  31 

Conopophaga  castaneiceps  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884, 

p.  88  (Peru). 
Conopophaga  peruviana  (not  of  DES  MURS)  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  1918, 

p.  457  (Perico;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  central  and  northern  Peru  (La  Gloria, 
Garita  del  Sol,  Soriano,  Masayacu,  Dept.  Junin;  Huachipa,  Dept. 
Huanuco;  Valley  of  Huayabamba,  Dept.  Loreto;  Perico  near  Taba- 
conas,  Dept.  Cajamarca).8 

4:   Peru  (Huachipa  4). 

*Conopophaga  lineata  (Wied).   SILVERY-TUFTED  GNAT  EATER. 

Myiagrus  lineatus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Brasil.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1064  (Arrayal 
[  =  Cidade]  da  Conquista,  s.  Bahia;  descr.  9). 

Conopophaga  vulgaris  MENETRIES,  Mem.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3, 
Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  534,  pi.  14,  fig.  i  (=  c?)  (Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Minas 
Geraes;  one  of  Mgnetries*  original  examples  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  in  Paris 
Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist. 
Nat.,  i,  1921,  p.  27  (type  no  longer  in  Petrograd  Museum). 

Conopophaga  lineata  BURMEISTER,  System.  Ubers.  Thiere  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  52 
(Neu  Freiburg);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  285  (descr.,  se.  Brazil); 
PELZELN,  Ornith.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  92  (Mugy  das  Cruzes,  Casa  Pintada, 
Ypanema,  S.  Paulo;  Sangrador,  e.  Matto  Grosso);  REINHARDT,  Videnskab. 
Medd.  Naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  362  (Paracatu,  Minas;  Novo  Friburgo, 
Macahe,  S.  Clemente,  Rio;  Hytu,  S.  Paulo);  PELZELN,  Nunquam  otiosus,  a, 
1874,  P-  29*  (Novo  Friburgo);  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1874,  p.  85  (Canta- 
gallo,  Rio);  (?)  FORBES,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  345  (Quipapd,  Pernambuco);  BER- 
LEPSCH  and  JHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Ornith.,  2,  1885,  p.  152  (Taquara,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  256  (Wied's 
type  in  American  Museum);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  333 
(se.  Brazil);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1898,  p.  247  (S.  Paulo);  idem, 
Annuario  Estado  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  para  1900,  1899,  p.  131  (Rio  Grande  do 
Sul) ;  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4, 1900,  p.  158  (Cantagallo,  Novo  Friburgo); 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  n,  1905,  p.  375  (Rio,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul,  Goyaz);  MIRANDA,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  13, 
1906,  p.  184  (Itatiaya);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  I,  1907, 
p.  193  (S.  Paulo,  Minas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15, 
1908,  p.  73  (Faz.  Esperanca,  Goyaz);  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  1914,  p.  50 
(Paraguay;  Iguassu);  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i, 
1921,  p.  27  in  text  (Affonso  Penna  near  Curitiba,  Parand). 

Ceraphanes  anontalus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Paraguay,  1901,  p.  115  (Puerto  Ber- 
toni,  Alto  Parana,  Paraguay). 

Conopophaga  anomala  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  517  (crit.;  Sapucay,  Paraguay). 

a  While  there  is  a  certain  variation  between  specimens  from  Juniii  and  those 
from  n.  Peru,  they  appear  to  be  referable  to  the  same  race,  distinguishable  from 
typical  C.  c.  castaneiceps  by  the  characters  given  above.  The  female  from  Tabaconas 
which,  thanks  to  Mr.  Bangs,  I  was  enabled  to  examine,  pertains  to  C.  c.  brunneinucha, 
and  not  to  C.  peruviana.— C.  E.  H. 


3*    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Conopophaga  lineata  anomala  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  x,  1919,  p.  263  (Santa  Ana, 
Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  (?)  Pernambuco  and  southern 
Bahia  down  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  west  through  southern  Goyaz  and 
Minas  Geraes  to  eastern  MattoGrosso  (Sangrador),  and  adjoining  parts 
of  Paraguay  (Alto  Parand,  Sapucay)  and  northeastern  Argentina 
(Misiones).* 

2:  Brazil  (Rio  de  Janeiro  i,  Faz.  Cayoa,  Salto  Grande,  Rio 
Paranapanema,  S.  Paulo  i). 

*Conopophaga  cearae  Cory.   CEARA  GNAT  EATERS 

Conopophaga  lineata  cearae  CORY,   Field   Museum   Nat.  Hist.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i, 
No.  10,  Aug.  1916,  p.  337  (Serra  Baturitg,  Ceara). 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil  (State  of  Ceard). 
i:   Brazil  (Serra  Baturite",  Ceara). 

^Conopophaga  melanops  melanops  (  Vieillof).    BLACK-CHEEKED  GNAT 
EATER. 

Platyrhynchos  melanops  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  27, 
1818,  p.  14  ('TAme'rique  meridionale";  the  type,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.  in  the 
Paris  Museum,  is  a  male  obtained  by  Delalande,  Jr.,  in  the  vicinity  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro);  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  1855,  p.  359. 

•  I  am  unable  to  separate  a  series  from  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  and  Paraguay  (C.  ano- 
mala) from  Rio  examples  (C.  vvlgaris  Men6tr.)  with  which  a  large  number  from 
various  localities  in  the  state  of  S.  Paulo  agree,  while  three  skins  from  Goyaz  and 
Sangrador  (e.  Matto  Grosso)  have  the  throat  and  chest  decidedly  deeper  rufous  and 
the  upper  parts  slightly  more  rufescent  brown.  In  the  absence  of  topotypical  mate- 
rial from  southern  Bahia,  it  is  impossible  to  make  out  to  which  of  the  two  apparent 
races  the  name  lineata  Wied  should  properly  be  referred. 

The  sexes  of  this  species  differ  only  in  the  female  lacking  the  silky- white  postocular 
tuft,  this  region  being  pale  cinereous  like  the  superciliary  stripe.— C.  E.  H. 

b  C.  cearae,  known  from  a  single  adult  male,  the  type,  appears  to  me  perfectly  dis- 
tinct. It  differs  from  C.  lineata  by  the  absence  of  the  broad  pale  cinereous  superciliary 
stripe,  so  conspicuous  a  feature  in  the  se.  Brazilian  species,  the  region  above  and 
behind  the  eye  being  cinnamon-rufous  like  the  crown.  Forehead  and  loral  region 
decidedly  tipped  with  sooty  black;  the  postocular  stripe  narrower  and  of  a  purer 
uniform  silky- white;  the  upper  parts  more  rufescent  brown,  especially  the  crown 
bright  cinnamon-rufous  contrasted  with  the  back;  cheeks,  auricular  region,  throat 
and  chest  much  brighter,  more  orange-rufous;  the  sides  of  the  body  bright  ochraceous 
instead  of  grayish  or  buffy-brown;  the  abdominal  area  more  extensive  and  purer 
white,  not  tinged  with  pale  grayish.  Wing,  73;  bill,  13^.  Although  the  late  Mr.  Cory 
regarded  it  as  a  race  of  C.  lineata,  its  characters,  notably  the  lack  of  the  grayish 
superciliary  stripe,  appear  to  me  of  sufficient  importance  to  accord  it  full  specific 
rank  until  further  material  is  forthcoming. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  33 

Brachyurus  gularis  THUNBERG,  Kong.  Vetenskaps  Akad.  Handlingar,  Stock- 
holm, 1821,  Part  2,  p.  371,  pi.  4,  upper  fig.  (=  d")  ("Brasilia") ;  LSNNBERG, 
Ibis,  1903,  p.  240  (crit;  type  in  Upsala  Museum).* 

Brachyurus  ruber  THUNBERG,  1.  c.,  p.  371,  pi.  4,  lower  fig.  (=  9)  ("Brasilia"). 

Conopophaga  nigrogenys  LESSON,  Traitfi  d'Ornith.,  livr.  5,  end  of  1830,  p.  393 
("Br6sil,  MENETRIES";  the  type  examined  by  C.  E.  H.  in  Paris  Museum  was 
secured  by  MENETRIES  near  Rio  de  Janeiro;  =  cf);  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Acad. 
Sci.  St.  Pdtersbourg,  (6th  ser.),  3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  536,  pi.  15,  fig.  i 
(Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Conopophaga  dorsalis  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  P6tersbourg,  (6th  ser.), 
3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  P-  533.  pi-  '4.  fig-  2  ( =  9 )  (Sumidorio  near  Rio  de 
Janeiro;  types  examined  in  Petrograd  Museum  by  C.  E.  H.) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  333  (part,  descr.  "  9";  Rio)b;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann. 
Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  1921,  p.  26  (type  from  Sumidorio  in 
Petrograd  Museum). 

Conopophaga  maximiliani  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  8 
(s.  Brazil);  PELZELN,  Ornith.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  92  (Registo  do  Sai,  Rio  de 
Janeiro). 

Myioturdus  perspicUlatus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3, 
(2),  1831,  p.  1042  (Rio  Itabapuana,  s.  Espirito  Santo;  descr.  &  cert£). 

Conopophaga  perspicillata  (err.)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856, 
p.  54  (Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Conopophaga  nigrigenys  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  334  (Rio, 
S.  Paulo)8;  JHERING  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1898,  p.  248  (Iguap6). 

Conopophaga  melanops  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  286  (descr.  d"  9 ; 
Rio);  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1874,  P-  85  (Cantagallo) ;  JEERING,  Rev. 
Mus.  Paul.,  4,  1900,  p.  159  (Cantagallo);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun. 
Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  193  (S.  Paulo  localities). 

C.  melanops  melanops  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  xi,  1905, 
p.  376.  (crit.  on  types  of  P.  melanops  and  C.  nigrogenys;  characters). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  southern  Espirito  Santo  (Rio 
Itabapuana)  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Registo  do  Sai,  Cantagallo,  Petropo- 
lis,  etc.)  to  Sao  Paulo  (Iguape",  Ubatuba,  Alto  da  Serra,  Sao  Sebastiao). 

i:   Brazil  (Rio). 

*  Although  synonymized  by  Lonnberg  with  C.  melanops  auct.   nee   VIEILLOT 
(  =  C.  m.  perspicillata)  from  Bahia,  B.  gularis  is  clearly  referable  to  the  southern 
form,  since  the  black  frontal  band,  so  conspicuous  a  character  in  the  male  of  the 
northern  race,  is  neither  mentioned  in  the  description  ("pileus  totus  rufo-ferrugineus") 
nor  indicated  on  the  plate.  Like  so  many  other  species  described  by  C.  P.  Thunberg, 
the  type  probably  formed  part  of  the  collections  presented  to  the  Upsala  Museum 
by  Westin,  then  Swedish  Consul  at  Rio  de  Janeiro. — C.  E.  H. 

b  I  have  examined  in  the  British  Museum  the  specimens  labelled  "C.  dorsalis." 
Those  described  by  Sclater  as  "males"  are,  without  exception,  from  Bahia,  i.  e.  females 
of  C.  m.  perspicillata,  while  the  alleged  "females"  with  rufous-brown  crown  are  all 
from  Rio,  being  thus  referable  to  C.  m.  melanops. — C.  E.  H. 

•  The  locality  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  is  unquestionably  erroneous. 


34    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Conopophaga  melanops  perspicillata  (Lichtenstein) .    SPECTACLED  GNAT 
EATER. 

Myiothera  perspicillata  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  43 

(Bahia). 
Conopophaga  ruficeps  SWAINSON,  Ornith.  Drawings,  Part  6,  1841,  pi.  67  (=  o"), 

68  (=  9)  (no  locality  given). 
Conopophaga  dorsalis  (not  of  MENETRIES)  BURMEISTER,  System.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras., 

3,  1856,  p.  53  (Bahia);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  333  (part, 

descr.  "o*,"  Bahia;  specimens  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 
Conopophaga  melanops  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  PELZELN,  Ornith.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  92 

("Brasilien"  =  Bahia;  specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  Birds 

Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  334  (Bahia). 
Conopophaga  melanops  perspicillata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,   Bull.   Mus. 

Paris,  n,  1905,  p.  377  (Bahia;  characters  of    9);  JHERING  and  JHERING, 

Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  I,  1907,  p.  193  (Bahia). 
Conopophaga  peruviana  (err.)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  90  (part; 

descr.   9  from  Castelnau's  Voyage  in  Brazil,  erroneously  supposed  to  be  from 

Peru,  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:   Eastern  Brazil  (State  of  Bahia). 

Genus  CORYTHOPIS  Sundevall. 

Corythopis  SUNDEVALL,  Kgl.  Vet.  Akad.  Handl.  for  1835,  1836,  p.  93   (type 

Myiothera  calcarata  WIED). 
Hylocentrites  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,   1901,  p.   126    (type   Hylocentrites 

ambulator  BERTONI). 

*Corythopis  delalandi  (Lesson).   DELALANDE'S  GNAT  EATER. 

Muscicapa  delalandi  LESSON,  Trait6  d'Ornith.,  livr.  5,  end  of  1830,"  p.  392  (the 
types  examined  by  C.  E.  H.  in  the  Paris  Museum  were  obtained  by  Delalande, 
Jr.,  in  the  vicinity  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  se.  Brazil). b 

Myiothera  calcarata  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  1831,*  p.  1101  (no  local- 
ity given;  the  type  in  the  American  Museum  Nat.  Hist,  is  from  se.  Brazil). 

Conopophaga  nigro-cincta  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag. 
Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  1837,  p.  13  (Chiquitos,  e.  Bolivia;  type  examined  in  Paris 
Museum);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage,  Ois.,  p.  187,  pi.  6,  fig.  2  (Santa  Ana  de  Chi- 
quitos); HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  210  (crit.). 

Hylocentrites  ambulator  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Paraguay,  Jan.  1901,  p.  126  (Djagu- 
arasapa,  Alto  Parana,  Paraguay). 

Corythopis  calcarata  BURMEISTER,  System.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  58 
(se.  Brazil);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1858,  p.  287  (se.  Brazil);  PELZELN, 

»  According  to  information  received  from  Dr.  C.  W.  Richmond,  Lesson's  name 
has  apparently  slight  priority.  Wied's  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  Bd.  3,  Abth.  2  is  listed 
among  the  new  books  for  the  quarter  of  April  to  June,  1831,  in  the  Foreign  Quarterly 
Review  (London)  for  that  year,  while  livr.  5  of  Lesson's  "Traite,"  although  its 
exact  date  of  publication  is  in  doubt,  must  have  been  issued  long  before  April  ist., 
as  livr.  6  of  this  work  came  out  about  the  first  of  March,  1831. 

b  Lesson's  description  is  erroneous,  the  upper  parts  of  the  type  specimens  being 
light  brownish  olive  and  by  no  means  "gris  cendr6." — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  35 

Ornith.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  92  (Sapitiba,  Rio  de  Janeiro;  Ypanema,  S.  Paulo; 
Villa  Maria,  Matto  Grosso) ;  Reinhardt,  Vidensk.  Medd.  Naturhist.  Foren., 
1870,  p.  361  (Paracatu,  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas);  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith., 
1874,  P-  85  (Cantagallo,  Rio);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2, 
1889,  p.  256  (Wied's  type);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  335 
(se.  Brazil;  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso) ;  Allen,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  5, 
1893,  p.  121  (Chapada);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  1900,  p.  159  (Canta- 
gallo); SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  1900,  p.  18  (Tebi- 
cuari,  Paraguay);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  n,  1905, 
P-  377  (crit.  on  types  in  Paris  Museum);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  F. 
Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  194  (Itapurd,  Rio  Feio,  S.  Paulo;  Chapada);  CHUBB,  Ibis, 
1910,  p.  518  (Sapucay,  Paraguay);  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  1914, 
p.  325  (Santa  Ana,  Misiones);  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Fran?.  d'Orn.,  No.  114, 
1918,  p.  317  (Villa  Lutetia,  near  San  Ignacio,  Misiones);  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  210  (range). 

Carythopis  calcarata  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  1914,  p.  50  (Paraguay,  Iguassu). 
Range:   Southern  Brazil  (in  states  of  Bahia,  Minas  Geraes,  Matto 
Grosso,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Sao  Paulo),  eastern  Bolivia  (Chiquitos),  Para- 
guay and  northeastern  Argentina  (Misiones). 

i:   Brazil  (Fazenda  Cayoa,  Rio  Paranapanema,  S.  Paulo). 
Corythopis  torquata  torquata  Tschudi.  TSCHUDI'S  RINGED  GNAT  EATER. 

Corythopis  torquata  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  1844,  p.  279  ("Peru"; 
type  in  Neuchatel  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H. ;  as  type  locality  we  desig- 
nate Chanchamayo  valley,  Dept.  Junin);  idem,  Fauna  Peruana,  Aves,  1846, 
p.  177  (Peru);  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Ornith.,  53,  1905,  p.  16 
(crit.  on  type;  S.  Mateo,  n.  Bolivia). 

Corythopis  humivagans  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  136  (Amable 
Maria,  Chanchamayo  Dist.,  Peru),  531  (same  locality). 

Corythopis  anthoides  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  34  (Huambo,  certe; 
(?)  Yurimaguas,  n.  Peru);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  335 
(part;  specimen  o,  Huambo). 

Corythopis  anthoides  humivagans  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  91 
(Amable  Maria,  Huambo);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
p.  386  (La  Gloria). 

Corythopis  torquata  anthoides  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Ornith.,  53, 
i905t  P-  17  (part;  Huayabamba,  Huambo,*  certe;  (?)  Yurimaguas,  Chami- 
curos,  Rio  Huallaga). 

Corythopis  torquata  torquata  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  210  (nw.  Bolivia 
and  Peru). 

•  More  satisfactory  material  that  came  to  hand  since  our  note  was  published  in 
Jour.  Ornith.  for  1905,  p.  16-17,  shows  the  birds  from  n.  Peru  (Huayabamba  Valley) 
to  be  undoubtedly  referable  to  the  large  form  described  by  Tschudi  as  C.  torquata. 
Two  adult  males,  while  not  quite  as  large  as  the  type,  agree  in  measurements  with 
other  birds  of  the  same  sex  from  Chuchurras  (Huanuco)  and  S.  Mateo,  n.  Bolivia. 
The  tone  of  the  upper  parts  in  different  individuals  varies  quite  as  much  as  in  the 
allied  C.  t.  anthoides  and  C.  t.  sarayacuensis;  but  the  pileum  in  C.  t.  torquata  is  always 
brown  like  the  back,  just  a  little  duller. 


36    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Northwestern  Bolivia  (Rio  San  Mateo,  Yungas  of  Cocha- 
bamba)  and  Peru  (La  Gloria,  Amable  Maria,  Chanchamayo  dist.; 
Chuchurras,  Dept.  Hudnuco;  Huambo,  Huayabamba,  Dept.  Ama- 
zonas).» 

Corythopis  torquata  sarayacuensis  Chubb*  AMAZONIAN  RINGED  GNAT 
EATER. 

Corythopis  torquata  sarayacuensis  CHUBB,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  38,  Mar.  4,  1918,  p.  48 
(Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Corythopis  anthoides  (not  of  PUCHERAN)  PELZELN,  Ornith.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  92 
(part;  Borba,  Rio  Icanna);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  335 
(part;  specimen  p,  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov. 
Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  80  (Nericagua,  Rio  Orinoco;  La  Pricion,  Nicare,  Caura  R., 
Venezuela). 

Corythopis  torquata  antho'ides  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Ornith.,  53, 
i9°5i  P-  i?  (part;  Borba,  R.  Icanna,  R.  Negro;  Nericagua,  Orinoco  R., 
Caura  R.;  (?)  Chamicuros,  Yurimaguas,  ne.  Peru);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
14,  1907,  p.  392  (Humaytha);  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  372  (Calama,  Jamarysinho, 
Rio  Madeira;  Maroins,  R.  Machados);  CHERRIE,  Sci.  Bull.  Brookl.  Mus.,  2, 
1916,  p.  293  (Nericagua;  La  Union,  Caura  R.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28, 
1921,  p.  210  (part;  Rio  Negro,  Rio  Madeira,  Venezuela,  e.  Ecuador,  se.  Col- 
ombia). 

Adult  males  of  the  various  races  measure  as  follows: 

C.  /.  torquata  Wing  Tail 

i  Chanchamayo  (type)  ^6^  64^ 

1  Chuchurras,  Huanuco  73  57 

2  Huayabamba,  Amazonas  7i#,  73  56,  58  # 
i  S.  Mateo,  n.  Bolivia                                            71^  57 

C.  t.  sarayacuensis 

i  Nericagua,  Orinoco,  Venezuela  65^  53 

i  Nicare,  Caura  River,  Venezuela  68  55 

i  Rio  Icanna,  R.  Negro,  nw.  Brazil  65  52 

3  Rio  Madeira  (Borba,  Calama,  etc.)  65, 66#,  69  51, 52*  53# 

1  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador  (type)  65  53 

C.  t.  anthoides 

2  French  Guiana  67,  68  53,  54 

1  Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana  67^  52 

2  Para  District,  n.  Brazil  64,  69  49i_54 

E.  H. 


•  Specimens  from  the  lower  Huallaga  (Yurimaguas,  Chamicuros)  most  probably 
belong  to  C.  /.  sarayacuensis.  No  material  is  available. 

b  C.  torquata  sarayacuensis:  Distinguishable  from  C.  t.  anthoides  by  having  the 
pileum  olive  or  rufescent  brown  like  the  back,  instead  of  slate-gray.  Six  specimens 
from  the  Rio  Madeira,  one  male  Rio  Icanna,  one  female  Rio  Putumayo  (se. 
Colombia),  two  "Bogota"  skins,  one  male  Nericagua  (R.  Orinoco),  one  female  Caura 
and  the  type  from  Sarayacu  differ  in  the  color  of  the  crown  from  a  good  series  from 
French  and  British  Guiana  and  the  Para  District,  while  a  male  from  Nicare,  Caura, 
points  slightly  towards  C.  t.  anthoides  to  which  a  single  female  from  Manaos  seems 
actually  to  belong. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  37 

Range :  Amazonia,  from  the  basin  of  the  Caura  (La  Union,  La  Pri- 
cion,  Nicare)  and  Orinoco  (Nericagua)  west  to  the  eastern  slope  of  the 
Andes  in  Colombia  (Cuembi,  Rio  Putumayo)  and  Ecuador  (Sarayacu), 
south  through  northwestern  Brazil  (upper  Rio  Negro  and  tributaries) 
to  the  Rio  Madeira  (Borba,  Calama,  Humaytha,  Jamarysinho)  and  its 
affluent,  the  Rio  Machados  (Maroins).s 

Corythopis  torquata  anthoides  (Pucker an).  GUIANAN  RINGED  GNAT 
EATER. 

Musicapa  anthoides  (Cuvier  Ms.)  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  d'Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  7, 
I&55,  P-  334  (Cayenne;  type  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Corythopis  anthoides  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1858,  p.  288  (Cayenne);  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  577  (Para);  PELZELN,  Ornith.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  92 
(part;  [Barra  do]  Rio  Negro  =  Mandos) ;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  430  (Brit. 
Guiana) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  335  (part;  spec,  a-m, 
Surinam,  Cayenne,  British  Guiana,  Para). 

Corythopis  torquata  anthoides  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Ornith.,  53, 
I9°5»  P-  i?  (part;  Cayenne,  Brit.  Guiana,  Surinam,  Para,  Manaos);  HELL- 
MAYR, Nov.  Zool.,  12,  1905,  p.  293  (Igarap6-Assti,  Pard);  idem,  1.  c.,  13, 
1906,  p.  373  (S.  Antonio);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  n, 
1905,  P-  3?8  (Cayenne,  Camopi,  Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa);  SNETHLAGE, 
Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  288  (S.  Antonio,  Pard);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool., 
15,  1908,  p.  164  (Ipousin,  R.  Approuague);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math, 
phys.  Kl.  Bayer.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  93  (Pard,  Igarap6-Assu, 
S.  Antonio);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  263  (Providencia, 
Ananindeua,  S.  Antonio,  Pard  Dist.;  Obidos);  Hellmayr,  Nov.  Zool.,  28, 
1921  p.  210  (part;  Guianas);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  3 
(British  Guiana). 

Corythopsis  anthoides  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  1904,  p.  177  (Camopi, 
French  Guiana);  BEEBE,  Tropical  Wild  Life,  i,  1917,  p.  132  (Bartica  Grove). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana,  north  bank  of  lower 
Amazon  (Obidos,  Mandos)  and  Pard  District. 

Family  FORMICARIIDAE. 

ANTBIRDS. 

Subfamily  FORMICARIINAE. 

Genus  CYMBILAIMUS  Gray. 

CymbUaimus  GRAY,  List  Gen.  Birds,  1840,  p.  36  (type  by  orig.  desig.  Lanius 
lineatus  LEACH). 

•  Birds  from  the  lower  Huallaga  (Chamicuros,  Yurimaguas)  are  probably  also 
referable  to  C.  t.  sarayacuensis.  We  have  not  seen  specimens  from  either  of  these 
places. 


38    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Cymbilaimus  lineatus  lineatus  (Leach).  BANDED  BUSH  SHRIKE. 

Lanius  lineatus  LEACH,  Zool.  Misc.,  i,  1814,  p.  20,  pi.  6  (Berbice,  Brit.  Guiana). 

Cymbilanius  lineatus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  74  (part;  Barra  =  Mandos) ; 
SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  423  (Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  178  (part;  Guiana,  Camacusa,  Bartica  Grove, 
Maroni  R.,  Cayenne);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  150  (Ipousin, 
R.  Approuague);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  266  (part;  Rio 
Jary,  Rio  Jamundd  [Far6],  n.  bank  of  lower  Amazons*). 

Cymbilanius  lineatus  lineatus  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  1917, 
p.  495  (crit.,  Guianas). 

Cymbilaimus  lineatus  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  6  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Cymbilaimus  lineatus  lineatus  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62, 
No.  2,  1918,  p.  66  (Lelydorp,  Dutch  Guiana). 

Range :  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana,  south  to  north  bank  of 
lower  Amazon  (Rio  Jary,  Rio  Jamunda,  Manaos). 

5:   British  Guiana  (Demerara  R.  2,  Mazaruni  R.  3). 

*Cymbilaimus  lineatus  intermedius  (Hartert  and  Goodson).    AMAZON- 
IAN BUSH  SHRIKE^ 

Cymbilanius  lineatus  intermedius  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  No.  3, 
Dec.  1917,  p.  495  (Amazonia  from  the  Rio  Tapaj6z  to  Peru,  and  Caura 
River,  Venezuela;  type  from  Humaytha,  left  bank  of  Rio  Madeira,  Brazil). 

•  Birds  from  Macujubim,  w.  Maraj6,  which  I  have  not  seen,  may  likewise  be 
referable  to  the  typical  race.  A  male  (in  first  annual  plumage)  from  Far6  (Rio 
Jamunda)  is  an  extreme  example  of  C.  I.  lineatus,  having  the  entire  upper  part  of  the 
head  even  more  decidedly  barred  with  white  than  the  majority  of  Guianan 
specimens. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Cymbilaimus  lineatus  intermedius  (HARTERT  and  GOODSON):  Differs  from 
C.  I.  lineatus  only  by  the  uniform  black  crown  and  nape  of  the  male  and  the  rufous 
instead  of  buffy  tail-bands  of  the  female. 

The  individual  variation,  in  members  of  this  genus,  is  much  greater  than  Hartert 
and  Goodson  imagined.  With  28  C.  I.  lineatus  from  the  Guianas  and  29  C.  I.  inter- 
medius from  Amazonia  and  the  Caura  basin  before  me,  I  fail  to  see  between  the  two 
series  the  slightest  difference  in  the  amount  or  width  of  the  black  and  white  bars 
on  upper  or  lower  parts.  I  notice,  however,  that  males  of  the  former  have  the  top 
of  the  head  more  of  less  distinctly,  though  narrowly  barred  with  white,  while  in  the 
females  the  transverse  bands  on  the  rectrices  are  pale  buff  or  even  dingy  whitish.  A 
male  from  Far6  (Rio  Jamunda)  is  an  extreme  example  of  C.  I.  lineatus  which,  thus, 
ranges  south  to  the  north  bank  of  the  Amazons.  Males  from  Santarem  (8),  w. 
Mattogrosso  (i),  n.  Peru  (i)  and  the  Caura  River,  Venezuela  (3),  on  the  other  hand, 
have  the  top  of  the  head  solidly  black,  the  forehead  only  being  streaked  or  mixed 
with  white,  and  the  tail-bands  of  the  females  are  decidedly  rufescent,  sometimes 
even  bright  cinnamon-rufous.  Females  from  Boim  (left  bank  of  Tapaj6z)  and  the  Rio 
Roosevelt  are  deep  ochreous  buff  beneath,  agreeing  in  this  respect  with  dark  bellied 
examples  from  French  and  British  Guiana,  whereas  eight  females  from  Santarem 
(right  bank  of  the  Tapaj6z)  are  generally  paler,  light  buff  or  creamy  white  on  the 
under  parts.  This  apparent  divergency  loses,  however,  much  of  its  weight  in  view 
of  the  fact  that  in  a  series  of  four  females  from  the  Caura,  one  is  even  darker  than 
those  from  Boim  and  Rio  Roosevelt,  one  fully  as  pale  as  the  lightest-bellied  from 
Santarem,  while  the  two  remaining  ones  are  not  distinguishable  from  the  Guianan 
average.  Their  tail-bands  are  decidedly  rufescent  as  in  Amazonian  specimens.  The 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  39 

CymbUanius  lineatus,  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1854,  p.  112  (Quijos,  e.  Ecuador); 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1866,  p.  566  (Nauta);  idem,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  978 
(Pebas);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  272  (Pebas,  Nauta);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  a, 
1868,  p.  74  (part;  Borba;  Marabitanas,  R.  Negro);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1874,  p.  529  (Monterico);  idem,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  i  (Peru); 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  a,  1889,  p.  74  (Rio  Napo);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  Birds  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  178  (part;  e.  Ecuador;  Ega;  Pebas,  Nauta, 
Iquitos,  Cosnipata,  Peru);  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  28  (San- 
tarem);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  27 
(Rio  Santiago,  e.  Ecuador);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902, 
p.  68  (La  Pricion,  Nicare,  Suapure,  Caura  River,  Venez.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  60  (Teff6),  369  (Humaytha,  Paraiso,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira); 
idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  336  (Calama,  Allianca,  Rio  Madeira);  SNETHLAGE, 
Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  530  (Alcobaca,  Tocantins);  idem,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  266  (part;  Tocantins,  Xingti,  Santarem,  R.  Tapaj<5z, 
R.  Jamauchim). 

CymbUaimus  lineatus  lineatus  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916, 
p.  275  (Suapure,  La  Union,  Caura);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  363  (Florencia,  La  Murelia,  se.  Colombia). 

Thamnophilus  radiatus  (err.)  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  439  (Rio 
Jurua;  9  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Amazonia,  from  the  Tocantins  westward;  in  Brazil  only 
south  of  the  Amazon,  ranging  as  far  south  as  western  Matto  Grosso 
(Roosevelt  River  and  Morinho  Lyra) ;  Peru;  northward  through  eastern 
Ecuador  to  eastern  Colombia  (Caquetd  region)  and  east  to  the  upper 
Rio  Negro  (Marabitanas)  and  the  Caura  River,  Venezuela;  (?)  north- 
eastern Colombia  (El  Tambor,  Rio  Lebrija). 

4:  Peru  (Rioja  2,  Huachipa  2). 

*Cymbilaimus  lineatus  fasciatus  (Ridgway).  FASCIATED  BUSH  SHRIKE.* 

Cymbilanius  lineatus  fasciatus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  6,  April  1884,  p.  404 
(Los  Sabalos,  Nicaragua);  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1157  (Condoto, 
w.  Colombia);  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  No.  6, 
1922,  p.  206  (Jesu^ito,  Dariep). 

tone  of  the  cross-bars  on  back  and  wings  likewise  varies,  females  from  Boim,  w. 
Mattogrosso,  Peru,  and  e.  Colombia  being,  as  a  rule,  brighter  ochreous  than  those 
from  Santarem  which  agree  with  lineatus  from  the  Guianas,  while  the  Caura  birds 
in  this  respect,  too,  are  extremely  variable. 

Three  adult  males  and  an  immature  one  from  El  Tambor,  Rio  Lebrija,  San  lander, 
e.  Colombia,  in  the  Carnegie  Museum  appear  to  be  referable  to  C.  I.  intermedius 
rather  than  to  C.  I.  fasciatus,  although  additional  material,  especially  females,  should 
be  examined  to  make  sure  of  their  identification. — C.  E.  H. 

•  CymbUaimus  lineatus  fasciatus  is  an  ill-defined  race,  differing  from  lineatus  and 
intermedius  by  averaging  larger  with  a  stronger,  more  powerful  bill  and  by  gener- 
ally broader  black  bars  underneath,  especially  on  the  throat.  Females,  in  their 
rufescent  tail-bands,  closely  resemble  those  of  intermedius  but  are  as  a  rule  more 
strongly  barred  below.  Unlike  the  eastern  forms,  the  upper  part  of  the  head  in 
the  adult  male  of  fasciatus  is  variable,  being  either  uniform  black  as  in  intermedius 
or  barred  with  white  as  in  lineatus. 


40    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cymbilanius  lineatus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  178  (part; 
Costa  Rica  to  Panama);  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  492  (Cachabi, 
n.  Ecuador). 

Cymbilaimus  lineatus  fasciatus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  19 
(monogr.,  synonymy  excl.  references  to  Peruvian  and  e.  Ecuadorian  locali- 
ties); CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  363  (Novita, 
Noanama,  Barbacoas,  w.  Colombia);  STONE,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  70,  1918, 
p.  259  (Gatun,  Panama). 

Cymbilanius  lineatus  subsp.  nov.  ?,  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24, 
1917,  p.  495  (nw.  Ecuador).* 

Range:  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica  and  Panama,  southward  through 
western  Colombia  (Pacific  lowlands)6  to  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  north- 
western Ecuador. 

3:  Costa  Rica  (Guayabo  2),  Ecuador  (Cayapas  i). 

Genus  HYPOEDALEUS  Cabanis  and  Heine. 

Hypoedaleus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Heinean.,  2,  1859,  p.  18  (type  Tham- 
nophilus  guttatus  VIEILLOT). 

*Hypoedaleus  guttatus  (  Vieillot).  VIEILLOT'S  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  guttatus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  3,  1816, 
p.  315  ('TAmerique  me'ridionale" — we  designate  Rio  de  Janeiro,  se.  Brazil 
as  type  locality;  type  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  PUCHERAN, 
Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855,  p.  353  (crit.  on  type);  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2, 
1825,  p.  25,  pi.  35,  fig.  i  (=9)  (Prov.  Sao  Paulo);  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg. 
Bras.,  3  (2),  1831,  p.  1019  (Aracatiba  and  Coroaba,  Rio  Espirito  Santo; 
Minas,  "Bahia");  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1858,  p.  208  (monogr.);  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  75  (Registo  do  Sai,  Rio  de  Janeiro;  Ypanema,  Porto 
do  Rio  Parana,  S.  Paulo);  REINHARDT,  Videnskab.  Meddel.  naturh.  Foren. 
Kjobenh.,  1870,  p.  373  (Lagoa  Santa  and  Sete  Lagoas,  Minas  Geraes;  Cam- 
pinas and  Araraquara,  S.  Paulo;  Rio  de  Janeiro);  HAMILTON,  Ibis,  1871, 
p.  304  (Itapetininga,  S.  Paulo);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  182 
(se.  Brazil);  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  Humming  Bird,  2,  1892,  p.  44  (Porto 
Real,  Rio  de  Janeiro);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  235  (Iguapfi, 
S.  Paulo);  idem,  1.  c.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Cantagallo) ;  JHERING,  Annuario  Est. 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul  para  o  anno  1900,  1899,  p.  130  ("Lagoa  dos  Patos,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul");  BERTONI,  Anal.  Soc.  Cient.  Argent.,  75,  1913,  p.  88  (Iguazu, 
Misiones);  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  1914,  p.  326  (Paraguay,  Misiones). 

•  With  25  specimens  from  Central  America  (Nicaragua  to  Panama)  and  14  from 
w.  Colombia  (Andagoya,  Condoto,  Noanama,  N6vita,  Barbacoas)  and  nw.  Ecuador 
(Cayapas,  Pambilar,  Bulun)  before  me  I  am  unable  to  corroborate  the  distinctness 
of  the  southern  birds.  In  coloration  they  are  absolutely  identical  and  there  does  not 
appear  to  be  any  difference  in  size  either. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Owing  to  lack  of  material,  I  am  unable  to  make  out  whether  birds  from  Reme- 
dios  and  Neche,  Antioquia  (Cymbilanius  lineatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  p.  524)  pertain  to  fasciatus  or  some  other  race. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  41 

Hypoedaleus  guttatus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  22,  1874,  p.  86  (Cantagallo,  Rio); 

OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  25,  1902,  p.  131  (Sapucay,  Paraguay;  "Rio 

Grande  do  Sul");  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  r,  1907,  p.  195 

(S.  Paulo;  Ourinho,  Parana;  Esp.  Santo);  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,   1914, 

p.  50  (Alto  Parana). 
Lanius  meleager  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  46  (Sao 

Paulo). 
Thamnophilus  Meleager  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  91 

(S.  Paulo,  Minas  Geraes,  "Bahia"). 
Thamnophilus  maculatus  SUCH,  Zool.  Journ.,  i,  No.  4,  Jan.  1825,  p.  557,  suppl. 

pi.  6  ( =  o* )  ("That  part  of  Brazil  where  it  rises  from  the  low  plains  of  Goay- 

tacazes  to  the  elevated  surface  of  the  province  of  Minas  Geraes"). 
Lanius  maculatus  (Cuvier  Ms.)  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855, 

p.  327  (types  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  the  cf  is  from  an 

unknown  locality,  presumably  Brazil,   the    9    was  obtained  at    Rio    de 

Janeiro  by  Delalande,  Jr.). 
Thamnophilus  Rodriguezianus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  Jan.   1901,  p.  137 

(Alto  Parana,  Paraguay). 
Thamnophilus  guttatus  rodriguezianus  CHUBB,   Ibis,    1910,   p.   519    (Sapucay, 

Ibitimi,  Paraguay). 
Hypoedaleus  guttatus  rodriguezianus  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,   i,   1919,  p.   263 

(Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones). 

Range :  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Espirito  Santo  and  Minas  Geraes 
south  to  Santa  Catharina,a  ranging  west  to  Prov.  Misiones,  north- 
eastern Argentina,  and  Paraguay.15 

10 :  Brazil  (Victoria  3,  Sao  Sebastiao  2,  Faz.  Cayod,  Sao  Paulo  4, 
Porto  Real,  Rio  i). 

Genus  BATARA  Lesson. 

Batara  LESSON,  Trait6  d'Orn.,  livr.  5,  1831,  p.  347  (type  by  subs,  desig.,  GRAY, 
1855,  Thamnophilus  undulatus  MIKAN  =  Thamnophilus  cinereus  VIEILLOT). 

Thamnarchus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  19  (type  Tham- 
nophilus cinereus  VIEILLOT). 

*Batara  cinerea  cinerea  (  Vieillot).   CINEREOUS  BUSH  SHRIKE. 

Tamnophttus  cinereus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  35,  1819, 

p.  200  (  =  c?)  ("Br6sil,"  sc.  Rio  de  Janeiro). 
Tamnophilus  rufus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.f  35,  1819, 

p.  200  (=9)  ("Bresil";  type  in  Paris  Museum,  obtained  by  Delalande,  Jr., 

near  Rio  de  Janeiro,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

•  The  reported  occurrence  in  "Rio  Grande  do  Sul"  requires  confirmation. 

b  On  comparing  ten  specimens  from  Paraguay  with  fifteen  from  se.  Brazil,  I  fail 
to  discover  the  slightest  difference,  the  lower  abdomen  being  exactly  of  the  same 
shade  in  the  two  series.  The  seemingly  lesser  extent  of  the  ochreous  color  in  the 
Paraguayan  birds  is  evidently  due  to  the  peculiar  make  of  W.  Foster's  skins. — C.E.H. 


43    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Lanius  undulatus  MIKAN,  Del.  Faun,  et  Flor.  Bras.,  1820,  pi. — (Brasilia;  the 
types  in  the  Vienna  Museum  were  taken  by  Natterer  at  Ypanema,  S.  Paulo). 

Thamnophilus  cristatellus  VIEILLOT,  Tabl.  encycl.  m6th.,  livr.  91,  1822,  p.  749 
(new  name  for  Tamnophilus  rufus  VIEILLOT). 

Vanga  striata  QUOY  and  GAIMARD  in  Freycinet,  Voyage  "Uranie"  et  "Physi- 
cienne,"  Zoo!.,  livr.  3,  Aug.  1824,  p.  98,  99,  pi.  18  ( =  d1),  19  ( =  9 )  ("le  Bresil," 
sc.  Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Thamnophilus  Vigorsii  SUCH,  Zool.  Journ.,  i,  No.  4,  Jan.  1825,  p.  557,  suppl. 
pi.  7  (=  9),  8  (=  o")  (se.  Brazil,  near  Goaytacazes  [  =  Campos],  Prov.  Rio 
de  Janeiro). 

Thamnophilus  gigas  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  2,  1837,  P-  220  (new  name  for 
Vanga  striata  QUOY  and  GAIMARD). 

Batara  striata  LESSON,  Trait6  d'Ornith.,  1830,  p.  347  (Mandiocca,  Prov.  Rio  de 
Janeiro). 

Thamnophilus  undulatus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tlbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  89 
(Novo  Friburgo,  Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Batara  cinerea  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1858,  p.  207  (monogr.;  "Minas,"  S.  Paulo, 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  74  (Ypanema,  S.  Paulo; 
Curytiba,  Parand);  BERLEPSCH  and  JHERING,  Zeitschr.  ges.  Ornith.,  2,  1885, 
p.  147  (Taquara,  Arroio  Grande,  Linha  Piraja,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul) ;  JHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  234  (Iguap6,  Piracicaba,  Sao  Paulo);  idem,  1.  c.f 
4,  1900,  p.  158  (Novo  Friburgo);  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul 
para  1900,  1899,  p.  130  (Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo);  JHERING  and  JHERING, 
Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  194  (Itarar6,  S.  Paulo;  Novo  Hamburgo,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul);  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  1914,  p.  325  (part;  Santa  Ana 
Misiones);  CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Scient.  Varsovie,  5, 1912,  p.  477, 
496  (Vera  Guarany,  Parand). 

Range:    Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  south  to  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul,a  west  to  northeastern  Argentina  (Prov.  Misiones). 
3:  Brazil  (Rio  i),  Argentina  (Misiones  2). 

Batara  cinerea  argentina  Shipton.b  WESTERN  CINEREOUS  BUSH  SHRIKE. 

Batara  cinerea  argentina  SHIPTON,  Physis,  4,  No.  16,  May  1918,  p.  106  (San 

Lorenzo,  Jujuy,  nw.  Argentina);  idem,  El  Hornero,  i,  No.  2,  1918,  p.  114 

(San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy;  Salta). 
Batara  cinerea  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.  B.  Aires,  I,  No.  2,  Feb.  1909,  p.  23 

(Jujuy);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  18,  1910,  p.  282  (Salta); 

idem,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  I,  No.  6,  1914,  p.  325  (part;  Salta). 

Range :  Northwestern  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Jujuy  and  Salta. 

•  The  locality  "Rio  Claro,"  is  erroneously  identified  (in  the  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.) 
with  the  river  in  the  State  of  Goyaz  while  it  actually  refers  to  the  city  of  that  name 
in  S.  Paulo.  I  do  not  find  any  reliable  record  for  the  occurrence  of  B.  c.  cinerea 
in  Minas  Geraes  either. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Batara  cinerea  argentina:  Claimed  to  differ  from  B.  c.  cinerea  by  smaller  size 
(wing  (c?)  115,  (9)  no;tail  (d")  165,  (9)  140;  bill  32  mm.),  by  having  the  light  and 
blackish  bands  on  wings  and  tail  more  numerous  as  well  as  more  closely  set,  and  by 
the  greater  extent  of  the  ochraceous  color  on  top  of  head  in  the  female  sex. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  43 

Genus  MACKENZIAENA  Chubb. 

Mackenziaena  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (gth  set.),  a,  1918,  p.  123   (type 

Thamnophilus  leachii  SUCH). 
Lochites  (not  of  GISTEL   1848)   CABANIS  and  HEINE,   Mus.   Hein.,  2,  1859, 

p.  1 8  (type  by  subs,  desig.,  SCLATER,  1890,  Thamnophilus  severus  LICHTEN- 

STEIN). 
Picrotes  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (9th  ser.),  2,  1918,  p.  123  (new  name  for 

Lochites  CABANIS  and  HEINE). 
(?)  Othello  REICHENBACH,  Av.  Syst.  Nat.,  1850,  pi.  71  (no  type  specified).* 

Mackenziaena  leachii  (Such).   LEACH'S  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  leachii  SUCH,  Zool.  Journ.,  i,  No.  4,  Jan.  1825,  p.  558  (=d") 
(vicinity  of  Goaytacazes  (  =  Campos),  Prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro);  JARDINE  and 
SELBY,  Illus.  Ornith.,  3,  Apr.  1828,  pi.  41  (=  o")  (Brazil;  coll.  SUCH);  BUR- 
MEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  90  (New  Freiburg;  descr.  and 
range);  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  614  (Concepcion,  Misiones). 

Thamnophilus  leachi  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1858,  p.  207  (descr.  and  range); 
PELZELN,  Orn,  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  74  (Mattodentro,  Marmeleiro,  Ypanema, 
S.  Paulo;  Curytiba  and  Campo  Comprido,  Parana);  BERLEPSCH  and  JHER- 
ING,  Zeitschr.  ges.  Ornith.,  2,  1885,  p.  147  (Taquara,  Arroio  Grande,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Argent.  Ornith.,  i,  1888,  p.  202 
(Misiones);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  181  (Rio  de  Janeiro; 
Santa  F6,  Minas  Geraes;  S.  Paulo;  Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  JHERING,  Rev. 
Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  235  (Iporanga,  S.  Paulo);  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul  para  o  anno  1900,  1899,  p.  130  (Mundo  Novo,  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul);  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  195  (Iporanga,  Itararg,  S.  Paulo; 
Itatiaya,  Minas);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  18,  1910,  p.  282 
(Misiones);  CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Scient.  Varsovie,  5,  1912, 
p.  477,  496  (Vera  Guarany,  Parana);  BERTONI,  Rev.  Inst.  Parag.,  1907, 
p.  —  (Sep.  p.  6)  (Puerto  Bertoni,  Iguazu). 

Thamnophilus  ruficeps  SUCH,  Zool.  Journ.,  i,  No.  4,  Jan.  1825,  p.  559  (=9) 
(vicinity  of  Campos,  Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Lanius  funebris  (Cuvier  Ms.)  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855, 
p.  324  (no  locality  given). 

Thamnophilus  leachi  var.  minor  PELZELN,  Nunquam  otiosus,  2,  1874,  ?•  29* 
(Novo  Friburgo,  Rio). 

Lochites  leachi  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  19  ("Monte- 
video"; Brazil). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  southern 
Minas  Geraes  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  and  northeastern  Argentina 
(Misiones). 

•  Gray  (Cat.  Gen.  and  Subgen.  Birds,  1855,  p.  61)  designates  Thamnophilus 
luctuosus  LICHTENSTEIN  as  genotype.  However,  Reichenbach  s  figures  do  not  cor- 
respond with  the  characters  of  this  bird  and  are  more  likely  to  have  been  taken 
from  Lanius  severus  LICHTENSTEIN.  (See  also  Cabanis  and  Heine,  Mus.  Hein. 
2,  1859,  p.  19,  footnote  *). 


44    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Mackenziaena  unduliger  (Pelzelri)*  UNDULATED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  unduliger  PELZELN,  Ornith.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  75,  139  (Mara- 
bitarlas,  Rio  Negro;  S.  Boaventura,  Rio  Icanna;  types  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  272 
(Chamicuros,  Xeberos,  n.  Peru);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  2 
(same  localities);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  182  (Rio  Ucayali, 
Chamicuros,  Xeberos,  Peru;  Rio  Copotaza,  e.  Ecuador);  JEERING  and 
JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  195  (range);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  268  (descr.,  range). 

Thamnophilus  fuliginosus  (err.)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867, 
P-  750,  755  (Xeberos,  Peru). 

Taraba  unduliger  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  364 
(La  Morelia,  se.  Colombia). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  northwestern  Brazil  (upper  Rio 
Negro  and  its  affluents)  and  southeastern  Colombia  (Caquetd  region) 
south  through  eastern  Ecuador  to  northern  Peru  (Dept.  Loreto). 

*Mackenziaena  severa  (Lichtensteiri) .   SOOTY  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Lanius  severus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  45,  46  (San 
Paulo). 

Thamnophilus  niger  SUCH,  Zool.  Journ.,  i,  No.  4,  Jan.  1825,  p.  559  (=  o")  (vicin- 
ity of  Goaytacazes  (  =  Campos),  Prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Thamnophilus  Swainsonii  SUCH,  Zool.  Journ.,  i,  No.  4,  Jan.  1825,  p.  556,  suppl. 
pi.  5  ( =  9 )  (vicinity  of  Campos,  Prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Thamnophilus  Othello  LESSON,  Centurie  Zool.,  1831,  p.  65,  pi.  19  (d*)  ("du 
Br6siT). 

Batara  othello  LESSON,  Traitd  d'Ornith.,  end  of  1830,  p.  347  ("du  Bresil"). 

Thamnophilus  severus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  90  (descr. 
and  range) ;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1858,  p.  208  (descr.  and  range) ;  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras.,  3,  1868,  p.  75  (Mattodentro,  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo);  BER- 
LEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1873,  p.  254  (Blumenau,  Santa  Catharina);  idem, 
and  JHERING,  Zeitschr.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  1885,  p.  147  (Arroio  Grande,  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  183  (descr.;  se.  Brazil); 
JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  236  (Piracicaba,  Yporanga,  Sao 
Paulo);  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  para  1900,  1899,  p.  130, 
(Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Cantagallo) ; 
idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  195  (Piracicaba,  Botucatu,  Alto  da  Serra, 
Yporanga,  Itarar6,  Itapura,  Ubatuba,  Rio  Feio,  Sao  Paulo);  DABBENE, 
Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  1914,  p.  326  (Santa  Ana,  Misiones);  MENEGAUX,  Rev. 
Frang.  d'Orn.,  10,  No.  114,  1918,  p.  317  (Villa  Lutetia,  Misiones). 

Lochites  severus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1874,  P-  236  (Cantagallo);  BERTONI, 
Faun.  Parag.,  1914,  p.  59  (Alto  Parana). 

•  An  earlier  name  is  probably  Thamnophilus  brevirostris  LAFRESNAYE  (Rev. 
Zool.,  7,  1844,  p.  82:  "Colombie"=  Bogota).  Unfortunately,  the  type  is  not  any 
longer  to  be  found  in  the  Lafresnaye  Collection,  now  in  Museum  of  Comparative 
Zoology,  Cambridge  (Outram  Bangs  in  litt.). — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  45 

Thamnophilus  Lahilleanus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  Jan.  1901,  p.  135  (Alto 
Parand,  e.  Paraguay). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  to  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul,  and  adjoining  parts  of  Paraguay  (Alto  Parand)  and  Argentina 
(Misiones)." 

i:   Brazil  (Victoria,  Sao  Paulo  i). 

Genus  FREDERICKENA  Chubb. 

Frederickena  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  foth  ser.),  2,  July  1918,  p.  123 
(type  by  orig.  desig.  Thamnophilus  viridis  VIEILLOT). 

*Frederickena  viridis  (  Vieillof).   CRESTED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  viridis  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  3,  1816, 
p.  318  ("I'Amenque  meridionale,"  we  accept  Cayenne  as  type  locality;  =  9, 
erroneously  described;  type  examined  in  Paris  Museum  by  C.  E.  H.); 
PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855,  p.  354  (crit.);  MENEGAUX  and 
HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  24  (crit.);  BER- 
LEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  151  (Cayenne);  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  I, 
1917,  p.  132  (Bartica  Grove). 

Lanius  lunulatus  (Cuvier  Ms.)  LESSON,  Trait6  d'Orn.,  end  of  1830,  p.  375,  pi.  45, 
fig.  2  (=9)  (Cayenne;  type  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 
PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855,  p.  327  (Cayenne;  descr.  9). 

Thamnophilus  lunulatus  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Philos.  Journ.,  (new  ser.),  I, 
1855,  p.  232  (Cayenne);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  423  (Bartica  Grove,  Cama- 
cusa,  Brit.  Guiana);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  No/.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  68 
(Suapure,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.  ,2, 
1916,  p.  275  (Suapure). 

Thamnophilus  fuliginosus  GOULD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  5,  Feb.  1838,  p.  80  (Demerara; 
descr.  o"  and  9);  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Philos.  Journ.,  (new  ser.),  i,  1855, 
p.  234  (Brit.  Guiana;  descr.  d",  9);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1858,  p.  208  (descr. 
and  range) ;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 1890,  p.  183  (Cayenne,  Brit.  Guiana). 

Frederickena  viridis  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  9  (Ituribisi  River, 
Supenaam,  Bartica,  Bonasica,  Makauria,  Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana). 

Range:  French  and  British  Guiana;  eastern  Venezuela  (Caura 
Valley). 

2 :   Mazaruni  River,  British  Guiana. 

Genus  TARABA  Lesson. 

Taraba  LESSON,  TraitS  d'Orn.,  livr.  5,  1830,  p.  375  (type  by  subs,  desig.,  Gray, 

1855,  Thamnophilus  stagurus  "VIEILLOT"). 
Diallactes  REICHENBACH,  Av.  Syst.  Nat.,  1850,  p.  71   (type  by   subs,  desig., 

Sclater,  1890,  Thamnophilus  major  VIEILLOT). 

*  The  locality  "Rio  Claro,  Goyaz"  is  erroneous.  Likewise  the  bird  has  yet  to 
be  discovered  in  Minas  proper. 


46    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Taraba  major  major  (  Vieillot).   GREAT  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  major  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  3,  1816, 
P-  313  (based  on  Azara  No.  211:  "Batara  mayor" — Paraguay);  D'ORBIGNY, 
Voyage  Am6r.  meYid.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  166  (Corrientes,  Sante  F6,  Argentina; 
Yungas,  Cochabamba,  Santa  Cruz,  Chiquitos,  Bolivia);  PELZELN,  Orn. 
Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  75  (part;  Abrantes,  Goyaz;  Cuyaba,  S.  Vicente,  Matto- 
grosso);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  359  (Tucuman,  Salta);  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1882,  p.  614  (Oran,  Salta);  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1887,  p.  16  (Lambar6, 
Paraguay);  (?)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  94  (Reyes 
and  Falls  of  the  Madeira,  Bolivia  [?  !]);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  1 86  (part;  Abrilongo,  Chapada,  Mattogrosso;  Bolivia,  Salta,  Tucu- 
man); KERR,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  134  (Fortin  Page,  Pilcomayo);  ALLEN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  S,  1893,  p.  115  (Corumba,  Abrilongo,  Chapada); 
SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  1895,  p.  13  (Colonia  Risso, 
Paraguay;  Corumba,  Mattogrosso;  S.  Pablo,  Tucuman);  idem,  1.  c.,  12, 
No.  292, 1897,  p.  2 1  (Campo Santo,  Salta;  S.  Lorenzo,  Jujuy) ;  KERR,  Ibis,  1901 , 
p.  227  (Paraguayan  Chaco);  C.  B.  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  135  (Riacho  Ancho, 
Terr,  del  Chaco;  Goya,  Corrientes;  Desaguadero,  Villa  Pilar,  Curuzu  Chica, 
Paraguay;  below  Boca  de  Homiguera,  sw.  Mattogrosso);  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  8,  1902,  p.  192  (San  Pablo  and  Yerba-Buena,  Tucuman); 
idem,  Revista  letr.  y  cienc.  soc.  Tucuman,  3,  1905,  p.  54  (same  localities); 
BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  2,  1904,  p.  254  (Oran,  Salta);  JEERING,  Rev. 
Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  352  (part;  Avanhandava,  n.  Sao  Paulo);  JHERING 
and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  196  (part;  Itapura,  Barretos, 
Avanhandava,  n.  S.  Paulo);  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  1914,  p.  51  (Asunci6n); 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  194  (Bolivia,  Argentina;  crit.). 

Thamnophilus  major  major  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  66  (Goyaz, 
Faz.  Esperanca,  Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz);  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  1  c.,  16, 
1909.  P-  220  (Mocovi,  Chaco;  Los  Vasquez,  Tucuman;  San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy); 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  18,  1910,  p.  283  (Tucuman, 
Salta;  Mocovi,  Chaco). 

Thamnophilus  magnus  "WiEo"  LESSON,  Trait6  d'Orn.,  livr.  5,  end  of  1830,  p.  375 
(based  on  "Le  Grand  Batara"  in  Walckenaer's  edition  of  Azara  3,  p.  419: 
Paraguay). 

Thamnophilus  stagurus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  8, 
1860,  p.  251  (Parana,  Tucuman);  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  1861,  p.  471 
(Parana,  Tucuman,  "Montevideo"). 

Thamnophilus  rohdei  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  35,  1887,  p.  16,  pi.  i  (Lambare', 
Paraguay;  type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.»);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  187  (Paraguay). 

•  The  type  is  most  certainly  but  a  melanistic  aberration  of  the  ordinary 
T.  m.  major.  I  have  had  an  opportunity  of  examining  a  second  example  of  this 
black-bellied  phase,  obtained  by  S.  M.  Klages  on  January  10,  1922  at  Hyutanahan, 
Rio  Purus,  Brazil.  The  bird,  a  male  in  first  annual  plumage,  No.  87153  of  the 
Carnegie  Museum,  has  the  uniform  black  tail  characteristic  of  T.  m.  melanurus, 
of  which  numerous  normal,  i.  e.  white-bellied  examples  were  taken  by  the  collector 
on  the  same  river;  while  the  type  of  T.  rohdei,  in  markings  of  tail,  agrees  with 
T.  m.  major,  well  known  as  an  inhabitant  of  Paraguay. — C.  E.  H. 


1924-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  ,    47 

Taraba  major  virgultorum  CHERRIE,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  June  1916, 
P-  39*  (part;  descr.  o*  from  Todos  Santos,  Rio  Chapar6,  Bolivia;  type  in 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.»). 

Taraba  major  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  El  Hornero,  3,  1923,  p.  47  (Santa  Elena,  n. 
Entrerios). 

Range:  From  eastern  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  Cochabamba;  Santa  Cruz 
de  la  Sierra,  Prov.  del  Sara;  Chiquitos)  through  northwestern  Argen- 
tina south  to  Prov.  Santa  Fe,  Corrientes  and  northern  Entrerios; 
Paraguay ;  western  Brazil  in  states  of  Goyaz  and  Mattogrosso,  south  to 
northern  Sao  Paulo  (Parana-Tiete  region). b 

i :  Argentina  (Trancas,  Tucuman) . 

"Taraba    major    stagurus    (Lichtenstein).0       East    Brazilian    GREAT 
ANT  SHRIKE. 

Lanius  stagurus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  45  (Bahia; 
types  in  Berlin  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Thamnophilus  albiventer  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  1825,  p.  23,  pi.  32  (Rio  Sao  Fran- 
cisco =Joazeiro,  Bahia;  types  in  Munich  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 
HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  654  (errone- 
ously identified  with  T.  m.  major'). 

*  The  type,  an  adult  male  in  annual  molt,  does  not  differ  in  any  way  from  topotyp- 
ical  Paraguayan  examples  of  T.  m.  major.  The  absence  of  the  white  apical  spots  on 
many  of  the  upper  wing  coverts,  alluded  to  by  the  describer,  is  simply  due  to  the  effect 
of  extreme  wear,  as  even  a  superficial  inspection  easily  discloses ;  besides,  on  a  few  cov- 
erts that  have  already  been  renewed,  these  white  markings  are  as  well  pronounced 
as  in  specimens  from  other  localities.  Moreover,  a  second  male  from  Todos  Santos 
(Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  No.  137,038,  July  26,  1915.  Miller  and  Boyle)  in  fairly 
good  plumage  is  practically  identical  with  topotypes  from  Paraguay.  While  the  sup- 
posed female  of  virgultorum  (Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  No.  148,401  Porto  Velho,  Rio  Ma- 
deira, Brazil,  May  31, 1915.  G.  K.  Cherrie)  proves  to  belong  to  T.  m.  borbae,  another 
from  near  the  type  locality  (Rio  San  Mateo),  by  its  darker  chestnut  upper  parts 
and  fulvous  under  tail  coverts,  appears  to  form  the  transition  to  T.  m.  melanurus. 
Four  females  from  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  e.  Bolivia,  and  nw.  Argentina  (Tucuman, 
Jujuy)  differ  from  Brazilian  specimens  by  their  lighter  upper  parts,  paler  ear  coverts 
and  by  having  the  foreneck  tinged  with  buff.  Although  males  are  not  distinguishable, 
they  possibly  constitute  a  distinct  race.  However,  I  have  not  been  able  to  examine 
any  female  from  Paraguay. — C.  E.  H. 

b  In  the  absence  of  material  I  cannot  make  out  whether  birds  from  Minas  Geraes 
(Thamnophilus  major  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  377) 
are  referable  to  T.  m.  major  or  to  T.  m.  stagurus. — C.  E.  H. 

0  Taraba  major  stagurus:  Differs  in  the  male  sex  from  T.  m.  major  by  the  greater 
amount  of  white  in  the  tail,  the  third  to  fifth  rectrix  (counting  from  without)  having 
five  or  six  distinct  white  marginal  spots  on  the  outer  web,  while  the  median  pair  is 
marked  on  both  webs  in  the  same  manner;  the  female  is  recognizable  by  its  lighter  ru- 
fous upper  parts  and  tail.  On  comparison  of  twenty  T.  m.  major  (3  Paraguay,  7  Matto- 
grosso, 10  Goyaz)  with  forty  examples  from  east  and  ne.  Brazil  (12  Bahia,  2  joazeiro, 
4  nw.  Bahia  (Rio  Preto),  4  Piauhy,  16  Ceara,  2  Miritiba,  Maianhao),  the  latter  are 
found  to  constitute  a  fairly  well-marked  race.  While  admitting  that  in  some  of  the 
males  from  Ceara  its  characters  are  most  strongly  pronounced,  I  do  not  see  how  the 
series,  as  a  whole,  can  be  separated  from  another,  including  the  types  of  L.  stagurus 
and  Th.  albiventer,  from  Bahia.  While  birds  from  Miritiba  are  extreme  examples  of 
stagurus,  those  from  w.  Maranhao  (Tury-assii,  S.  Bento)  form  the  transition  to 
semifasciatus. — C.  E.  H. 


48    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnophilus  tricolor  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  No.  5,  April  1825,  p.  86  (=  d") 

(Catinga  woods  of  Humildez,  Prov.  Bahia). 
Thamnophilus  cinnamomeus  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  No.  5,  April  1825,  p.  87 

(=9)  (Urup6,  Bahia);  idem,  Ornith.  Drawings,  Part  5,  1840  (?),  pi.  60. 
Taraba  major  approximans  CORY,  Auk,  36,  Jan.  1919,  p.  88  (Serra  Baturit6, 

Ceara). 
Thamnophilus  stagurus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  990  (Rio 

Belmonte,  s.  Bahia). 
Thamnophilus  major  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  186  (part;  spec. 

n-t,  Pernambuco,  Bahia) ;  REISER,  Denkschr.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Akad.  Wiss. 

Wien,  76,  1910,  p.  65  (Faz.  Riacho  am  Rio  Grande,  Santa  Rita  am  Rio  Preto, 

nw.  Bahia;  Parnagud,  Pedrinha,  Lake  of  Missao,  Therezina,  Piauhy;  spec. 

examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2),  1920,  p.  98  (Ilheos — 

Belmonte,  s.  Bahia). 

Range:    Eastern  and  northeastern  Brazil,   from  southern  Bahia 
(Belmonte)  north  to  Ceara,  Piauhy  and  Maranhao. 

23:    Ceara  (Serra  Baturite"  10,  Jua  6),  Bahia  (Macaco  Secco  near 
Andarahy  i),  Maranhao  (Tury-assu  i,  Sao  Bento  5). 

"Taraba  major  semifasciatus  (Cabanis).   PARA  GREAT  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Diattactes  semifasciatus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  20,  1872,  p.  234  ("Para,  Guiana 
and  Venezuela"; — Para  accepted  as  type  locality,  auct.  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  12,  1905,  p.  283). 

Thamnophilus  major  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit. 
Guiana,  3,  1848,  p.  687  (Brit.  Guiana);  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Philos.  Jour., 
(new  ser.),  i,  1855,  P-  232  (part;  Trinidad,  Guiana,  Pard);  idem,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1858,  p.  209  (part;  Trinidad,  Guiana,  Para);  TAYLOR,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  85 
(Trinidad);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  575  (Para);  idem, 
1.  c.,  1868,  p.  168  (Carupano,  Bermudez);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  75 
(part;  Rio  Amajau  near  Barcellos;  Para,  Forte  do  Rio  Branco);  FINSCH, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  567  (Trinidad);  LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  356  (Para); 
SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  423  (Brit.  Guiana);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  1 86  (part;  spec,  d-m,  Carupano,  Venez.,  Trinidad,  Cayenne;  Rio 
Takutu  and  Quonja,  Brit.  Guiana;  Para);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  4,  1892,  p.  55  (El  Pilar,  Bermudez);  CHAPMAN,  1.  c.,  6,  1894,  P-  49 
(Princestown,  Trinidad);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  283  (Para, 
Ourem,  Rio  Moju). 

Thamnophilus  major  semifasciatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  1905,  p.  283 
(Igarap6-Assu,  Pard);  idem,  1.  c.,  13,  1906,  p.  30  (Caparo,  Trinidad),  366 
(S.  Antonio  do  Prata);  idem,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3, 
1906,  p.  655  in  text.(crit.;  range);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i, 
No.  8,  1906,  p.  192  (Aripo,  Trinidad);  1.  c.,  No.  13,  1908,  p.  365  (Carenage, 
Aripo,  Trinidad);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  16  (Itaituba,  Rio 
Tapaj6z);  JEERING  and  JEERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  196  (range); 
BERLEPSCB,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  151  (Rio  Approuague,  Cayenne); 
HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.-phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912, 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  49 

p.  42   (Peixe-Boi),  92   (Para-localities) ;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 

1914,  p.  269  (Para,  Peixe-Boi,  Quati-puni,  Rio  Guama  [Ourem],  Rio  Moju, 

R.    Tapaj6z    (Boim,    PinheO,   Arumanduba,    Monte   Alegre,    Obidos,    Rio 

Jamunda  ([Faro]). 

7  hamnophilus  semifasciatus  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  61,  1913,  p.  528  (habits). 
Taraba  major  semifasciatus  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62, 

No.  2,  1918,  p.  66  (Paramaribo,  Surinam). 

Taraba  semifasciata  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  10  (Brit.  Guiana). 
Thamnophilus  stagurus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  1866, 

p.  266. 

Thamnophilus  albicrissus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  14,  1891,  p.  481  (Trinidad). 
Thamnophilus  major  albicrissus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  7, 

1895,  p.  324  (Trinidad,  El  Pilar;  crit.);  PHELPS,  Auk,  14, 1897,  P-  365  (Cuman- 

acoa,  Bermudez);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  68  (Cai- 

cara,  Perico,  Maipures,  Munduapo,  Rio  Orinoco;  Suapure,  La  Pricion,  Caura; 

Cumana,  ne.  Venezuela). 
Taraba  major  albicrissa  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  a,  1916,  p.  275 

(Orinoco  River,  from  Las  Barrancas  upwards). 
Thamnophilus  melanurus  (not  of  SCLATER)  CHAPMAN  and  RIKER,  Auk,  8,  1891, 

p.  28  (Santarem). 
Thamnophilus  borbae  (not  of  PELZELN)  BRABOURNE  and  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat. 

Hist.,  (8th  ser.),  10,  1912,  p.  262  (British  Guiana). 

Range:  Trinidad;  northeastern  Venezuela  (State  of  Bermudez: 
Carupano,  Cumanacoa,  El  Pilar);  central  Venezuela,  on  the  Orinoco 
River  from  Las  Barrancas  up  to  Munduapo,  and  its  tributary,  the  Caura; 
Guianas;  northern  Brazil  (Rio  Negro,  Rio  Branco,  north  bank  near 
Obidos,  Monte  Alegre,  Arumanduba;  Para  District,  thence  ranging 
south  of  the  Amazon  west  to  the  Tapajoz,  east  probably  not  beyond 
the  Rio  Gurupy.» 

6:  British  Guiana  3,  Dutch  Guiana  (Paramaribo)  i,  Brazil 
(Base  of  Serra  da  Lua  near  Boa  Vista,  Rio  Branco)  2. 

Taraba  major  borbae  (Pelzeln)*    BORBA  GREAT  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  borbae  PELZELN,  Ornith.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  75,  140  (Borba, 
Rio  Madeira;  types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  186  (Borba);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 
8,  1914,  p.  269  (Rio  Madeira). 

•  Birds  from  Bermudez  agree  in  every  respect  with  those  from  Trinidad,  Guiana 
and  Para,  whereas  some  of  the  females  from  the  upper  Orinoco  (Munduapo) ,  by  the  deep- 
er rufous  brown  dorsal  surface,  form  the  transition  to  T.  m.  granadensis,  of  nw.  Ven- 
ezuela, from  which  they  differ,  however,  by  their  much  paler  under  tail  coverts. 
An  adult  male  from  Itaituba  (left  bank  of  Rio  Tapajoz)  has  less  white  in  the  tail  and 
closely  approaches  specimens  of  T.m.  borbae  with  an  unusual  amount  of  white  mark- 
ings on  the  lateral  rectrices.  notably  one  male  from  Jamarysinho,  Rio  Machados,  in 
the  Tring  Museum. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Taraba  major  borbae  is  merely  an  intergrade  between  T.  m.  melanurus  and 
T.  m.  semifasciatus.  The  white  markings  on  the  lateral  tail  feathers  in  the  male  are 


So    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnophilus  major  borbae  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayer.  Akad.  Wiss., 
22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  655  in  text  (crit.;  Borba);  JEERING  and  JHERING,  Cat. 
Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  196  (Borba);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907, 
p.  369  (Humaytha,  Borba);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  336  (Calama,  Allianca, 
Jamarysinho,  Rio  Madeira). 

Taraba  major  virgultorum  CHERRIE,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  June  1916, 
p.  391  (part,  descr.  of  9  [obtained  at  Porto  Velho,  Rio  Madeira]). 

Range:    Western  Brazil  on  the  banks  of  the  Rio   Madeira,   from 
Borba  to  Porto  Velho. 

Taraba    major   melanurus    (Sclater).     BLACK-TAILED    GREAT    ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  melanurus  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Philos.  Jour.,  (n.  s.),  i,  April 
1855,  p.  233  (part;  River  Ucayali,  e.  Peru;  type  [d\  ist  annual]  in  coll. 
Gould,  now  in  coll.  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  GOULD,  Ann. 
Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (n.  s.),  14,  May  1855,  p.  345  (part;  Rio  Ucayali);  idem, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  May  16,  1855,  p.  69,  pi.  83  (part;  River  Ucayali); 
SCLATER,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  65  (Rio  Napo),  209  (part;  R.  Ucayali,  e.  Peru; 
Rio  Napo);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1866,  p.  185  (Upper  and  Lower  Ucay- 
ali; Nauta);  1867,  p.  750  (Chyavetas),  978  (Pebas);  1873,  p.  272  (Nauta, 
Santa  Cruz,  Ucayali,  Chyavetas,  Pebas);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou,  2, 
1884,  p.  5  (Moyobamba,  Pangoa;  Ucayali,  Nauta,  Chyavetas,  Santa  Cruz, 
Pebas);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  185  (part;  Pebas,  Samiria, 
Sarayacu,  Ucayali;  Rio  Napo);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  63  (Archidona, 
e.  Ecuador);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  439  (Rio  Jurua);  SNETH- 
LAGE,  Journ.  Oraith.,  56,  1908,  p.  15  (Cachoeira,  Bom  Lugar,  Monte  Alegre, 
Rio  Punis);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  268  (same  localities). 

Diallactes  melanurus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  20,  1872,  p.  234  (Ucayali). 

Thamnophilus  major  melanurus  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss., 
22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  655  in  text  (crit. ;  Ucayali,  Chyavetas) ;  JHERING  and 
JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  196  (Rio  Jurua). 

Taraba  major  melanura  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  Abt.  A,  Heft  10,  1920, 
p.  82  (Yahuarmayo,  San  Gaban,  Chaquimayo,  se.  Peru). 

Thamnophilus  melanurus  debilis  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
P-  379  (La  Merced,  Dept.  Junin,  Peru;  one  of  the  typical  specimens  in  coll. 
Berlepsch  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Taraba  melanura  debilis  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  1918,  p.  452  (Bellavista, 
R.  Marafion). 

Thamnophilus  major  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10,  (i),  1844, 
p.  277  (Peru). 

exceedingly  variable,  birds  with  only  a  narrow  apical  margin  on  the  two  outermost 
pairs  being  indistinguishable  from  the  general  run  of  melanurus,  while  others  which,  in 
addition,  have  a  number  of  white  spots  or  broken  bands  on  the  inner  web,  point  rather 
to  semifasciaius.  In  fact,  a  male  from  Jamarysinho  on  the  Rio  Machados,  a  little  above 
its  junction  with  the  Rio  Madeira,  hardly  differs  in  the  tail-markings  from  another 
taken  at  Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj<5z  which  I  refer  to  semifasciatus.  The  female  of  borbae 
combines  the  dark  saccardo  brown  upper  parts  of  melanurus  with  the  basally  white 
under-tail  coverts  of  semifascialus.—C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  51 

Thamnophilus  mayor  TSCHUDI,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  1846,  p.  170  (Peru). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  eastern  Ecuador  through  Peru  to 
Dept.  of  Junin  and  north  slope  of  Andes  of  Carabaya,  Dept.  Puno,  east 
to  western  Brazil  (rivers  Purus  and  Jurua). 

4:   Peru  (Vista  Alegre  3,  Puerto  Bermudez,  i). 

*Taraba    major    granadensis    (Cabanis).     COLOMBIAN    GREAT    ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Diallactes  granadensis  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  20,  1872,  p.  234  (Bogotd,  Col- 
ombia; type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Thamnophilus  major  granadensis  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss., 
22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  655  (crit.;  Bogota);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1158 
in  text  (Bogotd;  Antioquia;  M6rida,  Ejido,  Mt.  near  Bucarito,  San  Esteban; 
crit.). 

Tar  aba  major  granadensis  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5, 
1912,  p.  118  (Las  Quiguas,  S.  Esteban,  Venezuela;  crit.). 

Thamnophilus  transandeanus  granadensis  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull. 
Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  25  (Bogotd;  Antioquia  [  =  Remedios], 
Colombia;  M6rida). 

Tar  aba  transandeana  granadensis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
19171  P-  364  (Malena,  Honda,  Magdalena  R.;  Buena  Vista,  Villavicencio, 
e.  Colombia);  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922,  p.  318 
(Tucurinca,  Santa  Marta  district). 

Thamnophilus  melanurus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Edinb.  Mew  Philos.  Journ., 
(n.  s.),  i,  April  1855,  p.  233  (part;  Bogotd);  GOULD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  May 
1855,  p.  69  (part;  Bogotd);  SCLATER,  1.  c.,  1855,  p.  147  (Bogotd);  idem,  1,  c., 
1858,  p.  209  (part;  Bogotd) ;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  360  (Bogotd). 

Thamnophilus  transandeanus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SAL VIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  P-  524  (part;  Remedies,  e.  slope  of  c.  Andes;  one  d"  in  Paris  Museum 
examined)*;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  185  (part;  speci- 
mens 1,  m;  Remedies). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  northwestern  Venezuela  (in  states  of 
Caracas, b  Carabobo,  Lara,  MeYida,  Zulia)  and  eastern  Colombia 
(Tucurinca,  Santa  Marta  District;  Magdalena  Valley  and  eastern 
Andes). 

5:  Venezuela  (Orope,  Zulia  3,  Catatumbo  River  2). 

Taraba  major  transandeanus  (Sclater).   HOLLAND'S  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  transandeanus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  18  (Guaya- 
quil, sw.  Ecuador;  type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem, 

a  An  adult  male  from  Remedies,  Antioquia,  is  intermediate  between  granadensis 
and  transandeanus,  combining,  as  it  does,  the  grayish  under-tail  coverts  of  the 
former  with  the  long  bill  and  uniform  black  tail  of  the  latter  race. — C.  E.  H. 

b  A  male  collected  by  Ernst  Peters  in  the  Mamera  Valley,  near  Caracas,  on  Feb. 
15,  1890  in  the  Berlepsch  Collection. — C.  E.  H. 


52    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1.  c.,  1860,  p.  278  (Babahoyo),  294  (Esmeraldas) ;  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1877, 
p.  324  (Tumbez,  nw.  Peru);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1879,  P-  524  (part; 
Rio  Neche,  lower  Cauca');  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1883,  p.  564 
(Chimbo);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,   1890,  p.  185  (part;  spec,  a-k, 
Costa  Rica  to  Ecuador6);  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  491  (Chimbo); 
SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  P-  27 
(Vinces,  Peripa,  w.  Ecuador). 

Thamnophilus  major  transandeanus  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1157 
(Guineo,  Rio  Calima;  Rio  Dagua;  El  Tigre,  R.  Tamana;  La  Selva,  R.  Jamar- 
aya). 

Taraba  transandeana  transandeana  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  28  (monog.,  s.  Mexico  to  w.  Ecuador);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  364  (Alto  Bonito,  La  Vieja,  Baudo,  San  Jose,  Barbacoas,  w. 
Colombia;  Rio  Frio,  Palmira,  upper  Cauca);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  70,  1918,  p.  260  (Rio  Sin,  Gatun,  Panama). 

Thamnophilus  melanocrissus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  252  (Santecoma- 
pam,  Orizaba,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  184  (s.  Mexico  and  Guatemala). 

Thamnophilus  hollandi  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  8,  1867,  p.  180  (Grey- 
town,  Nicaragua). 

Range :  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz  and  Tabasco)  and 
southward  through  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica  and 
Panama  to  Colombia  (Pacific  Coast  and  Cauca  Valley),  western  Ecua- 
dor and  northwestern  Peru  (Tumbez).0 

13:  Guatemala  i,  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis  Lake)  5,  Costa  Rica  2, 
Panama  i,  Ecuador  (Puente  de  Chimbo)  4. 

Genus  SAKESPHORUS  Chubb. 

Hypolophus  (not  of  MULLER  and  HENLE,  1837)  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein., 

2,  1859,  p.  16  (type  by  subs,  desig.,  Sclater,  1890,   'Thamnophilus  cirrhatus" 
= Lanius  canadensis  LINNEAUS). 

Sakesphorus  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  foth  ser.),  a,  1918,  p.  123  (type 
Lanius  canadensis  LINNEAUS). 

*Sakesphorus    canadensis   canadensis    (Linnaeus).     BLACK-CRESTED 

ANT  SHRIKE. 
Lanius  canadensis  LINNEAUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  12  (i),  1766,  p.  134  (based  on  "La 

"  An  adult  female  in  the  Berlepsch  Collection  is  an  extremely  large-billed  ex- 
ample of  transandeanus,  exactly  like  those  from  w.  Ecuador. — C.  E.  H. 

b  The  locality,  "Sarayacu,"  e.  Ecuador,  is  of  course  erroneous. 

e  In  deference  to  Mr.  Ridgway's  view,  T.  melanocrissus  is  here  united  with 
T.  m.  transandeanus,  though  I  am  not  sure  that  this  proceeding  is  quite  correct. 
In  every  one  of  nine  males  from  Guatemala,  the  under  tail  coverts  are  entirely  black 
while  in  a  series  of  twenty-six  from  w.  Colombia  and  Ecuador,  all  but  one  have  very 
distinct  white  apical  edges.  In  birds  from  Costa  Rica,  Chiriqui,  and  Nicaragua, 
these  edges  are  likewise  pronounced  though  narrower  than  in  those  from  South 
America. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  53 

Pie-grieche,  de  Canada"  Brisson,  Ornith.,  2,  1760,  p.  171:  "Canada," 
errore;  Cayenne  suggested  as  type  locality,  auct.  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT, 
1902;  descr.  9). 

TurduscirrhatusGuELiK,  Syst.  Nat.,  I  (2),  1789,  p.  826  (based  on  "Fourmilier 
huppg"  Buffon,  Hist.  Nat.  Ois.,  4,  p.  476,  descr.  cf,  9  ;  no  locality  given, 
but  no  doubt  Cayenne). 

Lanius  pileatus  LATHAM,  Ind.  Orn.,  i,  1790,  p.  76  (based  on  "Black-capped 
Shrike"  LATHAM,  Gen.  Syn.  Birds,  Suppl.,  1787,  p.  54,  part,  "cf",  Cayenne). 

Tyrannus  atricapillus  VIEILLOT,  Hist.  Nat.  Ois.  Am6r.  Sept.,  I,  1807?,  p.  78, 
pi.  48  (  =  d")  (descr.  part,  o"  only,  no  locality  indicated). 

Tyrannus  canadensis  VIEILLOT,  1.  c.,  p.  79,  pi.  49  ( =  9 )  ("Caienne"). 

Thamnophilus  leucauchen  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  April  1855,  p.  18,  pi.  79 
(c?i  9)  ("in  Peruvia  orientali,  Chamicuros,"  errore;  the  types  in  the  Brit- 
ish Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.  are  tradeskins  from  Cayenne");  idem, 
Edinb.  New  Philos.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  i,  April  1855,  p.  241  (part;  "types  said  to 
be  from  'Rio  Nigro'  [sic]);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  216  (diag.  o%  9  ; 
"E.  Peru,  Upper  Amazons  [Hauxwell],"  errore);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B., 
1862,  p.  174  (part;  spec,  a,  b,  types  from  "Rio  Napo,"  errore!);  TACZAN- 
OWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou,  2, 1884,  p.  15  (part;descr.  cf,  9  from  types  ex  "Rio  Napo," 
errore). 

Thamnophilus  cristatus  (not  of  WIED)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3, 
1856,  p.  97  (part). 

Thamnophilus  atricapillus  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  r,  1855, 
p.  240  (part;  Cayenne);  BONAPARTE,  Bull.  Soc.  Linn.  Normandie,  2,  1857, 
p.  34  (Cayenne);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  215  (part;  Cayenne); 
idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  174  (part;  Cayenne). 

Thamnophilus  cirrhatus  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  244  (nomencl.);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  202  (part;  Cayenne);  MENEGAUX,  Bull. 
Mus.  Paris,  10,  1904,  p.  175  (Sinnamary,  Mana,  French  Guiana);  idem,  1.  c., 
14,  1908,  p.  12  (French  Guiana). 

Thamnophilus  canadensis  canadensis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  60 
(part;  Cayenne,  Surinam). 

Thamnophilus  canadensis  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  152  (Cayenne), 
319  (Sinnamary,  Mana). 

Hypolophus  canadensis  canadensis  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
62,  No.  2,  1918,  p.  67  (Paramaribo,  Surinam). 

Range:  French  and  Dutch  Guiana. 
2:  Surinam  (Paramaribo  2). 

*Sakesphorus   canadensis   trinitatis    (Ridgway).b    TRINIDAD   BLACK- 
CRESTED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  trinitatis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  14,  1891,  publ.  1892,  p.  481 
(Trinidad;  descr.  c?1). 

•  See  Hellmayr,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  60. 

b  Sakesphorus  canadensis  trinitatis  (RIDGWAY)  is  a  rather  unsatisfactory  race 
and,  if  considered  worthy  of  recognition,  its  range  must  be  considerably  extended 


54    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnophilus  cirrhatus  (not  of  GMELIN)  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit. 
Guiana,  3,  1848,  p.  687  (Avicannia-bushes  of  the  coast,  Brit.  Guiana); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  202  (part;  Quonga,  Brit.  Guiana; 
San  Esteban,  Pilar,  Venezuela;  Trinidad);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  6,  1894,  p.  50  (Trinidad,  on  the  coast) ;  idem,  1.  c.,  7,  1895,  p.  325  (Trini- 
dad; crit.);  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  1897,  p.  365,  370  (Guanaguana,  Bermudez, 
ne.  Venezuela). 

Formicaritis  cirrhatus  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  1866,  p.  195  (Trinidad). 

Thamnophilus  atricapUlus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Philos.  Journ., 
(n.  s.),  i,  1855,  p.  240  (part;  Trinidad,  Brit.  Guiana);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1858,  p.  215  (part;  Trinidad,  Brit.  Guiana);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B., 
1862,  p.  174  (part;  Trinidad) ;  TAYLOR,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  85  (Trinidad);  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  75  (part;  Forte  do  Rio  Branco);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  168  (Pilar,  Bermudez);  FINSCH,  1.  c.,  1870,  p.  568 
(Trinidad);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  7,  1884,  P-  *73  (Trinidad);  SALVIN, 
Ibis,  1885,  p.  423  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Thamnophilus  canadensis  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
65,  1913,  p-  202  (Cariaquito,  Paria  coast;  Vagre  River,  Jocopita,  Manimo  R., 
Orinoco-delta).  ' 

so  as  to  comprise  all  of  Venezuela,  British  Guiana  and  even  the  Rio  Branco  dis- 
trict of  n.  Brazil,  typical  S.  c.  canadensis  becoming,  thus,  restricted  to  French  and 
Dutch  Guiana. 

Twenty  females  from  the  two  last  named  countries  have  only  the  foreneck,  chest 
and  sides  buff  or  ochraceous,  with  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  extensively  pure  white  and, 
besides,  the  majority  have  the  upper  part  of  the  head  of  a  lighter,  cinnamon-rufous 
tone.  In  females  from  Venezuela,  Brit.  Guiana,  Trinidad  and  Rio  Branco,  the  middle  of 
the  belly  is  decidedly  buff  or  light  ochraceous,  hardly  paler  than  the  rest,  while  the 
pileum,  as  a  rule,  is  darker,  more  of  a  chestnut  rufous.  The  coloration  of  the  head, 
however,  is  subject  to  much  individual  variation  and  does  not  hold  good  in  about 
one-third  of  the  specimens  examined.  There  is  no  constant  difference  between  the 
males  of  the  two  races,  so  far  as  I  can  see.  The  color  of  the  back  is  exceedingly  variable 
within  the  same  locality,  every  shade  from  deep  rufous-brown  to  dull  rufescent 
brown  being  represented  in  each  of  the  series  from  the  Rio  Branco,  Caura  River, 
Lower  Orinoco  and  Trinidad,  with  the  darker  phase,  however,  predominating. 
Among  twenty-two  adult  males  from  French  and  Dutch  Guiana,  on  the  other  hand, 
there  is  not  one  approaching  the  darkest  extreme  of  trinitatis,  while  six  are  even 
paler  above  than  the  lightest-backed,  being  almost  olive  brown  with  a  hardly  per- 
ceptible rufescent  hue. 

I  do  not  see  how  the  birds  of  the  middle  stretches  of  the  Orinoco  can  be  separ- 
ated from  those  found  lower  down  on  that  mighty  river.  The  type  of  H.  c.  inter- 
medius  though  rather  pale  below,  is  exactly  matched  by  the  lightest  bellied  example 
from  Tucacas  (Falcon),  and  a  series  of  females  from  Altagracia  show  the  same  amount 
of  individual  variation  as  another  from  the  lower  Orinoco  (San  Felix,  Ciudad  Bolivar, 
Las  Barrancas). 

Birds  from  the  coast  region  of  nw.  Venezuela  (Aragua,  Carabobo;  Tucacas, 
Falcon;  El  Hacha  and  Aroa,  Bolivar  Railroad)  average  slightly  smaller,  with  gener- 
ally shorter  crest  and  are,  as  a  rule,  a  little  paler.  The  males  present,  in  the  color  of  the 
back,  a  wider  amount  of  individual  variation  than  those  from  any  other  locality, 
the  darkest  being  fully  as  deeply  colored  as  the  darkest  phase  from  Trinidad  and  the 
Caura-Orinoco-basin,  while  the  palest  examples  closely  match  the  lightest  olive- 
backed  extreme  of  typical  canadensis. 

Two  males  from  Munduapo  and  San  Fernando  de  Atabapo,  by  their  dusky  backs 
with  restricted  brown  margins,  form  the  transition  to  S.  c.  loretoyacuensis,  of  Upper 
Amazonia. 

The  foregoing  notes  are  based  on  the  study  of  more  than  170  specimens  cover- 
ing the  entire  range  of  canadensis  and  trinitatis. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  55 

Thamnophilus  canadensis  canadensis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  31 
(Seelet,  Pointe  Gourde,  Chaguaramas,  Laventille,  Trinidad);  idem,  1.  c., 
14,  1907,  p.  60  (part;  Brit.  Guiana,  Trinidad;  Venezuela  (Cumana,  Orinoco, 
Caura);  Forte  do  Sao  Joaquim,  Rio  Branco,  n.  Brazil);  HELLMAYR  and 
SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  Sept.  1912,  p.  119  (San  Esteban). 

Thamnophilus  canadensis  trinitatis  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
1902,  p.  70  (Altagracia,  Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Santa  Barbara,  Ciudad  Boli- 
var, Munduapo,  Maipures,  Orinoco  R. ;  Suapure,  La  Pricion,  La  Union, 
Caura  R.);  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  i,  No.  3,  1909,  p.  92  (La  Brea,  Orin- 
oco-delta). 

Hypolophus  canadensis  trinitatis  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
1916,  p.  276  (Maripa,  Mato  R.,  Caura;  San  Feliz  River,  Lower  Orinoco; 
crit.). 

Hypolophus  canadensis  intermedius  CHERRIE,  1.  c.,  p.  277  ("middle  Orinoco  from 
Ciudad  Bolivar  and  beyond";  type  from  Caicara  in  Brooklyn  Museum 
examined). 

Sakesphorus  canadensis  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921, 
p.  14  (British  Guiana;  numerous  localities). 

Range :  Trinidad ;  Venezuela,  from  the  Paria  Peninsula  west  to  the 
states  of  Aragua  (Maracay),  Carabobo  (San  Esteban,  El  Trompillo) 
and  Falcon  (Tucacas;  El  Hacha  and  Aroa,  Bolivar  Railroad);  in  the 
Orinoco  Valley  from  the  delta  up  to  San  Fernando  de  Atabapo,  and  on 
its  tributary,  the  Caura  River;  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  on 
the  upper  Rio  Branco  (Boa vista,  Sao  Joaquim). 

12:  Brazil  (Boavista,  Rio  Branco)  8,  Trinidad  (Seelet)  2,  British 
Guiana  (Demerara  River)  i,  Venezuela  (Maracay,  Aragua)  i. 


Sakesphorus    canadensis    loretoyacuensis    (Bartlett).     BARTLETT'S 
CRESTED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  loretoyacuensis  BARTLETT,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  374  (Loretoy- 
acu,  R.  Maranon,  ne.  Peru;  type  in  Brit.  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  205  (Loretoyacu,  Upper  Ucayali) ; 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  272. 

Thamnophilus  loretoyacensis  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  13  (descr. 
d"  ex  Loretoyacu,  ne.  Peru). 

Thamnophilus  canadensis  loretoyacuensis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907, 
p.  60  (Teffd,  Rio  Solimoes;  crit.),  61  (e.  Peru:  Loretoyacu,  Upper  Ucayali; 
nw.  Brazil:  Teff6,  Poiares,  S.  Isabel  and  Rio  Amajau,  Rio  Negro);  JHERING 
and  JEERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  413  (range). 

Thamnophilus  leucauchen  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Philos.  Journ., 
(n.  s.),  i,  1855,  p.  241  (part;  9  ex  "Camuchurros,"  e.  Peru);  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  15  (part;  Chamicuros). 

Thamnophilus  atricapillus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  75 
(part;  below  Poiares,  Santa  Isabel,  Rio  Negro;  Rio  Amajau;  spec,  in  Vienna 


56    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866, 
p.  185  (Upper  Ucayali);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  273  (Upper  Ucayali;  spec,  in 
Brit.  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Northwestern  Brazil  (Teffe",  Rio  Solimoes;  Poiares  and 
S.  Isabel,  on  the  Rio  Negro;  Rio  Amajau)  and  northeastern  Peru 
(Loretoyacu,  R.  Maranon,  R.  Ucayali). 

*Sakesphorus   canadensis   pulchellus    (Cdbanis   and    Heine).*    COL- 
OMBIAN CRESTED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Hypolophus  pulchellus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  16  (Carta- 
gena, n.  Colombia). 

Thamnophilus  pulchellus  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  245  (crit.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  204  (Baranquilla,  Valencia,  Santa  Marta);  SALVIN 
and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  201  (Rio  Truando, 
Cartagena,  Santa  Marta);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  1900, 
p.  161  (Bonda,  Cienaga). 

Hypolophus  canadensis  pulchellus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
P-  33  (n-  Colombia:  Rio  Atrato,  Rio  Truando;  Cartagena,  Sabanilla,  Baran- 
quilla; Santa  Marta,  Bonda,  Cienaga,  Valencia,  Santa  Marta). 

Thamnophilus  canadensis  pulchellus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  367  (Turbaco  near  Cartagena;  La  Playa,  Calamar,  Algodonal, 
lower  Magdalena). 

Sakesphorus  pulchellus  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922, 
p.  317  (Bonda,  Cienaga,  Gaira,  Punta  Caiman,  Trojas  de  Cataca,  Tucurinca, 
Fundaci6n,  Santa  Marta  distr.;  Rio  Hacha,  Goajira;  crit.). 

a  Sakesphorus  canadensis  pulchellus  (CABANIS  and  HEINE)  :  None  of  the  char- 
acters separating  this  race  from  S.  c.  trinitatis,  viz.  the  brighter,  more  cinnamon 
tinge  of  the  back,  the  absence  of  gray  on  the  rump,  the  white  spotting  on  forehead 
and  sides  of  head,  the  white  admixture  in  black  of  throat,  the  purer  white  ground 
color  of  the  under  parts,  the  fulvous  or  buffy  suffusion  on  the  flanks,  and  the  longer 
occipital  crest,  although  quite  appreciable  in  a  series,  is  an  absolute  feature.  The 
only  point  of  distinction  that  can  always  be  relied  upon  is  the  greater  extent  of  the 
white  apical  markings  on  the  lateral  reetrices,  this  being  particularly  noticeable  on 
the  outermost  pair  where  the  marginal  stripe  on  the  outer  web  is  confluent  with  the 
white  tip.  The  female  may  likewise  be  distinguished  by  more  white  in  the  tail ;  besides, 
the  under  parts  are  generally  brighter  ochraceous-buff ,  either  wholly  uniform  or  with 
but  a  few  narrow  dusky  streaks  on  the  foreneck. 

Birds  from  the  Goajira  Peninsula  and  nw.  Venezuela  (Rio  Aurare,  se.  of  Alta- 
gracia,  Zulia;  Barquisimeto,  s.  Lara)  have  slightly  larger  bills,  more  white  on  fore- 
head, the  sides  of  the  head  mainly  white,  and  less  black  on  the  under  parts,  this 
color  being,  on  the  throat,  sometimes  nearly  concealed  by  the  white  apical  portions 
of  the  feathers.  As,  however,  about  fifty  percent  of  the  specimens  are  indistinguish- 
able from  pulchellus,  of  nw.  Colombia,  I  agree  with  E.  W.  C.  Todd  that  the  recogni- 
tion of  phainoleucus  is  of  no  practical  advantage. 

Seven  specimens  from  Barquisimeto  and  two  females  from  Tocuyo,  in  southern 
Lara  show  no  approach  to  S.  c.  trinitatis,  of  which  I  have  examined  a  good  series  from 
Tucacas,  coast  of  Falcon,  and  five  skins  from  Aroa  and  El  Hacha,  Bolivar  Railroad, 
in  the  northern  portion  of  the  state  of  Lara. 

A  single  male  from  Catatumbo,  sw.  of  Lake  Maracaibo,  however,  combines  the 
general  coloration  above  and  the  extensive  white  tail-markings  of  pulchellus  with 
the  dark  gray  flanks  and  the  chiefly  black  sides  of  the  head  of  trinitatis.    More 
material  is  required  to  prove  the  constancy  of  these  characters  or  otherwise. 
— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  57 

Thamnophilus  cirrhatus  (not  of  GMELIN)   d'ORBiGNY  and  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev. 

Zool.,  i,  1838,  p.  165  (Cartagena). 
Thamnophilus  atricapillus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 

1860,  p.  1 88  (Carthagena). 

Thamnophilus  sp.?  CASSIN,  1.  c.,  p.  189,  No.  88  (Rio  Truando). 
Thamnophilus  leucauchen  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds, 

1862,  p.  174  (part;  spec,  c,  Santa  Marta);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1880, 

p.  171  (Valencia,  Santa  Marta). 
Hypolophus  pulchettus  phainoleucus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  28,  April 

1915,  p.  80  (Rio  Hacha,  Goajira,  Peninsula,  nw.  Venezuela;  type  in  Carnegie 

Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Northern  Colombia  (Rio  Atrato,  Truando,  Sinu;  Carta- 
gena, Baranquilla,  Santa  Marta  district;  lower  Magdalena  Valley; 
Goajira  Peninsula)  and  northwestern  Venezuela  (Rio  Aurare,  ten 
miles  southeast  of  Altagracia,  eastern  shore  of  Lake  Maracaibo,  Zulia; 
Barquisimeto  and  El  Cuji,  Tocuyo,  Lara;  ?  Catatumbo  R.,  south- 
west of  Lake  Maracaibo). 

4:  Venezuela  (Rio  Aurare  3,  Catatumbo  i). 

Sakesphorus  cristatus  (Wied).*  BRAZILIAN  CRESTED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  cristatus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1002  ("Campo 
Geral  in  Sertao  des  Inneren  von  Bahia,"  e.  Brazil);  BURMEISTER,  Syst. 
Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  97  (part);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858, 
p.  215  (diag.  d"  from  spec,  in  Paris  Museum);  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  245 
(crit.);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  249  (crit.  on  Wied's 
type);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  203  (descr.  o71);  MENEGAUX 
and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth  sen),  8,  1906,  p.  26  (crit.). 

Lanius  poecilurus  (Cuvier  Ms.)  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855, 
p.  331,  pi.  17,  fig.  2  (=  o*  ad.)  ("Bresil";  type  examined  in  Paris  Museum). 

Thamnophilus  atricapillus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ., 
(n.  s.),  i,  1855,  p.  240  (part;  Bahia). 

Range:  Campos  districts  of  eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  and 
Ceara." 

•  Sakesphorus  cristatus  (WIED)  :  Male  differs  from  the  members  of  the  S.  canadensis 
group  by  lacking  the  ashy  rump;  by  having  the  back  rather  brighter  rufescent-brown; 
the  upper  tail  coverts  barred  with  black  and  white  (instead  of  black  with  white 
tips) ;  by  the  rectrices  being,  on  either  web,  marked  with  five  large  white  marginal 
spots.  The  flanks  are  fulvous  (not  grayish),  and  the  bill  is  decidedly  smaller.  Wing, 
67;  tail,  59.  Female  unknown. 

b  There  are  two  specimens  from  Ceard  obtained  by  Miss  Snethlage  in  the  Para 
Museum.  Unfortunately,  I  kept  no  memorandum  about  their  exact  place  of  cap- 
ture. The  male  in  the  Paris  Museum  was  secured  by  the  botanist  Auguste  de  Saint- 
Hilaire,  who  did  not  visit  either  Bahia  or  Ceara,  but  travelled  extensively  in  the 
southeastern  states,  from  Minas  Geraes  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  down  to  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul.  It  is  probably  somewhere  in  the  campos  districts  of  Minas  Geraes  that  he 
obtained  his  example  of  this  exceedingly  rare  species  which  may  ultimately  prove  to 
be  merely  a  race  of  canadensis. — C.  E.  H. 


58    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Sakesphorus  bernardi  bernardi  (Lesson).   WHITE-NAPED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Tamnophilus  Bernardi  (Abeill6  Ms.)  LESSON,  Echo  du  Monde  Savant,  n, 
No.  15,  Aug.  22,  1844,  p.  348  (Guayaquil,  sw.  Ecuador;  descr.  9);  idem, 
Oeuvres  compl.  Buffon,  (6d.  LeVlque),  20  (Descr.  Mammif.  et  Ois.),  1847, 
p.  299  (Guayaquil). 

Thamnophilus  albinuchalis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  April  1855,  p.  18  (Guay- 
aquil and  Puna  Isl.,  sw.  Ecuador;  descr.  o"  ad.  and  cf  juv.);  idem,  Edinb.  New 
Phil.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  i,  April  1855,  p.  241  (reprint  of  orig.  descr.);  idem,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  216  (Guayaquil,  Puna  Isl.);  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat. 
Hist.,  9,  1870,  p.  236  (Puna  Isl.);  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  245  (part;  Ecua- 
dor); SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  204,  pl.i  4  (part;  Guayaquil, 
Puna,  Ecuador);  SALVADOR:  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
1899,  p.  28  (Savanna  of  Guayaquil). 

Hypolophus  bernardi  bernardi  HELLMAYR,  Verhandl.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  No.  2, 
Sept.  1917,  p.  189  (part;  Guayaquil,  Puna  Isl.). 

Range:   Southwestern  Ecuador  (Guayaquil  district,  Puna  Isl.). 

Sakesphorus  bernardi  piurae  (Chapman).''  PIURA  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  bernardi  piurae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  86,  Aug.  1923, 

p.  3  (Samate,  Prov.  Piura,  nw.  Peru). 

Thamnophilus  albinuchalis  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1877,  p.  324  (Tumbez;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c.,  1880,  p.  201 
(Callacate;  9  examined);  idem,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  14  (part;  Tumbez, 
Callacate);  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  245  (part;  n.  Peru);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  204  (part;  Tumbez). 
Hypolophus  bernardi  bernardi  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  No.  2,  Sept. 

1917.  P-  *89  (part;  Tumbez). 

Range:  Southwestern  Ecuador  (in  provinces  of  Loja  and  El  Oro) 
and  northwestern  Peru  (provinces  Tumbez,  Piura  and  evidently  also  on 
the  east  slope  of  the  coast  range  in  Prov.  Cajamarca).b 

*Sakesphoras  bernardi  cajamarcae    (Hellmayr).*     CAJAMARCA   ANT 

SHRIKE. 

Hypolophus  bernardi  cajamarcae  HELLMAYR,  Verhandl.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13, 
No.  2,  Sept.  1917,  p.  1 88  (Tembladera,  Dept.  Cajamarca  [type];  Trujillo, 
Guadalupa,  Paucal,  Dept.  Libertad,  w.  Peru  [excl.  Callacate]). 

•  Sakesphorus  bernardi  piurae  (CHAPMAN):   "Intermediate  between  S.  b.  bernardi 
and  S.  b.  cajamarcae;  nearer  the  latter,  but  on  average  smaller,  with  the  brown  areas 
paler;  the  male  with  upper  parts  between  brussels-brown  and  raw-umber,  instead  of 
deep  brownish  auburn;  the  female  deep  Sudan-brown,  rather  than  bright  auburn 
above,  the  rectrices  without  subterminal  black  markings,  and  with  less  suggestion  of 
blackish  markings  on  breast;  slightly  larger  than  bernardi,  the  male  with  the  back 
brighter  brown,  the  front  and  sides  of  the  throat  with  more  white;  the  female  brighter 
and  deeper  brown,  the  occiput  more  or  less  black,  instead  of  largely  or  wholly  Sanford's 
brown.   Wing  79^-85;  tail  61-65  >£;  bill  23-24."    (Chapman,  1.  c.) 

b  An  adult  female  from  Callacate  agrees  in  size  and  extent  of  black  on  hind-crown 
as  well  as  in  other  characters,  so  well  with  another  from  Tumbez,  that  I  have  little 
doubt  the  birds  of  the  Upper  Maranon  should  be  referred  to  piurae. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Sakesphorus  bernardi  cajamarcae  (HELLMAYR)  :    Differs  from  S.  b.  bernardi  in 
larger  size,  much  darker  rufous-brown  upper  parts,  brighter  cinnamon-brown  edges 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  59 

Thamnophilus  bernardi  baroni  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  No.  3, 
Dec.  1917,  p.  498  (Trujillo  and  Yonan  River,  Dept.  Libertad,  w.  Peru). 

Thamnophilus  albinuchalis  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  a, 
1884,  p.  14  (part;  Guadalupa,  Paucal,  Dept.  Libertad,  w.  Peru). 

Range :  Pacific  slope  of  western  Cordillera  in  depts.  Cajamarca  and 
Libertad,  western  Peru. 

i:   Peru  (Menocucho,  Dept.  Libertad). 

*Sakesphorus  melanonotus  (Sclater).   BLACK-BACKED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  melanonotus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  19,  pi.  80 
(Santa  Marta;  descr.  cf  ad.);  idem,  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  i,  1855, 
p.  242  (Santa  Marta);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  216  (Santa  Marta); 
idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  175  (Santa  Marta);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  205  (Santa  Marta;  San  Esteban,  Carabobo);  BANGS,  Proc. 
Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  1898,  p.  138  (Santa  Marta);  ROBINSON  and  RICHMOND, 
Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  24,  1901,  p.  174  (La  Guaira,  n.  Venezuela);  ALLEN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  1900,  p.  161  (Bonda,  Santa  Marta);  idem,  1.  c., 
21,  1905,  p.  289  (Bonda;  descr.  nest  and  eggs);  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN, 
Archiv  Naturg.,  78,  A.,  Heft  5,  1912,  p.  120  (San  Esteban). 

Sakesphorus  melanonotus  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922, 
p.  316  (Bonda,  Mamatoco,  Santa  Marta,  La  Tigrera,  Fundaci6n,  Tucurinca, 
Santa  Marta  dist.). 

Range:  Littoral  of  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  district,  south  to  El 
Guayabal,  1,000  feet  alt.,  ten  miles  north  of  Cucuta,  State  of  Santander), 
and  Venezuela  in  states  of  Falcon  (Tucacas),  Carabobo  (San  Esteban, 
Las  Trincheras)  and  Caracas  (La  Guaira). 

2:   Colombia  (El  Guayabal,  Santander).* 

Sakesphorus  melanothorax  (Sclater). b  BLACK-THROATED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  melanothorax  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  1857,  p.  133  ("in 
America  meridionale,"  we  suggest  French  Guiana;  type  in  Brit.  Mus.  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.;  =  9);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  210;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  188  (descr.  9). 

on  wing  coverts  and  remiges,  and  by  having  the  forehead,  and  in  the  male  sex  also  the 
malar  region,  cheeks  and  upper  throat  much  less  variegated  with  white.  Wing  (c?) 
84-88,  (  9)  85;  tail  68-72;  bill  20^-23.— C.  E.  H. 

»  These  specimens  agree  perfectly  with  topotypes  from  Santa  Marta.  Birds 
from  Venezuela  are  not  different  either.  The  female  differs  from  S.  c.  pulchellus 
by  rufous-brown  (instead  of  black)  tail;  bright  buff  (instead  of  white)  markings  on 
wing  coverts,  remiges  and  rectrices;  by  lacking  the  occipital  crest  and  the  cinnamon- 
rufous  pileum,  the  feathers  of  this  part  being  dull  black,  very  narrowly  edged  with 
rufescent-brown;  much  darker  back  with  a  large,  white  interscapular  patch,  etc. — 
C.  E.  H. 

b  Sakesphorus  melanothorax  (SCLATER):  Male  similar  to  5.  /.  luctuosus  (LiCHT.), 
but  lacks  the  occipital  crest  and  differs,  besides,  by  having  white  edges  to  the  upper 
wing  coverts,  much  longer  white  tips  to  the  rectrices,  and  by  the  white  margin  along 


60    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnophilus  moestus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  141,  Note  i 
(Cayenne;  types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =  d"  ad.). 

Thamnophilus  camopiensis  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  1904,  p.  175  (Cam- 
opi,  French  Guiana;  type  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =  9  ad.). 

Myrmelastes  melanothorax  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris, 
(9th  sen),  8,  1906,  p.  33  (crit.;  descr.  cf,  9 ;  French  Guiana);  BERLEPSCH, 
Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  161  (Cayenne,  Camopi). 

Range:  French  Guiana  (Cayenne,  Camopi,  Tamanoir,  Mana  River). 

Sakesphorus  luctuosus  luctuosus  (Lichtenstein).  CRESTED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Lanius  luctuosus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  47  ("Para," 
sc.  Cametd,  Rio  Tocantins). 

Lanius  melas  (Cuvier  Ms.)  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855,  p.  328, 
pi.  17,  fig.  i  (=  o")  (locality  unknown;  type  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.). 

Thamnophilus  luctuosus  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  i,  1855,  p.  234 
("Para"  [ex  LICHTENSTEIN];  descr.  cf,  9  [excl.  "e.  Peru"  ex  TSCHUDI]); 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  211  (descr.  cf;  "e.  Peru,"  errore!); 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  575  (Rio  Tocantins);  PELZELN,  Orn. 
Bras.,  2, 1868,  p.  76  (Cara-raucu  above  Obidos;  Tapajdz;  Borba,  Rio  Madeira), 
141  (descr.  cf,  9  ex  Borba;  excl.  TSCHUDI'S  reference  from  Peru) ;  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  8,  1876,  p.  80  (Lower  Amazons);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  190  (Cara-raucu,  Tapaj6z;  descr.  cf);  RIKER  and  CHAP- 
MAN, Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  28  (Santarem;  descr.  9);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith., 
SSi  1907,  p.  283  (Monte  Alegre,  Cussary). 

Myrmelastes  luctuosus  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris* 
(9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  32  (crit.  on  type  of  L.  melas  PUCH.);  JHERING  and 
JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  218  (Santarem);  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  17  (Urucurituba,  Itaituba,  R.  Tapaj6z),  372  (Humaytha, 
R.  Madeira);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  509  (Goyana,  Ilha  do 
Papagaio,  Tapajoz),  531  (Arumatheua,  Tocantins);  idem,  1.  c.,  61,  1913, 
p.  528  (haunts);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  306  (Ilha  Pae  Lourengo, 
Arumatheua,  Tocantins;  Victoria,  Fort  Ambe',  R.  Xingu;  Santa  Julia, 

the  inner  web  of  the  remiges  being  barely  indicated.  Female  very  different  and  more 
like  that  of  Myrmeciza  melanoceps  (Spix)  in  coloration,  but  with  the  top  of  the 
head  bright  ferruginous  like  the  back  instead  of  black.  Wing  (three  o"cf)  81-84, 
(three  99)  79-82;  tail  70-72;  tars.  23-25;  bill  19-21. 

5.  melanothorax  is  undoubtedly  congeneric  with  S.  luctuosus,  the  style  of  colora- 
tion being  practically  the  same  in  the  males  of  the  two  species,  although  S.  melano- 
thorax has  a  somewhat  slenderer  bill  and  less  graduated  tail,  while  the  occipital 
feathers  are  much  less  elongated.  In  these  respects,  it  closely  resembles  5.  melan- 
onotus.  S.  melanothorax,  thus,  occupies  an  intermediate  position  between  5.  luctuosus 
and  the  typical  species,  and  I  do  not  see  my  way  of  separating,  genetically,  the  two 
species  with  black-bellied  females  from  Sakesphorus.  They  are,  however,  very 
different  from  Myrmeciza  (Myrmelastes)  with  which  they  were  associated  for  some 
time,  having  much  shorter  tarsi  and  toes,  stouter,  less  compressed  bill,  much  more 
densely  feathered  forehead  and  lores,  and  the  naked  spaces  behind  and  below  the 
eye  much  less  extensive. — C.  E.  H. 


1924-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  61 

R.  Iriri;  Cussary;  Goyana,  Papagaio,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  Boa  Vista,  Tucunare', 
R.  Jamauchim;  Arumanduba,  Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Maecuru,  Obidos,  Rio 
Jamunda  (Far6)  north  bank  of  lower  Amazon). 

Myrmelastes  luctuosus  luctuosus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  353  (Cal- 
ama,  Jamarysinho,  Rio  Madeira). 

Range:  Lower  Amazonia,  from  the  Tocantins  to  the  Rio  Madeira 
and  its  affluent,  the  Machados;  on  the  north  bank  from  the  Rio  Jary  to 
the  Jamunda. 

Sakesphorus  luctuosus  araguayae   (Hellmayr).*    ARAGUAY  CRESTED 
ANT  SHRIKE. 

Myrmdastes  luctuosus  araguayae  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  68  (Rio 
Araguaya,  Prov.  Goyaz,  c.  Brazil). 

Range :  Rio  Araguaya,  interior  of  Goyaz,  central  Brazil. 


Genus  BIATAS  Cabanis  and  Heine. 

Biastes  (not  of  PANZER,  1806)  REICHENBACH,  Handbuch  Scans.,  1853,  p.  175 
(type  Ana  bates  nigropectus  LAFRESNAYE). 

Biatas  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  19  (new  name  for  Biastes 
REICHENBACH,  preoccupied). 

Biatas  nigropectus  (Lqfresnaye).   BLACK-BREASTED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Anabates  nigro-pectus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (and  ser.),  a,  1850,  p.  107, 
pi.  i,  fig.  3  (=  of)  ("in  America  meridionale" ;  we  suggest  vicinity  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro  as  type  locality). 

Biastes  nigropectus  BURMEISTER,  System.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  84  (Novo 
Friburgo,  Rio);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  74  (Ypanema,  S.  Paulo; 
descr.  9). 

Biatas  nigropectus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  215  (se.  Brazil; 
descr.  cf,  9);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  238  (Piracicaba, 
S.  Paulo);  idem,  1.  c.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Cantagallo,  Novo  Friburgo). 

Biastes  nigripectus  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  201 
(Conceicao  dos  Guarulhos,  S.  Paulo). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  to  Santa  Catha- 
rina.b 

•  Sakesphorus  luctuosus  araguayae  (HELLMAYR)  :  Differs  from  5.  /.  luctuosus  by 
the  much  shorter  white  tips  being  restricted  to  the  three  lateral  pairs  of  rectrices, 
and  by  the  rather  broader  white  edges  to  the  scapular  feathers.  Wing  (c?)  79-82, 
(9)  77-8i;  tail  (c?)  70-73,  (9)  68-73;  bill  19-21. 

b  The  Munich  Museum  possesses  an  adult  male  obtained  on  May  5, 1910,  in  the 
forests  near  Blumenau,  Santa  Catharina. — C.  E.  H. 


62    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Genus  THAMNOPHILUS  Vieillot. 

Thamnophilus  VIEILLOT,  Analyse  d'une  nouv.  Ornith.  616m.,  1816,  p.  40  (type  by 

subs,  desig.,  Gray,  1840,  "Pie-grieche  ray6e,  de  Cayenne"  =Lanius  doliatus 

LINNAEUS). 
Erionotus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,"  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  15  (type  by  subs,  desig., 

SCLATER,  1890,  Thamnophilus  caerulescens  VIEILLOT). 
Rhopochares  CABANIS  and  HEiNE,b  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  17  (type  Tliamno- 

philus  torquatus  SWAINSON). 

*Thamnophilus  doliatus  doliatus  (Linnaeus).  WHITE-BARRED  ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Lanius  doliatus  LINNAEUS,  Mus.  Ad.  Frid.,  2,  Prodr.,  1764,  p.  12  (no  locality 
given;  Surinam  suggested  by  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902, 
P-  ?o). 

Lanius  surinamensis  SCHRANK,  Abhandl.  einer  Privatgesellsch.  Naturf.  und 
Okonomen  in  Oberdeutschland,  i,  1792,  p.  95,  pi.  3  (=o"  ad.)  (Surinam); 
F.  A.  A.  MEYER,  Zoolog.  Annalen,  i,  1794,  p.  137  (latin  translation). 

Lanius  ferrugineus  (not  of  GMELIN,  1788)  RICHARD  and  BERNARD,  Act.  Soc- 
d'Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  i  (i),  1792,  p.  911  (  =  116)  (=  9)  (Cayenne;  coll.  Le 
Blond). 

Lanius  rubiginosus  BECHSTEIN,  Allgem.  Ubers.  Vogel,  i,  1793,  p.  696  (new  name 
for  Lanius  ferrugineus  RICH,  and  BERN.);  LATHAM,  Ind.  Ornith.,  Suppl. 
1 80 1,  p.  xix  (=  9  ;  Cayenne). 

Lanius  ferruginatus  G.  C.  REICH,  Magazin  des  Thierr.  (Erlangen),  i,  (3),  1795, 
p.  129  (new  name  for  Lanius  ferrugineus  RICH,  and  BERN.). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  1848, 
p.  687  (coast  of  Brit.  Guiana);  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ.,  (n.  s.), 
!»  J855,  p.  235  (part;  Brit.  Guiana,  Cayenne);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26, 
1858,  p.  217  (part;  Cayenne,  Brit.  Guiana,  n.  Brazil);  BURMEISTER,  Syst. 
Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  98  (part);  BONAPARTE,  Bull.  Soc.  Linn.  Nor- 
mandie,  2,  1857,  p.  34  (Cayenne);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867, 
P-  575  (Maraj6);  LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  387  (Para) ;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Essex  Inst., 
8,  1876,  p.  80  (Maraj6);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  424  (ex  Schomburgk);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  207  (part;  Georgetown,  Demerara,  Brit. 
Guiana;  Cayenne;  Maraj<5;  Para);  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  161  (Amapa); 
MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  1904,  p.  175  (St.  Georges  d'Oyapoc, 
Ouanary,  Mahury,  Mana,  French  Guiana);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15, 
1908,  p.  153  (Cayenne,  Roche-Marie),  319  (localities  ex  MENEGAUX);  SNETH- 
LAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  283  (Amapa,  Maraj6,  Monte  Alegre); 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  273  (Castanhal  near  Para;  Paco- 
val,  Sao  Natal,  Tuyuyu,  Chaves,  Maraj6 ;  Amapa,  Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Jamundd 
[Faro]);  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  1917,  p.  132  (Bartica  Grove);  CHUBB, 
Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  12  (British  Guiana). 

•  We  find  it  impossible  to  separate  Erionotus  generically  unless  it  be  restricted 
to  the  caerulescens-group,  which  would  necessitate  the  recognition  of  several  others 
more  or  less  ill-defined  sections. 

b  We  do  not  consider  the  slightly  slenderer  bill  to  be  of  sufficient  importance  to 
separate  this  section  generically  from  Thamnophilus. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  63 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  doliatus  HELLMAVR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr. 
Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  133  (Cachoeira,  Isl.  Maraj6);  HARTERT  and 
GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  1917,  p.  497  (Surinam,  Cayenne,  Brit.  Guiana); 
BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  No.  2,  1918,  p.  67  (Para- 
maribo, Lelydorp,  Surinam). 

Thamnophilus  capistratus  (not  of  LESSON)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  78 
(part;  Obidos). 

Thamnophilus  radiatus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  PELZELN,  1.  c.,  p.  78  (part;  Forte  do 
Rio  Branco). 

Thamnophilus  nigricristatus  difficilis  (err.)  HELLMAYR,  Verhandl.  Zool.  Bot. 
Gesells.  Wien.,  53,  1903,  p.  216  (part;  Obidos). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana,  northern  Brazil  from  the 
upper  Rio  Branco  and  Amapa  (on  the  Guianan  border)  south  to  the 
north  bank  of  the  Amazon  (Monte  Alegre,  Obidos),  Marajo,  and  neigh- 
borhood of  Para  (Castanhal). 

6:  British  Guiana  (Demerara  R.  2,  Georgetown  i);  Dutch  Guiana 
(Paramaribo  2);  northern  Brazil  (Boa  Vista,  Rio  Branco)  i. 

*Thamnophilus  doliatus  fraterculus   Berlepsch  and   Hartert.3"    VENE- 
ZUELAN WHITE-BARRED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  fraterculus  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
1902,  p.  70  (Altagracia  [type],  Caicara,  Ciudad  Bolivar,  Rio  Orinoco;  Puerto 
Cabello,  Merida,  Venezuela);  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78, 
A.,  Heft  5,  1912,  p.  120  (San  Esteban);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci. 
Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  278  (Ciudad  Bolivar;  Caicara;  nest  and  young  descr.); 
HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  1917,  p.  497  (crit.;  Orinoco,  San 
Esteban,  Mdrida,  Tachira,  Venezuela;  Trinidad). 

•  Thamnophilus  doliatus  fraterculus  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT  may  be  character- 
ized as  a  smaller  form  with  shorter  tail,  and  generally  lighter  under  parts,  resulting 
from  the  reduction  of  the  black  markings  in  the  male  sex.  The  race,  however,  is  a 
very  unsatisfactory  one,  and  all  of  its  characters  are  bridged  over  by  individual  varia- 
tion. Males  from  the  Guianas  and  Maraj6  have ,  as  a  rule,  the  white  crown-patch  more 
extensive,  though  one  or  two  do  not  differ  in  this  respect  from  the  average  of  frater- 
culus, while,  on  the  contrary,  one  from  Caracas,  two  from  Margarita,  and  the  type 
of  heteroleucus  (from  Tocuyo,  Lara)  show  quite  as  much  white  as  the  whitest-crowned 
extreme  from  Guiana.  I  cannot  detect  any  constant  difference  in  the  shape  of  the 
white  tail-markings,  although  it  might  be  that  in  doliatus  they  never  become  so 
spot-like  as  is  the  rule  in  fraterculus.  The  striping  on  the  throat  is  subject  to  much 
individual  variation.  It  must  be  admitted,  however,  that  not  one  in  the  consider- 
able series  of  fraterculus  has  the  throat  so  heavily  streaked  with  black  as  the  two 
darkest  males  from  Guiana  (one  from  Cayenne,  the  other  from  Georgetown) ;  whereas 
in  Venezuela  one  meets  with  numerous  individuals  having  but  narrow  indistinct  or 
hardly  any  streaks  on  that  part  of  the  body.  As  to  the  pattern  of  the  under  parts, 
birds  from  the  Guianas  and  Maraj6  are  fairly  constant,  having  the  black  and  white 
bars  of  about  equal  width  and  extended  down  to  the  tail  coverts.  On  the  other 
hand,  fraterculus  presents  a  striking  amount  of  individual  variation,  the  darkest 
specimens  (two  from  Tachira)  being  indistinguishable  from  the  average  of  doliatus, 
while  the  majority  have  decidedly  less  black  underneath,  the  dark  bars  becoming 
narrower  or  even  evanescent  on  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  and  under  tail  coverts. 
In  arranging  the  material,  according  to  the  amount  of  black  markings  beneath,  in 
six  groups:  No.  i  denoting  the  darkest  extreme  with  regularly  barred  under  parts, 
No.  6,  the  lightest  with  hardly  any  streaks  on  throat  and  nearly  plain  (unbarred) 


64    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858, 
p.  217  (part;  Trinidad);  TAYLOR,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  85  (Trinidad);  LEOTAUD, 
Ois.  Trinidad,  1866,  p.  264  (Trinidad);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  6,  1894,  p.  50  (Princestown) ;  ALLEN,  1.  c.,  4,  1892,  p.  55  (Carupano, 
ne.  Venezuela);  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  1897,  p.  365  (Cumana,  Cumanacoa,  S.  An- 
tonio, Bermudez);  ROBINSON  and  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  18,  1895, 
p.  673  (Margarita  Isl.),  684  (La  Guayra);  idem,  1.  c.,  24,  1900,  p.  174  (La 
Guaira,  S.  Julian);  CLARK,  Auk,  19, 1902,  p.  264  (Margarita  Isl.);  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  30  (Caparo,  Seelet,  Pointe  Gourde,  Laventille,  Trini- 
dad); CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  1906,  p.  192  (Aripo);  idem, 

1.  c.,  2,  1908,  p.  365  (Pointe  Gourde  [  =  Carenage],  Aripo,  Trinidad);  LOWE, 
Ibis,  1907,  p.  560  (Margarita  Isl.);  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Publ.,  Orn.  Ser.,  I, 
1909,  p.  247  (Margarita  Isl.). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  doliatus  (err.)  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull., 

2,  1916,  p.  278  (Ciudad  Bolivar,  R.  Orinoco);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  367  (Villavicencio,  e.  Colombia). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  catus  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  24,  June  1911, 
p.  189  (El  Valle,  Margarita  Isl.);  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24, 
1907,  p.  497  (Cumana,  Margarita  Isl). 

abdominal  line,  the  others  representing  intermediate  stages,  the  various  localities 
divide  somewhat  differently  among  the  sections,  as  may  be  seen  from  the  subjoined 
tabula. 

Section  123456 

French  Guiana  1311 

British  Guiana  i       i 

Trinidad  1322 

Margarita  Isl.  4      2 

Bermudez  5       i 

Middle  Orinoco  (Ciudad  Bolivar  to  Altagracia)  i  51 

Villavicencio,  e.  Colombia  i  2 

Coast  region  of  nw.  Venezuela  1472 

Tocuyo,  Lara  i 

Tachira,  w.  Venezuela  2  3 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that,  while  average  specimens  of  doliatus  and  fraterculus, 
falling  into  sections  3  and  4,  are  indistinguishable  from  each  other,  the  former  attains 
a  darker  stage  which  never  occurs  in  the  range  of  fraterculus,  and  a  large  percentage 
of  the  latter  reaches  a  degree  of  whiteness  unknown  among  Guianan  birds. 

I  am  unable  to  separate  the  Margarita  Island  race  catus  from  fraterculus.  It  is 
true,  six  males  are  very  white  beneath ;  but  two- thirds  of  my  series  from  nw.  Venezuela 
(Carabobo,  Caracas,  Aragua,  Tucacas)  match  them  exactly,  while  among  six  from 
the  opposite  coast  of  Bermudez  (Cumand),  only  one  is  similar,  the  five  remaining 
ones  being  more  heavily  barred  with  black,  like  Orinocan-specimens  (topotypical 
fraterculus).  The  type  of  heteroleucus,  from  Tocuyo,  s.  Lara  is  again  very  white  and 
practically  a  duplicate  of  the  lightest  Margarita  example,  and  the  recognition  of 
catus  (to  which  heteroleucus  had  to  be  united),  would  result  in  a  geographical  impossi- 
bility. Birds  from  Margarita  and  Cumand  have  by  no  means  smaller  bills  than 
those  from  other  parts  of  Venezuela.  Trinidad  birds  are  very  difficult  to  allocate. 
In  size,  they  are  intermediate  between  doliatus  and  fraterculus,  but  have  the  short 
tail  of  the  latter.  According  to  the  coloration  of  the  underparts,  half  of  the  males  are 
like  doliatus  (groups  i  and  2),  while  the  other  half  corresponds  to  the  darker  varieties 
(groups  3  and  4)  of  the  fraterculus  series. 


1924-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  65 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  heteroleucus  ToDD,Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  1913,  p.  172 
(Tocuyo,  Est.  Lara,  w.  Venezuela;  type  in  Carnegie  Museum  examined). 

Range :  Trinidad ;  Venezuela,  from  Bermudez  (Cumana  and  vicinity) 
and  Margarita  Island,  along  the  north  coast  to  Tocuyo  (Est.  Lara) 
and  on  the  southern  slope  of  the  Andes  to  Merida  and  Tachira,  and  in 
the  Orinoco  Valley  from  Ciudad  Bolivar  upwards;  eastern  Colombia 
(Villavicencio,  also  found  in  native  "Bogota"-collections). 

33:  Margarita  Isl.  14;  Venezuela  (Cumana  i;  Caracas  9;  Lake 
Valencia  2;  Maracay,  Aragua  4;  Colon,  Tachira  3). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  tobagensis   Hartert  and  Goodson.*    TOBAGO 
ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  tobagensis  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  1917, 
p.  497  (Tobago  Isl.). 

The  females  do  not  present  any  racial  variation  in  color.  The  throat  varies, 
regardless  of  locality,  from  plain  buff  to  heavily  striped  with  blackish.  Examined:  26 
T.  d.  doliatus,  95  T.  d.  fraterculus. 

MEASUREMENTS 

ADULT  MALES  WING  TAIL 

Two  from  Maraj6,  Brazil  74,79  61,62 

Six  from  French  Guiana  73,73/^,75,76,76,77  63,63,64,65,65,65^ 

Two  from  British  Guiana  75,77  62,62  >£ 

Eight  from  Trinidad  70,71, 71^,72, 72, 74,74,75  59,59,59,60,60,60,60,60^ 

Six  from  Margarita  71,71,71,71, 74,75  56,59,59,59»6o,6o>£ 

Five  from  Bermudez  70,70,71,71,72  56,s8,58,58>£ 

Five  from  the  middle  Orinoco  73,73,74,74,75  58,59,59,60,61 

Three  from Villavicencio.Colombia  70,71,74  57,59,63  (!) 

Four  from  Caracas  69,70,70 #,7i.#  57,58,60,62^  (!) 

Four  from  Carabobo  (S.Esteban)  68,71,72,72  58,59,61  #,62 

Three  from  Lake  of  Valencia  70,71,72  57,60,60 

OnefromElTrompillo, Carabobo  74  63  (!) 

One  from  Falcon  (Tucacas)  70  58 

One  from  n.  Lara  (Aroa)  76  (!)  62 ^  (!) 

One  from  s.  Lara  (Tocuyo)  74  (!)  64 #  (!) 

Three  from  Tachira  72,74,74^  58,59,63  (!) 

FEMALES 

Four  from  French  Guiana  72, 72 #,73, 73^  62,62 #,65,65 

One  from  Surinam  76  63 

One  from  British  Guiana  74  65 

One  from  Rio  Branco,  n.  Brazil  72  63 

Six  from  Trinidad  67^,70,70^,71,72,73        56,56,57,58,58,59 

Four  from  Margarita  67,71,72,73  55,56,56>£,57 

One  from  Bermudez  71  59 

Five  from  middle  Orinoco  70,71,72,72,72  56,56,60,60,62 

Two  from  Villavicencio,  Colombia  74, 74  59,64  (!) 

Three  from  Caracas  68,70,70  57,58,6o 

Two  from  Falcon  (Tucacas)  68,69  55,55 

One  from  n.  Lara  (Aroa)  70  60 

Two  from  s.  Lara  (Tocuyo)  70,72  61,64  (!) 

One  from  Tachira  75  (!)  60  — C.  E.  H. 

•  Thamnophilus  doliatus  tobagensis  HARTERT  and  GOODSON:  Nearest  to 
T.  d.  fraterculus,  but  larger  with  stronger  bill;  male  with  much  more  white  on  fore- 
head, and  somewhat  narrower  black  barring  on  lower  parts;  female  rather  lighter,  more 
cinnamon-rufous  above;  forehead  decidedly  buff;  under  parts  averaging  lighter 


66    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  JARDINE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  20, 
1847,  p.  321  (Tobago;  habits) ;  CORY,  Auk,  10,  1893,  p.  220  (Tobago) ;  DALMAS, 
Mem.  Soc.  Zool.  France,  13,  1900,  p.  141  (Tobago). 

Range:  Island  of  Tobago. 
29:   Tobago  (22  o"o*,  7  99). 

*Thamnophilus  doliatus  nigrescens  Lawrence.*   LAWRENCE'S  BARRED 
ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  nigrescens  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  May  1867, 

p.  469  ("Venezuela"b;  types  in  American  Museum  Nat.  Hist,  examined). 
Thamnophilus  bricenoi  HARTERT,    Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  220,  pi.  4,  left  fig. 

("Sabanetas  de  Estanques,"  800  metr.,  "Andes  of  Merida,"  Venezuela;0  types 

in  Tring  Museum  examined). 
Thamnophilus  doliatus  dearborni  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Publ.,  Orn.  Sen, 

i,  May  1913,  p.  290  (Encontrados,  Zulia,  lower  Catatumbo  River);  idem, 

1.  c.,  Aug.  1916,  p.  337  (crit.). 

Range:  Heavily  forested  region  south  of  Lake  Maracaibo,  Zulia, 
western  Venezuela. 

6:  Venezuela  (Encontrados  3,  Catatumbo  River  3). 

ochraceous;  throat  always  entirely  unstreaked.  Wing  (o")  74-78,  (9)  71-75; 
tail  57-63;  bill  19-20,^. 

Males  from  Tobago  are,  as  a  rule,  underneath  whiter  than  the  general  run  of 
fraterculus,  though  they  apparently  never  reach  the  whitest  extreme  oi  fraterculus  as 
represented  by  some  specimens  from  Margarita  and  the  type  of  T.  d.  heteroleucus. 
The  striping  of  the  throat  is  a  variable  character. — C.  E.  H. 

'•Thamnophilus  doliatus  nigrescens  LAWRENCE:  Male  differs  from  doliatus  and 
fraterculus  by  much  darker  under  parts,  the  black  stripes  on  the  throat  being  much 
broader,  and  the  black  cross-bands  on  breast  and  belly  about  twice  as  wide  as  the 
white  interspaces;  besides,  the  white  markings  above  are  narrower,  and  there  is  less 
white  on  front  and  sides  of  the  head.  Female  on  average  more  deeply  colored  above 
and  below,  the  female  type  of  dearborni  being  particularly  dark;  but  another  from 
Catatumbo  River  hardly  differs  from  the  average  of  Cayenne-females.  Wing  (four 
o*c?)  70,  73,  75,  76,  (four  9  9)  72,  73,  73,  78;  tail  60-65;  bill  18^-21.  Although 
quite  distinguishable  in  a  series,  the  variability  of  this  bird  clearly  indicates  that  it 
is  merely  a  race  of  the  doliatus-group. — C.  E.  H. 

b  The  types  of  T.  nigrescens  LAWR.,  kindly  forwarded  by  F.  M.  Chapman,  were 
obtained  by  a  Mr.  G.  Robbins  and  passed  into  the  collection  of  John  Cassin  of 
Philadelphia,  who  presented  them  to  Geo.  N.  Lawrence.  Two  specimens  (Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  43,373  c?1;  No.  43,337  9  juv.)  are  marked  "Venezuela,"  the 
third  (Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  43,372  tf1) — no  doubt  erroneously — "Demerara." 
All  three  were  evidently  prepared  by  the  same  hand  and  unquestionably  pertain  to 
the  same  form.  The  American  Museum  also  possesses  an  adult  male  of  Sakesphorus 
canadensis  pulchettus,  labeled  as  having  been  collected  by  Geo.  Robbins  in  "Ven- 
ezuela," which  agrees  perfectly  with  examples  of  the  "phainoleucus" '-phase  from 
the  Maracaibo  region.  It  appears,  thus,  more  than  probable  that  Lawrence's  original 
specimens  came  from  this  particular  district.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  types  of 
nigrescens  are  quite  indistinguishable  from  those  of  T.  d.  dearborni.  The  late 
C.  B.  Cory  was  misled  to  describe  the  Catatumbo-birds  as  new,  by  two  males  of  frater- 
culus from  Tachira  which  had  been  wrongly  referred  to  nigrescens. — C.  E.  H. 

0  The  type  is  practically  identical  with  one  of  Lawrence's  original  examples  to 
which  it  was  compared,  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  whatever  as  to  bricenoi  being 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  67 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  subradiatus   Berlepsch.*    WESTERN  BARRED 
ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  subradiatus  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  35,  1887,  p.  17  ("Ober- 
amazonas,"  the  type  from  Iquitos,  ne.  Peru,  examined  in  the  Berlepsch 
collection);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  273  (Cachoeira,  Bom 
Lugar,  Monte  Verde,  Ponto  Alegre,  Rio  Punis). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10,  (i), 
1844,  P-  277  (Peru);  idem,  Faun.  Per.,  Aves,  1846,  p.  171  (Peru;  spec,  in 
Mus.  Neuchatel  examined);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1858,  p.  217  (part; 
Rio  Ucayali);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  19  (descr.  o",  9; 
Sarayacu,  e.  Peru). 

Thamnophilus  radiatus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1866,  p.  185  (Sarayacu,  Ucayali;  Nauta);  idem,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  978  (Pebas); 
idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  273  (Sarayacu,  Nauta,  Pebas);  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1874, 
p.  529  (Monterico,  Amable  Maria);  idem,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  20  (Sara- 
yacu, Nauta,  Pebas,  Amable  Maria,  Monterico);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  16  (Huiro,  Maranura,  se.  Peru). 

Thamnophilus  nigricristatus  (err.)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  209 
(part,  subsp.  subradiatus,  spec,  o-q,  Nauta,  Sarayacu,  Pebas,  R.  Ucayali, 
R.  Amazons). 

(?)  Thamnophilus  radiatus  nigricristatus  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  RIKER  and  CHAP- 
MAN, Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  28  (Santarem,  R.  Tapaj6z). 

Thamnophilus  nigricristatus  subradiatus  HELLMAVR,  Verhandl.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges. 
Wien,  53,  1903,  p.  217  (crit. ;  Iquitos,  Samiria,  ne.  Peru);  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  1906,  p.  93  (Santa  Ana,  Prov.  Convencion);  JHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  438  (Rio  Jurua;  c?,  9  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 
idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  200  (Rio  Jurud);  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  61  (Teff6,  Rio  Solimoes). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  subradiatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  370 
(Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  342  (Calama,  Marmellos 
S.  Isabel,  Rio  Preto,  Rio  Madeira  district);  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  1.  c., 
24,  1917,  p.  497  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  1.  c.,  28,  1921,  p.  195  (range). 

Thamnophilus  radiatus  subradiatus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  No.  117,  1921, 
p.  79  (Santa  Ana,  Chauillay,  San  Miguel  Bridge,  Urubamba  region). 

a  synonym  of  nigrescens.  I  feel,  however,  rather  uncertain  about  the  locality 
"Sabanetas  de  Estanques,"  a  place  that  I  have  not  been  able  to  locate  on  any  map. 
If  really  in  the  "Andes  of  Merida,"  it  will  have  to  be  looked  for  somewhere  on  the 
northern  slope  of  the  range  towards  the  south  end  of  Lake  Maracaibo,  where 
T.  d.  nigrescens  evidently  replaces  the  ordinary  fraterculus.  E.  Hartert  (in  litt.) 
states  that  the  range  of  "doliatus"  given  by  him  (Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  220)  as 
extending  to  "the  plains  of  Zulia"  is  incorrect,  adding  that  he  has  never  seen  any 
specimen  from  this  province. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Thamnophilus  doliatus  subradiatus  BERLEPSCH:  The  male  bears  a  striking  re- 
semblance to  T.  d.  nigricristatus  LAWRENCE,  in  having  the  pileum  quite  or  nearly 
wholly  black,  and  the  under  parts,  posterior  to  the  throat,  regularly  barred  with 
black  and  white  down  to  the  tail  coverts,  but  is  decidedly  larger.  Wing  74-77; 
tail  62-66.  From  its  geographical  neighbor,  T.  d.  radiatus,  it  is  easily  separable 
by  the  much  broader  as  well  as  more  extensive  black  barring  underneath. — C.  E.  H. 


68    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnophilus  variegaticeps  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,"  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
p.  379  (La  Merced,  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin;  type  in  Berlepsch  collec- 
tion examined). 

Thamnophilus  nigricristatus  variegaticeps  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges. 
Wien,  53,  1903,  p.  217  (crit.). 

Thamnophilus  tadiatus  variegaticeps  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  1918,  p.  452 
(Bella vista,  R.  Maranon;  spec,  examined). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  variegaticeps  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  195 
(range). 

Range:  Amazonia,  from  eastern  Peru  (depts.  Loreto,  Amazonas, 
Junin,  Cuzco),  to  western  Brazil  (Rio  Purus,  Jurua,  east  to  the  Rio 
Madeira  (possibly  to  the  Tapaj6z),  north  to  Teffe,  Rio  Solimoes). 

7:  Peru  (Moyobamba  4,  Chanchamayo  i,  Rio  Colorado,  Chan- 
chamayo 2). 

Thamnophilus   doliatus   difficilis    Hellmayr*     GOYAZ   BARRED    ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  nigricristatus  difficilis  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien, 
S3.  I9Q3,  p.  216  (Rio  Claro  [type],  Rio  Araguay,  Goyaz,  c.  Brazil;  excl.  Obi- 
dos);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  200  (part;  Goyaz). 

Thamnophilus  capistratus  (not  of  LESSON)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  a,  Sept.  1868, 
p.  78  (part;  Rio  Araguay  and  Rio  Claro,  Goyaz). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  difficilis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  68  (Rio 
Araguaya,  Goyaz;  crit.);  idem,  1.  c.,  28,  1921,  p.  195  (Goyaz). 

(?)  Thamnophilus  radiatus  (not  of  VIEELLOT)  REISER,  Denkschr.  math,  naturw. 
Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  1910,  p.  65  (Uniao  and  Queimadas,  Rio  Parnahyba, 
Piauhy. 

Range :  Central  Brazil,  Prov.  Goyaz  (on  the  banks  of  the  Rio  Claro 
and  Araguaya);  and  apparently  also  in  northern  Piauhy  (on  the  Rio 
Parnahyba).8 

•  With  more  material  for  comparison,  I  find  it  impossible  to  maintain  varie- 
gaticeps  as  distinct.  The  white  spotting  at  the  base  of  the  crown-feathers  is  indi- 
vidually variable,  and  the  white  bands  across  the  rectrices  do  not  afford  a  better 
character  either.  Some  males  from  n.  Peru  have  even  more  white  on  the  crown  than 
the  type  from  La  Merced,  while  in  several  others  from  Chanchamayo  the  pileum  is 
entirely  black  without  any  white. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Thamnophilus  doliatus  difficilis  HELLMAYR:  Very  similar  to  T.  d.  subradiatus, 
of  Upper  Amazonia,  but  with  weaker,  slenderer  bill ;  males  with  forehead  more  densely 
streaked  with  white,  and  ground  color  of  under  parts  more  purely  white.  Wing 
74-80;  tail  64-70. 

c  Otmar  Reiser  (in  litt.)  writes  me  that  the  specimens  from  the  lower  and  middle 
stretches  of  the  Parnahyba,  n.  Piauhy,  originally  determined  as  T.  radiatus,  are 
very  different  from  this  race.  He  believes  them  to  be  referable  to  subradiatus, 
which  is,  however,  hardly  possible  from  geographical  reasons,  and  I  have  little  doubt 
they  rather  belong  to  difficilis,  found  in  the  neighboring  State  of  Goyaz. — C.  E.  H. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  69 

*Thamnophilus   doliatus   radiatus     Vieillot.     AZARA'S   BARRED   ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  radiatus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  3,  1816, 
p.  315  (based  on  "Batara  listado"  Azara,  No.  212:  Paraguay);  SCLATER, 
Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  i,  1855,  p.  237  (descr.);  idem,  P  .Z.  S.  Lond., 
26,  1858,  p.  218  (Paraguay;  Yungas,  Santa  Cruz  de  la  .Sierra,  Chiquitos, 
Moxos,  Bolivia;  descr.  o71,  9);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  78  (Arica, 
Estiva,  Cuyaba,  Matto  Grosso);  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1887,  p.  17 
(Lambarg,  Paraguay);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  94 
(Yungas,  "Reyes"  and  "Falls  of  the  Madeira",  Bolivia);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  210  (Bolivia);  KERR,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  132  (Fortin  Page, 
lower  Pilcomayo);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  5,  1893,  p.  115  (Cha- 
pada,  Matto  Grosso);  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  1895, 
p.  13  (Paraguari,  Colonia  Risso,  Paraguay;  Corumba,  Matto  Grosso);  idem, 
1.  c.,  15,  No.  378,  1900,  p.  9  (Urucum,  sw.  Matto  Grosso);  KERR,  Ibis,  1901, 
p.  277  (Villa  Concepcion,  Paraguay);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires, 
18,  1910,  p.  284  (lower  Pilcomayo);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  520  (Sapucay, 
Paraguay);  GRANT,  1.  c.f  1911,  p.  136  (Boca  de  Homiguera,  sw.  Matto  Grosso; 
Cabo  Emma,  Paraguay);  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  1914,  p.  51  (Asuncion); 
MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  No.  96,  1917,  p.  55  (S.  Luis  de  Caceres, 
Matto  Grosso). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend., 
Ois.,  1838,  p.  194  (Chulumani,  Irupana,  Yungas;  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra, 
Chiquitos,  Moxos,  Bolivia;  descr.  c?  ad.,  o"  juv.,  9  ;  spec,  in  Paris  Museum 
examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  623  (ex  D'Orbigny); 
DARWIN,  Zool.  "Beagle,"  3,  1839,  p.  58  (Maldonado,  Uruguay);  JHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  353  (part;  9,  Avanhandava,  n.  Sao  Paulo); 
idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  199  (Avanhandava,  S.  Paulo;  spec,  exam- 
ined). 

Thamnophilus  nigricristatus  subsp.  subradiatus  (not  of  BERLEPSCH)  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  209  (part;  spec,  a',  b',  Chapada,  Matto 
Grosso). 

Thamnophilus  nigricristatus  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  5, 
1902,  p.  274  (Jaboticabal,  S.  Paulo;  spec,  in  Museu  Paulista  examined); 
idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  200  (Jaboticabal). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  radiatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  194  (Bolivia; 
crit.),  195  (range). 

Range:  Paraguay;  Bolivia;  southwestern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Matto 
Grosso  and  in  the  northern  districts  of  Sao  Paulo  (Jaboticabal,  Avan- 
handava).11 

5:  Brazil  (Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  4),  Bolivia  (Todos  Santos,  Rio 
Chapare*  i). 

•  Its  occurrence  in  Uruguay  where  Darwin  secured  a  single  example  at  Maldo- 
nado is  evidently  quite  exceptional. 


70    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Thamnophilus  doliatus  capistratus  Lesson.*  EAST  BRAZILIAN  BARRED 
ANT  SHRIKE. 

Tkamnophilus  capistratus  LESSON, b  Rev.  Zool.,  3,  1840,  p.  226  ("Bresil"); 
SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  x,  1855,  p.  236  (crit.) ;  idem,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  218  (Brazil;  descr.  of  d*  only);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  209  (Bahia;  "Rio  de  Janeiro");  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges. 
Wien,  53,  1903,  p.  217  (diagn.  o";  Bahia);  idem,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 
Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  655  (crit.;  Lamarao,  Bahia;  descr.  9);  MENEGAUX 
and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  27  (crit.  on 
9 ,  type  of  L.  ruficeps  PUCHERAN)  ;  REISER,  Denkschr.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  76,  1910,  p.  65  (Lamarao,  Bahia  ;Facenda  da  Serra,  Rio  Grande, 
nw.  Bahia;  Parnagua,  Pedrinha,  Lake  of  Parnagua,  s.  Piauhy). 

Thamnophilus  radiatus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  1825,  p.  24,  pi.  35, 
fig-  2  ( =  o"),  pi.  38,  fig.  i  ( =  9 )  ("in  sylvis  Brasiliae;"  o"  examined  in  Munich 
Museum). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2), 
1831,  p.  995  ("Campos  Geraes"). 

Lanius  ruficeps  (Cuvier  Ms.)  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855, 
p.  332  ("Br6sil,  coll.  Aug.  de  Saint  Hilaire";  type  in  Paris  Museum  exam- 
ined; =  9  ad.). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  capistratus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  196  (range). 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia,  Ceara  and  southern 
Piauhy  (Lake  of  Parnagua). 

6:  Bahia  (Macaco  Secco  near  Andarahy)  5,  Ceara  i. 

*Thamnophilus  doliatus  albicans   Lafresnaye".    COLOMBIAN  BARRED 
ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  albicans  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  7,   1844,  p.  82   ("Bogota," 

Colombia);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  148  (Bogota) ;  idem,  Cat.  B. 

Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  210  (Bogota). 
Thamnophilus  radiatus  albicans  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 

1917,  p.  368  (Chicoral,  Honda,  Puerto  Berrio,  Malena,  Nare,  Magdalena 

Valley). 

•  Thamnophilus  doliatus  capistratus  LESSON:  Male  differs  from  all  other  doliatus- 
races  by  having  the  white  markings  on  the  rectrices  smaller  and  restricted  to  the 
outer  web,  the  median  pair  showing,  sometimes,  only  a  few  tiny  spots  along  the 
inner  vane;  the  middle  line  of  the  abdomen  (unbarred)  plain  white  as  in  T.  a.  albi- 
cans. Female  distinguishable  by  having  narrow,  discontinuous,  but  distinct  dusky 
crosslines  on  the  breast,  while  the  throat  is  more  heavily  striped  with  blackish  than 
even  in  doliatus. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Although  Lesson's  description  is  not  very  explicit,  yet  I  think  that  "rectrices 
laterales  noires  ray6es  de  blanc  pur  par  petites  et  tres  courtes  bandelettes"  suits  the 
e.  Brazilian  bird  sufficiently  well  to  allow  his  name  to  stand. — C.  E.  H. 

0  Thamnophilus  doliatus  albicans  LAFRESNAYE:  Male  closely  resembling  T.  d. 
radiatus,  but  black  bars  underneath  narrower,  and  middle  of  abdomen  including 
under  tail  coverts  plain  (unbarred)  white.  Female  hardly  different  from  radiatus, 
sometimes  with  indications  of  dusky  striations  across  chest. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  71 

Range:  Restricted  to  the  upper  Magdalena  Valley,  Colombia;  com- 
mon in  "Bogota"-collections.a 

2:   Colombia  ("Bogota"  i,  Honda  i). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus   zarumae    Chapman.*    ECUADORIAN    BARRED 
ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  zarumae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  18,  Sept.  1921,  p.  6 
(Zaruma,  Prov.  del  Oro,  w.  Ecuador). 

Range :  Southwestern  Ecuador  (provs.  El  Oro  and  Loja)  and  adjoin- 
ing portion  of  Prov.  Piura,  northwestern  Peru. 

"Thamnophilus    doliatus    nigricristatus    Lawrence.     BLACK-CRESTED 
ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  nigricristatus  LAWRENCE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1865,  p.  107 
(Lion  Hill,  Panama  Railroad);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  209 
(part;  Minas  de  Chorcha,  Chiriqui;  Chitra,  Veragua;  Panama;  Santa  Marta); 
SALVIN  and  GOD  MAN,  Biol.  Centrali-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  Feb.  1892,  p.  204 
(part;  Minas  de  Chorcha,  Chiriqui;  Chitra,  Calovevora,  Calobre,  Veragua; 
Paraiso  Station,  Lion  Hill,  Panama) ;  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  46,  1905,  p.  150  (San  Miguel  Isl.),  216  (Sabana  de  Panama). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  nigricristatus  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  1901,  p.  30  (San  Miguel 
Isl.) 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
13,  1900,  p.  161  (Bonda);  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.f  2,  1904,  p.  24 
(Lion  Hill,  Panama). 

Thamnophilus  radiatus  nigricristatus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  No.  50,  Part  5, 
1911,  p.  37  (monogr.,  synon.,  Chiriqui,  Veragua,  Panama,  San  Miguel  Isl.; 
Cartagena,  Santa  Marta,  n.  Colombia);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
1918,  p.  260  (Tabernilla,  Gatun,  Panama);  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Car- 
negie Mus.,  14,  1922,  p.  315  (Mamatoco,  Fundacion,  Dibulla,  Tucurinca, 
Loraa  Larga,  Santa  Marta  district). 

Range :  Panama  (chiefly  in  the  eastern  parts0)  and  Caribbean  coast 
district  of  Colombia  (Cartagena,  Santa  Marta  region). 

3:   Panama  (Balboa). 

•  The  locality  "Carthagena"  given  by  Cabanis  and  Heine  (Mus.  Hein.  2,  1859, 
p.  1 8)  is  no  doubt  a  mistake,  unless  the  bird  be  referable  to  nigricristatus. 

b  Thamnophilus  doliatus  zarumae  CHAPMAN:  Similar  to  T.  d.  albicans  ,but  with 
shorter  wings  and  smaller  bill;  male  with  flanks  and  under  tail  coverts  bright  buff, 
black  bars  beneath  narrower  and  restricted  to  chest;  black  streaks  on  throat  less  pro- 
nounced; axillaries,  under  wing  coverts  and  quill-lining  buff  (instead  of  pure  white) ; 
white  striping  on  forehead  more  extensive.  Female  paler  above  and  below.  Wing 
69 ;  tail  67, 68 ;  bill  1 7-18.  Four  specimens  from  the  type  locality  examined. — C.  E.  H. 

0  The  black-crested  Ant  Shrike  is  the  only  form  occurring  in  Veragua  and  along 
the  (former)  Panama  railroad,  and  while  generally  distinguishable  by  the  broader 
and  more  extensive  black  barring  below,  some  males  closely  approach  albicans,  from 


72    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  pacificus  Ridgway.    PACIFIC  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  pacificus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  Oct.  1908, 
p.  193  (Chinandega,  Nicaragua);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910, 
p.  604  (Pacific  lowlands  and  lower  slopes  of  Costa  Rica);  RIDGWAY,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Mus.,  No.  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  43  (Pacific  slope  of  Central  America, 
from  w.  Panama  (Chiriqui)  to  Chiapas,  se.  Mexico;  monogr.,  synon.). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 

1890,  p.  208  (part);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 

1891,  p.  202  (part);  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  1901,  p.  366  (Divala,  David  .Chiriqui); 
DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Publ.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  1907,  p.  109  (part;  San 
Jos6,  Esquintla;  Lake  Amatitlan,  w.  Guatemala);  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  1907, 
p.  296  (Boruca,  Paso  Real,  Lagarto,  Barranca,  Puntarenas,  w.  Costa  Rica). 

Range:  Pacific  slope  of  Central  America  from  western  Panama 
(Chiriqui)  through  Costa  Rica,  Nicaragua  and  Guatemala  to  Chiapas, 
eastern  Mexico. 

13:  Nicaragua  (San  Geronimo,  Chinandega)  10;  Guatemala  (Lake 
Amatitlan  i,  San  Jose",  Esquintla  i);  Chiriqui  i. 


*Thamnophilus  doliatus  mexicanus  Allen.   MEXICAN  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  affinis  (not  of  SPIX,  1825,  nor  of  D'ORBIGNY  and  LAFRESNAYE, 
1837)  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  17  (Xalapa,  Vera  Cruz). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  mexicanus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889, 
p.  151  (new  name  for  Thamnophilus  affinis,  preoccupied);  RIDGWAY,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Mus.,  No.  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  41  (monogr.,  synon.;  e.  Mexico  in  states 
of  Tamaulipas,  Vera  Cruz,  Puebla,  San  Luis  Potosi,  Oaxaca,  Tabasco  and 
Chiapas;  e.  Nicaragua  and  e.  Costa  Rica). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 

1890,  p.  200  (part);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves  2, 

1891,  p.  202  (part);  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Publ.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i, 
1907,  p.  109  (part;  Los  Amates,  e.  Guatemala). 

Thamnophilus  intermedius  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  10,  Aug.  1888,  p.  581 
(Truxillo,  Honduras). 

Range:  Caribbean  slope  of  Central  America,  from  eastern  Mexico 
to  eastern  Costa  Rica. 

15:  Mexico  ("Mexico"  i,  Vall6s,  San  Luis  Potosi  i,  Tampico,  Tam- 
aulipas 3)  5;  Guatemala  (Los  Amates,  Izabel  5,  Vera  Paz  i,  Chapulco  i) 
7;  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua)  2;  Costa  Rica  (Guayabo)  i. 

"Bogota"  and  the  upper  Magdalena  Valley.  In  w.  Panama  (on  the  slopes  of  the 
volcano  of  Chiriqui)  T.  d.  pacificus,  with  the  crown-feathers  extensively  white  at 
the  base  in  the  male  sex  is  by  far  the  predominating  form;  but  I  have  seen  a  few, 
notably  a  male  from  Minas  de  Chorcha  and  another  from  El  Banco,  Chiriqui,  which 
were  hardly  distinguishable  from  the  black-crested  nigricristatus,  although  slightly 
intermediate  in  coloration  between  this  and  pacificus.- -C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  73 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  yucatanensis  Ridgway.   YUCATAN  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  yucatanensis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  Aug. 
1908,  p.  193  (Temax,  Yucatan) ;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  191 1,  p.  44 
(Yucatan;  Meco,  Cozumel  Isl.;  Campeche;  monogr.,  synon.). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1891,  p.  202  (part;  Yucatan,  Meco,  Cozumel). 

Range:  Yucatan,  including  Meco  and  Cozumel  islands,  and  Cam- 
peche; possibly  also  arid  coast  belt  of  Tamaulipas. 

*Thamnophilusmultistriatus  Lafresnaye.  BARRED-CRESTED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  multistriatus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  7,  1844,  p.  82  ("Colombie," 
=  Bogota) ;  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Philos.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  i,  1855,  p.  238  (descr. 
o",  9);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  219  (descr.  <?,  9;  Bogota); 
WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  333  (Ocafia);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  p.  524  (Concordia,  Medellin,  Antioquia);  BERLEPSCH,  Journ,  Ornith., 
32,  1884,  p.  307  (Bucaramanga) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  211  ("Panama"  and  Colombia  [Bogota,  Medellin,  Concordia]);  STONE, 
Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1899,  p.  306  (Antioquia);  RIDGWAY,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  45  (Colombia);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  368  (Los  Cisneros,  Caldas,  Salencio,  Las  Lomitas, 
San  Antonio,  w.  Andes;  La  Frijolera,  Cali,  Cauca  Valley;  Miraflores,  Salento, 
c.  Andes;  La  Candela,  head  of  Magdalena;  Andalucia,  Fusugasuga,  western 
slope  of  e.  Andes). 

Range :  Subtropical  zone  of  western  and  central,  and  west  slope  of 
eastern  Andes  of  Colombia." 

5:  Colombia  (Amalfi,  Antioquia  2,  "Bogota"  i,  San  Antonio  i, 
Palo  Hueco  near  Pacho,  Cundinamarca  i). 

Thamnophilus  tenuepunctatus  tenuepunctatus  Lafresnaye.   LINED  ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  tenuepunctatus  LAFRESNAYE,b  Rev.  and  Mag.  Zool.,  (2nd  ser.), 
5t  1853,  p.  339  ("Anolaima  in  Colombia"8). 

Thamnophilus  tenuipunctatus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1858,  p.  219  (Bogota; 
=  o");  BERLEPSCH,  Zeitschr.  ges.  Ornith.,  4,  1887,  p.  185  (Bogota);  SCLATER, 

•  There  is  no  evidence  of  the  species  having  ever  occurred  in  Panama.  Sclater's 
"record"  appears  to  be  due  to  a  mere  pen-slip. 

b  Although  Lafresnaye,  in  his  original  description,  makes  the  misleading  state- 
ment: "remigibus  atris,  vexillo  interno  tantummodo  maculis  triangularibus,  latioribus 
albis  marginato,"  Mr.  Outram  Bangs  (in  litt.)  tells  me  that  the  type  (now  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  No.  76,751)  has  distinct,  though  small  white  spots  on  the  outer  web 
as  well.— C.  E.  H. 

e  I  cannot  help  thinking  that  there  is  some  mistake  regarding  the  locality,  since 
T.  t.  tenuepunctatus,  otherwise,  has  only  been  found  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the 
e.  Andes,  while  on  the  west  slope,  T.  multistriatus  appears  to  take  its  place. — C.  E.  H. 


74    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  211  (part;  Bogotd,  Colombia);  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  368  (Villa vicencio,  e.  slope  of 
e.  Andes). 

Range :  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia. 

Thamnophilus  tenuepunctatus  tenuifasciatus  Lawrence.*   LAWRENCE'S 
LINED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  tenuifasciatus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  1867, 
p.  468  (Rio  Napo,  Ecuador;  type  in  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist,  examined);  CHAP- 
MAN, Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  368  in  text  (crit.  on  type). 

Thamnophilus  doliatus  ?  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1858,  p.  457  (Zamora,  e.  Ecua- 
dor; specimen  examined);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  175  (part; 
spec,  d,  Zamora). 

Thamnophilus  tenuipunctatus  ?  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1885,  p.  99  (Mapoto,  e.  Ecuador);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  211  (part;  specimen  i,  j,  Zamora,  Jima,  e.  Ecuador). 

Thamnophilus  puncticeps  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  212  (part; 
specimen  d,  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador). 

Thamnophilus  berlepschi  (nee  TACZANOWSKI)  SALVADOR:  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus. 
Torino,  15,  No.  362,  1899,  P-  28  (Gualaquiza,  Zamora,  e.  Ecuador;  speci- 
mens examined). 

Range:  Eastern  Ecuador  (Zamora,  Gualaquiza,  Mapoto,  Jima, 
Sarayacu). 

Thamnophilus  tenuepunctatus  berlepschi  Taczanowski*  BERLEPSCH'S 
LINED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  berlepschi  TACZANOWSKI,  Ornith.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  22  (Huambo, 
Chirimoto,  n.  Peru);  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  i,  No.  20,  Dec.  1910, 
p.  321  (Nuevo  Loreto,  Rio  Mixiollo,  Huallaga). 

•  Thamnophilus  tenuepunctatus  tenuifasciatus:  Differs,  in  the  male  sex,  from 
T.  t.  tenuepunctatus  of  Colombia,  by  having  the  white  cross-lines  on  back,  upper 
wing  coverts  and  secondaries  decidedly  broader  (about  imm.  wide)  as  well  as  more 
regular,  and  the  forehead  more  densely  striped  with  white.  Besides,  the  rectrices, 
instead  of  being  marked  with  some  isolated  small  marginal  spots,  have  on  either 
web  a  number  of  distinct  white  cross-bars  separated  from  one  another  along  the 
shaft  by  a  black  interspace,  from  two  to  four  millimetres  wide;  the  black  and  white 
bands  on  the  under  parts  are  nearly  of  equal  width,  while  in  T.  t.  tenuepunctatus, 
the  black  bands  are  two  or  three  times  as  broad  as  the  white  ones.  Five  adult  males 
•from  Zamora  and  Gualaquiza  were  compared  with  five  males  from  "Bogota"  and 
three  from  Villavicencio.  The  type  of  T.  tenuifasciatus  is  a  young  male  molting 
from  the  juvenile  livery  with  rufous-edged  wings  into  the  black-and-white  plumage 
of  the  adult.  The  female  of  T.  t.  tenuifasciatus  (two  from  Zamora  examined)  is  very 
similar  to  that  of  T.  multistriatus,  but  more  heavily  marked  with  black  on  sides  of 
head  and  throat,  and  more  broadly  barred  with  black  on  breast  and  belly. — C.  E.H. 

b  Thamnophilus  tenuepunctatus  berlepschi:  Two  males  from  Huayabamba  and 
Nuevo  Loreto,  the  only  ones  I  have  seen,  differ  from  T.  t.  tenuifasciatus  of  Ecuador, 
by  the  white  cross-lines  on  the  back,  secondaries  and  tail  being  continuous,  not  inter- 
rupted in  the  middle;  underneath,  the  two  races  are  perfectly  alike.  A  female  is 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  75 

Thamnophilus  tenuipunctatus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1882,  p.  29  (Chirimoto,  Huambo);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  211  (part;  specimens  from  Chirimoto  and  Huayapampa,  Peru). 

Thamnophilus  tenuifasciatus  (not  of  Lawrence)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou,  2, 
1884,  p.  21  (i  o"  ad.  Moyobamba,  Peru). 

Range:   Northern  Peru,  in  depts.  Amazonas  and  Loreto. 

i:  Peru  (Poco  Tambo,  near  Ucho,  40  miles  east  of  Chachapoyas). 

*Thamnophilus    palliatus    (Lichtenstein).      CHESTNUT-BACKED    ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Lanius  palliatus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  46  (Bahia, 
e.  Brazil). 

Thamnophilus  palliatus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1010  (se. 
Brazil);  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2, 
p.  ii  (Chiquitos,  e.  Bolivia);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  m6rid.,  Ois.,  1838, 
p.  174  (Guarayos,  e.  Bolivia);  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856, 
p.  99  (Aldea  da  Pedra,  Rio  de  Janeiro) ;  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ., 
(n.  s.),  i,  1855,  p.  239  (diagn.,  range);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1858,  p.  219 
(diagn.,  range);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  78  (Rio  de  Janeiro, 
Registo  do  Sai,  Sapitiba,  Rio;  Para;  Engenho  do  Capt.  Gama,  w.  Matto 
Grosso);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  576  (Pard);  Layard, 
Ibis,  1873,  p.  386  (Para);  EULER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1868,  p.  159  (Cantagallo; 
breeding  habits);  CABANIS,  1.  c.,  1874,  p.  86  (Cantagallo);  TACZANOWSKI, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  53°  (Amable  Maria,  S.  Bartolome1,  Auquimarqua, 
Peru);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1879,  p.  623  (Tilotilo,  Consati,  Bolivia); 
FORBES,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  347  (Parahyba;  Macuca,  Garanhuns,  Pernambuco); 
TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  a,  1884,  p.  17  (Peru);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  212  (Para,  Pernambuco,  Bahia,  Novo  Friburgo,  Brazil); 
JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Cantagallo;  Novo  Friburgo); 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  366  (San  Antonio  do  Prata,  Para); 
SNETHLAGE,  Joum.  Ornith.,  1907,  p.  283  (Rio  Moju,  Pard,  Prata,  Ourem); 
idem,  1.  c.,  1908,  p.  510  (Villa  Braga,  Tapaj6z) ;  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat. 
Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  201  (Bahia;  Rio  Doce,  Esp.  Santo);  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  273  (Pard,  Quati-puru,  S.  Antonio  do  Prata, 
Braganca;  Rio  Guamd;  Rio  Moju;  R.  Tocantins  [Baiao];  R.  Tapaj6z  [Villa 
Braga]);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  201  (e.  Bolivia;  crit.). 

Thamnophilus  palliatus  palliatus  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  math, 
phys.  Kl.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  92  (Para-localities). 

Thamnophilus  lineatus(  not  of  VIEILLOT,  1816)  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  1825,  p.  24, 
pl-  33i  fig-  *  (o" ),  2(9)  (no  locality);  see  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr. 
Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3*  1906,  p.  655  (crit.;  =T.  palliatus);  TSCHUDI,  Faun. 
Peru.,  Aves,  1846,  p.  171  (Peru). 

Thamnophilus  fasciatus  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  No.  5,  April,  1825,  p.  88 
(Urup€,  Bahia). 

more  broadly  barred  with  black  below  than  those  from  Ecuador,  and  I  am  unable 
to  distinguish  it  from  that  of  T.  palliatus.  The  white  spotting  of  the  crown  which 
induced  Taczanowski  to  admit  two  species  in  Peru,  is  a  variable  character  as  shown 
by  the  series  of  males  from  Ecuador. — C.  E.  H. 


76    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Lanius  vestitus  LESSON,  Traitd  d'Ornith.,  livr.  5,  end  of  1830,  p.  375  (new  name 

for  Thamnophilus  lineatus  SPIX,  pi.  33:  "Brdsil");  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus. 

Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855,  p.  328  (Bresil;  type  examined  by  C.  E.  H.  in  Paris 

Museum;  «=  d"). 
Thamnophilus  badius  SWAINSON,  Ornith.  Drawings,  Part  5, 1840  (?),  pi.  65  ( =  cf) ; 

Part  6,  1841,  pi.  66  (=  9). 
Thamnophilus  puncticeps  SCLATER,  Cat.  Birds  Brit.  Mus.,  15,   1890,  p.  212 

(part;  types  from  Tilotilo  and  Consati,  Yungas  of  La  Paz,  Bolivia). 
Thamnophilus  palliatus  puncticeps  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond,. 

1896,  p.  380  (Garita  del  Sol,  Peru);  idem,  Ornis,  13,  1906,  p.  116  (Huayna- 

pata,  se.  Peru). 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Espirito  Santo 
north  to  Para,  west  to  the  Tapaj6z;  Matto  Grosso ;  eastern  and  northern 
Bolivia;  central  and  southeastern  Peru  (depts.  Junin,  Huanuco  and 
Cuzco).a 

12:  Peru  (Chinchao  3,  Huachipa  3,  Vista  Alegre  4),  Brazil  (Tury- 
assu,  Maranhao  2). 

Thamnophilus  nigriceps  Sclater.b  TURBO  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  nigriceps  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "1868,"  Part  4,  publ.  April 
1869,  p.  571  ("Bogota";  the  type  examined  by  C.  E.  H.  in  the  British  Museum 
is  certainly  not  a  "Bogota"  skin,  its  "make"  being  more  like  the  skins  sent 

•  Having  now  examined  a  satisfactory  series  of  fifteen  specimens  from  Peru  and 
Bolivia,  I  fail  to  see  how  T.  puncticeps  can  be  separated,  even  subspecifically,  from 
T.  palliatus,  of  Brazil.  The  coloration  of  the  head  in  the  male  is  extremely  vari- 
able individually,  birds  with  nearly  uniform  black  pileum  and  others  with  more  or 
less  white  spotting  being  found  alike  in  the  Andean  districts  and  in  Brazil.  The 
rufescent  wash  on  the  flanks  is  not  a  reliable  character  either,  though  it  must  be 
admitted  that  some  Peruvian  birds  have  more  rufous  than  any  from  Brazil;  yet  the 
majority  from  the  west  are  not  distinguishable  on  this  score  from  typical  palliatus. 
Peruvian  birds  possibly  average  slightly  larger. 

Adult  males  from  various  localities  measure  as  follows: 

Seven  from  Bahia,  wing,  72,  73,  73,  73,  74,  74,  75;  tail,  61,  63,  66,  66,  68,  68. 

One  from  Espirito  Santo,  wing,  74;  tail,  65. 

One  from  Mojos,  e.  Bolivia,  wing,  72;  tail,  64. 

One  from  Tilotilo,  n.  Bolivia,  wing,  72 ;  tail,  64^. 

Two  from  Huachipa,  Peru,  wing,  73,  77;  tail,  66,  70. 

One  from  Chinchao,  Peru,  wing,  79;  tail,  75. 

Two  from  Vista  Alegre,  wing,  75,  75^;  tail,  66,  70. 

One  from  Chanchamayo,  wing,  79;  tail,  74. 

b  Thamnophilus  nigriceps  SCLATER:  The  adult  male  is  dull  black,  slightly  more 
sooty  on  the  flanks;  under  wing  coverts  mostly  white,  more  or  less  edged  and  spotted 
with  blackish;  no  trace  of  a  white  interscapular  patch.  Wing  74-78;  tail  63-66;  bill 
17^-19-  In  proportions  of  wing  and  tail,  it  agrees  with  T.  bridgesi  which  it  also 
resembles  in  the  black  general  coloration,  but  may  be  distinguished  by  lacking  the 
white  apical  spots  on  the  upper  wing  coverts  and  lateral  rectrices  as  well  as  the  white 
inner  margin  to  the  quills,  while  the  under  parts  are  of  a  deeper,  less  slaty-black.  The 
style  of  coloration  in  the  female  sex,  notably  the  light  striping  on  top  and  sides  of 
the  head,  throat  and  chest  is  another  irrefutable  sign  of  the  near  relationship  of  the 
two  birds.  In  view  of  these  facts,  I  cannot  possibly  separate  T.  bridgesi  as  a 
different  genus  (Abalius),  merely  on  account  of  its  much  larger  bill. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  77 

from  n.  Colombia  (Baranquilla) ;  =  9  ad.);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  194,  pi.  12  ( =  9 )  ("Bogota") ;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  365  (crit.,  male  descr.;  Atrato  River;  Iguamiando,  upper  Atrato; 
Algodonal,  Puerto  Berrio,  Malena,  west  of  Honda,  lower  Magdalena;  El  Real, 
Tapaliza,  e.  Panama);  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922, 
p.  314  (Tucurinca,  Terras  Nuevas,  Trojas  de  Cataca,  Fundaci6n,  west  edge 
of  Santa  Marta  distr.). 

ThamnophUus  virgatus  LAWRENCE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  22,  "1868,"  publ. 
April  27,  1869,  p.  361  (Turbo,  e.  side  of  Gulf  of  Uraba) ;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centrali-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  199  (Turbo). 

ThamnophUus  virgatus  virgatus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  46  (Turbo). 

ThamnophUus  sp.,  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860,  p.  189,  No.  87 
(Turbo;  two  females). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  eastern  Panama  (El  Real  and  Tapaliza 
in  Darien)  and  northern  Colombia,  from  the  Atrato  River  east  to  the 
western  edge  of  the  Santa  Marta  region  (Tucurinca,  Terras  Nuevas, 
Trojas  de  Cataca,  Fundaci6n)  and  down  the  Magdalena  River  so  far 
south  as  Honda.' 


*Thamnophilus  bridges!  Sclater.   BRIDGES'S  ANT  SHRIKE. 

ThamnophUus  bridgesi  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  Aug.,  1856,  p.  141  (David, 
Chiriqui,  w.  Panama;  descr.  9);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  194 
(Bugaba,  Mina  de  Chorcha,  Chiriqui);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  199,  pi.  49,  fig.  2  (=  9)  (Costa  Rica,  Chiriqui); 
CHERRIE,  Auk,  10,  1893,  p.  279  (crit.;  sexual  difference,  habits;  Costa  Rica); 
BANGS,  Auk,  24,  1907,  p.  296  (sw.  Costa  Rica);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 
Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  601  (w.  Costa  Rica). 

Abalius  bridgesi  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  25  (sw.  Costa 
Rica  and  w.  Panama). 

ThamnophUus  punctatus  (not  Lanius  punctatus  SHAW  1809)  CABANIS,  Journ. 
Ornith.,  9,  1861,  p.  241  (Costa  Rica;  =  o*);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  191  (Costa  Rica;  Bugaba,  Mina  de  Chorcha,  Chiriqui);  SALVIN 
and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  198,  pi.  49,  fig.  i  (=  cf) 
(Costa  Rica,  Chiriqui). 

Range:   Southwestern  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chiriqui). 

7:  Costa  Rica  (Boruca  i,  Lagarto  3,  Pozo  Azul  i),  Panama  (Chi- 
riqui 2). 

•  Specimens  from  El  Tambor,  Rio  Lebrija,  n.  Santander,  kindly  loaned  by 
Mr.  W.  E.  C.  Todd,  indicate  the  probable  existence  of  a  slightly  different  race  in  the 
Magdalena  Valley.  Its  correct  name  can  be  decided  only  by  a  careful  reexamination 
of  the  type  in  the  British  Museum. — C.  E.  H. 


78    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnophilus  nigrocinereus*  nigrocinereus  Sclater.    SCLATER'S  CIN- 
EREOUS ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  nigro-cinereus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  April  1855,  p.  19, 
pi.  81  ("Pard"=Rio  Tocantins,  Est.  Para);  idem,  Edinb.  New  Phil. 
Journ.,  (n.  s.),  i,  1855,  p.  246  (diag.  cf,  9  ;  "Para");  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
26,  1858,  p.  212  ("Para";  diag.  o",  9);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862, 
p.  173  (Brazil) ;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  575  (Rio  Tocan- 
tins, Mexiana) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  194  (Rio  Tocantins, 
Mexiana,  "Pard");  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  197 
("Pard,"  Tocantins);  HAGMANN,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  26,  No.  i,  1907,  p.  33 
(Mexiana);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  283  (Mexiana,  Maraj6; 
"Pard"  =  Ilha  das  Oncas);  idem,  1.  c.,  56,  1908,  p.  538  (Rio  Tocantins); 
idem,  1.  c.,  61,  1913,  p.  528  (habits;  Maraj6,  Mexiana,  islands  in  delta  of 
Amazons  and  lower  Tocantins;  high  campos  near  Monte  Alegre);  idem,  Bol. 
Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  269  (Ilha  das  Oncas,  Tocantins  (Ilha  Itaiuna), 
Maraj6  (S.  Natal),  Mexiana;  Arumanduba,  Monte  Alegre). 

Thamnophilus  nigrocinereus  nigrocinereus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910, 
P-  337  ("Pard,"  R.  Tocantins,  Mexiana,  Maraj6,  Monte  Alegre;  crit.,  descr. 
o",  9);  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Akad.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2, 
1912,  p.  113,  120  (Mexiana;  variation,  range). 

Thamnophilus  sp.?  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  575  ("Ama- 
zons"). 

Thamnophilus  cinereo-niger  (not  of  PELZELN)  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55, 
1907,  P-  283  (Maraj6,  Monte  Alegre;  spec,  in  Museu  Goeldi  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  north  bank  of  lower  Amazon  (Aruman- 
duba, Monte  Alegre),  islands  in  the  delta  of  the  Amazon  (Ilha  das 
Oncas,  Maraj6,  Mexiana)  and  inlets  of  lower  Tocantins. 

•  Key  to  the  races  of  Thamnophilus  nigrocinereus. 
A — Back  sooty  gray  or  black,  under  parts  slate-gray  or  black  (adult  males). 

a — Entire  back  (except  white  dorsal  patch)  black . . .  T.  nigrocinereus  tschudii. 
b — Lower  back  and  rump  slate-gray. 

a' — Top  and  sides  of  head  as  well  as  mantle  deep  sooty  black,  with  silky 
gloss;  under  parts  darker  slate-gray. 
i — Throat  darker  than  breast,  frequently  sooty  black;  lower  tail  coverts 

uniform  slate-gray T.  nigrocinereus  nigrocinereus. 

2 — Throat  slate-gray  like  abdomen;  lower  tail  coverts  broadly  tipped 

with  white T.  nigrocinereus  huberi. 

b' — Top  of  head  dull  blackish,  mantle  sooty  gray,  clouded  with  blackish; 
sides  of  head  sooty  gray;  under  parts  lighter  slate-gray,  lower  tail  coverts 

tipped  with  white T.  nigrocinereus  cinereoniger. 

B — Back  olive  or  rufous  brown;  under  parts  ferruginous  or  rufous  brown  (females). 

a — Throat  sooty  black,  back  chestnut  brown T.  nigrocinereus  tschudii. 

b — Throat  ferruginous  like  remaining  under  parts. 

a' — Crown  sooty  black,  sides  of  head  duller  blackish. 

i — Back  olive  brown,  tail  dusky T.  nigrocinereus  nigrocinereus. 

2 — Back  warm  rufescent  brown;  tail  dull  rufous  brown 

T.  nigrocinereus  huberi. 

b' — Crown  and  sides  of  head  slate-gray. 

i — Back  warm  rufescent  brown;  wings  and  tail  bright  rufous  brown 

T.   nigrocinereus  cinereoniger. 

2 — Back  grayish  olive;  wings  and  tail  brownish  olive 

T.  nigrocinereus  kulczynskii. 


1924-  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  79 

Thamnophilus  nigrocinereus  huberi  Snethlage.*    HUBER'S  CINEREOUS 

ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  huberi  SNETHLAGE,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  15,  Oct.  1907,  p.  161 
(Ilha  de  Goyana,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  types  in  Museu  Goeldi  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  509  (same  locality);  idem,  1.  c.f 
61,  1913,  p.  528  (Lower  Tapaj6z);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  270 
(Goyana,  Rio  Tapaj6z). 

Thamnophilus  nigrocinereus  huberi  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  338 
(Santarem,  Ilha  Goyana,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  crit.,  diag.  o",  9). 

Thamnophilus  cinereo-niger  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  76  (part,  Tapaj6z; 
spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.) ;  CHAPMAN  and  RIKER,  Auk, 
8,  1891,  p.  28  (Santarem);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907, 
p.  197  (part;  Tapaj6z). 

Range:   Northern  Brazil,  banks  and  islands  of  the  Rio  Tapaj6z. 

Thamnophilus  nigrocinereus  cinereoniger  Peheln.    PELZELN'S  CINER- 
EOUS ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  cinereoniger  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  76,  143  (above 
Ayrao,  near  Villa  de  Moura,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro;  Rio  Vaup6s;  Rio 
Amajau;  type  from  Rio  Amajau,  No.  16,573  in  Vienna  Museum  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  193  (part;  Rio 
Amajau,  Rio  Negro);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  69 
(Altagracia,  Munduapo,  Maipures,  Rio  Orinoco,  Venezuela);  JHERING  and 
JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  197  (part;  Rio  Negro,  Venezuela); 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  269  (part;  Rio  Negro);  CHERRIE, 
Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  276  (Altagracia  [rare],  common 
beyond  the  second  falls  of  Maipures,  R.  Orinoco). 

Thamnophilus  nigrocinereus  cinereoniger  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910, 
p.  338  (Rio  Negro,  from  Ayrao  upwards;  Altagracia,  Maipures,  Munduapo, 
R.  Orinoco). 

Range:  Northwestern  Brazil,  on  the  Rio  Negro  (from  Ayrao  up- 
wards), and  southern  Venezuela,  on  the  upper  stretches  of  the  Orinoco 
(from  Altagracia  upwards). 

Thamnophilus    nigrocinereus    kulczynskii    (Domaniewski   and    Stolz- 

mann).b     KULCZYNSKI'S  CINEREOUS  ANT  SHRIKE. 
Myrmelastes  kulczynskii  DOMANIEWSKI  and  STOLZMANN,  Discipl.  Biol.  Archiv. 
Soc.  Scient.  Varsav.,  i,  No.  8,  1922,  p.  —  (Sep.  p.  2)  (Ouassa,  French  Guiana; 
descr.   9 ). 

•  Thamnophilus  nigrocinereus  huberi  SNETHLAGE:  Male  agreeing  with  T.  n.  nigro- 
cinereus in  sooty  black  crown  and  upper  back,  and  dull  black  sides  of  head,  but 
differs  by  having  the  throat  slate-gray  like  remainder  of  under  parts,  and  the  under 
tail  coverts  broadly  edged  with  white.  Female  also  distinguishable  by  its  sooty  black 
pileum,  darker  gray  sides  of  head,  and  the  deeper  rufous  brown  edges  to  the  upper 
wing  coverts,  remiges  and  rectrices.  Wing  (o*)  82,  (9)  78^-80;  tail  (o")  67, 
(9)  62-64;  bill  20-21.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Thamnophilus  nigrocinereus  kulczynskii  (DoMAN.  and  STOLZM.):  Female  similar 
to  T.  n.  cinereoniger,  from  the  Rio  Negro  and  upper  Orinoco,  in  having  the  pileum 


8o    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnophilus  cinereoniger  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  193  (part;  Oyapoc,  Cayenne);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908, 
p.  151  (Oyapoc). 

Range:  French  Guiana  (Ouassa,  Oyapoc). 

Thamnophilus  nigrocinereus  tschudii  Pelzeln.   TSCHUDI'S  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  tschudii  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  76,  141  (Borba, 
Rio  Madeira;  types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  191  (Borba;  Iquitos,  ne.  Peru);  JHERING  and 
JEERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  196  (Borba;  Peru);  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  270  (Rio  Madeira;  ne.  Peru). 

Thamnophilus  nigrocinereus  tschudii  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  337 
(Borba),  339  (Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  Nauta,  Iquitos,  R.  Marafion,  ne.  Peru; 
crit.,  diag.  cf,  9 ). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira,  northern  Brazil; 
Nauta,  Iquitos,  R.  Marafion,  northeastern  Peru. 

Thamnophilus  aethiops  aethiops  Sclater.    WHITE-SHOULDERED  ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  aethiops  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  65  (Rio  Napo, 
e.  Ecuador;  descr.  o",  9),  212  (same  locality),  457  (Zamora,  e.  Ecuador); 
idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  173  (Rio  Napo);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  190,  pi.  ii  (fig.  d%  9)  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador); 
SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  27 
(Zamora);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  64  (Coca,  upper  Napo;  spec,  in 
Tring  Museum  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  339  (e.  Ecu- 
ador). 

Thamnophilus  aethiops  aethiops  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  340  (diagn. 
o",  9  ;  Coca,  upper  Napo;  Sarayacu,  Zamora,  e.  Ecuador). 

Range:  Eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu,  Zamora). 

Thamnophilus    aethiops    occidentalis    Chapman*     CHAPMAN'S    ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  aethiops  occidentalis  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  86, 
Aug.  1923,  p.  2  (Cocal,  w.  Andes  of  Colombia;  type  in  Amer.  Mus.  of  Nat. 
Hist,  examined). 

Range:  Western  Andes  of  Colombia. 

sooty  gray,  but  back  and  edges  to  quills  and  rectrices  dull  grayish  or  brownish  olive 
instead  of  warm  rufescent  brown.  Wing  80;  tail  60.  A  single  female  from  Oyapoc, 
French  Guiana,  which  I  have  examined  in  the  British  Museum,  is  evidently  referable 
to  this  newly  described  form  of  which  the  male  is  unknown. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Thamnophilus  aethiops  occidentalis  CHAPMAN:  Male  similar  to  T.  a.  aethiops, 
but  upper  parts,  throat  and  foreneck  duller,  sooty  black  rather  than  jet  black, 
and  with  distinct,  through  small  white  apical  spots  to  the  wing  coverts.  Wing  73; 
tail  58;  bill  1 8.  Female  unknown. — C.  E.  H. 


1 924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  81 

Thamnophilus  aethiops  polionotus  Pelzeln*  NATTERER'S  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  polionotus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  77,  147  (Mara- 
bitanas  [type]  and  Barcellos,  Rio  Negro,  Brazil;  type  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  339  (crit.;  Marabitanas, 
Barcellos,  Rio  Negro;  Nicare,  La  Pricion,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela;  "Oyapoc," 
French  Guiana);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  197 
(range  ex  HELLMAYR);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  151  ("Oyapoc," 
French  Guiana);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  275 
(La  Pricion,  Nicare,  Caura  R.);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914, 
p.  270  (range;  excl.  Rio  Madeira). 

Thamnophilus  aethiops  polionotus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1900,  p.  339,  340 
(diagn.  d\  9;  Venezuela  [Caura  R.];  Rio  Negro;  "Oyapoc,"  French  Guiana; 
excl.  Humaytha). 

Thamnophilus  tristis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  1873,  p.  160 
("Oyapoc,"  French  Guiana;  type  [cf]  in  British  Museum  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  195  ("Oyapoc,"  French 
Guiana);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  338  (crit.;  =  T.  polionotus 
PELZELN). 

Thamnophilus  sp.  inc.,  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  69 
(La  Pricion,  Nicare,  Caura  River;  spec,  in  Tring  Museum  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Northwestern  Brazil  (Marabitanas  and  Barcellos,  on  the 
Rio  Negro)  and  eastern  Venezuela  (La  Union  and  Nicare,  Caura 
River). » 

*Thamnophilus  aethiops  kapouni  Seilern.'  SEILERN'S  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  aethiops  kapouni  SEILERN,  Verhandl.  Orn.  Ges.  Bayern,  n,  Heft  4, 
Dec.  1913,  p.  277  (Yahuarmayo,  Carabaya,  se.  Peru;  type  in  Museum  Seilern 
examined);  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  83  (Yahuar- 
mayo, San  Gaban,  Carabaya;  Chuchurras  near  Pozuzo,  Dept.  Huanuco, 
Peru;  San  Mateo,  n.  Bolivia). 

•  Thamnophilus  aethiops  polionotus  PELZELN:  Male  differs  from  T.  a,  aethiops  by 
plumbeous  (instead  of  deep  black)  general  coloration,  with  the  cap  only  blackish, 
and  by  having  well-defined  though  small  white  apical  spots  to  all  of  the  upper  wing 
coverts  Female  distinguishable  by  lighter  rufous  (instead  of  chestnut)  brown  col- 
oration and  rufous  brown  (not  blackish)  rectrices.  o",  wing  73-76;  tail  59-61; 
9,  wing  72-75;  tail  58-64.— C.  E.  H. 

b  The  locality  "Oyapoc,  Cayenne"  given  for  the  type  of  T.  tristis  on  the  author- 
ity of  Madame  Verdey,  a  natural  history  dealer  of  Paris  requires  confirmation. 
A  specimen  in  male  plumage,  said  to  be  from  "Pernambuco"  (through  a  certain 
Mr.  Craven,  1885)  in  the  British  Museum  differs  in  various  respects  and  does  not 
appear  to  belong  to  T  a.  polionotus.  The  occurrence  of  any  member  of  this  group 
in  e.  Brazil  is  altogether  unlikely. — C.  E.  H. 

8  Thamnophilus  aethiops  kapouni  SEILERN:  Male  differs  from  T.  a,  polionotus  in 
darker,  deep  slaty  plumage  and  by  lacking  the  white  apical  spots  to  the  median  and 
greater  upper  wing  coverts;  female  hardly  distinguishable  by  its  slightly  darker 
rufescent  brown  flanks,  d"  (three),  wing  73-76;  tail  60-62;  bill  i7#-i8>£;  9  (four), 
wing  73-76;  tail  56-58;  bill  ijyt-ig. — C.  E.  H. 


82    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range :  Central  and  southeastern  Peru  in  depts.  of  Huanuco  and 
northern  portion  of  Puno  (north  slope  of  Sierra  de  Carabaya) ;  northern 
Bolivia  (San  Mateo). 

4:   Peru  (Huachipa). 

Thamnophilus  aethiops  juruanus  Jhering*  JHERING'S  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  juruanus  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paulista,  6,  May  1905,  p.  439, 
pi.  16,  fig.  i  (c?)  (Rio  Jurua,  w.  Brazil;  type  in  Museu  Paulista  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  339  (Rio  Jurua);  JHERING 
and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  197  (Rio  Jurua). 

Thamnophilus  aethiops  juruanus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  340  (Rio 
Jurua;  Monte  Verde,  Rio  Punis;  diagn.  d"). 

Thamnophilus  iuruanus  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  15  (Monte 
Verde,  Rio  Punis;  one  c?  in  Museu  Goeldi  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  271  (Monte  Verde,  Rio  Punis;  diag.  d"). 

Range :   Western  Brazil,  on  the  banks  of  the  rivers  Jurua  and  Purus. 

Thamnophilus  aethiops  punctuliger  Pelzeln.b   DOTTED  ANT  SHRIKE. 
Thamnophilus  punctuliger  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  77,  146  (Borba, 

Rio  Madeira;  descr.   cf,  type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  HELLMAYR, 

Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  339  (crit.);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz., 

i,  1907,  p.  197  (Borba);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  1908,  p.  509  (Villa 

Braga,  Rio  Tapaj6z);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  270  (Villa  Braga); 

idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  61,  1913,  p.  509  (ranging  east  to  the  Xingu). 
Thamnophilus  aethiops  punctuliger  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,   17,   1910,  p.  339 

(Calama,  Allianca,  Maroins,  Rio  Madeira),  341  (diag.  cf,   9  ;  Rio  Madeira, 

Villa  Braga,  Rio  Tapajdz). 
Thamnophilus  simplex  (not  of  SCLATER)  CHAPMAN  and  RIKER,  Auk,  8,  1891, 

p.  28  (Santarem,  Rio  Tapaj<5z). 
Thamnophilus  polionotus  (not  of  PELZELN)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907, 

p.  369  (Humaytha). 

Thamnophilus  aethiops  polionotus  (err.)  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  339  (Humaytha). 
Thamnophilus  incertus  (not  of  PELZELN)  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 

1914,  p.  271  (part;  Villa  Braga,  Tapajdz;  Victoria,  Rio  Xingu). 

Range:  Brazilian  Amazonia,  from  the  Rio  Madeira  and  northern 
Matto  Grosso  (Morinho  Lyra)  east  to  the  Xingu.0 

•  Thamnophilus  aethiops  juruanus  JHERING:  Male  resembles  T.  a.  kapouni  in 
lacking  the  white  apical  spots  to  median  and  greater  upper  wing  coverts,  but  is  of 
a  much  clearer  plumbeous  coloration  like  T.  a.  polionotus.  Wing  75-79;  tail  61-63. 
Female  unknown. — C.  E.  H. 

b Thamnophilus  aethiops  punctuliger  PELZELN:  Male  like  T.  a.  juruanus,  with 
blackish  cap  and  clear  plumbeous  plumage,  but  with  white  apical  spots  to  all  the 
upper  wing  coverts,  and  interscapular  feathers  with  more  or  less  white  at  their 
bases,  forming  a  small  concealed  light  patch.  Female  very  similar  to  T.  a.  polionotus, 
but  averaging  lighter.  d",  wing  73-77;  tail  57-61;  9,  wing  72-76;  tail  56-61. — 
C.  E.  H. 

0  The  male  from  Humaytha  (left  bank  of  Rio  Maderia)  which  I  had  formerly 
referred  to  polionotus,  I  now  regard  as  a  somewhat  aberrant  example  of  punctuliger. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  83 

*Thamnophilus  aethiops  incertus  Pelzeln*   PELZELN'S  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  incertus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  78,  149  (Para, 
descr.  9  ;  type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined) ;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13, 
1906,  p.  339  (crit. ;  Para),  367  (San  Antonio  do  Prata) ;  JHERING  and  JHERING, 
Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  197  (Para);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 
1914,  p.  271  (part;  Para,  Mocajatuba,  Providencia,  Ananindeuba,  S.  Isabel, 
S.  Antonio  do  Prata;  Rio  Guama  (S.  Miguel],  Rio  Capim  [Resacca],  Rio 
Tocantins  [Arumatheua]). 

Dysithamnus  (eir.)  incertus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  1905,  p.  284  (Igarape'- 
Assu,  Para;  crit.). 

Thamnophilus  aethiops  incertus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  341  (diag. 
d",  9  ;  Para,  Vigia,  S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  Igarap6-Assu,  R.  Capim,  R.  Guama) ; 
idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayer.  Akad.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  42 
(Peixe-Boi),  92  (Para  localities). 

Thamnophilus  simplex  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  387,  pi.  15  (cf,  9)  (Para;  types 
in  British  Museum  examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878, 
P-  139  (Vigia,  near  Para);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  197 
(Para);  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  499  (Rio  Capim);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith., 
55,  1907,  p.  283  (Para,  S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  Resacca  [Rio  Capim],  Sta.  Maria 
do  S.  Miguel  [R.  Guama]). 

Thamnophilus  polionotus  ?  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  284  (Para, 
Rio  Capim;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Dysithamnus  plumbeus  (err.)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  576 
("Amazons";  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  226  (part;  spec.  c). 

Range:   Northeastern  Brazil,  Pard  district,  west  to  the  Tocantins. 
5:   Brazil  (Utinga,  near  Pard). 

Thamnophilus  unicolor  unicolor  (Sclater).b  UNIFORM  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Dysithamnus  unicolor  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  1859,  p.  141  (Pallatanga,  w. 
Ecuador;  descr.  d",  9);  idem,  1.  c.,  1860,  p.  89  (Nanegal,  w.  Ecuador) ;  idem, 

In  its  light  general  coloration,  it  agrees  with  specimens  from  the  right  bank  of  the 
Rio  Madeira  (Borba,  Calama),  but  lacks  the  white  dorsal  patch,  thus  pointing  to 
juruanus.  As  an  adult  male  from  Morinho  Lyra  (Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  No.  127,552, 
Roosevelt  Exp.)  with  white  tips  to  all  the  upper  wing  coverts  also  has  much  less 
white  at  the  base  of  the  interscapular  feathers  than  the  type,  this  appears  to  be 
rather  a  variable  character  upon  which  not  too  much  stress  should  be  laid. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Thamnophilus  aethiops  incertus  PELZELN:  Male  differs  from  all  other  races  by 
its  lighter  slate-gray  coloration,  and  by  lacking  the  blackish  cap  as  well  as  the  white 
apical  spots  to  the  upper  wing  coverts,  only  the  bend  of  the  wing  being  freckled  with 
white,  besides  some  minor  characters.  Female  much  paler  than  polionotus  and  punctu- 
liger,  with  sides  of  head  and  throat  lighter  ferruginous,  and  the  belly  of  a  paler 
tint,  varying  from  ochraceous  to  fulvous.  o" ,  wing  68-73;  tail  55-60;  9 ,  wing  66- 
71;  tail  55-61.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Thamnophilus  unicolor  (SCLATER)  is  undoubtedly  very  nearly  related  to  the 
T.  aethiops  group,  resembling  it  in  structural  details,  but  is  easily  distinguished  in 
the  male  sex  by  the  uniform  slate-gray  coloration  without  any  trace  of  white  even  on 
the  bend  of  wing.  The  female  is  not  unlike  that  of  T.  a,  polionotus,  but  much  paler 
throughout,  especially  on  the  lower  parts. — C.  E.  H. 


84    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  178  (Pallatanga,  Nanegal);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  225  (part;  Pallatanga,  Nanegal,  w.  Ecuador); 
HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 1902,  p.  611  (Paramba,  nw.  Ecuador) ;  GOODFELLOW, 
Ibis,  1902,  p.  64  (Gualea,  San  Nicolas,  w.  Ecuador). 

Thamnophilus  unicolor  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884, 
p.  301  (Cayandeled,  Surupata,  w.  Ecuador);  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  gfiogr. 
Mes.  Arc  Mend.  Equat.,  9,  1911,  p.  B  32  (Oyacachi). 

Range:   Subtropical  zone  of  western  Ecuador. 

"Thamnophilus  unicolor  grandior  Hellmayr,*  nom.  nov.  COLOMBIAN 
UNIFORM  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  unicolor  longicaudus  CHAPMAN,b  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,   No.   86, 

Aug.  1923,  p.  i  (Barro  Blanco,  Antioquia,  Colombia). 
Dysithamnus  unicolor  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

1879,  p.  525  (Santa  Elena,  Antioquia);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 

1890,  p.  225  (part;  "Bogota,"  Medellin,  Santa  Elena,  Antioquia). 
Thamnophilus  unicolor  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  365 

(San  Antonio,  Gallera,  Cerro  Munchique,  Cocal,  Ricaurte,  Barro  Blanco, 

La  Palma,  Fusugasuga,  Aguadita,  Colombia). 

Range:  Subtropical  zone  of  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  region) 
and  eastern  Ecuador  (Zamora). 

3:   Colombia  (San  Antonio  2,  "Bogota"  i). 

^Thamnophilus    schistaceus   capitalis   Sclater.0     BLACK-CAPPED  ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  capitalis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  65,  214  (descr. 
d",  9 ;  Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador;  types  in  British  Museum  examined);  idem, 
Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  174  (Rio  Napo);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou, 
a,  1884,  p.  ii  (descr.  o",  9 ;  no  locality);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  196  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  Iquitos,  ne.  Peru;  spec, 
examined);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899, 
p.  27  (Zamora,  e.  Ecuador). 

•  Thamnophilus  unicolor  grandior  HELLMAYR:  Differs  from  T.  u.  unicolor  of 
w.  Ecuador,  by  somewhat  larger  size,  especially  longer  tail,  and  by  having  the 
lateral  rectrices  more  decidedly  tipped  with  whitish.  Wing  70-73 ;  tail  64-67. 

Birds  from  San  Antonio  and  "Bogota"  can  fairly  be  distinguished  by  these  char- 
acters, but  skins  from  S.  Pablo,  Prov.  Tuqueres,  are  intermediate  to  T.  u.  unicolor, 
of  w.  Ecuador.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Not  Thamnophilus  longicaudus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  &L, 
3,  1816,  p.  315  ('TAmSrique  meYidionale"). 

8  Thamnophilus  schistaceus  capitalis  SCLATER:  Male  differs  from  T.  s.  schistaceus 
of  the  Rio  Madeira  region  by  its  darker  plumbeous  coloration,  and  by  having  the 
crown  black;  female  not  certainly  distinguishable,  but  generally  with  deeper  russet 
crown  and  slightly  darker  brownish  buff  under  parts.  A  male  from  Pebas  forms  the 
transition  to  hellmayri,  having  the  black  crown  more  restricted  and  narrowly  edged 
with  slate  gray.  Wing  (d")  64-68,  (9)  64-65:  tail  50-56;  bill  17-18^.  Twenty- 
two  specimens  examined:  i  Cuembi,  se.  Colombia,  7  e.  Ecuador,  14  Peru  (north 
bank  of  Rio  Marafion). — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  85 

Dysithamnus  schistaceus  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  978  (Pebas;  spec,  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  273 
(part;  Pebas);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pdrou,  2,  1884,  p.  31  (part;  Loretoyacu, 
Pebas);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  224  (part;  spec,  e-h, 
Iquitos;  j,  k,  Pebas,  Samiria,  ne.  Peru;  spec,  in  British  Museum  examined); 
GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  64  (Archidona,  e.  Ecuador;  spec,  in  Tring 
Museum  examined);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris, 
(gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  28  (part;  Pebas). 

Dysithamnus  schistaceus  capitalis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14, 1907,  p.  63  (monogr. ; 
Rio  Napo,  Zamora,  Sarayacu,  Archidona,  e.  Ecuador;  Iquitos,  Samiria, 
Pebas,  north  bank  of  R.  Maranon,  ne.  Peru). 

Dysithamnus  capitalis  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  276  (diag.  o"; 
"Alto  Amazonas"). 

Dysithamnus  capitalis  capitalis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
1917,  p.  372  (La  Morelia,  Florencia,  Caquetd  region,  se.  Colombia). 

Range :  Upper  Amazonia,  from  southeastern  Colombia  (La  Morelia, 
Florencia,  Caqueta;  Cuembi,  Rio  Putumayo)  through  eastern  Ecuador 
south  to  the  north  bank  of  the  Maranon  (Iquitos,  Pebas,  Samiria, 
Loretoyacu),  northeastern  Peru. 

i:   Peru  (Iquitos). 

*Thamnophilus    schistaceus    hellmayri    (Cory).*     HELLMAYR'S    ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Dysithamnus  schistaceus  hellmayri  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Publ.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  Aug. 

1916,  p.  338  (Rioja,  n.  Peru). 
Thamnophilus  schistaceus  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868, 

p.  77  (Note  2),  148  (part,  one  o"  from  Maynas,  Peru;  spec,  examined  in 

Vienna  Museum). 
Dysithamnus  schistaceus  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

1867,  p.  750,  756  (Yurimaguas,  Chyavetas;  spec,  in  Brit.  Museum  examined); 

idem,  1.  c.,   1873,  p.  273   (part;  Yurimaguas,  Chyavetas);  TACZANOWSKI, 

Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  31  (part;  descr.    o*  ex  Chyavetas,  Yurimaguas); 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  224  (part;  descr.  et  spec,  a-c, 

Chyavetas;  i,  Yurimaguas). 
Dysithamnus  schistaceus  subsp.  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  62  (diag. 

o",   9  ;  Chyavetas,  Yurimaguas,  Maynas,  Peru). 
Dysithamnus  dubius  (not  of  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN)  HELLMAYR,  1.  c.,  p.  63 

(part;  Chuchurras,  Prov.  Huanuco). 

Range :  Northern  Peru,  south  of  the  Maranon,  in  depts.  Amazonas, 
Loreto  and  Huanuco. b 

4:   Peru  (Rioja  i,  Moyobamba  i;  Puerto  Bermudez,  R.  Pichis  2). 

•  Thamnophilus  schistaceus  hellmayri  (CORY):  Similar  to  T.  s.  schistaceus,  but 
general  coloration  of  male  decidedly  darker  slate-gray,  and  feathers  of  pileum  more 
conspicuously  centered  with  blackish;  female  averaging  deeper  brownish  buff  below. 
Wing  (six  c^o")  64-66,  (three  9  9)  64-65;  tail  50-53;  bill  17^-19.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Two  specimens  from  Puerto  Bermudez  are  nearer  to  hellmayri  than  to  schista- 
ceus, although  not  quite  so  dark  as  the  type,  with  the  blackish  discs  to  the  crown 


86    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnophilus    schistaceus    heterogynus    (Hellmayr).*     TEFFE    ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Dysithamnus  schistaceus  heterogynus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  61 
(Teffe,  Rio  Solimoes,  nw.  Brazil);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914, 
p.  227  (Teffe). 

Thamnophilus  schistaceus  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868, 
p.  77  (Note  2),  148  (part;  "ein  Weibchen  von  Borba  mit  rostfarber 
Unterseite,"  locality  wrong,  probably  Manaqueri,  R.  Solimoes). 

Range:   Northwestern  Brazil,  Teff£  on  the  Rio  Solimoes. 

*Thamnophilus  schistaceus  schistaceus  D'Orbigny.    SLATE-COLORED 
ANT  SHRIKE. 

Tamnophilus  fuliginosus  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag. 
Zool.,  7,  1837,  cl.  2,  p.  10  (nom  nud.,  no  locality). 

Thamnophilus  schistaceus  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  merid.,  Ois.,  Oct.  1838, 
p.  170,  pi.  5,  fig.  i  (T.  fuliginosus*)  (Yuracares,  n.  Bolivia;  type  in  Paris 
Museum  examined;  =  <j"  ad.);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  77, 
148  (part;  Salto  do  Girao,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  "Cochabamba"  (=  Yura- 
cares), ex  D'ORBIGNY). 

Dysithamnus  schistaceus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  P-  624 
(Yuracares;  ex  D'ORBIGNY);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  439 
(Rio  Jurua);  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  203  (Rio  Jurua;  range  excl. 
Peru) ;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56, 1908,  p.  15  (Ponto  Alegre,  Rio  Purus8); 
idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  276  (part;  Boim,  Villa  Braga,  left  bank 
of  Tapaj6z;  Rio  Purtis);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom. 
Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  28  (part;  spec,  a,  type  from  Yuracares). 

Dysithamnus  schistaceus  schistaceus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  62 
(monogr.;  Yuracares,  San  Mateo,  n.  Bolivia;  Borba,  Salto  do  Girao,  Rio 
Madeira),  370  (Humaytha,  Borba);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  342  (Calama, 
Marmellos;  S.  Isabel,  Rio  Preto;  Maroins,  Rio  Machados);  idem,  Arch. 
Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  94  (Yahuarmayo,  se.  Peru);  idem,  Nov. 
Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  196  (Bolivia;  range,  crit.). 

feathers  less  pronounced.  It  is  possible  that  a  larger  series  may  prove  hettmayn  to 
be  not  properly  separable  from  schistaceus.  By  their  darker  slate  grey  plumage 
specimens  from  n.  Peru  undeniably  form  the  transition  to  the  still  darker  T.  s.  capi- 
talis,  from  north  of  the  Marafion. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Thamnophilus  schistaceus  heterogynus  (HELLMAYR)  :   Male  barely  distinguishable 
from  T.  s.  hellmayri  by  slightly  paler  slate-gray  under  parts ;  female  immediately  recog- 
nizable from  all  races  of  schistaceus  by  having  the  under  parts  bright  ochraceous, 
with  axillaries  and  quill  lining  ochraceous  buff  instead  of  pinkish  buff,  and  the  back 
rather  more  rufescent  brown.     Wing  (c?1)  67,  (9)  62-64^;  tail  52-57;  bill  \i%- 
i8#.— C.  E.  H. 

b  The  plate  (which  is  quoted  by  Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny  in  their  "Synopsis") 
was  probably  issued  much  earlier  than  the  corresponding  text,  and  if  published 
prior  to  February  1838,  the  name  fuliginosus  will  have  to  supplant  schistaceus. 

•  Male  and  female,  examined  by  me,  appear  to  be  identical  with  Bolivian  speci- 
mens.— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  87 

Dysithamnus  dubius  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,"  Ibis,  1894,  P-  393  (La  Mer- 
ced, Dept.  Junin,  Peru;  descr.  cf);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1896,  p.  381  (La 
Merced);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  63  (part;  La  Merced). 
Dysithamnus  schistaceus  heterogynus  (not  of  HELLMAYR),  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun. 

Braz.,  I,  1907,  p.  414  (Rio  Jurua). 
Dysithamnus  capitalis  (not  of  SCLATER)  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908, 

p.  510  (Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z;  specimen  examined). 
Range:  Central  and  southeastern  Peru  (Chanchamayo  district, 
Dept.  Junin ;  Yahuarmayo,  Rio  San  Gaban,  Sierra  of  Carabaya,  northern 
Puno);  northern  Bolivia  (Yuracares,  Rio  San  Mateo;  Rio  Espirito 
Santo;  San  Antonio,  Todos  Santos,  Rio  Chimore',  Prov.  Cochabamba; 
Rio  Surutu,  Prov.  del  Sara);  western  Brazil  (Rio  Purus;  Rio  Jurud; 
Rio  Madeira,  down  to  Borba;  east  to  the  left  bank  of  the  Tapaj6z 
Villa  Braga,b  Boim). 

4:  Bolivia  (Rio  Espirito  Santo,  3):  Brazil  (Porto  Velho,  Rio 
Madeira,  i).« 

Thamnophilus  schistaceus  inornatus  Ridgway*    LX)WER  AMAZONIAN 
SLATY  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  inornatus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  10,  "1887,"  publ.  1888, 
p.  522  (Diamantina,  near  Santarem,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  type  in  U.  S.  National 
Museum  examined;  =  cf  ad.);  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  28 
(Santarem). 

•  I  cannot  separate  a  male  from  Chanchamayo  from  topotypical  Bolivian 
examples.  Birds  from  Puerto  Bermudez  (Rio  Pichis),  though  somewhat  inter- 
mediate, appear  to  be  nearer  hettmayri.  More  material  is  required  for  defining  the 
ranges  of  the  Peruvian  races  of  this  bird. — C.  E.  H. 

b  A  female  in  the  Gpeldi  Museum,  Para,  agrees  in  color  and  size  with  specimens 
from  Bolivia  and  the  Rio  Madeira. — C.  E.  H. 

e  Dysithamnus  schistaceus  PENARD  (Vog.  Guyana  2,  1910,  p.  308;  Auk,  36,  1919, 
p.  219)  and  BEEBE  (Trop.  Wild  Life  i,  1917,  p.  132;  Bartica  Grove,  British  Guiana) 
most  certainly  refers  to  some  other  species. 

d  Thamnophilus  schistaceus  inornatus  RIDGWAY:  Averaging  larger  than  T.  s.  schis- 
taceus; male  with  feathers  of  pileum  more  or  less  centered  with  black,  and  under  parts 
slightly  paler,  more  whitish  on  middle  of  abdomen;  female  paler  buff  below,  nearly 
whitish  in  center  or  belly.  This  is  rather  an  unsatisfactory  race,  some  specimens  being 
practically  indistinguishable  from  typical  schistaceus.  However,  taken  as  a  whole, 
the  series  of  twenty  specimens  (the  type  from  Diamantina;  seventeen  from  San- 
tarem in  the  Carnegie  Museum ;  the  type  of  squamo sus  from  Alcobaca ;  one  female  from 
Arumatheua,  Tocantins;  one  male  from  Rio  Jamauchim)  averages  larger,  with  some- 
what paler  under  parts  in  both  sexes,  and  darker  crown  of  the  male,  as  compared  to 
fifty  specimens  of  true  schistaceus  from  n.  Bolivia,  s.  Peru  and  w.  Brazil  (Rio 
Madeira,  Rio  Punis). 

Seven  cf  cf  ad.  from  Santarem,  wing  64,  64,  65,  67,  68,  68,  69;  tail  51,  53,  54, 
54,  55,  56,  59- 

One  cf  ad.  from  R.  Tocantins,  wing  65  }4. 

Seven  9  9  ad.  from  Santarem,  wing  64,  64,  66,  66,  66,  68,  68;  tail  55,  56,  56, 
57,  58,  59,  60. 

One  9  ad.  from  R.  Tocantins,  wing  64. 

Nine  cf  cf  ad.  from  n.  Bolivia,  wing  61,  62,  63,  63,  63,  63,  64,  65,  66;  tail  48, 

48,  52,  52,  52,  52,  53,  54  54- 

Eight   9  9  ad.  from  n.  Bolivia,  wing  62,  63,  63,  63,  63,  64,  65,  65;  tail  48, 
5i,  5»,  51,  53,  54,  54-— C-  E.  H. 


88    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dysithamnus  capitalis  squamosus  SNETHLAGE,  Orn.  Monatsber.,  15,  Oct.  1907, 
p.  162  (Alcobaga,  left  bank  of  Tocantins;  types  in  Museu  Goeldi,  Para, 
examined);  idem,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  531  (Arumatheua,  Alcobaga, 
R.  Tocantins). 

Dysithamnus  schistaceus  squamosus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  349  in 
text  (crit.;  Tocantins);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  276  (Alco- 
baja,  Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins). 

Dysithamnus  schistaceus  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 
1914,  p.  276  (part;  Porto  Seguro,  Rio  Jamauchim,  easterly  affluent  of  Tocan- 
tins; spec,  examined). 

Range:  Lower  Amazonia,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  right 
bank  of  the  Tapaj6z  (Santarem;  Rio  Jamauchim)  to  the  Tocantins, 
northeastern  Brazil. 

*Thamnophilus  murinus  Sclater  and  Sahin.*    MOUSE-COLORED  ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  murinus  (Natterer  Ms.)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  750,  756  (Xeberos,  e.  Peru;  Cayenne;  Marabitanas,  Barra  do  Rio 
Negro  [  =  Manaos];  Manaos  accepted  as  type  locality,  cfr.  BERLEPSCH  and 
HARTERT,  1902);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  77  (Barra  do  Rio  Negro; 
Airao,  Barcellos,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro;  Rio  Iganna,  Rio  Vaupe";  Cayenne); 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  273  (Xeberos,  Yurimaguas, 
Chamicuros;  eggs  descr.);  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1882,  p.  29  (Yurimaguas); 
idem,  Orn.  Pfirou,  2,  1884,  p.  12  (Xeberos,  Yurimaguas,  Chamicuros);  SALVIN, 
Ibis,  1885,  p.  423  (Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Merume'  Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana); 
W.  SCLATER,  1.  c.,  1887,  p.  319  (Maccasseema,  Brit.  Guiana);  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  195  (Rio  Negro;  Chamicuros,  Xeberos,  Peru; 
Oyapoc,  Cayenne;  Marakka,  Bartica  Grove,  Takutu  R.,  Camacusa,  Merume', 
Brit.  Guiana);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  69  (Suapure, 
La  Pricion,  La  Union,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul., 
6,  1906,  p.  438  (Rio  Jurua);  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  197  (Rio 
Jurua;  range);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  151  (Ipousin,  Rio  Approu- 
ague,  Oyapoc,  French  Guiana);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull., 
2,  1916,  p.  276  (Caura  River). 

Dysithamnus  murinus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  31  (Obidos),  371 
(Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i, 
1907,  p.  414;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  343  (Humaytha);  SNETH- 
LAGE, Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  277  (Obidos;  Rio  Jamunda  [Far6]); 
BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  1907,  p.  132  (Bartica) ;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana, 
2,  1921,  p.  22  (Brit.  Guiana). 

•  Thamnophilus  murinus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Similar  to  T.  s.  schistaceus, 
but  male  with  brownish  wings,  distinct  though  small  buffy  white  apical  spots  to  the 
median  and  greater  upper  wing  coverts,  and  lighter  cinereous  under  parts,  mixed 
with  whitish  on  throat  and  along  middle  of  belly.  Female  more  whitish  on  abdomen 
and  the  larger  wing  coverts  tipped  with  buff. 

Wing  62-66,  (9)  61-65;  tail  52-56;  bill  i6#-i8X-— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  89 

Erionotus  murinus  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zoo}.,  62,  No.  2, 
1918,  p.  67  (Paramaribo,  Surinam). 

Range:  Guianas;  eastern  Venezuela  (Caura  Valley);  Amazonia 
(Obidos  and  Faro,  north  bank;  Rio  Negro;  Rio  Madeira,  Rio  Jurua); 
northern  and  eastern  Peru,  south  to  Huanuco  (Chuchurras,  Rio  Pozuzo). 

i :  British  Guiana  (Mazaruni  River). 

Thamnophilus  aroyae  (Hellmayr).*   INAMBARI  VALLEY  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Dysithamnus  aroyae  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  14,  Feb.  1914,  p.  52  (La 
Aroya  (  =  Oroya),  Inambari  Valley,  Marcapata  district,  se.  Peru;  descr. 
o"  ad.). 

Range:  Southeastern  Peru  (La  Oroya,  Inambari  Valley,  on  the 
boundary  of  the  depts.  of  Cuzco  and  Puno)  and  Bolivia  (Yungas  of 
Cochabamba).b 

Thamnophilus  punctatus  gorgonae    Thayer  and   Bangs.0    GORGONA 
ISLAND  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  gorgonae  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  46,  No.  5, 
June  1905,  p.  95  (Gorgona  Isl.  off  west  coast  of  Colombia;  types  in  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  Cambridge,  examined). 

•  Thamnophilus  aroyae  (HELLMAYR)  :  Adult  male.  Upper  parts  very  dark  slate  gray, 
inclining  to  blackish  on  the  crown  and  occiput,  the  forehead  being  slaty  with  indis- 
tinct darker  shaft  lines.  Wing  coverts  black,  with  large  white  apical  spots;  remiges 
and  rectrices  blackish,  edged  with  slate  gray,  and  the  latter  broadly  tipped  with 
white,  these  tips  being  narrower  on  the  inner  ones  and  barely  perceptible  on  the 
middle  pair.  Sides  of  head  and  lower  parts  dark  slate  gray  like  the  back.  Axillaries 
somewhat  paler  gray,  inner  web  of  quills  broadly  edged  with  white;  under  tail  coverts 
with  narrow  white  apical  margin?.  Wing  67;  tail  55;  bill  17%.  Female  unknown. 

This  species  has  no  very  near  ally.  In  general  coloration,  it  recalls  Dysithamnus 
ardesiacus,  but  has  large,  rounded  white  apical  spots  on  the  upper  wing  coverts, 
and  the  lateral  rectrices  much  more  broadly  tipped  with  white.  In  structure,-  it 
nearly  agrees  with  T.  murinus. — C.  E.  H. 

b  An  adult  male  obtained  by  L.  E.  Miller,  at  an  altitude  of  3,600  feet,  in  the 
Yungas  of  Cochabamba,  on  June  3,  1915,  and  pieserved  in  the  collection  of  the 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  differs  from  the  type  by  having  a  small  white 
marginal  spot  on  the  outer  web  of  the  outermost  rectrix,  and  some  white  at  the 
base  of  a  few  interscapular  feathers.  Wing  65;  tail  53;  bill  17. — C.  E.  H. 

0  Thamnophilus  punctatus  gorgonae  THAYER  and  BANGS:  Resembles  T.  p.  atri- 
nucha  in  large  size  of  bill,  and  in  the  male  having  the  temporal  region  mottled  with 
blackish,  and  the  middle  of  the  back  strongly  mixed  with  black;  but  the  forehead  is 
more  extensively  gray,  the  sides  of  the  head  are  lighter  slate  gray,  and  the  under  parts 
much  paler  cinereous  (passing  into  whitish  gray  on  throat  and  middle  of  belly),  even 
lighter  than  in  T.  p.  punctatus.  The  female  differs  from  T.  p.  atrinucha  by  much  darker 
under  parts,  ranging  from  ochraceous  brown  to  raw  sienna;  decidedly  more  rufous 
brown  back,  and  much  darker,  deep  russet  brown  (instead  of  mars  brown)  crown.  Wing 
(eight  d"o*)  69-73,  (eight  9  9)  69-71;  tail  (o")  58-62,  (9)  57-61;  bill,  19-21.  The 
race  appears  to  me  perfectly  distinct  from  T.  p.  atrinucha.  Only  one  out  of  eight 
males  has  the  under  parts  so  dark  cinereous  as  the  average  of  atrinucha,  and  three 
only  have,  like  this  race,  the  forehead  mainly  black  with  slate  gray  edges,  while  in  all 
the  remaining  examples  the  forehead  is  clear  slate  gray,  at  least  as  far  back  as  the 
middle  of  the  eye,  thus  more  nearly  resembling  certain  gray-fronted  males  of  T.  p. 


go    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Erionotus  punctatus  gorgonae  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  52 
(Gorgona  Isl.). 

Range:   Gorgona  Island,  on  the  west  coast  of  Colombia. 

"Thamnophilus    punctatus    atrinucha   Salvin    and    Godman.     SLATY 
ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  atrinucha  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
1892,  p.  200  (Central  America;  Panama  designated  as  type  locality,  auct. 
HELLMAYR,  1911);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
1899,  p.  27  (Rio  Peripa,  Vinces,  w.  Ecuador);  idem,  1.  c.,  15,  No.  399,  1900, 
p.  7  (Laguna  del  Pita,  Panama). 

Thamnophilus  naevius  (not  of  GMELIN)  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860, 
p.  188  (Rio  Truando);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  278  (Babahoyo), 
294  (Esmeraldas) ;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  173  (part;  Esmer- 
aldas) ;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  524  (Neche,  lower  Cauca) ; 
BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1883,  p.  564  (Chimbo);  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  P6rou,  2  1884,  p.  9  (part;  o*  ad.  Palmal,s  w.  Ecuador;  w.  Ecuador); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  197  (part;  spec,  a-m,  Honduras, 
Costa  Rica,  Panama;  u-y,  Esmeraldas,  Balzar,  Sta  Rita,  Chimbo,  w.  Ecuador). 

Thamnophilus  naevius  atrinucha  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss., 
22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  659  (part.:  excl.  Sta  Marta  and  Bogota);  idem,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1911,  p.  1158  (San  Joaquim,  Noanama,  Sipi,  Novita,  w.  Colombia). 

Thamnophilus  punctatus  atrinucha  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
1917,  P-  366  (part;  Alto  Bonito,  Dabeiba,  Rio  Sucio;  Bagado,  Baudo,  Novita, 
Novita  Trail,  Juntas  de  Tamana,  Noanama,  S.  Jose,  Barbacoas,  w.  Col- 
ombia; La  Frijolera,  near  Puerto  Valdivia,  lower  Cauca);  HARTERT  and 
GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  23,  1917,  p.  496,  497  (crit.;  Jimenez,  w.  Colombia); 
BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  No.  6,  1922,  p.  206 
(Mt.  Sap6,  Rio  Esnap6,  Jesusito,  Darien). 

Erionotus  punctatus  atrinucha  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  49  (monogr.,  full  synonomy ;  excl.  Bucaramanga,  Bogota  and  Santa  Marta) ; 
STONE,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  70,  1918,  p.  260  (Gatun,  Panama). 

Erionotus  punctatus  magnirostris  DOMANIEWSKI  and  STOLZMANN,*  Discipl.  Biol. 
Arch.  Soc.  Scient.  Varsov.,  i,  No.  8,  1922,  p.  —  (Sep.  p.  i)  (Palmal,  sw.  Ecua- 
dor; one  c? ). 

Range:  Central  America,  from  Honduras  southward  to  Panama 
and  along  the  Pacific  coast  of  Colombia  and  Ecuador  south  to  Chimbo 

punctalus.  The  female  is  very  much  darker,  only  two  specimens  from  Panama  ap- 
proaching it  in  the  deep  coloration  of  the  lower  parts.  As  correctly  pointed  out  by 
Outram  Bangs,  it  bears  a  striking  likeness  to  the  female  of  T.  p.  ambtguus,  but  may 
be  immediately  recognized  by  its  much  larger  bill  and  less  rufous  crown.— C.  E.  H. 

•  I  am  unable  to  distinguish  ten  Ecuadorian  skins,  including  two  from  Chimbo, 
which  may  be  considered  as  topotypes  of  magnirostris,  from  a  very  large  series 
(more  than  sixty)  from  w.  Colombia  and  Central  America.  The  large  bill  upon  which 
Messrs.  Domaniewski  and  Stolzmann  lay  so  much  stress,  is  just  one  of  the  princi- 
pal characteristics  of  atrinucha. — C.  E.  H. 


iQ24-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  91 

and  Palmal,  Prov.  of  Guayas;  also  found  in  a  slightly  modified  form  on 
the  lower  Cauca  (Neche,  La  Frijolera),  northwestern  Colombia." 

14:  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua)  5;  Costa  Rica  (Orosi  i, 
Siguirres  6);  Colombia  (Dabeiba  i,  Puerto  Valdivia  i);  western  Ecua- 
dor (Chimbo)  i. 

*Thamnophilus  punctatus  subcinereus  (Todd).*    SANTA  MARTA  ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Erionotus  punctatus  subcinereus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  28,  Apr.  1915, 
p.  80  (Don  Diego,  Santa  Marta  district). 

Thamnophilus  naevius  (not  of  GMELIN)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  171 
(Minca,  Santa  Marta);  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  32,  1884,  p.  307  (Bucara- 
manga);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  197  (part;  spec,  n,  o, 
Minca,  Santa  Marta);  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  1898,  p.  138  (Santa 
Marta);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  1900,  p.  161  (Bonda, 
Minca,  Cacagualito,  Onaca,  Santa  Marta  district). 

Thamnophilus  punctatus  atrinucha  (not  of  SALVIN  and  GODMAN)  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  366  (part;  Malena,  Honda,  Chi- 
coral,  Magdalena  Valley;  crit.). 

Thamnophilus  albiventris  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI),  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  KL 
Bayr.  Akad.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  659  (part;  descr.  d",  9  from 
"Bogota");  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  1917,  p.  496  (diag.; 
"w.  Colombia,  Bogota"). 

Erionotus  punctatus  atrinucha  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  49  (part;  Bucaramanga,  Santa  Marta). 

Erionotus  punctatus  gorgonac  (not  of  THAYER  and  BANGS)  TODD  and  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922,  p.  312  (Bonda,  Buritaca,  Onaca,  Don  Diego, 
La  Tigrera,  Agua  Duke,  Las  Vegas,  Minca,  Fundaci6n,  Loma  Larga,  Santa 
Marta  district). 

Range:  Northern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  region,  and  Magdalena 
Valley,  as  far  south  as  Honda;  also  found  in  trade  collections  from 
"Bogotd")  and  northwestern  Venezuela,  in  heavily  forested  region 
southwest  of  Lake  Maracaibo,  State  of  Zulia  (Orope). 

4:  Venezuela  (Orope,  Zulia). 

•  Ten  specimens  from  the  lower  Cauca  (Puerto  Valdivia)  are  difficult  to  allo- 
cate. The  males  agree  in  every  respect  with  atrinucha.  The  females  are  exceedingly 
variable,  two  being  indistinguishable  from  the  palest  examples  in  the  series  of 
atrinucha  from  Panama  and  Pacific  Colombia,  while  two  others  cannot  be  separ- 
ated from  the  lightest  colored  extreme  of  subcinereus  (from  Honda  and  Santa  Marta). 
Taken  as  a  whole,  the  series  seems,  however,  best  referred  to  atrinucha,  although 
some  formula  might  perhaps  convey  a  more  correct  idea  of  their  intermediate 
position.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Thamnophilus  punctatus  subcinereus  (Tooo) :  Male  very  similar  to  that  of  T.  p. 
gorgonae,  especially  in  the  light  cinereous  under  parts,  but  with  much  less  slate  *ray 
on  the  forehead,  this  part  being,  as  in  T.  p.  atrinucha,  mostly  nlack,  narrowly  edged 
with  gray.  Female  exceedingly  vai  iable  in  coloration  of  under  parts,  the  darkest  speci- 
mens being  deep  ochraceous  like  the  lightest  extreme  of  gorgonae,  the  palest  being 


92    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Thamnophilus  punctatus  punctatus  (Shaw).*    SPOTTED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Lanius  naevius  (not  of  GMELIN,  1.  c.,  p.  304)  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i,  (i),  1788, 
p.  308  (based  on  "Spotted  Shrike",  Latham,  Gen.  Syn.  Birds,  i  (i),  p.  190, 
Cayenne;  descr.  o");  LEACH,  Zool.  Misc.,  i,  1814,  p.  40,  pi.  17  (figure  of 
type  in  Brit.  Museum). 

Lanius  punctatus  SHAW,  Gen.  Zool.,  Aves,  7,  (2),  1809,  p.  327  (based  on  "Le 
Tachet"  Lavaillant,  Ois.  d'Afr.,  2,  p.  113,  pi.  77,  fig.  i  (  =  cf):  Cayenne). 

Thamnophilus  atrocapittus  HAHN,  Vogel  Asien  etc.,  Lief.  15,  1826,  pi.  4  (no 
locality  given). 

Thamnophilus  Janii  FILIPPI,  Mus.  Mediolan.,  Aves,  1847,  p.  13,  32  ("in  Bra- 
silia?"); SALVADORI,  Atti  Ace.  Sci.  Torino,  3,  1868,  p.  274  (crit.;  =Tham- 
nophilus  naevius  [  =  punctatus]  9). 

Thamnophilus  naevius  SCHOMBURGK,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1848,  p.  491  (Sand- 
hills on  the  Demerara);  CABANIS,  1.  c.,  3,  1848,  p.  687  (Coast  of  Brit.  Guiana 
and  vicinity  of  Roraima);  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  I, 
1855,  p.  243  (part;  descr.  o",  9,  et.  hab.  Cayenne,  Brit.  Guiana);  idem. 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1858,  p.  213  (part;  Cayenne,  Brit.  Guiana);  idem,  Cat.  Coll. 
Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  173  (part;  o"  Cayenne,  9  Orinoco);  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  Peiou,  2,  1884,  p.  8  (part;  descr.  o",  9  ex  Cayenne);  SALVIN,  Ibis, 
1885,  p.  423  (Roraima);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  197  (part; 
spec,  z-h1,  Orinoco,  Roraima,  Quonja,  Brit.  Guiana;  Cayenne);  RIKER  and 
CHAPMAN,  Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  28  (Diamantina,  near  Santarem);  BERLEPSCH 
and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  69  (Altagracia,  Munduapo,  Nericagua, 
Rio  Catanapa,  R.  Orinoco;  La  Pricion,  La  Union,  Suapure,  Caura  River); 
MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  1904,  p.  174  (Ouanary,  Mahury,  French 
Guiana) ;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55, 1907,  p.  283  (Maraj6,  Monte  Alegre) ; 
BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  152  (Cayenne,  Rio  Approuague,  Roche- 
Marie),  319  (Ouanary,  Mahury,  French  Guiana);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  271  (Cametd,  R.  Tocantins;  Boim,  R.  Tapaj6z;  Santa 
Anna,  Maraj6;  Rio  Jary  (S.  Antonio  do  Cachoeira),  Monte  Alegre;  Rio 
Maecuru  (Cachoeira  Muira);  Obidos;  Rio  Jamundd  [Far6]). 

Thamnophilus  naevius  naevius  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Akad.  Wiss., 
22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  659  (diag.  d",  9  ;  Cayenne,  Brit.  Guiana;  Roraima, 
Annai,  Quonja;  Orinoco,  Caura  rivers;  Guanoco,  Orinoco  delta). 

clear  creamy  buff  like  the  average  of  typical  punctatus,  while  one  or  two  are  hardly 
distinguishable  from  the  general  run  of  atrinucha;  the  upper  parts  are  about  as  in 
atrinucha,  although  a  few  examples,  by  the  more  rufous  brown  back  and  deeper 
russet  crown  closely  approach  gorgonae.  Males  from  Honda  and  Malena,  Magda- 
lena  R.,  and  several  "Bogota"  skins  are  practically  identical  with  those  from  Santa 
Marta,  and  three  females  from  Honda  cannot  be  separated  from  pale-bellied  Santa 
Marta  examples  either.  A  single  male  from  Orope,  Venezuela,  resembles  dark 
bellied  males,  while  a  female  is  similar  to  the  average  from  the  type  locality.  Wing 
(o*)  68-74,  (?)  66-71;  tail  (o")  55-60,  (9)  55-59;  bill  18^-20.  Forty-two  speci- 
mens examined. — C.  E.  H. 

a  On  comparing  eighteen  specimens,  including  the  type  from  Manaos,  Itacoa- 
tiara  and  the  Rio  Branco  with  thirty-nine  punctatus  from  French  and  British  Guiana 
(16),  Orinoco-Caura  region  (10)  and  the  Paria  Peninsula,  Venezuela  (13),  I  am 
unable  to  find  any  constant  character  for  distinguishing  cinereinucha  even  as  a  race. 
The  males  are  absolutely  identical  in  coloration,  and  only  three  out  of  seven  females  are 
slightly  paler,  less  buffy  brownish  on  the  chest  than  a  large  series  from  French  and 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  93 

Thamnophilus  punctatus  STONE,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  65,  1913,  p.  202 
(Cariaquito,  Paria  Peninsula). 

Thamnophilus  punctatus  punctatus  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24, 
1917,  P-  496,  497  (crit.). 

Erionotus  punctatus  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  17  (British  Guiana). 

Erionotus  punctatus  punctatus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  49  (diag.);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zoo].,  62,  1918,  p.  66 
(Paramaribo,  Lelydorp,  Surinam);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
1916,  p.  276  (from  Altagracia  upwards,  R.  Orinoco;  La  Pricion,  La  Union, 
Suapure,  Caura). 

Thamnophilus  ambiguus  (not  of  SWAINSON)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  67, 
Note  2  (part;  9  ex  Cayenne,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN, 
Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  28  (one  9,  Diamantina,  R.  Tapaj6z). 

Thamnophilus  cinereinucha  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  77,  145  (Barra  do 
Rio  Negro  [  =  Manaos]  [type];  Serra  Carauman,  Rio  Branco;  spec,  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  198  (Rio  Negro);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Akad.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  1906,  p.  659  (crit.;  diag.  o",  9,  Barra  do  Rio  Negro,  Serra  Carau- 
man); SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  271  (Rio  Negro). 

Erionotus  insignis  (not  of  SALVIN  and  GODMAN)  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst., 
Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  272  (Cristobal  Colon,  Paria  Peninsula,  Venezuela). 

Range :  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana ;  Venezuela  (Paria  Penin- 
sula;* the  Orinoco  Valley  from  the  delta  up  to  Munduapo,  and  on  its 
tributary,  the  Caura  River) ;  northern  Brazil,  on  the  north  bank  of  the 
Amazon  from  Marajo  to  Manaos;  Rio  Branco;  south  of  the  Amazon 
only  known  from  the  lower  Tocantins  (Cameta)  and  Tapaj6z  (San- 
tarem,  Boim).b 

British  Guiana.  The  bill  possibly  averages  slightly  smaller,  though  only  two  males 
from  Manaos  and  a  pair  from  the  Rio  Branco  have  actually  smaller  bills,  while  one 
male  from  Itacoatiara  has  it  fully  as  large  as  the  largest  billed  example  of  punctatus. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Seven  d"  o"  from  French  Guiana  67-70  53-57  i6>£-i8 

Nine  0*0*  from  Paria  Peninsula,  Venezuela   67-71    53-57,62  (once)        17-18^ 
Four  o" o*  from  Manaos  67-68  53-56        i5>i,  16^,17, 17 

One  o*  from  Itacoatiara  68  58  17^ 

Five  o"  o"  from  Rio  Branco  66-69  54-58        15,17,17,17.17^ 

Seven  9  9  from  French  Guiana  66-71  52-58  i6%-i8 

Three  9  9  from  Paria  Peninsula  67,69,71      53,55,58  16^,17,18 

Two  9  9  from  Manaos  65,67  54,55  I7,i7 

One  9  from  Itacoatiara  66tf  54  i6K 

Four  9  9  from  Rio  Branco  66,66,68,68    56,56,57  16,17,17 

— C.  E.  H. 

•  Thirteen  specimens  from  Cristobal  Colon  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History  collection  agree  in  every  respect  with  a  series  from  French  Guiana.  They 
were  erroneously  recorded  by  G.  K.  Cherrie  as  Erionotus  insignis. — C.  E.  H. 

b  The  range  of  T.  p.  punctatus  probably  extends  much  further  south  than  given 
above.  The  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  possesses  an  adult  female  obtained 
by  Geo.  K.  Cherrie  on  January  31,  1914,  at  Utiarity,  near  Salto  Bello,  alt.  1,500- 
2,500  feet,  Papagaio  River,  n.  Matto  Grosso,  which  appears  to  belong  here.  On  the 
under  parts  it  is  an  exact  duplicate  of  some  Cayenne  females,  notably  No.  56,013,  Car- 
negie Museum;  but  it  differs  from  any  other  specimen  of  punctatus  examined  by 
the  writer,  by  its  brighter,  more  russet  brown  back. — C.  E.  H. 


94    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

14:  British  Guiana  (Hyde  Park,  Demerara  River)  i;  northern  Brazil 
(Manaos,  2;  Itacoatiara,  2;  Conceicao,  Rio  Branco,  4;  Serra  da  Lua, 
near  Boa  Vista,  Rio  Branco,  3;  Serra  Grande,  Rio  Branco,  2)  13. 

"Thamnophilus  punctatus  interpositus  Hartert  and  Goodson.*   INTER- 
MEDIATE ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  punctatus  interpositus  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24, 
Dec.  1917,  p.  496  ("Bogota"  collections). 

Thamnophilus  naevius  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ.,  (n.  s.), 
I,  1855,  p.  242  (part;  "Bogota");  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1855,  p.  148  (Bogota); 
idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  213  (part;  Bogotd);  BERLEPSCH,  Zeit.  ges.  Orn.,  4, 
1887,  p.  185  (Bogota;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  198  (part;  spec,  q-s,  "Colombia"  =  Bogota). 

Thamnophilus  punctatus  punctatus  (not  of  Shaw)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  366  (Barrigon,  e.  of  Villavicencio,  Rio  Meta,  e.  Col- 
ombia; spec,  examined). 

Range:  East  slope  of  eastern  Andes,  Colombia. 
i:  Colombia  (Bogotd). 

Thamnophilus  punctatus  leucogaster  Hellmayr*  nom.  nov.     WHITE- 
BELLIED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  naevius  albiventris  (not  Thamnophilus  albiventerSpix.,  i82s)TACZAN- 

OWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2, 1884,  p.  9  (Guajango,  R.  Maranon,  n.  Peru; descr.  o"  ad.). 
Thamnophilus  albiventris  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.   2.   Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 

No.  3,  1906,  p.  659  (part;  Guajango;  ?  upper  Ucayali). 
Erionotus  albiventris  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  1918,  p.  452  (Perico,  near 

Bellavista,  R.  Marafion). 
Thamnophilus  naevius  (not  of  GMELIN)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 

p.  232  (Guajango);  (?)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1866,  p.  185,  1873,  p.  273 

(upper  Ucayali). 

Range :  Northern  Peru,  on  the  upper  Maranon  (Guajango,  Perico) ; 
probably  also  on  the  upper  Ucayali. 

•  Thamnophilus  punctatus  interpositus  HARTERT  and  GOODSON:  Agreeing  in  small 
bill  and  general  coloration  of  both  sexes  with  T.  p.  punctatus,  but  male  with  under 
parts  deep  slate  gray  as  in  T.  p.  atrinucha,  female  differing  from  that  of  punctatus 
only  by  slightly  darker,  more  buffy  under  parts.  Three  males  and  one  female  from 
"Bogotd"  and  a  pair  from  e.  Barrigon,  Colombia,  obviously  pertain  to  this  recently 
discriminated  race  which  hardly  deserves  recognition.  Wing  ( d* )  66-68,  (  9 )  66-68 ; 
tail,  53-57;  bill,  17-18.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Thamnophilus  punctatus  leucogaster  HELLMAYR:  This  perfectly  distinct  form 
is  most  nearly  related  to  T.  p.  punctatus,  agreeing  with  it  in  relatively  small,  slender 
bill,  but  differs  in  the  male  sex  by  having  the  entire  middle  of  the  belly  pure  white, 
strongly  contrasted  with  the  decidedly  paler  cinereous  color  of  the  throat,  chest  and 
sides,  and  the  under  tail  coverts  white,  crossed  only  by  a  few  narrow  gray  bars; 
the  crown  feathers  are  more  or  less  spotted  with  white  near  the  base  (traces  of  which 
are  to  be  found  in  a  male  of  punctatus  from  Serra  Grande,  Rio  Branco).  The  female 
also  is  easily  distinguishable  by  the  pure  white  (instead  of  buff)  throat  and  middle 
of  the  belly,  less  extensive  and  paler  buffy  brown  zone  across  chest  and  along  sides, 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  95 

Thamnophilus    punctatus    sticturus    Pelzeln.*      PELZELN'S    SPOTTED- 
TAILED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  sticturus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  76,  144  (descr. 
cf,  9  from  Engenho  do  Gama,  w.  Matto  Grosso;  types  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined);  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  1900,  p.  9  (Urucum, 
Corutnba,  sw.  Matto  Grosso;  specimens  examined). 

Thamnophilus  ambiguus  sticturus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  66  (part; 
Engenho  do  Gama,  Corumba,  Urucum,  w.  Matto  Grosso);  JHERING,  Cat. 
Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  199  (part;  w.  Matto  Grosso). 

Thamnophilus  naevius  (not  of  GMELIN)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av., 
i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  1837,  p.  10  (Chiquitos);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r. 
me'rid.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  170  (San  Miguel,  Concepcion,  Santa  Ana,  Chiquitos, 
e.  Bolivia;  d",  9  in  Paris  Museum  examined) ;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1879,  p.  623  (ex  D'ORBIGNY). 

Thamnophilus  caerulescens  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ., 
(n.  s.),  i,  1855,  p.  244  (part;  Chiquitos,  Bolivia;  ex  D'ORBIGNY). 

chiefly  white  under  tail  coverts,  and  more  rufescent  back.  Wing  (three  d*  o"  ad.) 
67^-69,  (three  99)  68-70;  tail  54-57;  bill  16-17.  Seven  specimens  from  Bellavista 
and  Perico,  R.  Maranon,  examined.— -C.  E.  H. 

•  Thamnophilus  punctatus  sticturus  PELZELN:  Male  differs  from  T.  p.  kucogaster 
of  n.  Peru  by  smaller  bill  and  by  not  only  the  outermost,  but  also  the  second  and 
third  rectrix  (from  without)  being  marked  with  a  distinct  white  marginal  stripe  in 
the  middle  of  the  outer  web;  under  surface  very  similar,  but  the  cinereous  color  of 
throat  and  chest  slightly  paler,  and  less  strongly  contrasted  with  the  white  abdom- 
inal area;  gray  of  back  slightly  lighter.  Female  similar  to  that  of  T.  p.  leucogaster  in 
having  the  middle  of  the  belly  extensively  white,  but  immediately  recognizable  by 
the  bright  ochraceous  (instead  of  buffy  brownish)  chest  and  sides,  deep  buff  (instead 
of  mainly  white)  under  tail  coverts,  much  lighter  cinnamon-rufous  crown,  and 
much  brighter,  more  cinnamomeous  back.  It  was  not  until  recently  that  I  had  an 
opportunity  of  comparing  a  sufficient  series  from  western  Matto  Grosso  (14),  including 
Pelzeln's  types,  with  a  satisfactory  number  of  topotypical  examples  of  T.  hetero- 
cercus  (17)  from  e.  Bolivia.  The  careful  study  of  this  material  for  the  use  of  which  I 
am  under  great  obligations  to  the  authorities  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  New  York  City,  and  the  Carnegie  Museum,  Pittsburgh,  reveals  the  iden- 
tity of  the  two  "species,"  the  markings  of  the  tail  in  the  males  and  the  coloration  of 
the  female  being  nearly  the  same  in  the  two  series.  In  all  of  the  Bolivian,  and  in 
five  males  from  Urucum,  only  the  three  outer  tail  feathers  have  a  white  marginal 
stripe  on  the  outer  web ;  in  two  others  from  Urucum,  and  one  (in  first  annual  plumage) 
from  Engenho  do  Gama  there  is  also  a  narrow  streak  on  the  fourth  rectrix  (from 
without),  and  in  the  type  of  sticturus  from  Eng.  do  Gama,  as  well  as  in  one  male  from 
Urucum,  this  is  even  faintly  indicated  on  the  two  median  pairs  of  rectrices.  In  col- 
oration of  under  parts,  both  sexes  from  Bolivia  are  practically  identical  with  those 
from  w.  Matto  Grosso. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL        BILL 

Two  0*0"  from  Engenho  do  Gama,  w.  Matto  Grosso  63,68  53,54           16 
Eight  o"c?  from  Urucum,  sw.  Matto  Grosso        64(once), 67-70  50,52-56      15-17 

Eight  o"  o"  from  e.  Bolivia                                               68-70  52-58         15-17 

One  9  from  Engenho  do  Gama,  w.  Matto  Grosso        65  54              17 

Six  9  9  from  Urucum,  sw.  Matto  Grosso                  64-67^  52-54 

Eleven  9  9  from  e.  Bolivia                                           65-68  52-57 
E.  H. 


96    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

(?)  Thamnophilus  stictocephalus  PELZELN,"  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  77,  146 
(SSo  Vicente,  w.  Matto  Grosso;  type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Thamnophilus  heterocercus  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  Feb.  1907,  p.  367  (Santa  Cruz, 
e.  Bolivia;  types  in  Berlepsch  Collection  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
28,  1921,  p.  126  (crit.;  Chiquitos  and  Puerto  Suarez,  e.  Bolivia). 

Range:  Southwestern  Brazil,  in  western  Matto  Grosso  on  the  head- 
waters of  the  Rio  Paraguay  (Corumbd,  Urucum)  and  Rio  Guapore 
(Engenho  do  Gama),  and  eastern  Bolivia  (Puerto  Suarez,  15  km.  west 
of  Corumbd,  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  Monte  de  Basilico,  Cercado  de 
Santa  Cruz,  Rio  Mapaiso,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz;  Buenavista,  Rio  Surutu, 
Prov.  del  Sara;  Guanacos,  Prov.  del  Cordillera). 

Thamnophilus  punctatus  pelzelni  Hellmayr,  subsp.  nov.b    EASTERN 
SPOTTED-TAILED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  sticturus  (not  of  PELZELN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  76, 
144  (part;  "var."  from  Goyaz). 

Thamnophilus  ambiguus  sticturus  (not  of  PELZELN)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15, 
1908,  p.  66  (Goyaz,  Faz.  Esperanca,  Rio  Araguaya,  Prov.  Goyaz;  crit.), 
67  (part;  Sao  Paulo,  Chapada,  e.  Matto  Grosso,  Goyaz). 

Thamnophilus  ambiguus  (not  of  SWAINSON)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  201  (part;  Chapada);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  5,  1893, 
p.  115  (Chapada,  Matto  Grosso);  JEERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul,.  5,  1902,  p.  274 
(Rincao,  Jaboticabal,  n.  Sao  Paulo);  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  199 
(part;  Avanhandava,  Bebedouro,  Rincao,  Itapura,  Bauru,  Jaboticabal; 
spec,  examined) ;  REISER,  Denkschr.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76, 
1910,  p.  65  (Santa  Rita,  nw.  Bahia;  Parnagua,  Lake  of  Missao,  s.  Piauhy; 
spec,  examined). 

Range:  Interior  of  Brazil  (central  table  land),  from  eastern  Matto 
Grosso  (plateau  of  Chapada)  and  northern  Sao  Paulo  (Tiete"-Parana 
district),  through  State  of  Goyaz  east  to  western  and  central  Bahia 

•  The  type  of  T.  stictocephalus  PELZELN  is  almost  certainly  an  individual  variant 
of  T.\p.  sticturus,  from  which  it  only  differs  by  having  the  under  parts  decidedly 
darker  gray,  with  very  little  whitish  admixture  along  the  middle  line  of  the  abdomen, 
and  by  the  feathers  of  the  crown  being  spotted  with  white  near  their  base.  This  latter 
character,  which  reminds  of  T.  p.  leucogaster,  is  most  probably  individual,  and  the 
darker  gray  under  surface  does  not  appear  to  be  of  great  importance  either,  since 
one  of  the  males  from  Urucum  comes  veiy  near  in  that  respect.  The  outer  tail  feathers 
are  undeveloped  in  the  sheaths,  the  two  median  pairs  (the  only  ones  full-grown)  are 
uniform  black,  edged  with  white  at  the  tip,  exactly  as  in  the  majority  of  sticturus. 
Wing  67;  tail  54.  It  is  well  to  remember  that  the  type  locality,  Sao  Vicente,  is 
only  a  few  miles  from  Engenho  do  Gama,  the  terra  typica  of  sticturus. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Thamnophilus  punctatus  pelzelni  HELLMAYR,  subsp.  nov. 

Type  in  collection  of  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  New  York,  No.  33,937,  cf  ad. 
Abrilongo,  near  Chapada,  e.  Matto  Grosso,  Feb.  21,  1885,  H.  H.  Smith  Coll. 

Characters.  Male  similar  to  T.  p.  sticturus  of  w.  Matto  Grosso  (upper  Paraguay 
and  Guapor£  Rivers),  but  with  more  white  in  the  tail;  the  rectrices,  at  least  the  three 
median  pairs,  having  also  on  the  inner  web  a  distinct  white  marginal  stripe,  while 
the  corresponding  stripe  of  the  outer  web  is  always  well  marked  on  all  the  rectrices. 
Female  with  ochraceous  color  below  deeper  and  more  extensive,  sometimes  covering 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  97 

(Macaco    Secco,    near    Andarahy),    Ceara,    Piauhy    and    Maranhao 
(Miritiba). 

8:  Matto  Grosso  (Chapada  3,  Abrilongo  i)  4,  Ceara  Qua,  near  Iguatu) 
3,  central  Bahia  (Macaco  Secco,  near  Andarahy)  i. 

*Thamnophilus  punctatus  ambiguus  Swainson.*   SWAINSON'S  SPOTTED- 
TAILED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

[Thamnophilus  naevius]  var.  a?  T.  ambiguus  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  No.  5, 
April  1825,  p.  91  (descr.  o*  ad.;  "two  birds  brought  to  England  from  Minas 
Geraes  by  Dr.  Such  .  .  .";  as  type  locality  we  have  to  consider  the  vicinity 
of  Campos,  on  the  confines  of  the  states  Minas  and  Rio  de  Janeiro,  se.  Brazil). 

[Thamnophilus  naevius}  var.  b.  T.  pUeatus  idem,  1.  c.,  p.  91  (Catinga  woods  of 
Bahia;  descr.  of  c?1  in  first  annual  plumage). 

Thamnophilus  ferrugineus  idem,  1.  c.,  p.  92  (Catinga  woods  of  Bahia;  =9). 

Thamnophilus  nigricans  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1006  (se. 
Brazil,  no  locality  specified);  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856, 
p.  96  (se.  Brazil);  EULER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  15,  1867,  p.  194,  402  (breeding 
habits). 

Lanius  alveolus  (Cuvier  Ms.)  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855,  p.  329 
(Brazil;  type  in  Paris  Museum  examined;  =  d"  juv.). 

Thamnophilus  naevius  (not  of  GMELIN)  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat., 
nouv.  6d.,  3,  1816,  p.  316  ("Br6sil";  =  d"  ad.);  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag. 
Zool.,  (2nd  ser.),  5,  1853,  p.  338  (ex  VIEILLOT). 

Thamnophilus  pileatus  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Philos.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  I,  1855, 
p.  245  (Bahia;  ex  SWAINSON). 

Thamnophilus  ambiguus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  213  (se.  Brazil); 
PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  76  (Sapitiba,  Registo  do  Sai,  Rio  de  Janeiro); 

the  entire  lower  parts  with  exception  of  throat,  and  without  the  pure  white  abdominal 
area,  the  middle  of  the  belly  being  but  slightly  paler  buffy  than  the  rest. 

Wing  (<?)  67-71,  (9)  65-71 ;  tail  55-61 ;  bill  15-17. 

Remarks.  The  male  of  this  form  which  I  formerly  had  misidentified  as  sticturus, 
agrees  with  it  in  the  pale  cinereous  color  below,  passing  into  an  extensive  white  area 
on  the  abdomen,  and  resembles  it  also  in  the  small,  slender  bill,  but  may  be  easily 
recognized  by  the  greater  amount  of  white  on  the  tail  feathers.  Only  one  from 
Chapada  does  not  differ  in  the  tail  markings  from  sticturus  of  w.  Matto  Grosso. 
Birds  from  Ceara,  Piauhy,  Maranhao  (Miritiba)  and  Santa  Rita,  Rio  Preto  (nw. 
Bahia)  agree  perfectly  with  those  from  Goyaz,  Chapada  and  Sao  Paulo  (Rincao, 
S.  Jeronymo,  Jaboticabal,  Itapura),  and  a  male  from  near  Andarahy,  c.  Bahia,  is 
likewise  an  extreme  example  of  pelzelni,  showing  not  the  slightest  approach  to 
ambiguus  of  the  coast  region  of  Bahia.  Examined:  29  Chapada;  15  Goyaz;  5  n. 
S.  Paulo;  4  Piauhy;  2  Santa  Rita,  Bahia;  i  Macacco  Secco,  Bahia;  3  Ceara;  2  Mar- 
anhao.—C.  E.  H. 

•  Thamnophilus  punctatus  ambiguus  SWAINSON:  Male  differs  from  T.  p.  pelzelni 
and  T.  p.  sticturus  by  much  darker  slate  gray  under  parts,  with  but  little  whitish 
suffusion  along  abdominal  line,  and  by  all  the  rectrices  being  marked  on  either  web 
with  a  veiy  distinct  white  marginal  stripe;  female  with  under  parts  much  darker  and 
duller,  deep  brownish  buff,  without  any  white  in  the  middle,  and  more  like  T.  p.  punc- 
tatus, but  decidedly  darker;  bill  larger  and  stouter.  Wing  (d")  68-74,  (9)  68-71; 
tail  (c?)  55-62,  (9)  58-61;  bill,  17-18.  Seventeen  specimens,  eight  from  Rio,  nine 
from  Bahia  examined. — C.  E.  H. 


98    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  a,  1889,  p.  248  (notes  on  types  of 
T.  nigricans  WIED);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  201  (part; 
Bahia,  Rio  de  Janeiro);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Canta- 
gallo);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  660 
(diag.  d",  9  ;  e.  Brazil,  from  Bahia  to  Rio;  excl.  S.  Paulo);  JHERING  and 
JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  199  (part;  Bahia;  Porto  Cachoeiro,  Esp. 
Santo). 

Thamnophilus  ambiguus  ambiguus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  67  (Bahia, 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  s.  "Minas  Geraes"  [ex  Such]);  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  xa, 
(2),  1920,  p.  98  (s.  Bahia). 

Erionotus  ambigutts  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  aa,  1874,  p.  86  (Cantagallo). 

Range:  Coast  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  the  environs  of 
the  City  of  Bahia  to  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

3:   Bahia  (S.  Amaro). 

Thamnophilus  cinereiceps  Pelzeln.   GRAY-CAPPED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  cinereiceps  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  77,  145  (Mara- 
bitanas,  upper  Rio  Negro  [types];  Rio  Vaup6,  nw.  Brazil;  types  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  201  ("Oyapoc, 
Cayenne"');  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  70  (Maipures, 
Munduapo,  Perico,  Mataben,  upper  Orinoco,  Venezuela);  HELLMAYR, 
Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayer.  Akad.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  658  (Marabitanas, 
Rio  Negro,  Maipures,  Orinoco;  crit.);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun. 
Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  199  (Rio  Negro,  Venezuela);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15, 
1908,  p.  152  ("Oyapoc,  Cayenne,"  [*]  ex  SCLATER);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  272  (Rio  Negro;  "Guayana"). 

Erionotus  cinereiceps  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  276 
(from  the  Falls  of  Atures  upwards;  Boca  de  Sina,  Rio  Cununcunuma,  upper 
Orinoco). 

Range:  Venezuela,  on  the  upper  Orinoco,  from  the  Falls  of  Atures 
southward,  and  on  the  adjoining  stretches  of  the  Rio  Negro  (near 
Marabitanas)  and  its  affluent,  the  Rio  Vaupe",  in  northwestern  Brazil." 

Thamnophilus  amazonicus  Sclater.   AMAZONIAN  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  amazonicus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  a6,  1858,  p.  214,  pi.  139, 
fig.  i,  2  (types  from  "Upper  Amazons  [Bates]"  =Rio  Javarri;  Brit.  Guiana 
[ex  Schomburgk]) ;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  174  (types  from 
"Upper  Amazons");  SCLATER  and  SAL  YIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  185 

•  The  locality  "Oyapoc,  Cayenne"  is  without  doubt  erroneous.  The  four  speci- 
mens in  the  British  Museum  were  purchased  from  a  dealer  and  have  no  original 
labels.  A  female  in  the  Paris  Museum  secured  by  Geay  at  Saint  Georges  d'Oyapoc,  as 
well  as  two  others  taken  by  E.  Le  Moult  near  Saint- Jean-du-Maroni,  French  Guiana, 
and  preserved  in  the  Munich  Museum,  pertain  to  T.  amazonicus  or  a  slightly  differ- 
entiated race  of  it. 

T.  cinereiceps  most  probably  is  merely  a  geographical  representative  of  T.  ama- 
zonicus.— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  99 

(upper  Ucayali);  idem,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  575  (Pard,  Capim  River);  idem,  1.  c., 
1873,  p.  273  (upper  Ucayali);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  77  (Borba, 
Salto  do  Girao,  Rio  Madeira;  Villa  Maria  (  =  San  Luis  de  Caceres),  Engenho 
do  Gama,  w.  Matto  Grosso;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  LA  YARD, 
Ibis,  1873,  p.  386  (Para);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  10  (upper 
Ucayali;  Loretoyacu,  R.  Maranon,  e.  Peru);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
IS,  1890,  p.  199  (Rio  Capim,  Pard;  Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Rio  Takutu, 
Brit.  Guiana;  Oyapoc);  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  499  (Rio  Capim);  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  366  (S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  Pard);  idem,  Abhandl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  2.  Kl.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  658  (Borba,  Engenho  do  Gama, 
Pard);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  370  (Borba,  Rio  Madeira);  JHERING 
and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Brazil.,  i,  1907,  p.  198  (Santarem) ;  SNETHLAGE, 
Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  43  (Pard,  S.  Antonio,  Ourem,  R.  Acard);  idem, 
1.  c.,  56,  1908,  p.  510  (Bella  Vista,  R.  Tapaj6z),  531  (Arumatheua,  R.  Tocan- 
tins);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  152  (Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague; 
Rio  Tigr6,  ne.  Peru;  "Bogota"),  319  (St.  Georges  d'Oyapock,  Ouanary); 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  341  (S.  Isabel,  Rio  Preto;  Calama,  Rio 
Madeira;  Maroins,  Rio  Machados);  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr. 
Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  43  (Ipitinga,  Peixe-Boi),  92  (Pard  localities); 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  272  (Pard,  Ananindeua,  Benevides, 
Maguary,  Apehu,  S.  Isabel,  Peixe-Boi,  Quati-puru,  S.  Antonio  do  Prata; 
Rio  Guamd  (S.  Maria  do  S.  Miguel,  Ourem);  R.  Capim  (Aproaga),  R.  Acard, 
R.  Tocantins  (MazagSo,  Baiao,  Arumatheua),  R.  Iriri  (Bocca  do  Curud), 
R.  Tapaj6z  (Bella  Vista,  Villa  Braga),  Rio  Jamauchim  (Tucunar6),  Rio 
Purtis  (Bom  Lugar);  R.  Jary  (S.  Antonio  da  Cachoeira);  BEEBE,  Trop. 
Wild  Life,  i,  1917,  p.  132  (Bartica);  PENARD,  Auk,  36,  1919,  p.  219  (Brit. 
Guiana). 

Erionotus  amazonicus  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  18  (numerous 
localities  in  British  Guiana). 

Thamnophilus  (ruficollis)  (not  of  SPIX  [?])  (a)  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit. 
Guiana,  3,  1848,  p.  687  (coastal  forests  of  British  Guiana);  SCLATER,  Edinb. 
New  Philos.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  i,  1855,  p.  247  (Chamicuros,  e.  Peru;  descr.  9); 
SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  423  (Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ. 
Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  15  (Bom  Lugar,  R.  Purus). 

Thamnophilus  [ruficollis  ?]  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  94  ("Yun- 
gas,"  Boh' via). 

Thamnopkilus  naevius  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Philos.  Journ.,  (n.s.), 
*»  1855,  p.  242  (part;  Pard). 

Thamnophilus  ambiguus  (not  of  SWAINSON)  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10, 
1904,  p.  174  (St.  Georges  d'Oyapock,  Ouanary,  French  Guiana;  spec,  in  Paris 
Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:    Amazonia,  from  Maranhao  and  Pard  to  eastern  Peru,b 

•  Thamnophilus  ruficollis  SPIX  (Av.  Bras.,  2,  1825,  p.  27,  pi.  37,  fig.  i  [=  9],  no 
locality  given ;  type  lost,  formerly  in  Munich  Museum)  may  refer  to  either  T.  ama- 
tonicus  or  T.  cinerciceps;  see  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  1906,  p.  657. 

b  Probably  extending  north  to  some  part  of  e.  Colombia,  since  there  is  an  unmis- 
takable "Bogotd"  skin  in  the  Berlepsch  collection. — C.  E.  H. 


ioo  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

south  to  western  Matto  Grosso  and  northeastern  Bolivia;  French  and 
British  Guiana.* 

4:  Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  4). 

Thamnophilus  insignis  Salvin  and  Godman.   RORAIMA  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  insignis  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1884,  p.  450  (Roraima,  Brit. 

Guiana);  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1885,  p.  424  (Roraima);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 

15,  1890,  p.  199,  pi.  13  (cfi   9)  (Roraima). 
Erionotus  insignis  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  19  (Roraima). 

Range:   Roraima  Mountains,  British  Guiana. 

Thamnophilus  caerulescens  paraguayensis    Hellmayr*    APA   RIVER 
ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  paraguayensis  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  14,  Feb.  1904, 
P-  53  (Colonia  Risso,  Rio  Apa,  n.  Paraguay);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR, 
Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  26  (San  Salvador,  n.  Paraguay). 

Thamnophilus  caerulescens  paraguayensis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921, 
p.  200  in  text  (crit.;  n.  Paraguay). 

Thamnophilus  caerulescens  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  10, 
No.  208,  1895,  p.  33  (Colonia  Risso,  n.  Paraguay). 

Thamnophilus  ambiguus  (not  of  SWAINSON)  KERR,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  134  (Portin 
Nueve,  Rio  Pilcomayo,  Chaco). 

Range :  Northern  Paraguay  (Colonia  Risso,  Rio  Apa ;  San  Salvador) 
and  Paraguayan  Chaco  (Fortin  Nueve,  Fort  Wheeler,0  Rio  Pilcomayo). d 

*Thamnophilus  caerulescens  caerulescens  Vieillot.   BLUISH-GRAY  ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  caerulescens*  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  3, 
1816,  p.  311  (based  on  "Batara  negro  y  aplomado"  Azara  No.  213:  Paraguay; 
=  o"  ad.);  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2),  5,  1853,  p.  338  (descr.  cf; 
Brazil  and  Paraguay);  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  i,  1855, 
p.  244  (part;  Paraguay);  PELZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  I,  Vogel,  1865, 

•  A  series  from  the  vicinity  of  Maranhao  (State  of  MaranhSo),  ne.  Brazil  agree 
with  birds  from  Para.   Several  females  from  French  Guiana  (St.  Georges  d'Oyapoc, 
S.  Jean  du  Maroni)  are  slightly  different  and  may  represent  a  separable  race. — 
C.  E.  H. 

b  Thamnophilus  caerulescens  paraguayensis  HELLMAYR:  Male  similar  to  T.  c.  caeru- 
lescens of  s.  Paraguay  and  se.  Brazil,  but  under  parts  white  instead  of  bluish  gray, 
and  margins  to  inner  secondaries  ("tertials")  hoary  (not  bluish  slate  gray).  9  un- 
known. Wing  (of  four  cfcf)  68-72;  tail,  64-67;  bill,  15. 

0  An  adult  male  secured  on  Sept.  20,  1916,  by  Geo.  K.  Cherrie,  in  the  collection 
of  the  Amer.  Mus.  of  Nat.  Hist.,  New  York  City.— C.  E.  H. 

d  Whether  Thamnophilus  caerulescens  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  C.  B.  GRANT  (Ibis, 
1911,  p.  136),  from  "Arjerichi,  Paraguay",  (  =  right  bank  of  Rio  Parana,  opposite 
Tebicuari,  Terr.  Formosa,  Argentina)  belongs  to  T.  c.  paraguayensis  or  T.  c.  dinellii 
can  only  be  decided  by  re-examination  of  the  specimen,  presumably  in  collection 
of  British  Museum. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Sometimes  spelled  coerulescens. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  101 

p.  69  (foothills  of  the  Corcovado,  Rio  de  Janeiro*);  BERLEPSCH,  Zeits.  ges. 
Orn.,  2,  1885,  p.  148  in  text  (Rio  de  Janeiro");  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  200  (part;  Paraguay,  se.  Brazil);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4, 
1900,  p.  158  (Cantagallo) ;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  1906,  p.  660  (crit. ;  diag.  o",  9  ;  Sapucay,  Paraguay;  S.  Paulo,  Minas 
Geraes);  JHERING  and  JEERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  198  (Itatiba," 
Ypiranga,  Tie'te',  Ribeiro  Pires,  Bauru,  Rio  Feio,  S.  Paulo);  CHUBB,  Ibis, 
1910,  p.  520  (Sapucay,  Paraguay)." 

Thamnophilus  caerulescens  caendescens  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  199 
(Sapucay,  Villa  Rica,  c.  Paraguay;  S.  Paulo  and  w.  Minas  Geraes,  se.  Brazil). 

Erionotus  caerulescens  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  22,  1874,  P-  86  (Cantagallo, 
Rio»). 

Erionotus  caerulescens  caerulescens  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires, 
23,  1912,  p.  303  (Villa  Rica,  c.  Paraguay). 

Thamnophilus  auratus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  3,  1816, 
p.  312  (based  on  "Batara  pardo  dorado"  Azara  No.  214;  Paraguay;  =  9  ad.). 

Thamnophilus  albonotatus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  1825,  p.  27,  pi.  37,  fig.  2  (=d") 
(Brazil;  type  in  Munich  Museum  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  658,  66 1  (crit.;  Cantagallo,  Petropolis, 
Rio)*. 

Thamnophilus  caerulescens  albonotatus  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz., 
i,  1907,  p.  198  (Campos  do  Jordao,  Piquete,  S.  Paulo;  Itatiaya,"  Vargem 
Alegre,  near  Marianna,  Minas  Geraes);  LUDERWALDT,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.), 
27,  1909,  p.  350  (Campos  Itatiaya,  Serra  Mantiqueira)';  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  200,  in  text  (Rio  de  Janeiro  and  e.  Minas  Geraes). 

Thamnophilus  naevius  (not  of  GMELIN)  SWAINSON,  Ornith.  Drawings,  Part  5, 
1839,  pi.  59  (d*  ad.);  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  94 
(Novo  Friburgo,  Rio);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  76  (Ypanema, 
S.  Paulo)b;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturh.  Foren.  Kjobenh.,  1870, 
p.  367  (Lagoa  Santa,  Taboleiro  Grande,  Minas;  Sao  Carlos,  S.  Paulo;  Novo 
Friburgo,  Rio;  crit.);  PELZELN,  Nunquam  otios.,  2,  1874,  p.  291  (Novo 
Friburgo);  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  Humming  Bird,  2,  1892,  p.  44  (Porto 
Real,  Rio)»;  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1898,  p.  237  (Ribeirao  Pires, 
Tiet£,  S.  Paulo);  idem,  1.  c.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Novo  Friburgo). 

Thamnophilus  ventralis  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  i,  1855,  p.  244 
("South  Brazil";  type  in  British  Museum  examined). 

•  Specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  The  distinction  between  T.  c.  caerulescens  (from  s.  Paraguay  and  S.  Paulo) 
and  T.  c.  albonotatus  (from  the  mountain  ranges  on  the  confines  of  the  Brazilian 
states  of  Rio  and  Minas)  which  I  have  advocated  in  my  revision  of  Spix's  types 
cannot  be  maintained  in  the  light  of  additional  material  received  since  that  time. 
The  amount  of  black  on  the  upper  parts,  the  intensity  of  the  slate  gray  below,  the 
coloration  of  the  under  tail  coverts  and  the  extent  of  the  white  marginal  stripe  on  the 
outer  web  of  the  external  rectrix  prove  to  be  exceedingly  variable  in  a  series  of  fifteen 
males  from  Victoria,  S.  Paulo,  some  of  which  are  even  darker  slate  gray  underneath, 
with  more  strongly  barred  crissum  than  the  types  of  albonotatus  and  tephrogaster,  while 
several  others  from  Serra  do  Itatiaya  are  hardly  distinguishable  from  the  Sao  Paulo 
average.  Females  are  not  distinguishable  either,  although  those  from  Rio  de  Janeiro 
are,  as  a  rule,  slightly  darker.  Ten  examples  from  w.  Minas  (Lagoa  Santa;  Agua 
Suja  near  Bagagem)  are  practically  identical  with  the  S.  Paulo  series  which  I  am 
unable  to  separate  from  topotypical  Paraguayan  birds. — C.  E.  H. 


io2  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnophilus  pileatus  (not  of  SWAINSON)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras., 

3,  1856,  p.  95  (Lagoa  Santa,  Minas);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858, 

p.  213  (part). 
Tamnophilus  pileatus  MIRANDA,   Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  13,  1906, 

p.  184  (Retire  do  Ramos,  Itatiaya). 
Thamnophilus  ochrus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  14,  1901,  p.   188 

(Sapucay,  c.  Paraguay;  type  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =9  ad.);  idem,  Proc. 

U.  S.  Mus.,  25,  1902,  p.  130  (Sapucay). 
Thamnophilus  tephrogaster  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.   Mus.,  25,   1902,  p.  59 

("Bahia,"  the  type  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  examined  by  C.  E.  H., 

is  a  tradeskin  of  the  ordinary  "Rio"  make;  =  d*  ad.). 

Range:  Central  and  southern  Paraguay  (Villa  Rica,  Sapucay), 
thence  ranging  (apparently  through  the  yet  unexplored  western  division 
of  the  State  of  Parana)  to  the  northern  and  eastern  districts  of  Sao 
Paulo,  and  to  the  states  Minas  Geraes  and  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

14:  Brazil  (Victoria,  S.  Paulo  9,  Faz.  Cayoa,  Salto  Grande,  Rio  Par- 
anapanema,  S.  Paulo  3;  Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas 
Geraes  2). 

*Thamnophilus  caerulescens  cearensis  (Cory}.*  GEAR  A  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Erionotus  cearensis  CORY,  Auk,  36,  No.  i,  Jan.  1919,  p.  88  (Serra  Baturite', 
Ceara,  ne.  Brazil). 

Range:   Northeastern  Brazil,  State  of  Ceara  (Serra  Baturit^). 
i:  Ceara  (Serra  Baturit^),  the  type  i. 

Thamnophilus    caerulescens    gilvigaster    Pelzeln.*     TAWNY-BELLIED 
ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  gilvigaster  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  76  (Curytiba, 
Parana,  se.  Brazil;  types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl. 
2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Akad.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  661  (crit.;  Parana,  Santa  Catha- 
rina,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  s.  Brazil;  Corrientes,  Misiones,  ne.  Argentina); 
JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  199  (Itarar6,  sw.  S.  Paulo; 
spec,  examined);  CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie,  5,  1912, 
p.  477,  496  (Vera  Guarany,  Rio  Iguassu,  Est.  Parana);  MENEGAUX,  Rev. 
Prang.  d'Orn.,  No.  no,  1918,  p.  317  (Villa  Lutetia,  near  San  Ignacio,  Misiones). 

Thamnophilus  caerulescens  gilvigaster  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  198, 
199  (Corrientes;  range,  crit.). 

•  Thamnophilus  caerulescens  cearensis  (CORY)  :  Male  (only  known  specimen)  differs 
from  a  considerable  series  of  T.  c.  caerulescens  by  decidedly  larger,  stronger  bill 
and  by  having  the  forehead  (as  far  back  as  the  anterior  angle  of  the  eye)  slate  gray. 
Wing  73;  tail  59;  bill  18.  While  the  characters  of  this  form  should  be  confirmed 
by  additional  material,  there  can  be  no  question  about  its  being  specifically  distinct 
from  the  T,  punctatus-ambiguus  group.— -C.  E.  H. 

b  Thamnophilus  caerulescens  gilvigaster  PELZELN:  Male  differs  from  T.  c.  caeru- 
lescens by  having  the  flanks  and  under  tail  coverts  ochraceous  buff;  female  generally 
with  crown  more  rufous.  Intermediates  to  caerulescens  are  not  uncommon.— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  103 

Thamnophilus  maculatus  (not  of  SUCH,  1825)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY, 
Syn.,  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  1837,  p.  n  (Corrientes;  types  in  Paris 
Museum  examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  m6rid.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  172 
(Itaty,  s.  bank  of  R.  Parana,  Corrientes);  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool., 
(2nd  ser.),  5,  1853,  p.  339  (Corrientes);  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ., 
(n.  s.),  i,  1855,  p.  246  (Corrientes;  ex  D'ORBIGNY) ;  BERLEPSCH  and  JHERING, 
Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  1885,  p.  148  (Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo,  Arroio  Grande, 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  201  ("Pelo- 
tas,"  Rio  Grande  do  Sul) ;  JHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  para 
1900,  1899,  p.  130  (Mundo  Novo), 

Thamnophilus  pileatus  (not  of  SWAINSON)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858, 
p.  213  (part;  Corrientes). 

Thamnophilus  caerulesccns  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  PI.  Staat., 
2,  1 86 1,  p.  472  (part;  City  of  Parana,  Corrientes;  spec,  in  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos 
Aires  examined);  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  614  (Santo  Tom6,  Cor- 
rientes; San  Javier,  Concepcion,  Misiones;  spec,  now  in  Tring  Museum 
examined);  BARROWS,  Auk,  i,  1884,  p.  21  (La  Concepcion,  lower  Uruguay, 
Entrerios;  nest  descr.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  200  (part; 
a,  Uruguay;  c,  d,  Misiones);  APLIN,  Ibis,  1894,  p.  185  (Arroyo  Grande, 
Santa  Elena,  Prov.  Soriano,  Uruguay;  spec,  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Erionotus  gilvigaster  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  1920,  p.  19  (Uruguay). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Sao  Pedro  de  Harare*  (in  south- 
western section  of  State  of  Sao  Paulo)  through  the  eastern  parts  of 
Parana  (Curytiba;  Roca  Nova,  Serra  do  Mar),  Santa  Catharina  (Lagu- 
na)  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  to  Uruguay,  and  through  Misiones  to  Cor- 
rientes and  Entrerios,  northeastern  Argentina,  this  latter  area  being,  to 
the  north  and  west,  bounded  by  the  Rio  Parana. 

*Thamnophilus  caerulescens  dinellii  Berkpsch.*  DINELLI'S  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  dinellii  BERLEPSCH,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  16,  May  1906,  p.  99  ("Tucu- 
man," lapsu;  the  type  in  the  Berlepsch  Collection  examined  by  C.  E.  H.  is 
from  the  Estancia  Isca  Yacu,  Prov.  Santiago  del  Estero,  nw.  Argentina); 
idem,  Onus,  14,  Feb.  1907,  p.  368  ("Tucuman"). 

Thamnophilus  gilvigaster  dinellii  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  1909, 
p.  221  (San  Vicente,  Mocovi,  Prov.  Santa  Fe;  Tapia,  Tucuman). 

Thamnophilus  caerulescens  dinellii  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  200  in 
text  (range). 

Thamnophilus  naevius  (not  of  GMELIN)  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  8,  1860, 
p.  251  (Tucuman;  [?]  Challao,  near  Mendoza,  only  seen). 

•  Thamnophilus  caerulescens  dinettii  BERLEPSCH  :  Male  differs  from  T.  c.  gilvigaster 
by  having  the  throat  much  paler  (whitish,  slightly  freckled  with  gray),  the  breast 
bright  buff  (instead  of  cinereous)  and  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  decidedly  buff  (not 
whitish);  besides,  lores  and  superciliary  stripe  are  more  whitish,  and  the  white 
marginal  spot  on  the  outer  web  of  the  external  rectrix  is  much  smaller.  Female  also 
recognizable  by  its  buffy  whitish  (instead  of  grayish)  throat,  and  bright  ochraceous 
buff  under  parts  without  any  olive  grayish  suffusion  on  foreneck  and  chest.  Wing 
70-73;  tail  68-74;  bill  14-15-  Fifteen  specimens  from  Santa  F£,  Santiago  del  Estero, 
Salta,  and  Tucuman  (Tapia,  Santa  Ana)  examined. — C.  E.  H. 


104  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnophilus  coerulescens  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St., 

2,  1 86 1,  p.  472  (part;  Tucuman;  [?]  Mendoza). 
Thamnophilus  caerulescens  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  360  (Salta; 

spec,  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  200 

(part;  spec,  g,  h,  ex  Salta);  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  1902,  p.  192 

(Tucuman,  Tapia);  idem,  Rev.  letr.  y  cienc.  soc.  Tucuman,  3,  1905,  p.  54 

(same  localities);  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  1904,  p.  223  (Santa  Ana,  Tapia,  Tucuman; 

spec,  examined). 
Thamnophilus  maculatus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SALVADORI, 

Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  1897,  p.  22  (San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy;  Aguai- 

renda,  Prov.  Tarija,  se.  Bolivia). 
Thamnophilus  gilvicollis  (lapsu)  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  1904,  p.  254 

(Oran,  Salta). 
Thamnophilus  gilvigaster  (not  of  PELZELN)  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires, 

18,  1910,  p.  283  (Oran,  Salta;  San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy;  Mocovi,  Chaco). 

Range:  Northwestern  Argentina,  from  the  right  bank  of  the  Par- 
and  in  Prov.  Sante  Fe  (Ocampo,  S.  Vicente,  Mocovi)  to  Prov.  Santiago 
del  Estero,  Tucuman,  Salta,  Jujuy,  and  the  southern  border  of  Bolivia 
(Aguairenda,  near  Caiza,  Dept.  Tarija). 

5:  Argentina  (Tartagal,  Salta  i,  Ocampo  3,  S.  Vicente  i). 

Thamnophilus  connectens  Berlepsch.*   BOLIVIAN  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  connectens  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  Feb.  1907,  p.  369  (Samaipata 
[type],  Holguin,  e.  Bolivia;  the  original  series,  including  type,  examined  in 
Berlepsch  Collection;  descr.  cf ). 

Range:  Eastern  Bolivia,  in  Prov.  Valle  Grande,  southern  portion 
of  Dept.  of  Santa  Cruz  (Samaipata,  Holguin). 

*  Thamnophilus  connectens  BERLEPSCH  is  an  extremely  interesting  "species," 
forming  the  connecting  link  between  the  plain  bellied  T.  caerulescens  dinellii,  of 
nw.  Argentina  and  the  barred-bellied  7*.  aspersiventer  of  w.  Bolivia,  geographically 
as  well  as  in  its  characters. 

The  males  (I  have  seen  no  female)  are  much  like  dinellii,  but  have  more  black  and 
white  on  the  upper  back,  longer  white  apical  spots  on  the  lateral  rectrices,  and  the 
throat  of  a  purer  white  (less  buffy),  more  or  less  variegated  with  gray.  There  is, 
however,  an  unusual  amount  of  variation  in  the  four  males  before  me.  While  the 
type  (adult  male,  Samaipata,  July  24,  1890,  Gustav  Garlepp  coll.  No.  761)  closely 
resembles  T.  aspersiventer  on  the  upper  parts,  except  for  having  narrow  ash  gray  edges 
on  the  anterior  back;  three  other  specimens  (one  of  them  in  first  annual  plumage) 
have  the  crown  only  black,  the  back  mostly  olive  gray,  with  a  varying  amount  of  black 
in  the  middle,  the  uropygial  feathers  tipped  with  buff,  and  the  upper  tail  coverts  ciner- 
eous with  a  black  subapical  band  and  a  large  white  tip,  agreeing  with  T.  c.  dinellii 
in  all  of  these  points.  Even  greater  are  the  differences  on  the  lower  parts.  In  the 
type,  the  throat  is  ashy  gray  streaked  with  whitish,  and  obsoletely  barred  with  darker 
gray  on  lower  portion;  foreneck  and  chest  are  grayish  white,  irregularly,  but  broadly 
barred  with  black;  middle  of  breast  and  abdomen  white,  with  a  few  indistinct  gray- 
ish vermiculations;  flanks  buff,  under  tail  coverts  white,  with  broad  edges  of  bright 
buff.  In  another  adult  from  Samaipata  (July  23,  1890,  Collector's  No.  756),  the 
throat  and  foreneck  are  chiefly  white,  variegated  with  grayish ;  the  remainder  of  the 
under  parts  buff,  deeper  on  flanks  and  tail  coverts.  Finally,  an  adult  male  from 


IQ24-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  105 

*Thamnophilus    aspersiventer    Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny.*    BARRED- 
BELLIED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Tamnophilus  aspersiventer  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag. 
Zool.,  7,  cL  2,  1837,  p.  10  (Prov.  Yungas,  Bolivia;  types  in  Paris  Museum 
examined). 

Thamnophilus  aspersiventer  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  meiid.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  171 
pi.  4,  fig.  i  (d*)i  2  (9  sub.  nom.  T.  schistaceus)  (Prov.  Yungas,  Sicasica  and 
Ayupaya);  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  7,  1844,  p.  83  (Bolivia  "et  in  Colombia," 
errore!);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  148  ("Bogota"  [errore]  ex 
LAFRESNAYE);  idem,  Edinb.  New  Philos.  Journ.,  (n.  s.)f  i,  1885,  p.  242 
(Sicasica,  Ayupaya,  Yungas  of  Bolivia);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921, 
p.  197  (western  Yungas  of  Bolivia). 

Thamnophilus  aspersiventris  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  217  (Bolivia 
(o*,  9  descr.);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  175  (Bolivia);  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.,  Lond.,  1879,  p.  623  (Simacu,  Tilotilo,  Yungas  of  La 
Paz) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 1890,  p.  206  (Tilotilo,  Simacu,  Bolivia). 

Range:  Yungas  of  western  Bolivia  (Dept.  of  La  Paz  and  western 
Cochabamba). 

i:  Bolivia  (Jatumpampa,  Cochabamba,  Todos  Santos  Trail). 

*Thamnophilus  melanchrous  Sclater  and  Solving    PERUVIAN  BLACK 
ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  melanchrous  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond  .,1876,  p.  16,  18, 
pl«  3  (&)  (Huiro,  Urubamba  Valley,  Peru;  type  in  British  Museum  exam- 
ined); TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Peiou,  2,  1884,  p.  n  (descr.  <f  ex  Huiro). 

Holguin  (July  11,  1890,  Collector's  No.  709)  and  one  in  first  annual  plumage 
(Samaipata,  July  23,  1890,  No.  751)  have  the  throat  whiter,  with  a  slight  buffy  tinge, 
and  differ  from  T.  c.  dinellii  only  by  somewhat  lighter  buff  chest  and  the  slightly 
grayish  vermiculations  on  the  throat. 

Count  Berlepsch  gave  an  excellent  description  of  this  bird,  but  after  going  over 
the  same  material,  I  cannot  concur  with  his  view  that  the  specimens  resembling 
dinellii  in  coloration  constitute  an  immature  stage.  Two  of  them  are  undoubtedly 
adult,  and  I  feel  sure,  the  striking  variability  is  purely  individual  and  not  due  to  age. 
There  is  also  the  possibility  of  the  type  specimen  being  a  hybrid  between  aspersi~ 
venter  and  dinellii.  More  material  of  this  "species"  is  highly  desirable. 

Three  males  measure  as  follows:  wing  72,  73,  73;  tail  67,  70,  72;  bill  i4#,  15, 
15.— C.  E.  H. 

*•  Thamnophilus  aspersiventer  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY:  Twenty-five  speci- 
mens from  the  Yungas  of  La  Paz  (S.  Antonio,  S.  Cristobal,  Sandillani,  Chaco,  Tanam- 
paya,  Songo,  Cocapata,  Omeja)  and  one  from  Jatumpampa  (Cochabamba)  exam- 
ined. The  male  has  the  throat  and  foreneck  uniform  black;  the  remainder  of  the 
belly  white,  broadly  squamulated  or  barred  with  black  or  dark  gray.  The  female 
differs  from  that  of  T.  caerulescens  dinellii  by  much  darker,  deep  ochraceous  (instead 
of  buff)  under  parts,  with  the  throat  gray,  streaked  with  paler,  and  the  foreneck 
decidedly  washed  with  grayish  olive;  by  having  the  crown  mainly  black  (instead  of 
rufescent  olive)  and  the  back  more  brownish,  not  olive  gray. 

In  spite  of  its  striking  differences,  I  am  inclined  to  regard  it  as  a  mere  northern 
representative  of  the  T.  caerulescens  group,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  T.  con- 
nectens  BERLEPSCH  of  e.  Bolivia.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Thamnophilus  melanchrous  SCLATER  and  SALVIN  is  closely  allied  to,  and  evi- 
dently the  northern  representative  of  T.  aspersiventer,  from  which  the  male  differs 
only  by  having  the  breast  and  belly  uniform  black  like  throat  and  foreneck  (instead 


io6  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnophilus  luctuosus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10, 
(i),  1844,  p.  278  (Peru;  descr.  d";  spec,  in  Mus.  Neuchatel  examined);  idem, 
Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  1846,  p.  172  (between  12  and  14  degrees  s.  lat.  of  Peru, 
=  Dept.  Junin;  o",  9  in  Mus.  Neuchatel  examined);  BURMEISTER,  Syst. 
Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  93  (descr.  d",  9  ex  TSCHUDI,  excl.  hab.  "Para"); 
TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  529  (Paltaypampa). 

Thamnophilus  subandinus  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  29  (Chacha- 
poyas,  Chirimoto,  Tamiapampa,  n.  Peru);  idem,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  6 
(same  localities). 

Thamnophilus  subandinus  major  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  7  (descr. 
o"  ex  Paltaypampa,  9  ex  coll.  Tschudi  in  Mus.  Neuchatel). 

Thamnophilus  melanochrous  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  191 
(Huiro,  Chachapoyas) ;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
P-  379  (Garita  del  Sol,  Dept.  Junin;  crit.);  idem,  Ornis,  13,  Sept.  1906,  p.  93 
(Idma,  Sta.  Ana  Valley) ;  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  No.  ao,  1910,  p.  321 
(Utcubamba,  ne.  of  Tayabamba) ;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  No.  117,  1921, 
p.  79  (Santa  Ana,  Idma,  San  Miguel  Bridge,  Torontoy,  Urubamba  region). 

Range:  Eastern  Andes  of  Peru,  from  depts.  of  Amazonas  and 
Loreto,  south  to  the  Urubamba  Valley,  Dept.  Cuzco,  chiefly  in  the 
subtropical  zone. 

7:   Peru  (Chinchao  5,  Molinopampa  2). 

*Thamnophilus  torquatus  Swainson.   MEWING  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  torquatus  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  No.  5,  April  1825,  p.  89 
("UrupeV'  Bahia,  e.  Brazil;  =  d");  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ.,  (n.s.), 
i.  1855,  p.  239  (diag.);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  220  (diag.  o",  9 ; 
se.  Brazil,  Bolivia;  excl.  syn.  T.  ruficapillus);  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers. 
Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  100  (Lagoa  Santa,  Minas);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2, 
1868,  p.  79  (Cuyaba,  Matto  Grosso;  Jos6  Dias,  Goyaz) ;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk. 
Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  372  (Lagoa  Santa,  Minas);  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  P-  623  (Guarayos,  e.  Bolivia;  ex  D'ORBIGNY); 
FORBES,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  347  (Quipapa,  Recife,  Pernambuco);  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  213  (Pernambuco,  Bahia,  e.  Brazil);  DUBOIS, 
Syn.  Av.,  i,  1901,  p.  182,  pi.  5,  fig.  i  (o*),  2(9);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul., 
5,  1902,  p.  275  (Jaboticabal,  Rincao,  n.  S.  Paulo);  idem  and  idem,  Cat.  Faun. 
Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  201  (Jaboticabal,  Rincao,  Avanhandava,  n.  S.  Paulo); 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  68  (Rio  Thesouras,  Goyaz);  MENEGAUX 

of  barred  with  black  and  white).  The  female  may  be  recognized  by  lacking  the  white 
apical  margins  to  the  upper  wing  coverts;  by  having  more  black  on  the  crown  and 
nape;  the  back  more  grayish;  the  grayish  of  the  throat  extended  over  the  chest,  and 
the  belly  much  paler  ochraceous,  etc.  Wing  (o")  72-75,  (  9 )  70-74;  tail  (o*)  66-74, 
(9)  64-72;  bill  is-i6#. 

I  fail  to  see  any  constant  difference  between  fifteen  specimens  from  n.  Peru 
(depts.  of  Loreto  and  Amazonas),  including  two  topotypes  of  T.  subandinus  TACZ. 
from  Tamiapampa,  a  couple  from  Garita  del  Sol,  Vitoc  (T.  s.  major  TACZ.),  five 
skins  from  Chinchao  (Dept.  Huanuco),  and  a  topotypical  o"  from  Huiro,  Urubamba 
(r.  melanchrous).—C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS  —  CORY.  107 

and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  28  (Guarayos, 
Bolivia;  Bahia);  REISER,  Denkschr.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76, 
1910,  p.  66  (Beberibe,  near  Recife,  Pernambuco;  Alagoinhas,  Bahia;  Santa 
Philomena,  s.  Piauhy). 

Thamnophilus  scalaris  (ex  LICHTENSTEIN  Ms.)  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3, 
(2),  1831,  p.  999  (e.  Brazil,  locality  not  specified). 

Thamnophilus  atropileus  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag. 
Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  1837,  p.  ii  (Guarayos,  e.  Bolivia;  type  in  Paris  Museum 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  mend.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  173 
(ne.  Chiquitos);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  198  (Guarayos;  crit.). 

Thamnophilus  atripileus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2nd  ser.),  5,  1853,  P-  339 
(Guarayos). 

Thamnophilus  pectoralis  SWAINSON,  Anim.  in  Menag.,  1838,  p.  283  (Bahia). 

Rhopochares  argentinus  CABANIS  and  HEINE/  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  17  ("Monte- 
video, Buenos  Ayres,"  localities  erroneous;  types  in  Mus.  Heine  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.). 

Thamnophilus  ruficapittus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  249  (notes  on  types  of  Th.  scalaris  WIED);  idem,  1.  c.,  5 
1893,  p.  118  (one  9,  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Eastern  and  central  Brazil,  from  Piauhy  and  Pernambuco 
south  to  Bahia,  western  Minas  Geraes  and  northern  Sao  Paulo  (Tiete* 
region),  west  through  Goyaz  to  Matto  Grosso,  and  the  adjoining  parts 
of  eastern  Bolivia  (plains  of  Guarayos). 

i  :  Brazil  (Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa). 

Thamnophilus  ruficapillus  cochabambae   (Chapman)*    COCHABAMBA 
ANT  SHRIKE. 

Rhopochares  cochabambae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  2,  Jan.  1921,  p.  2 
(Tujima,  Prov.  Cochabamba  [type];  Valle  Grande,  Prov.  Santa  Cruz;  Perico, 


*  Rhopochares  argentinus  CABANIS  and  HEINE  was  erroneously  synonymized 
with  T.  ruficapittus  from  which  the  two  male  types  differ  at  a  glance  by  their  black 
(instead  of  rufous)  pileum.  The  specimen  said  to  be  from  "Buenos  Aires"  shows,  on 
most  of  the  feathers  of  the  hind  crown,  grayish  lateral  and  olive  brownish  apical 
edges,  which  are  also  slightly  indicated  in  some  Bahia  skins.  There  can  be  no  ques- 
tion as  to  the  localities  being  wrongly  given  as  "Montevideo"  and  "Buenos  Aires." 
The  types  are  of  the  same  preparation  and  formed  part  of  the  same  collection  as  a 
skin  of  Knipolegus  nigerrimus  labeled  "Rio  Grande,'  in  the  Heine  Collection.  This 
species  being  peculiar  to  se.  Brazil  (Rio,  s.  Minas,  S.  Paulo),  it  is  pretty  certain  that 
the  types  of  R.  argentinus,  also,  originated  from  this  region,  probably  from  S.  Paulo. 
In  size  (wing  64,  67;  tail  66,  67^),  they  agree  very  well  with  a  male  from  S.  Jero- 
nymo,  Tiete'  distr.,  n.  Sao  Paulo  (wing  66;  tail  67),  while  birds  from  Bahia  are  gen- 
erally somewhat  smaller  (wing  62-64;  tail  58-60).  The  type  of  T.  atropileus  LAFRES- 
NAYE and  D'ORBIGNY  from  Guarayos,  e.  Bolivia,  again  is  rather  large  (wing  67; 
tail  65).—  C.  E.  H. 

b  Thamnophilus  ruficapillus  cochabambae  (CHAPMAN):  Agrees  with  T.  r.  rufi- 
capillus in  the  rufous  cap,  but  differs  in  the  male  sex  by  its  smoke  gray  (instead  of 
warm  earthy  brown)  back,  more  grayish  sides  of  head  and  neck,  ashy  (not  earthy 
brown)  margins  to  the  central  rectrices,  and  by  the  lateral  tail  feathers  being  indented 


io8  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnophilus  argentinus  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La 
Plata  St.,  2,  1861,  p.  472  (part;  Tucumdn). 

Thamnophilus  ruficapillus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  12, 
No.  292,  1895,  p.  22  (San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy;  Tala,  Salta);  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  1902,  p.  192  (La  Hoyada,  Tucuman);  idem,  Rev.  letr.  y 
cienc.  soc.  Tucuman,  3,  1905,  p.  54  (same  locality);  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La 
Plata,  n,  1904,  p.  254  (Rosario  de  Lerma,  Salta);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  1910,  p.  284  (part;  La  Hoyada,  Tucumdn;  Salta;  S.  Lor- 
enzo, Jujuy). 

Range:  Central  Bolivia  (south  of  the  Sierra  de  Cochabamba)  and 
northwestern  Argentina,  in  states  of  Jujuy,  Salta  and  Tucuman. 

Thamnophilus  ruficapillus  ruficapillus   Vieillot.    RUFOUS-CAPPED  ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  ruficapillus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  3, 
1816,  p.  318  (ex  Azara  No.  215:  no  locality  specified,  we  suggest  Corrientes 
as  terra  typica);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  79  (Ypanema,  S.  Paulo; 
Curytiba,  Parand) ;  idem,  Nunq.  otios.,  2,  1874,  p.  291  (Novo  Friburgo,  Rio); 
BERLEPSCH  and  JEERING,  Zeitschr.  ges.  Ornith.,  2,  1885,  p.  149  (Taquara, 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Ornith.,  i,  1888,  p.  204 
(eastern  provinces  of  Argentina,  south  to  Buenos  Aires);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  213  (Buenos  Aires,  La  Plata);  BOUCARD  and  BER- 
LEPSCH, The  Humming  Bird,  2,  1892,  p.  44  (Porto  Real,  Rio);  APLIN,  Ibis, 
1894,  p.  185  (Uruguay) ;  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  238  (S.  Paulo, 
Piracicaba);  idem,  1.  c.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Novo  Friburgo);  idem,  Annuario 
Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  para  1900,  1899,  p.  130  (Mundo  Novo,  S.  Lourenco, 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  201  (Ypiranga, 
S.  Paulo,  Itarare1,  Piracicaba,  S.  Paulo;  Vargem  Alegre  near  Marianna,  Minas 
Geraes;a  Novo  Hamburgo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  HARTERT  and  VENTURI, 
Nov.  Zool.,  16,  1909,  p.  221  (Barracas  al  Sud,  B.  Aires);  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  1910,  p.  284  (part;  Buenos  Aires);  BERTONI,  Faun. 
Parag.,  1914,  p.  51  (Alto  Parand,  Paraguay). 

Rhopochares  ruficapillus  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  1920,  p.  19  (Montevideo, 
Canelones,  Colonia,  Uruguay). 

Thamnophilus  scalaris  (not  of  WIED)  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  8,  1860, 
p.  251  (Banda  Oriental;  Parand,  Argentina);  EULER,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  194; 
1.  c.,  1868,  p.  190  (breeding  habits;  Cantagallo,  Rio). 

Thamnophilus  argentinus  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La 
Plata  St.,  2,  1861,  p.  472  (part;  Parand,  Banda  Oriental);  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  141  (Conchitas,  B.  Aires);  HUDSON,  1.  c., 

with  white  on  the  outer  web;  female  distinguishable  by  the  mainly  olive  gray  back 
and  upper  tail  coverts,  and  much  paler,  whitish  buff  under  parts.  Wing  (cf )  69-70, 
(9)  66-67;  tail  (cT)  76-79,  (9)  70-72;  bill  16-17.  Four  specimens  from  the  type 
locality  examined.— C.  E.  H. 

•  Probably  wrongly  identified.  Reinhardt  records  T.  torquatus  from  Marianna. 
All  specimens  I  have  seen  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Cantagallo,  Porto  Real)  are  refer- 
able to  T.  r.  ruficapillus,  those  from  western  Minas  (Lagoa  Santa)  to  T.  torquatus. — 
C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  109 

1870,  p.  113  (Buenos  Aires);  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  183  (Buenos  Aires); 

idem,  1.  c.,  1878,  p.  62  (nest);  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  614  (Santo 

Tom6,  Corrientes);  BARROWS,  Auk,  i,  1884,  p.  21  (Concepcion,  Entrerios); 

GIBSON,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  281  (Paysandu,  Uruguay). 
Rhopochares  torquatus  (not  of  SWAINSON)  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  22,  1874, 

p.  86  (Cantagallo,  Rio;  one  9). 
Thamnophilus  torquatus  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Cantagallo; 

ex  CABANIS). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro  to  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul;  Uruguay;  northeastern  Argentina  (states  of  Buenos 
Aires,  Entrerios,  Corrientes,  and  adjoining  parts  of  eastern  Paraguay 
(Alto  Parana). 

Thamnophilus  ruficapillus  subfasciatus  Sclater  and  Salvin.*   BARRED- 
BREASTED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  subfasciatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  357, 
pi.  33  (Tilotilo,  Yungas  of  La  Paz,  Bolivia) ;  idem,  1.  c.,  1879,  p.  623  (Tilotilo) ; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  214  (Bolivia). 

Range :  Yungas  of  La  Paz,  western  Bolivia  (Tilotilo,  Chaco,  Chulu- 
mani). 

Thamnophilus  ruficapillus  marcapatae   Hellmayr*    MARCAPATA  ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  marcapatae  HELLMAYR,  Verhandl.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  n,  No.  i, 

Jan.  1912,  p.  162  (Chuhuasi,  near  Ollachea,  Rio  San  Gaban,  n.  Puno  [type]; 

Marcapata,  Dept.  Cuzco,  se.  Peru);  idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10, 

1920,  p.  84  (same  localities). 
(?)   Thamnophilus  subfasciatus  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  TACZANOWSKI, 

P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  201  (Cutervo);  idem,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  18 

(Cutervo;  Cococh6,  R.  Maranon,  n.  Peru). 

Range:  Southeastern  Peru,  in  depts.  Puno  (Chuhuasi,  Sierra  of 
Carabaya)  and  Cuzco  (Marcapata) ;  ( ?)  northern  Peru  (Cutervo,  Coco- 
cho). 

•  Thamnophilus  ruficapillus  subfasciatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Male  similar  to 
T.  r.  cochabambae  in  having  the  back  mainly  smoky  gray;  but  entire  under  surface, 
except  throat  and  anal  region,  regularly  and  closely  barred  with  black  on  a  purer 
white  ground;  lower  tail  coverts  white,  barred  with  gray;  white  cross  bands  on  inner 
web  of  lateral  rectrices  narrower  and  shorter,  occupying  only  the  inner  half  of  the 
vane.  Female  much  darker,  ochraceous  instead  of  buff  underneath.  Wing  (two 
o"o")  65^-68,  (two  9  9)  6sX-68;  tail  63-68;  bill  17-18.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Thamnophilus  ruficapillus  marcapatae  HELLMAYR:  Male  differs  from  T.  r.  sub- 
fasciatus  by  having  the  under  parts  smoky  gray;  the  chest  and  middle  of  breast 
only  barred  with  black  and  white,  the  black  bars  being  at  least  twice  as  wide  as  the 
white  interspaces  (while  in  its  ally,  the  white  bars  are  about  two  or  three  times  as 
broad  as  the  black  ones);  the  flanks  without  any  brownish  wash;  the  under  tail 
coverts  smoky  gray,  barely  edged  with  white.  Female  darker  ochraceous  beneath 
Wing  (o*)  67-68,  (  9)  65;  tail  63-64;  bill  16^-17.— C.  E.  H. 


no  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Genus  PYGIPTILA  Sclater. 

Pygiptila  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  220  (type  by  subs,  desig.,  SCLATER, 
1890,  Thamnophilus  macidipennis  SCLATER). 

Pygoptila  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  69  (emendation). 
*Pygiptila  stellaris  (Spix).   SPOTTED-WINGED  BUSH  BIRD. 

Thamnophilus  stellaris  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  1825,  p.  27,  pi.  36,  fig.  2  (o")  ("in 
provincia  Parae,"  type,  formerly  in  Munich  Museum,  lost);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  22,  1854,  p.  112  (Quijos,  e.  Ecuador);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  195  (Guiana,  Amazons;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SNETHLAGE, 
Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  283  (Para). 

Pygiptila  stellaris  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906, 
p.  657  (crit.;  =  Thamnophilus  maculipennis  SCLATER);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  13, 
1906,  p.  367  (San  Antonio  do  Prata,  Pard;  Paramaribo,  Surinam);  JHERING 
and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  202  (Rio  Jurud;  spec,  examined); 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  61  (Teffe1),  370  (Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira) ; 
idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  344  (Calama);  idem,  Abhandl.  math,  naturw.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  43  (Ipitinga,  Utinga),  92  (Pard,  Utinga, 
S.  Antonio,  Ipitinga);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 1916,  p.  279 
(upper  Orinoco,  Caura,  Venezuela) ;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  62,  No.  2,  1918,  p.  67  (Paramaribo,  Lelydorp,  Surinam). 

Pygoptila  stellaris  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  153  (Cayenne);  SNETH- 
LAGE, Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  15  (Bom  Lugar,  Ponto  Alegre,  Rio  Punis), 
p.  510  (Bella  Vista,  Villa  Braga,  Goyana,  R.  Tapaj6z);  idem,  1.  c.,  61,  1913, 
p.  528  (habits);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  274  (Pard;  Tocantins, 
Xingu,  Iriri,  Curud,  Tapaj6z,  Jamauchim  Rivers;  R.  Purus). 

Thamnophilus  maculipennis  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Philos.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  I, 
April  1855,  p.  247  (orig.  descr.  o*  and  9  ;  Quixos,  e.  Ecuador;  Chamicuros, 
Peruvian  Amazons,  the  latter  being  the  type  locality;  see  SCLATER,  Cat. 
Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  176);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  65  (Rio 
Napo). 

Pygiptila  maculipennis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  220  (upper  Ama- 
zons; Rio  Napo;  descr.);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  79  (Salto 
do  Girao,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  Marabitanas,  Rio  Amajau,  Rio  Negro). 

Pygoptila  maculipennis  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  15  (Cayenne; 
spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  185  (upper 
Ucayali,  Sarayacu);  idem,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  750  (Xeberos);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873, 
p.  273  (upper  Ucayali,  Sarayacu,  Xeberos;  Chamicuros);  TACZANOWSKI,  1. 
c.,  1882,  p.  30  (Yurimaguas) ;  idem,  Ornith.  P6rou,  2,1884,  P-  26  (Sarayacu, 
upper  Ucayali,  Xeberos,  Chamicuros,  Yurimaguas;  Elvira,  Tarapoto,  Pebas) ; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  217  (Iquitos,  Chamicuros, 
Chyavetas,  Peru ;  Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador) ;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  71  (Munduapo,  Nericagua,  R.  Orinoco;  La  Union,  La 
Pricion,  Caura);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  439  (Rio  Jurud). 

Range:    From  the  Guianas  and  the  Orinoco-Caura  basin  in  Ven- 
ezuela to  Pard,  Brazil,  and  throughout  the  Amazonian  forest  region 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  in 

westward  to  the  eastern  slopes  of  the  Andes  in  Ecuador  and  Peru, 
south  to  the  Dept.  Huanuco  (Chuchurras). 

2:   Peru  (Rio  Ucayali  i,  Puerto  Bermudez  i). 


Genus  MEGASTICTUS  Ridgway. 

Megastictus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  1909,  p.  69  (type  by  orig. 
desig.  Myrmeciza  margaritata  SCLATER). 

Megastictus  margaritatus  (Sclater).   PEARLY  BUSH  BIRD. 

Myrmeciza  margaritata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22,  "1854,"  publ.  April,  1855, 

P-  253.  pl-  71  (Chamicuros,  n.  Peru). 
Pygiptila  margaritata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  221   (Chamicuros); 

PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.   1868,  p.    79    (Marabitanas,    Rio   Negro); 

JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  202  (Rio  Negro);  HELL- 

MAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  344  (Calama,  Rio  Madeira). 
Pygoptila  margaritata  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  177  (Peruvian 

Amazons);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  750  (Xeberos); 

idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  273  (Chamicuros,  Xeberos;  nest  and  eggs  described); 

TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Peiou,  2,  1884,  p.  27  (Chamicuros,  Xeberos);  SCLATER, 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  217  (Xeberos,  Chamicuros);  SNETHLAGE, 

Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  274  (diagn.). 
Range:  Eastern  Peru  and  western  Brazil  (Rio  Negro,  Rio  Madeira). • 


Genus  NEOCTANTES  Sclater. 
Neoctantes  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  572  (type  Xenops  niger  PELZELN). 

Neoctantes  niger  (Pelzeln).   BLACK  BUSH  BIRD. 

Xenops  niger  PELZELN,  Sitzungsb.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  math.-naturw.  Kl.f  34, 
1859,  p.  in  (Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro;  types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.). 

Pteroptochus  niger  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  46  (Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro). 

Neoctantes  niger  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  572;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15, 1890,  p.  218  (Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro,  nw.  Brazil  and  Sarayacu,  Ecuador). 

Range :   Northwestern  Brazil  (Rio  Negro)  and  eastern  Ecuador. 

Genus  CLYTOCTANTES  Elliot. 
Clytoctantes  ELLIOT,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  242  (type  Clytoctantes  alixi  ELLIOT). 

Clytoctantes  alixi  Elliot.    RE  CURVED-BILLED  BUSH  BIRD. 

Clytoctantes  alixi  ELLIOT,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  242,  pi.  20  (Rio  Napo,  Ecua- 

•  Birds  from  Marabitanas  and  Calama  agree  well  with  two  topotypes   from 
n.  Peru.— C.  E.  H. 


iia  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

dor);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  219  ("Bogota");  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  369  (Puerto  Valdivia,  lower  Cauca, 
Colombia). 

Range:    Eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo)  and  Colombia  (Puerto  Val- 
divia, lower  Cauca;  "Bogota"  collections).* 


Genus  THAMNISTES  Sclater  and  Salvin. 

Thamnistes  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  299  (type  Thamnistes 
anabatinus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN). 

Thamnistes  anabatinus  anabatinus  Sclater  and  Salvin.   TAWNY  BUSH 
BIRD. 

Thamnistes  anabatinus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  299  (Choc- 
turn,  Vera  Paz,  Guatemala);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  216 
(part;  Choctum,  Cajabon,  and  Samayoa,  Guatemala);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  205,  pi.  50,  fig.  i  (part;  Guatemala). 

Thamnistes  anabatinus  anabatinus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  50, 
Part  5,  1911,  p.  23  (State  of  Tabasco,  Mexico,  Guatemala  and  British  Hon- 
duras). 

Range:  Southeastern  Mexico  (Tabasco),  Guatemala  and  British 
Honduras. 

i :   Guatemala. 

Thamnistes  anabatinus  saturatus  Ridgway.   RUSSET  BUSH  BIRD. 

Thamnistes  anabatinus  saturatus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  1908, 
p.  193  (Bonilla,  Costa  Rica,  2,600  feet);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6, 
1910,  p.  605  (Costa  Rican  localities,  habits,  etc.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  No.  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  23  (part;  Costa  Rica  and  w.  Panama). 

Thamnistes  anabatinus  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  a,  1892,  p.  205  (part;  Costa  Rica,  Chiriqui). 

Range:  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chiriqui). 

Thamnistes  anabatinus  coronatus  Nelson*  NELSON'S  BUSH  BIRD. 

Thamnistes  anabatinus  coronatus  NELSON,  Smithson.  Misc.  Coll.,  60,  No.  3, 
Sept.  1912,  p.  9  (  Cana,  3,500  feet  alt.,  e.  Panama);  BANGS  and  BARBOUR, 
Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  No.  6,  Sept.  1922,  p.  206  (Mt.  Sap6,  Darien). 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Calobre,  Veragua,  Canal  Zone,  Darien). 

•  Known  to  the  author  only  from  two  males  at  Tring,  and  one  female  in  the  British 
Museum,  all  of  the  peculiar  "Bogota"  make. 

b  Thamnistes  anabatinus  coronatus  NELSON:  Similar  to  T.  a.  saturatus,  but 
differs  in  having  the  crown  dull  rufous  contrasting  with  olivaceous  brown  of  back, 
and  under  side  of  neck  and  upper  breast  dull  ochraceous  buffy,  contrasting  with  the 
olivaceous  buffy  of  rest  of  under  parts.  This  race  is  unknown  to  us. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  113 

Thamnistes  anabatinus  intermedius  Chapman.*   INTERMEDIATE  BUSH 
BIRD. 

Thamnistes  anabatinus  intermedius  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.   Nat.  Hist., 

33,  1914,  p.  614  (Barbacoas,  sw.  Colombia);  idem,  1.  c.,  36,  1917,  p.  369 

(Alto  Bonito,  Rio  Sucio;  Barbacoas). 
Thamnistes  aequatorialis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  380  (part;  specimen 

ex  Nanegal,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,   1862, 

p.  176  (part;  Nanegal);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,   1890,  p.  216  (part; 

Nanegal). 
Thamnistes  anabatinus  aequatorialis  (not  of  SCLATER)  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 

1902,  p.  611  (Lita  and  Rio  Verde,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador;  specimens 

in  Tring  Museum  examined). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  western  Colombia  (from  the  Rio  Sucio 
southward)  and  northwestern  Ecuador  (Lita,  Rio  Verde,  Prov.  Esmer- 
aldas; Nanegal,  Prov.  Pichincha). 

Thamnistes  anabatinus  aequatorialis  Sclater.  ECUADORIAN  BUSH  BIRD. 

Thamnistes  aequatorialis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  380  (part;  type  local- 
ity Rio  Napo,  as  designated  by  Chapman b);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds, 
1862,  p.  176  (part;  Rio  Napo);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  216 
(part;  Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  369  (La  Morelia,  se.  Colombia). 

Range:  Eastern  (Amazonian)  slopes  of  Andes  of  Colombia  ("Bogo- 
ta"; La  Morelia,  Caquetd  region)  and  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu).0 

*Thamnistes  anabatinus  rufescens  Cabanis.   PERUVIAN  BUSH  BIRD.* 

Thamnistes  rufescens  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  21,  1873,  p.  65  (Monterico, 
n.  Ayacucho,  Peru;  descr.  o",  9);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874, 
p.  530  (Monterico;  Amable  Maria,  Dept.  Junin);  idem,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884, 

•  Thamnistes  anabatinus  intermedius  CHAPMAN:  "Similar  to  T.  a.  coronatus, 
but  upper  parts,  wings  and  tail  darker,  the  crown  between  russet  and  argus  brown 
instead  of  cinnamon  brown,  and  more  definitely  defined  from  the  back,  the  back 
with  a  russet  tinge,  the  tail  hazel  rather  than  cinnamoeous."  (CHAPMAN,  1.  c.). 
Four  specimens  from  nw.  Ecuador  (Lita,  Rio  Verde)  differ  from  T.  a.  aequatorialis 
(one  femalefrom  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador,  two  males  from  "Bogota"  examined)  by  having 
the  crown  more  extensively  and  brighter  rufous,  without  light  shaft  lines;  the  back 
much  more  brownish;  and  the  lores  and  superciliary  streak  paler,  less  ochraceous. — 
C.  E.  H. 

b  Although  Sclater,  in  the  original  description,  confused  this  race  with  the 
w.  Ecuadorian  T.  m.  intermedius  and  did  not  explicitly  designate  a  type,  the  name 
aequatorialis  has,  afterwards,  been  restricted  by  Chapman  to  the  eastern  form. 

"Two  "Bogotd"- skins  differ  from  an  east  Ecuadorian  specimen  by  deeper 
ochraceous  throat  and  foreneck. — C.  E.  H. 

d  Thamnistes  anabatinus  rufescens  CABANIS:  Differs  from  T.  a.  aequatorialis  by 
having  the  crown  light  brownish  olive  like  the  back  (not  rufous),  the  forehead  only 
washed  with  buff,  and  generally  brighter,  more  ochraceous  under  parts.  Besides 
our  specimens,  I  have  examined  five  more  from  Marcapata  and  Huaynapata,  Dept. 
Cuzco,  in  the  Berlepsch  Collection. — C.  E.  H. 


ii4  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

p.  25  (same  localities);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.,  Lond.,  1896, 
p.  381  (La  Gloria,  Dept.  Junin;  crit.);  idem,  Ornis,  13,  1906,  p.  116  (Huay- 
napata). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  central  Peru  (depts.  Ayacucho,  Junin  and 
Cuzco). 

4:   Peru  (Huachipa). 

Genus  DYSITHAMNUS  Cabanis. 

Dysithamnus  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  223  (type  by  sub.  desig., 

Gray,  1855,  Myiothera  strictothorax  TEMMINCK). 
Silvestrius  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Paraguay,  Jan.  1901,  p.  136   (type    Thamno- 

philus  (Silvestrius)  flavescens  BERTONI  =  Myothera  mentalis  TEMMINCK). 

Dysithamnus  stictothorax  (Temminck).    SPOT-BREASTED  BUSH  BIRD. 

Myothera  strictothorax  (typog.  error")  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PL  col.,  livr.  30,  Jan. 
1823,  pi.  179,  fig.  1,2  ( =  d* ,  9 )  ("Bresil,"  the  types  in  the  Vienna  Museum, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.,  were  obtained  by  Sellow  in  the  State  of  Bahia). 

Thamnophilus  strictothorax  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  p.  1013  (Naza- 
reth das  Farinhas,  near  Bahia). 

Dysithamnus  stictothorax  HELLMAYR,  Verhandl.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  No.  2,  Feb. 
1915,  p.  147  (Braco  do  Sul,  near  Victoria,  Espirito  Santo;  nomencl.,  range). 

Lanius  guttulatus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dub.  Berliner  Mus.,  i823b,  p.  46  (S.  Paulo; 
descr.  cf). 

Dasythamnus  guttulatus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  81 
(descr.  o",  9  ;  S.  Paulo,  Bahia). 

Dysithamnus  guttulatus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  221  (descr.  cf,  9  ; 
hab.  part;  se.  Brazil);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  79  (Bahia);  CABANIS, 
Journ.  Ornith.,  1874,  p.  86  (Cantagallo,  Rio);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  220  (descr.  d1,  9  ;  Bahia,  se.  Brazil);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul., 
3,  1899,  p.  238  (Iguap6,  S.  Paulo);  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  202 
(Alto  da  Serra,  Ubatuba,  Iguape,  S.  Paulo;  Marianna,  Minas  Geraes). 

Dysithamnus  gutturalis  (lapsu)  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Can- 
tagallo). 

Range:  Forest  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  southern  Bahia 
and  eastern  Minas  Geraes  to  Sao  Paulo  (Alto  da  Serra,  Ubatuba, 
Iguape"). 

*Dysithamnus  mentalis   mentalis    (Temminck}.     OLIVACEOUS   BUSH 
BIRD. 

Myothera  mentalis  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PL  col.,  livr.  30,  Jan.  1823,  pi.  179,  fig.  3 
("Bresil";  the  type  examined  in  the  Vienna  Museum  was  obtained  by  J. 
Natterer  at  Curytiba,  Parana). 

a  Corrected  to  stictothorax  in  the  Index  (Tableau  methodique),  vol.  I,  p.  18. 
b  The  preface  is  dated  "September  1823." 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  115 

Myiothera  poliocephala  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1098 
(se.  Brazil;  see  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  a,  1889,  p.  250). 

Dasythamnus  mentalis  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p .  82 
(se.  Brazil). 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  26,  1858,  p.  221  (descr.  cf,  9 ; 
hab.  part;  se.  Brazil);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  79  (Registo  do  Sai, 
Rio  de  Janeiro;  Curytiba,  Parand;  Rio  Parana,  S.  Paulo);  REINHARDT, 
Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  366  (Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes); 
CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1874,  P-  86  (Cantagallo,  Rio);  BERLEPSCH  and 
JEERING,  Zeit.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  1885,  p.  150  (Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul; 
Laguna,  Sta.  Catharina);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  221 
(se.  Brazil);  JEERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  239  (Iguapg,  Tiet6, 
S.  Paulo);  idem,  1.  c.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Cantagallo);  idem,  Annuario  Estado 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul  para  1900,  1899,  p.  130  (Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo); 
EULER,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  1900,  p.  68  (nest  and  eggs);  SALVADORI,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  1900,  p.  18  (Tebicuari,  Paraguay);  OBER- 
BOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  1902,  p.  128  (Sapucay,  Paraguay); 
JEERING  and  JEERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  202  (Ypiranga,  Tiet6, 
Itararfi,  Avanhandava,  Barretos,  Bebedouro,  Itapura,  Bauni,  Iguap6, 
Alto  da  Serra,  Ubatuba,  S.  Paulo);  CBUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  521  (Sapucay, 
Paraguay);  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  1914,  p.  326  (Iguazu,  Misiones). 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  mentalis  TODD,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  1916, 
p.  536  (monogr.,  synon.;  se.  Brazil,  Paraguay);  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg., 
85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  87  (descr.  9;  range);  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  I, 
1919,  p.  263  (Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones). 

Thamnophilus  [Silvestrius]  flavescens  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Paraguay,  1901, 
p.  136  (Alto  Parana,  Paraguay). 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  leucobronchialis  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn. 
Ser.,  i,  Aug.  1916,  p.  337  (Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  southern 
Minas  Geraes  (Lagoa  Santa,  Rio  Jordao,  Bagagem)»  to  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul,  west  to  the  northern  boundary  of  the  State  of  Sao  Paulo;  Misiones, 
northeast  Argentina;  southern  Paraguay  (Tebicuari,  Sapucay). 

13:  Brazil  (Rio  das  Velhas  near  Lagoa  Santa,  Victoria  4,  Sao 
Sebastiao  i,  Faz.  Cayod,  Sao  Paulo  7). 

*Dysithamnus  mentalis  emiliae  Hellmayr.*   SNETHLAGE'S  BUSH  BIRD. 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  emiliae  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr. 
Akad.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  92  (San  Antonio  do  Prata  [type],  Flor  do 

•  Three  adult  males  from  Minas  Geraes  (i  Rio  Jordao,  June  24,  1901,  A.  Robert 
coll.,  Tring  Museum;  i  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem,  O.  A.  de  Carvalho  coll.,  Munich 
Museum;  i  Lagoa  Santa,  type  of  D.  m.  leucobronchialis)  appear  to  be  inseparable 
from  a  series  obtained  in  more  southern  localities,  although  Cory's  type  has  the 
lower  throat  distinctly  washed  with  yellowish. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Dysithamnus  mentalis  emiliae:  Male  similar  to  D.  m.  mentalis  but  crown  much 
darker,  blackish  slate  instead  of  plumbeous;  sides  of  head  darker,  with  the  whitish 
loral  spot  barely  indicated;  back  and  outer  webs  pf.remiges  duller,  grayish  olive; 
throat,  foreneck  and  chest  white,  partly  clouded  with  gray,  only  the  middle  of  the 


n6  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Prado  [Quati-puni],  Rio  Capim,  Para  distr.,  ne.  Brazil);   SNETHLAGE,  Bol. 

Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  275  (Peixe-Boi,  Quati-Purii,  E.  F.  B.;  Rio  Guamd. 

(Santa  Maria  do  S.  Miguel);  Rio  Tocantins  (Mazagao,  Bai5o);  HELLMAYR, 

Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  88  (crit.). 
Dysithamnus  affinis  emiliae  TODD,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  1916,  p.  555 

(descr.  cf ,   9  ;  Baiao,  Rio  Tocantins). 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  (errore)  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  499  (Capim  River). 
Dysithamnus  mentalis  menialis  (err.)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  367 

(S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  Para  distr.). 

Range:   Northeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Maranhao  and  Pard,  west 
to  the  Tocantins. 

2:  Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  2). 

*Dysithamnus  mentalis  cumbreanus    Hkllmayr  and  Seilern.*    VEN- 
EZUELAN BUSH  BIRD. 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  cumbreanus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Verhandl.  Orn.  Ges. 

Bayr.,  12,  Heft  3,  July  1915,  p.  203  (Las  Quiguas,  San  Esteban  Valley,  Cara- 

bobo,  n.  Venezuela);  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  88 

(crit.;  descr.    9;  n.  Venezuela:  Las  Quigas;  Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila;  San 

Esteban;  Bermudez  [S.  Antonio,  Caripe]). 
Dysithamnus  mentalis  lateralis  TODD,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  Aug. 

1916,  p.  540  (Guarico,  Estado  Lara  [type];  Las  Quiguas,  San  Esteban,  Cara- 

bobo;  El  Hacha,  Aroa;  Sierra  de  Carabobo;  El  Guacharo,  Bermudez;  excl. 

Honda  and  Tobago). 
Dysithamnus  semicinereus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

1868,  p.  168  (Caripe),  628  (San  Esteban);  idem,  1.  c.,  1875,  p.  235  (Merida); 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  221  (part;  spec,  u-w;  Venezuela); 

DALMAS,  Mem.  Soc.  Zool.  France,  13,  1900,  p.  141  (part;  Paria  Peninsula). 
Dysithamnus  mentalis  olivaceus   (not  of  TSCHUDI)   HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN, 

Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  Sept.  1912,  p.  121  (Las  Quiguas,  Chiquita, 

Cumbre  de  Valencia;  Quebrada  Secca,  Caripe,  Bermudez). 
Dysithamnus  mentalis  mentalis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  3,  32  in 

text  (part;  Cumana). 

Range :  Northern  Venezuela,  from  Bermudez  west  to  states  of  Cara- 
bobo, Falcon,  Lara,  and  Me"rida. 
4:   Caracas. 

abdomen  being  pale  yellow;  under  wing  coverts  and  quill  lining  nearly  pure  white. 
It  also  bears  a  certain  resemblance  to  D.  mentalis  affinis,  but  may  be  recognized  by 
the  darker,  more  slaty  blackish  head,  more  greenish  back,  the  yeflowish  tinge  of  the 
abdomen  and  the  darker  greenish  olive  flanks.  The  female  hardly  differs  in 
coloration  from  certain  females  of  D.  m.  olivaceus,  but  is  decidedly  smaller. 

Wing  (male)  59-60,  (female)  57;  tail  37-40. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Dysithamnus  mentalis  cumbreanus:  Similar  to  D.  mentalis  oberi  RIDGWAY 
from  Tobago,  but  smaller  with  shorter  bill;  male  with  throat  and  foreneck  not  pure 
white,  but  decidedly  mixed  with  gray;  under  parts  paler  yellow  and  sides  more 
strongly  shaded  with  grayish  olive;  female  with  grayish  olive  (less  brownish)  back, 
brownish  olive  (instead  of  russet)  edges  to  the  wings,  paler  yellow  under  parts, 
and  grayish  olive  (not  buffy  brown)  auriculars. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  117 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  andrei  Hellmayr.*  ANDRE'S  BUSH  BIRD. 

Dysithamnus  affinis  andrei  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  31  (Caparo, 
Trinidad);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brcx>kl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  No.  13,  1908,  p.  365 
(Carenage,  Aripo,  Trinidad);  BEEBE,  Zoologica,  i,  No.  3,  1909,  p.  93  (La 
Brea,  Orinoco  delta) ;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916, 
p.  281  (Guanoco,  Orinoco  delta). 

Dysithamnus  andrei  TODD,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  1916,  p.  556  (part; 
Carenage,  Aripo,  Heights  of  Orepouche,  Santa  Emilia  Estate,  Poole,  Caparo, 
Princestown,  Trinidad;  El  Callao,  Yuruani  River,  ne.  Venezuela;  descr.). 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  andrei  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  54, 
55,  57  (Trinidad);  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  Abt.  A,  Heft  10,  1920, 
p.  89  (crit.;  Trinidad  and  La  Brea,  ne.  Venezuela). 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  spodionotus  (not  of  SALVIN  and  GODMAN)  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6,  1894,  p.  50  (Trinidad;  habits). 

Range:  Trinidad  and  northeastern  Venezuela  (La  Brea  in  the 
Orinoco  delta ;b  El  Callao,  near  Guacipati,  Rio  Yuruani). 

*Dysithamnus  mentalis  oberi  Ridgway.*  OBER'S  BUSH  BIRD. 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  oberi  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  1908,  p.  193 
(Tobago;  descr.  o";  type  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 
HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  88  (crit.;  descr.  o",  9, 
Tobago). 

•  Dysithamnus  mentalis  andrei  HELLMAYR:  Male  differs  from  D.  m.  affinis  by  its 
more  purely  slate  gray  back  (without  any,  or  with  slight  olivaceous  wash  on  rump 
only)  and  upper  tail  coverts,  by  lacking  the  whitish  streak  along  lower  edge  of 
auriculars  and  the  olivaceous  shade  on  the  flanks,  and  by  having  the  under  tail 
coverts  nearly  pure  white  (instead  of  buff  or  pale  brownish) ;  from  D.  m.  spodionotus 
by  its  decidedly  lighter  slate  gray  upper  parts,  chest  and  sides  of  breast  as  well  as 
by  the  absence  of  the  brownish  wash  on  the  flanks.  The  female  may  be  distinguished 
from  either  of  its  allies  by  the  decidedly  grayish  olive  dorsal  surface,  less  rufescent 
wings,  grayish  (not  buffy  brown)  sides  of  head,  and  much  whiter  under  parts,  with 
much  less  buffy  suffusion  across  foreneck  and  along  flanks.  D.  m.  andrei  is  a  strongly 
marked  race,  and  Mr.  Todd  accords  it  even  specific  rank;  but,  as  pointed  out  by 
me  elsewhere  (1920,  p.  89),  its  characters  are  completely  bridged  by  individual 
variation. — C.  E.  H. 

b  The  male  from  La  Brea,  kindly  forwarded  for  my  inspection  by  Mr.  Beebe, 
proves  to  be  indistinguishable  from  Trinidad  examples. — C.  E.  H. 

0  Dysithamnus  mentalis  oberi:  Male  easily  distinguished  from  D.  m.  andrei  of 
Trinidad  and  the  Orinoco  delta,  by  having  the  back,  down  to  the  upper  tail  coverts, 
dull  (grayish)  olive  green  (instead  of  clear  slate  gray  slightly  tinged  with  olive  on 
rump  only),  the  breast  and  abdomen  light  sulphur  yellow  (instead  of  white),  and 
by  lacking  the  cinereous  tinge  on  sides  of  body.  Female  much  more  brownish  above 
and  with  the  under  parts,  posterior  to  throat,  varying  from  sulphur  to  maize  yellow 
(instead  of  white,  clouded  with  dingy  buff  on  foreneck  and  chest,  passing  into  buffy 
brown  along  flanks).  Besides,  D.  m.  oberi  averages  larger,  the  bill  especially  so. 
The  Tobago  race  is  more  closely  related  to  D,  m.  cumbreanus,  of  n.  Venezuela,  but 
besides  being  slightly  larger,  differs  in  the  male  sex  by  having  the  throat  and  fore- 
neck  more  purely  white  and  the  sides  of  the  chest  only  faintly  tinged  with  olive 
while  the  female  has  a  more  brownish  olive  back,  more  russet  wings  and  tail,  and 
somewhat  brighter  yellow  under  parts. 


u8  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dysithamnus  semicinereus  (not  of  SCLATER)  CORY,  Auk,  10,  1893,  p.  220  (Tobago; 
one  9 ;  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  DALMAS,  Mern.  Soc.  Zool.  France,  13,  1900, 
p.  141  (part;  Tobago,  one  9,  now  in  Tring  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Dysithamnus  andrei  (not  of  HELLMAYR)  TODD,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  33, 
1916,  p.  556  (part;  Tobago). 

Range:   Island  of  Tobago, 
i:   Tobago. 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  spodionotus  Salvin  and  Godman.*    RORAIMA 

BUSH  BIRD. 
Dysithamnus  spodionotus  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1883,  p.  211  (Roraima,  Brit. 

Guiana);  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1885,  p.  424  (Roraima);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 

15,  1890,  p.  222  (Roraima);  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  1917,  p.  132  ("Bar- 

tica");  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,   1921,  p.  21    (Roraima,  Makauria 

River). 
Dysithamnus  affinis  spodionotus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  32  (diagn. ; 

Roraima) ;  TODD,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35, 1916, p.  556  (crit. ;  Roraima). 
Dysithamnus  mentalis  spodionotus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 

P-  55.  57  (Roraima);  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  89 

(crit.). 

Range:  Roraima  Mountains,  British  Guiana. 

*Dysithamnus  mentalis  affinis  Pelzeln.   PELZELN'S  BUSH  BIRD. 

Dysithamnus  affinis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  80,  149  (Villa  Maria 
[  =  S.  Luis  de  Caceres],  w.  Matto  Grosso;  types  in  Vienna  Museum  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.);  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Ornith.,  53,  1905, 
p.  15  (crit.;  descr.  o",  9,  Matto  Grosso);  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12,  (2), 
1920,  p.  93  (Matto  Grosso). 

Dysithamnus  affinis  affinis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.3i  (diag.;  Villa 
Maria,  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso);  idem,  1.  c.,  15,  1908,  p.  69  (Faz.  Esperanca, 
Goyaz;  descr.  9);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  203 
(Villa  Maria,  Chapada);  TODD,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  1906,  p.  552 
(crit.;  Chapada,  San  Lorenzo  River,  Matto  Grosso). 

Adult  male,  wing  63^-66;  tail  42-45;  bill  15-16;  adult  female,  wing  60-64; 
tail  41-44;  bill  14^-15^. 

The  type,  an  adult  male  in  worn  breeding  plumage,  is  a  poor  faded  skin,  and  com- 
pared with  a  series  of  freshly  molted  specimens  taken  by  S.  M.  Klages,  in  December, 
1912,  at  Man  o'War  Bay,  Tobago,  looks  rather  different,  being  duller,  more  grayish 
above  and  paler  yellowish  below.  Still,  what  traces  remain  of  its  original  coloration, 
leave  no  doubt  as  to  its  being  referable  to  the  same  form.  A  worn  female,  also 
obtained  in  May,  is  likewise  much  more  grayish  above  than  December  examples, 
and  nearly  white  below.  Although  it  can  hardly  be  distinguished  in  color  from  certain 
females  of  D.  m.  and  rei,  a  faint  yellowish  tinge  on  the  under  parts  and  its  larger  bill 
render  its  identification  as  oberi  pretty  certain.  Fifteen  specimens  from  Tobago 
compared  with  forty -four  from  Trinidad. — C.  E.  H. 

*  Dysithamnus  mentalis  spodionotus  SALVIN  and  GODMAN:  While  the  male  is 
considerably  darker  both  above  and  below,  the  female  hardly  differs  from  that  of 
D,  m.  affinis  by  having  the  back  rather  darker,  more  brownish  and  the  pileum  of 
a  slightly  deeper  tone.— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  up 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  affinis  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,   1920, 

p.  90  (crit. ;  Matto  Grosso,  Goyaz)  . 
Dysithamnus  mentalis  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 

5,  1893,  p.  118  (Chapada,  Matto  Grosso). 
Dysithamnus  olivaceus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 

p.  222  (part;  Chapada);  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  25,  1902,  p.   129 

(Chapada;  crit.). 

Range:    Central  Brazil,  from  western  Matto  Grosso  (San  Lorenzo 
River,  San  Luis  de  Caceres)  east  to  southern  Goyaz. 
4:   Brazil  (Chapada,  Matto  Grosso). 

*Dysithamnus  mentalis  olivaceus  (Tschudi).*  ANDEAN  BUSH  BIRD. 

Thamnophilus  olivaceus  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10,  (i),  1844,  p.  278  (Peru., 
=  cf  juv.,  type  in  Mus.  Neuchatel  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Faun.  Peru, 
Aves,  1846,  p.  174,  pi.  n,  fig.  i  ("dstlich  der  Cordilleren,  unter  dem  10° 
S.  Breite"  [see  p.  175],  we  designate,  therefore,  Montana  de  Vitoc,  Dept. 
Junin  as  type  locality);  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Ornith.,  53, 
1905,  p.  14  (crit.  on  type). 

Dysithamnus  olivaceus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  541  (Bolivia;  descr. 
of  a  o*  in  Derby  Museum,  now  in  Free  Public  Museum,  Liverpool,  England, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.) ;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2, 1884,  p.  28  (ex  TSCHUDI)  ; 
BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  Sept.  1906,  p.  93  (Idma,  Santa  Ana), 
116  (Huaynapata) ;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922, 
p.  131  (Loma  Larga,  Santa  Marta  distr.). 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  olivaceus  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  Abt.  A,  Heft  10, 
1920,  p.  90  (crit.;  Bogota;  Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador;  Peru,  Bolivia) ;  idem,  Nov. 
Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  207  (Bolivia). 

Thamnophilus  mentalis  (not  TEMMINCK)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn. 
Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  1837,  p.  12  (Yungas,  Bolivia);  D'ORBIGNY, 
Voyage,  Ois.,  p.  177  (Yungas);  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10,  (i),  1844,  p.  278 
(Peru);  idem,  Faun.  Per.,  Aves,  1846.  p.  173  (175)  (Montanas  von  Moyo- 
bamba). 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  221  (part;  Peru, 
Bolivia);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1879,  p.  624  (Yungas;  ex  D'ORBIGNY). 

•  Having  before  me  more  than  one  hundred  specimens,  covering  the  entire 
range  from  the  Andes  east  of  Bogotd  down  to  the  Yungas  of  n.  Bolivia,  I  am  unable 
to  detect  constant  differences  peculiar  to  any  geographic  area,  although  there  surely 
is  a  wide  amount  of  individual  variation  in  both  sexes.  Yet  it  must  be  admitted 
that,  while  the  majority  are  not  distinguishable  from  Colombian  ones,  some  females 
from  Peru  and  Bolivia  have  more  buffy  yellow  on  the  abdomen  than  any  of  the  num- 
erous northern  specimens.  Two  adult  males  from  Bolivia  (Omeja,  resp.  Quebrada 
onda)  and  one  from  La  Gloria,  Peru,  by  the  coloration  of  the  upper  parts  and  by 
having  the  entire  abdomen,  below  the  olive  grayish  foreneck,  light  yellow,  closely 
approach  D.  m.  mentalis  of  se.  Brazil,  and  leave  no  doubt  as  to  the  subspecific  inter- 
relation of  the  two  forms.  Four  males  and  three  females  from  near  the  sources  of 
the  Magdalena  River  (San  Agustin,  La  Candela,  Andalucia),  except  in  averaging 
slightly  larger,  are  identical  with  a  series  from  the  e.  Colombian  Andes  (Bogotd 
region  and  Buena  Vista  above  Villavicencio).  Pending  further  material,  I  am  also 
inclined  to  refer  to  D.  m.  olivaceus,  provisionally  at  least,  two  females  from  El  Consuelo 
(above  Honda,  west  slope  of  e.  Andes)  which  F.  M.  Chapman  believed  to  pertain 


120  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dysithamnus  semicinereus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  June  1855,  p.  90,  pi.  97 
(—  d")  ("Bogota"),  147  (Bogota) ;  idem,  1.  c.,  1858,  p.  66  (Rio  Napo) ;  TACZAN- 
OWSKI,  1.  c.,  1874,  p.  530  (Amable  Maria,  Monterico,  Paltaypampa) ;  idem, 
1.  c.,  1879,  p.  232  (Tambillo);  idem,  1.  c.,  1882,  p.  30  (Cococho,  Huambo, 
Chirimoto);  idem,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  29  (Peruvian  localities);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  221  (part;  m-t,  Bogota;  c'-e',  Peru);  BER- 
LEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  381  (La  Gloria,  Garita  del 
Sol,  Junin);  TODD,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  1916,  p.  545  (part; 
Bogota,  La  Candela,  Andalucia,  Buena  Vista,  e.  Colombia;  Moyobamba, 
Peru;  Todos  Santos,  Rio  Surutu,  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  Rio  Yapacani, 
Bolivia);  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  1918,  p.  452  (Perico,  n.  Cajamarca, 
Peru). 

Dysithamnus  semicinereus  semicinereus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  370  (Buena  Vista,  e.  Andes;  La  Candela,  Andalucia,  head  of 
Magdalena  River). 

Dysithamnus  tambillanus  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  30  (Tambillo, 
n.  Cajamarca,  Peru;  two  of  the  original  examples  in  the  Berlepsch  Collection 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920, 
p.  91  (Tambillo;  crit.).» 

Dysithamnus  subplumbeus  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  TACZANOWSKI  and  BER- 
LEPSCH, P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  99  (Mapoto,  e.  Ecuador;  teste  Berlepsch  in 
litt.). 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  lateralis  TODD,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  1916, 
p.  540  (part;  Honda). 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  subsp.  CHAPMAN,  1.  c.,  36,  1917,  p.  371  (part;  two  9 
from  El  Consuelo,  above  Honda). 

Range :  Subtropical  zone  of  the  Andes  in  Bolivia,  Peru  and  eastern 
Ecuador;  eastern  Andes  and  east  slope  of  central  Andes  of  Colombia; 
according  to  W.  E.  C.  Todd,  also  in  the  Santa  Marta  district  (Loma 
Larga). 

17:  Peru  (Rio  Perene*  i,  Huachipa  9,  Vista  Alegre  4,  Chinchao  2, 
Moyobamba  i). 

to  an  undescribed  race,  while  W.  E.  C.  Todd  identified  them  as  D.  m.  cumbreanus. 
From  the  last  named  form,  both  specimens  differ,  however,  very  decidedly  by  their 
much  paler  under  parts  and  brighter  rufous  crown. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Since  writing  about  this  doubtful  form,  I  have  examined  in  the  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  another  couple  from  Zamora,  Prov.  de  Loja,  e.  Ecua- 
dor, which,  unquestionably,  must  be  referred  to  tambillanus.  On  the  lower  parts, 
the  male  is  an  exact  duplicate  of  the  topotype  from  Tambillo,  but  above  it  is  decidedly 
more  slaty  with  only  a  faint  olive  wash  on  the  rump,  and  hardly  distinguishable 
from  some  examples  of  D.  m.  extremus,  notably  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  108,087, 
San  Antonio,  w.  Andes.  The  female  resembles  that  from  Tambillo,  both  being  very 
similar  to  the  same  sex  of  extremus,  but  slightly  deeper  buffy  below,  with  hardly 
any  white  on  the  throat.  An  adult  male  from  Perico,  east  slope  of  w.  Andes  north  of 
Jaen,  that  is  to  say,  in  the  same  district  as  Tambillo,  does  not,  however,  bear  out  the 
characters  of  tambillanus.  On  the  contrary,  this  bird  has  the  throat  and  an  extensive 
area  in  the  middle  of  the  belly  white,  just  like  average  specimens  of  olivaceus  while 
on  the  upper  parts,  it  more  nearly  agrees  with  certain  males  of  extremus  from  the 
w.  Andes  of  Colombia.  For  the  present,  I  am,  therefore,  not  prepared  to  admit 
tambillanus  as  a  valid  race. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  121 

*Dysithamnus    mentalis    aequatorialis    Todd.*     WEST    ECUADORIAN 
BUSH  BIRD. 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  aequatorialis  TODD,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35, 
Aug.  1916,  p.  539  (Zaruma,  Prov.  del  Oro,  sw.  Ecuador);  HELLMAYR,  Arch. 
Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  93  (crit.). 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  (?)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  67  (Pallatanga). 
Dysithamnus  olivaceus  (?)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  89  (Nanegal). 

Dysithamnus  semicinereus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  278 
(Babahoyo);  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1883,  p.  564  (Chimbo); 
idem,  1.  c.,  1884,  p.  302  (Chimbo);  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  492 
(Chimbo);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899, 
p.  28  (Vinces,  Balzar,  Rio  Peripa,  Gualea);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  64 
("Pichincha"=Mindo;  specimen  in  Tring  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 
MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  geogr.  Mes.  Arc.  Mend.  Equat.,  9,  1911,  p.  B  32 
(Gualea);  TODD,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  1916,  p.  545  (part;  Bucay, 
Guayas;  Gualea;  Rio  Chanchan  and  Rio  Chiguancay  Junction;  Esmeraldas; 
Rio  de  Oro,  Chone,  Manavi;  Santa  Rosa,  Prov.  del  Oro). 

Range:  Western  Ecuador,  from  Esmeraldas  to  Santa  Rosa  and 
Zaruma,  Prov.  del  Oro. 

i:  Ecuador  (Chimbo  i). 

•  Dysithamnus  mentalis  aequatorialis  TODD:  Male  similar  to  D.  m.  septentrionalis 
and  of  about  the  same  size  or  somewhat  smaller,  but  throat  and  chest  generally 
more  purely  white,  less  clouded  with  grayish;  female  more  closely  resembling  D.  m. 
cumbreanus,  but  distinguishable  by  its  lighter,  more  olivaceous  (less  grayish)  back 
and  paler  rufous  crown. 

Although  widely  separated,  geographically,  by  the  very  different  races  D.  m.  extre- 
mus  and  D.  m.  suffusus  occupying  the  intervening  parts  of  Colombia  and  Panama, 
I  am  unable  to  present  a  more  satisfactory  diagnosis  for  distinguishing  D.  m.  aequa- 
torialis from  the  Central  American  D.  m.  septentrionalis,  owing  to  its  extreme  vari- 
ability. Two  males  from  Zaruma  (the  type  locality),  one  (out  of  two)  from  Puente 
de  Chimbo,  and  one  from  Rio  de  Oro,  Manavi,  have  the  throat  and  chest  nearly 
pure  white,  much  clearer  than  in  septentrionalis,  while  the  remainder  of  the  lower 
surface  is  about  the  same  light  yellow.  In  two  other  examples  from  Rio  de  Oro, 
the  anterior  under  parts  are  conspicuously  clouded  with  gray,  exactly  as  in  septen- 
trionalis, while  the  yellow  below  is  more  restricted  to  the  abdomen.  Two  males  from 
Esmeraldas,  with  still  less  yellow  underneath,  closely  resemble  certain  males  of  oliva- 
ceus, from  e.  Colombia,  but  are  considerably  smaller.  A  second  male  from  Chimbo 
and  one  from  Santa  Rosa,  Prov.  del  Oro,  are  even  darker,  having  the  foreneck  and 
chest  mainly  slaty  grayish,  the  middle  of  the  breast  white,  the  anal  region  very  pale 
yellowish,  and  the  flanks  faintly  washed  with  olive.  The  females,  too,  show  much 
individual  variation,  one  from  Santa  Rosa  being  particularly  noticeable  on  account 
of  its  deep  coloration  below,  almost  matching  some  light  colored  examples  of 
D.  m.  suffusus. 

After  closely  studying  twenty-five  birds  from  w.  Ecuador,  we  cannot  at  all  fol- 
low Mr.  Todd  in  separating,  specifically,  the  Zaruma  specimens  from  the  rest  of  the 
series.  In  our  opinion,  all  pertain  to  a  single  form,  variable  in  its  characters  like 
the  other  races  of  the  group.  All  birds  from  w.  Ecuador  agree  among  themselves  in 
their  relatively  small  size,  as  compared  to  D.  m.  olivaceus  of  e.  Colombia,  Peru, 
and  n.  Bolivia.  The  length  of  the  wing  generally  varies  between  56  and  60,  attain- 
ing 6 1  in  two  cases,  and  62  only  once.— C.  E.  H. 


122  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dysithamnus   mentalis   extremus    Todd.*    WEST   COLOMBIAN   BUSH 
BIRD. 

Dysithamnus  extremus  TODD,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  Aug.  1916,  p.  549 
(Salencio,  e.  slope  of  w.  Andes,  Colombia). 

Dysithamnus  semicinereus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  p.  525  (Concordia,  Antioquia). 

Dysithamnus  semicinereus  extremus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  370  (Salencio,  Rio  Frio,  west  of  Cartago,  e.  slope  of  w.  Andes; 
Las  Lomitas,  San  Antonio,  w.  slope  of  w.  Andes;  Miraflores  (east  of  Pal- 
mira) and  Salento,  w.  slope  of  c.  Andes,  Colombia). 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  extremus  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  8$,  A,  Heft  10, 
1920,  p.  93  (crit.;  Primavera,  S.  Isidro,  Pueblo  Rico,  w.  Andes). 

Range :  Western  Andes  and  west  slope  of  central  Andes  of  Colombia. 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  suffusus  Nelson.b  PANAMA  BUSH  BIRD. 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  suffusus  NELSON,  Smithson.  Misc.  Coll.,  60,  No.  13, 
1912,  p.  10  (Mount  Pirri,  e.  Panama);  TODD,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
35,  1916,  p.  542  (Mt.  Pirri,  Tacarcuna,  e.  slope  of  Mt.  Tacarcuna,  e.  Pan- 
ama; crit.). 

•  Dysithamnus  mentalis  extremus  TODD  :  Male  differs  from  D.  m.  olivaceus  in  having 
the  dorsal  surface  from  the  forehead  to  the  upper  tail  coverts,  including  the  edges 
of  the  remiges  and  rectrices  uniform  slate  gray  with  only,  sometimes,  a  slight  olive 
wash  on  the  lower  rump;  in  the  olivaceous  suffusion  on  the  flanks  being  either  wholly 
absent  or  but  slightly  indicated;  finally  by  the  whitish  instead  of  pale  yellow  under 
tail  coverts.1  The  female  may  be  recognized  by  the  darker  buff y  olive  or  buffy  brownish 
color  on  foreneck,  chest  and  sides,  nearly  pure  white  (instead  of  pale  yellow)  abdom- 
inal area,  and  buffy  (instead  of  light  yellow)  under  tail  coverts. 

Thanks  to  the  courtesy  of  Dr.  F.  M.  Chapman,  I  have  had  an  opportunity  of 
inspecting  the  entire  series  which  formed  the  basis  of  his  own  and  Mr.  W.  E.  C.  Todd's 
accounts  in  their  respective  papers  quoted  above.  Birds  from  the  western  and 
eastern  slopes  of  the  w.  Andes  show  the  racial  characters  of  extremus  quite  well 
marked  in  both  sexes,  though  one  or  two  males  from  Peru  run  very  close,  differing 
only  by  their  more  greenish  edges  to  the  wing  and  tail  feathers.  Seven  specimens  from 
the  western  slope  of  the  c.  Andes  (Salento;  Miraflores,  east  of  Palmira)  are  inter- 
grades  between  extremus  and  olivaceus.  One  male  (Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  1 1 1,884 
Salento)  and  two  females  (Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  111,885  Salento,  108,918,  east 
of  Palmira)  are  exact  duplicates  of  extremus,  the  male  lacking  every  trace  of  olive 
in  its  plumage,  while  the  females  exhibit  the  characteristic  buffy  coloration  of  the 
under  parts  without  any  yellow  on  the  abdomen.  Three  males  and  one  female 
from  Miraflores  (Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  108,915-17,  io8,9i9-bis),  however, 
cannot  be  separated  from  the  average  type  of  olivaceus,  as  represented  by  specimens 
from  La  Candela  and  Villavicencio. 

Mr.  Todd's  assumption  that  these  green  backed  males  with  pale  yellow  anal  region 
are  "immature"  is  clearly  disproved  by  the  coloration  of  their  wings  (see  my  remarks 
about  the  sequence  of  plumages  and  molt  of  the  D.  m.  mentalis  group  in  Arch. 
Naturg.,  8$,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  86-87).  The  fact  is  this:  Birds  from  the  western  slope  of 
the  c,  Andes,  by  their  great  individual  variation,  form  the  transition  to  olivaceus, 
and  in  referring  them  to  the  western  rather  than  the  eastern  race,  I  have  been  led 
by  the  consideration  that  specimens  of  the  extremus  type  are  apparently  never 
found  in  the  Magdalena  Valley  or  on  the  slopes  of  the  e.  Andes  of  Colombia. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Dysithamnus  mentalis  suffusus  NELSON:  Similar  to  D.  m.  septentrionalis,  but 
male  more  deeply  colored  below  with  the  yellow  extending  well  up  to  the  chest,  and 
the  flanks  darker,  brownish  rather  than  greenish  olive;  female  with  darker,  more 
brownish  olive  chest  and  sides  of  body.  Ten  specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  123 

Dysithamnus  semicinereus  TODD,  1.  c.,  p.  545,  549  (part;  La  Frijolera,  lower 

Cauca)." 
Dysithamnus  mentalis  subsp.  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917, 

p.  371  (part;  La  Frijolera).' 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Mt.  Pirri,  Tacarcuna),  extending  east, 
apparently,  to  the  lower  Cauca  (La  Frijolera)  in  northern  Colombia." 

*Dysithamnus  mentalis  septentrionalis  Ridgway.    NORTHERN  BUSH 

BIRD. 

Dysithamnus  mentalis  septentrionalis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  ax, 
1908,  p.  193  (Choctura,  Vera  Paz,  Guatemala);  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  5,  1911,  p.  55  (monogr. ;  excl.  South  American  references  and  localities); 
TODD,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  1916,  p.  542  (monogr.,  synon.; 
Guatemala  to  Panama). 

Dysithamnus  semicinereus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  221  (part;  spec,  a-k,  Guatemala,  Costa  Rica,  Veragua). 

Range:  Guatemala;  Costa  Rica;  western  Panama  (Chiriqui,  Vera- 
gua, Cana). 

7 :  Costa  Rica  (Guayabo  5 ;  head  of  Rio  Platanar  i) ;  Veragua  i. 

Dysithamnus  puncticeps  puncticeps  Salvin.    SPOTTED-CROWNED  BUSH 
BIRD. 

Dysithamnus  puncticeps  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  72  (Santiago  de  Vera- 
gua, w.  Panama;  types  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem, 
1.  c.,  1867,  p.  144  (same  locality);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  223  (Veragua);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  a, 
1892,  p.  207,  pi.  50,  fig.  2,  3  (Veragua);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  No.  50, 
Part  5,  1911,  p.  58  (Santiago  de  Veragua;  San  Jos6,  Pacuare,  Rio  Sicsola, 
Costa  Rica). 

Dysithamnus  puncticeps  puncticeps  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
I9I7.  P-  372  (Baudo,  La  Vieja,  Novita,  Choc6;  Alto  Bonito,  Rio  Sucio; 
Puerto  Valdivia,  lower  Cauca);  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  65,  No.  6,  1922,  p.  206  (Mt.  Sapo,  Darien). 

Range:  Costa  Ricab;  Panama  (Veragua,  Darien),  ranging  south  to 
western  Colombia  (valleys  of  the  Atrato  and  San  Juan  rivers;  Puerto 
Valdivia,  on  the  lower  Cauca0). 

•  The  couple  from  La  Frijolera  referred  by  W.  E.  C.  Todd  to  D.  semicinereus 
(  =  D,  m.  olivaceus)  and  by  F.  M.  Chapman  to  a  supposedly  undescribed  race,  is 
now  before  me.   The  male  differs  indeed,  very  markedly,  from  olivaceus  of  e.  Col- 
ombia, by  the  brighter  yellow  color  of  the  abdomen  being  extended  over  the  posterior 
portion  of  the  breast,  but  I  am  unable  to  separate  it  from  the  lightest  example  of 
su/usus  (Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  135,638,  eastern  slope  of  Mt.  Tacaicuna), 
while  the  female  appears  to  me  indistinguishable  from  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  No. 
1351623,  Tacarcuna.   For  the  present,  I  see  no  reason  why  the  birds  found  on  the 
lower  Cauca  should  not  be  assigned  to  suffusus,  although  I  admit  that  the  examination 
of  additional  material  is  desirable — -C.  E.  H. 

b  According  to  R.  Ridgway.   No  specimens  from  Costa  Rica  seen  by  C.  E.  H. 

•  According  to  F.  M.  Chapman,  Colombian  specimens  are  more  or  less  inter- 
mediate to  D.  p.  flemmingi,  but  as  a  whole,  nearer  the  typical  race. 


124  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dysithamnus   puncticeps   flemmingi    Hartert.*     SOUTHERN  SPOTTED- 
CROWNED  BUSH  BIRD. 

Dysithamnus  flemmingi  HARTERT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.f  n,  Dec.  1900,  p.  38  (Rio 
Verde,  Cachyjacu,  Lita,  Cachavi,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador;  type  from 
Rio  Verde  in  Tring  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
1902,  p.  6n  (Rio  Verde,  Ventana,  Bulun,  Lita,  Cachyjacu);  MENEGAUX, 
Miss.  Serv.  gebgr.  Mes.  Arc.  Merid.  Equat.,  9,  1911,  p.  B  32  (Santo  Domingo, 
w.  Ecuador;  specimens  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Dysithamnus  puncticeps  flemmingi  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36. 
1917,  p.  372  (Barbacoas,  sw.  Colombia). 

Dysithamnus  spec.  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  492  (Cachavi,  nw.  Ecua- 
dor; 9  in  Tring  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Southwestern  Colombia  (Barbacoas)  and  western  Ecuador 
(from  Esmeraldas  south  to  Santo  Domingo). 

*Dysithamnus    striaticeps     Lawrence*     STREAKED-CROWNED    BUSH 
BIRD. 

Dysithamnus  striaticeps  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.f  8,  1867,  p.  130 
(Angostura,  Costa  Rica);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  223 
("Valza"  =  La  Balsa,  Costa  Rica);  SAL VIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ., 
Aves,  a,  1892,  p.  208  (Costa  Rica);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910, 
p.  606  (Costa  Rica;  habits,  nest  and  eggs);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  5,  1911,  p.  59  (Costa  Rica). 

Range:  Caribbean  foothills  of  Costa  Rica, 
i:  Costa  Rica  (Siguirres). 

Dysithamnus    xanthopterus    (Burmeister).*     RUFOUS-BACKED    BUSH 
BIRD. 

Dasythamnus  xanthopterus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tlbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  81 
(Novo  Friburgo,  Rio  de  Janeiro;  descr.  9,  type  in  Halle  Museum  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.). 

•  Dysithamnus  puncticeps  flemmingi  HARTERT:  Male  differs  from  D.  p.  puncticeps 
by  lacking  the  white  spots  on  the  upper  part  of  the  head,  the  crown  being  slate 
gray,  more  or  less  streaked  with  black;  by  having  the  back  and  edges  to  the  wings 
conspicuously  tinged  with  olive;  and  by  the  chest  being  gray  (instead  of  white), 
with  narrower,  less  strongly  denned  dark  shaft  stripes.  Wing,  58-59;  tail,  37-38. 
Female  distinguishable  by  the  much  smaller  buff  apical  spots  to  the  upper  wing 
coverts  and  by  the  dusky  stripes  on  the  foreneck  being  barely  apparent.  Wing  57-59 ; 
tail  35-40.  Nine  specimens  of  both  sexes  from  Ecuador  compared  with  three  from 
Veragua,  including  the  types. — C.  E.  H. 

b  I  was  inclined  to  consider  this  "species"  a  geographical  representative  of  the 
preceding,  but  according  to  R.  Ridgway,  D.  striaticeps  and  D.  p.  puncticeps  are 
found  together  in  certain  localities  of  Costa  Rica,  e,  g.  on  the  Rio  Sicsola. — C.  E.  H. 

0  This  rare  species  is  hardly  congeneric  with  D.  stictothorax  and  D.  mentalis. 
In  addition  to  its  aberrant  style  of  coloration,  it  differs  by  a  stronger  bill  and  pro- 
portionately much  longer  tail,  nearly  equal  to  length  of  wing.  I  have  examined  the 
type  (female)  at  Halle  and  an  adult  male  from  Rio  in  the  Tring  Museum. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  125 

Dysithamnus  xanthopterus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  1857,  P-  132  (descr. 
o",  9;  se.  Brazil);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  222  (same);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  223  (se.  Brazil);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  1900,  p.  158 
(Novo  Friburgo);  idem,  1.  c.,  5,  1902,  p.  275  (Alto  da  Serra,  S.  Paulo);  idem, 
Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  x,  1907,  p.  203  (same  locality). 

Range :  Southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Novo  Fri- 
burgo) and  Sao  Paulo  (Alto  da  Serra). 

*Dysithamnus   ardesiacusft   ardesiacus  Sclater  and  Salving    GRAY- 
THROATED  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Dysithamnus  ardesiacus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  756  (new 
name  for  D.  schistaceus  SCLATER  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY),  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26, 
1858,  p.  66:  Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador);  idem,  1.  c.,  p.  750  (Chyavetas,  n.  Peru; 
i  9);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  274  (Chyavetas,  Chamicuros,  n.  Peru);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  225  (part;  spec,  o,  Chyavetas,  p-t,  Rio  Napo); 
SALVA»>ORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  P-  29  (Rio 
Santiago,  e.  Ecuador;  specimen  examined);  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i, 
^o?.  P'  4*4  (range  excl.  Guyana);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914, 
p.  277  (part;  Amazonia,  Ecuador). 

Dysithamnus  ardesiacus  ardesiacus  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Gesells.  Wien, 
53f  i9<>3.  P-  215,  216  (crit.;  diag.  cf,  ex  Yurimaguas;  e.  Ecuador,  ne.  Peru); 
idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  63  (Teffg,  Rio  Solimoes);  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  373  (La  Morelia,  Florencia,  se.  Col- 
ombia; specimens  examined). 

Thamnophilus  shistaceus  (sic)  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool., 
7,  1844,  p.  83  ("Bogota";  diag.  o"). 

Thamnophilus  schistaceus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  148  ("Bogota"; 
ex  LAFRESNAYE). 

Hypocnemis  melanopogon  (errore)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou,  2, 1884,  p.  70  (part; 
descr.  d",  9  et  hab.  Yurimaguas;  one  d"1,  marked  by  Taczanowski,  in  the 
Berlepsch  Collection  examined). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  southeastern  Colombia  (Caquetd 
district;  Cuembi,  Rio  Putumayo)  through  eastern  Ecuador  south  to 

•  This  species  referred  to  either  Dysithamnus  or  Thamnophilus  appears  to  deserve 
generic  separation  by  reason  of  several  structural  characters.  Certainly  out  of  place 
in  the  genus  Thamnophilus,  it  is  here,  provisionally,  assigned  to  Dysithamnus. 

b  Dysithamnus  ardesiacus  ardesiacus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Interscapular  feathers 
without  any,  or  with  very  little  white,  at  the  extreme  base;  throat  (in  adult  male) 
either  plumbeous,  like  the  rest  of  the  under  parts,  or  the  black  confined  to  the  base, 
more  or  less  concealed  by  the  slate  gray  apical  portions  of  the  feathers.  Wing  (i  i  o"  d", 
999),  70-74;  tail  47-53;  bill  16-17. 

Eight  specimens  from  Puerto  Bermudez,  one  male  each  from  Cuembi  (se.  Col- 
ombia) and  Yurimaguas,  and  a  pair  from  Teff6,  show  no  trace  of  white  on  theback, 
while  another  male  from  Teff 6,  four  skins  from  the  Caquetd  region  (se.  Colo  mbia) 
and  one  male  from  Rio  Santiago,  e.  Ecuador,  have  a  small  white  interscapular  patch 
like  D.  a.  obidensis.  The  color  of  the  throat  varies  in  males  from  the  same  locality, 
but  is  never  solidly  black  as  in  obidensis. — C.  E.  H. 


126  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

northern  and  central  Peru  (Yurimaguas,  Chyavetas,  Chamicuros; 
Puerto  Bermudez,  Rio  Pichis),  and  northwestern  Brazil  (Teffe",  Rio 
Solimoes). 

8:   Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez,  Rio  Pichis). 

*Dysithamnus    ardesiacus    saturninus    (Pelzeln).*   SATURNINE    ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Thamnophilus  saturninus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  77,  147  (part; 
types  from  Borba,  Rio  Madeira,  as  designated  by  Hellmayr,  Verb.  Zool. 
Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  1903,  p.  216,  in  text;  types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Dysithamnus  ardesiacus  saturninus  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53, 
i9O3i  P-  2I5i  216  (crit.;  part,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  14, 
1907.  P-  371  (part;  Borba);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  343  (Calama,  Allianca, 
Rio  Madeira;  Maroins,  Rio  Machados);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6, 
i9°5»  P-  439  (Rio  Jurud;  spec,  in  Museu  Paulista  examined);  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  277  (Villa  Braga,  Boim,  R.  Tapajoz). 

Dysithamnus  ardesiacus  suturninus  (sic)  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907, 
p.  203  (part;  Borba,  Rio  Jurud). 

(?)  Dysithamnus  ardesiacus  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  225  (part;  spec,  k-n,  Iquitos). 

(?)  Cercomacra  huallagae  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Publ.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  Aug. 
1916,  p.  338  (Lagunas,  lower  Huallaga,  n.  Peru). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  on  the  Jurud  and  Rio  Madeira,  east  to  the 
left  bank  of  the  Tapajoz  (Boim,  Villa  Braga) ;  ( ?)  northeastern  Peru 
(Nauta  and  Iquitos,  R.  Maranon;  Lagunas,  lower  Huallaga.) 

2:   Peru  (Lagunas,  types  of  C.  huallagae). 

Dysithamnus    ardesiacus    obidensis    Snethlage.b     NORTHERN    SLATY 

ANT  SHRIKE. 

Dysithamnus  ardesiacus  obidensis  SNETHLAGE,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  22,  1914, 
p.  40  (Obidos,  north  bank  of  lower  Amazon,  n.  Brazil). 

•  Dysithamnus  ardesiacus  saturninus  (PELZELN)  :  Differs  from  typical  ardesiacus 
by  the  possession  of  a  large  white  interscapular  patch,  and  by  the  male  having  the 
entire  throat  and  middle  of  foreneck  solidly  deep  black,  forming  a  large  gular  area 
in  strong  contrast  to  the  plumbeous  of  the  abdomen;  female  with  wing  coverts  and 
outer  webs  of  remiges  much  more  russet  brown.  Size  larger.  Wing  (two  o"  d*  ad.) 
75-80,  (four  9  9  ad.)  73-79;  tail  58-63;  bill  17-19.  Ten  specimens  from  the  Rio 
Madeira  (including  four  from  the  type  locality)  and  two  from  the  Rio  Jurud  are 
readily  distinguishable  from  ardesiacus  by  the  large  white  interscapular  patch,  their 
larger  size,  the  deep  black  color  of  the  throat  in  the  males,  and  the  brighter,  more  russet 
wings  of  the  females.  The  types  of  Cercomacra  huallagae  as  well  as  a  couple  (the  male 
not  quite  adult)  from  Nauta,  R.  Maranon  (Berlepsch  Collection),  agree  in  every 
respect  with  those  from  the  Rio  Madeira,  and  are  very  different  from  ardesiacus 
which  we  would  have  expected  to  find  in  ne.  Peru!  Unless  they  represent  the  extreme 
of  individual  variation  in  ardesiacus,  I  am  unable  to  explain  this  singular  distribu- 
tion, the  area  occupied  by  saturninus  in  n.  Peru  being  surrounded  by  ardesiacus 
and  entirely  cut  off  from  the  Jurua  and  Madeira  region!— C.  E.  H. 

b  Dysithamnus  ardesiacus  obidensis  SNETHLAGE:  Resembles  D.  a.  ardesiacus  in 
having  very  little  or  no  white  at  all  at  the  base  of  the  interscapular  feathers;  but  the 
throat  (and  middle  of  the  foreneck)  in  the  male  is  solidly  black,  forming  a  large 


1 924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  127 

Thamnophilus  saturninus  (not  of  PELZELN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  77, 
147  (part;  Serra  Carauman,  Rio  Branco;  Cayenne;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined). 

Dysithamnus  ardesiacus  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  424 
(Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Merum6  Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  225  (part;  descr.  d",  9  et  spec,  a-j,  Camacusa, 
Bartica,  Merume,  R.  Takutu,  Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana;  Oyapoc);  BERLEPSCH 
and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  71  (Suapure,  La  Pricion,  Nicare, 
La  Union,  Caura  R.);  PENARD,  Vog.  Guyana,  2,  1910,  p.  308  (Surinam; 
descr.  eggs). 

Dysithamnus  ardesiacus  saturninus  (not  of  PELZELN)  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool. 
Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  1903,  p.  216  (part;  Serra  Carauman,  Rio  Branco;  Cay- 
enne, Brit.  Guiana;  Caura  River,  Venez.);  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i, 
I9°7.  P-  203  (part;  Rio  Branco,  Cayenne,  Venezuela);  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  371  (part;  Caura  River;  Cayenne;  Brit.  Guiana;  Serra 
Carauman,  Rio  Branco);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  153  (Ipousin, 
Rio  Approuague;  Cayenne,  Oyapoc);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  62,  1918,  p.  67  (Lelydorp,  Surinam);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst., 
Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  280  (Caura  R.);  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  1917,  p.  132 
(Bartica). 

Dysithamnus  saturninus  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  23  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Dysithamnus  ardesiacus  consp.  nov.  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914, 
p.  278  (Obidos;  St.  Antonio  do  Cachoeira,  Rio  Jary). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  north  of  the  Amazon  (Rio  Jary,  Obidos, 
Rio  Branco);  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  eastern  Venezuela 
(Rio  Yuruan  and  Caura  River). 

Dysithamnus  plumbeusa  plumbeus  (Wied).b  PLUMBEOUS  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Myiothera  plumbea  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1080  (se.  Brazil, 
no  locality  specified;  descr.  o71). 

Dysithamnus  plumbeus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  222  (se.  Brazil; 
descr.  o");  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  178  (part;  spec,  a,  b, 
Brazil  (  =  "Rio"  skins),  examined  in  Brit.  Mus.);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  226  (part;  spec,  a,  b  "Brazil"  =  Rio) ;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 

gular  patch,  and  the  dimensions  are  less,  especially  the  tail  decidedly  shorter. 
Wing  (21  o"o")  71-74,  rarely  75-76,  (n  9  9)  69-74;  tail  48-54;  bill  16-18.  Exam- 
ined: i  Rio  Branco,  18  French  Guiana,  5  British  Guiana,  19  Caura  River,  3  Rio 
Yuruan,  Venezuela. — C.  E.  H. 

•  The  Dysithamnus  plumbeus  group  appears  to  be  congeneric  with  D.  ardesiacus, 
being  very  similar  in  proportions,  shape  of  bill,  and  general  style  of  coloration  in  the 
male  sex,  which  differs  principally  by  having  the  campterium  and  distinct  apical 
margins  to  the  upper  wing  coverts  white.  The  females  are,  however,  of  very  different 
coloration. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Dysithamnus  plumbeus  plumbeus  (WiEo) :  The  female  of  this  exceedingly  rare 
form  is  dull  brownish  olive  above;  a  broad  stripe  along  campterium  white;  lesser 
upper  wing  coverts  with  very  distinct  pure  white,  the  remaining  ones  with  narrower, 
dingy  white  apical  margins;  sides  of  head  olive  gray  streaked  with  whitish;  throat 
dull  white;  rest  of  under  parts  brownish  gray,  paler  in  the  middle,  more  buffy  brown 
on  flanks.  Wing  (four  o*  o")  73-77,  (two  9  9)7iX;  tail  45-50;  bill  16-17. — C.  E.  H. 


iz8  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  250  (note  on  type  in  American  Museum);  HARTERT, 
Kat.  Vogels.  Senckenberg.  Mus.  Frankfurt,  1892,  p.  in,  note  201  (Brazil; 
descr.  9  ad.,  spec,  examined);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  j, 
I9°7.  P-  203  (part;  Bahia,  Porto  Cachoeiro,  Espirito  Santo). 
Dysithamnus  plumbeus  plumbeus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78, 
A,  Heft  5,  Sept.  1912,  p.  124  (diag.  d",  9 ;  range);  HELLMAYR,  Verhandl. 
Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  No.  2,  Feb.  1915,  p.  146  (Porto  Cachoeiro,  Esp.  Santo; 
descr.  9  ;  Bahia,  Rio,  Esp.  Santo). 

Range :  Wood  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Bahia  to  Espirito 
Santo  and  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Dysithamnus  plumbeus  tucuyensis  Hartert.*  VENEZUELAN  ANT  SHRIKE. 

Dysithamnus  tucuyensis  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  i,  1894,  p.  674,  pi.  15,  fig.  i 

(Bucarito,  near  Tocuyo,  nw.  Venezuela;  type  [=  d"  imm.]  in  Tring  Museum 

examined). 
Dysithamnus  plumbeus  (not  of  WIED)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 

p.  226  (part;  spec,  d,  San  Esteban,  Venezuela,  examined  in  Brit.  Mus.). 
Dysithamnus  plumbeus  tucuyensis  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78, 

A,  Heft  5,  Sept.  1912,  p.  122  (Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo;  crit. ;  descr.  9  )f 

124  (range). 

Range:  Northwestern  Venezuela,  coast  ranges  in  Dept.  Federal 
Occidental  (Cerro  del  Avila,  Silla  de  Caracas)  and  State  of  Carabobo 
(Cumbre  de  Valencia),  and  mountains  near  Bucarito  (Tocuyo),  State 
of  Lara. 

Dysithamnus   plumbeus   leucostictus   Sclater.     WHITE-SPOTTED   ANT 
SHRIKE. 

Dysithamnus  leucostictus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  66,  223,  pi.  140 
(Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador;  descr.  9  ad.);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862, 
p.  177  (Rio  Napo);  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond,,  1885, 
p.  99  (Machay,  e.  Ecuador;  descr.  cT);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  224  (Rio  Napo;  descr.  9);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  64  (Baeza, 
e.  Ecuador;  spec,  examined);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
I917»  P-  372  (Buena  Vista,  se.  Colombia). 

Dysithamnus  plumbeus  leucostictus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78, 
A,  Heft  5,  1912,  p.  123,  124  (El  Topo,  Rio  Pastaza;  Machay,  Baeza,  e.  Ecua- 
dor; crit.). 

Range:  Southeastern  Colombia  (Buena  Vista)  and  eastern  Ecua- 
dor (Rio  Napo,  Rio  Pastaza,  Baeza,  Machay,  Rio  Zamora). 

•  Dysithamnus  plumbeus  tucuyensis  HARTERT:  Male  hardly  differing  from  plumbeus 
by  slightly  smaller  size,  slenderer  bill,  and  by  having  narrow  white  apical  margins 
to  the  lateral  tail  feathers;  female  closely  resembling  that  of  D.  p.  leucostictus,  but 
crown  lighter  cinnamon  rufous,  back  and  wings  paler  as  well  as  more  olivaceous, 
edges  to  feathers  of  throat  and  fpreneck  ashy  or  slate  gray  (instead  of  blackish),  and 
under  tail  coverts  brownish  (instead  of  gray).  Wing  (six  o"  o")  69-73,  (eleven 
9  9)  67-72:  tail  (c?)  49-52,  (9)  46-50;  bill  16-17.— C  -E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  129 

Genus  THAMNOMANES  Cabanis. 

Thamnomanes  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  230  (type  by  subs,  desig., 
Gray,  1855,  Muscicapa  caesia  "LICHTENSTEIN")- 

Thamnomanes  caesius  caesius  (Temminck).   SLATY  BUSH  BIRD. 

Muscicapa  caesia  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  3,  Oct.  1820,  pi.  17,  fig.  i  (o*), 

2(9)  (based  on  specimens  obtained  by  Prince  Wied-Neuwied  in  e.  Brazil, 

viz.  Prov.  Bahia;  see  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  250); 

WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  826  (Iritiba  River,  Villa  Nova  de 

Benevente,  State  of  Espirito  Santo;  Sertao  of  Bahia). 
Lanius  caesius  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  46  (descr. 

d",   9  ;  hab.  part;  Brazil). 
Thamnomanes  caesius  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  223  (part;  se.  Brazil; 

descr.  d",  9);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  178  (Brazil);  PELZELN, 

Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  80  (part;  spec,  collected  by  Kammerlacher  [in  Prov. 

Bahia],  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2, 

1889,  p.  250  (type  in  American  Museum,  from  Prov.  Bahia);  SCLATER,  Cat. 

B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  227  (Bahia);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun. 

Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  204  (part;  Macah6,  state  Rio  de  Janeiro;  Rio  Doce,  Esp. 

Santo). 
Thamnomanes  caesius  caesius  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.   368   (part; 

Bahia,  Espirito  Santo);  idem,  1.  c.,  14,  1907,  p.  64  (diagn.;  Bahia;  Rio  Iritiba 

and  Villa  Nova  de  Benevente,  Esp.  Santo). 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Bahia  to  Espirito 
Santo  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Macahe"). 

*Thamnomanes  caesius  hoffmannsi  Hellmayr.*    HOFFMANNS'S  SLATY 
BUSH  BIRD. 

Thamnomanes  caesius  hoffmannsi  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  B.O.Club,  16, 1906,  p.  53  (San 
Antonio  do  Prata.e.  of  Para)  :idem,l.  c.,  13, 1906^.367  (S.Antonio)  ;SNETHLAGE, 
Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  284  (Pard,  S.  Antonio,  Rio  Capim,  Rio  Guama); 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  65  (diag.;  Pard  district);  JHERING  and 
JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  204  (Igarape-Assu,  Para) ;  SNETHLAGE, 
Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  531  (Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins);  HELLMAYR, 
Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  44  (Peixe- 
Boi,  Ipitinga),  92  (Para,  Igarap6-Assu,  San  Antonio,  Peixe-Boi,  Guama, 
Capim);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  278  (Para,  Mocajatuba, 
Providencia,  Ananindeuba,  Apehu,  S.  Isabel,  Peixe-Boi,  S.  Antonio;  R.  Guamd 
(Santa  Maria  do  S.  Miguel);  R.  Capim  (Resacca);  Arumatheua,  Cametd, 
Baiao,  Rio  Tocantins). 

Thamnomanes  hoffmannsi  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  61,  1913,  p.  509  (right  bank 
of  Xingu). 

•  Thamnomanes  caesius  hoffmannsi  HELLMAYR:  Male  agreeing  with  T.  c.  caesius 
in  absence  of  white  interscapular  blotch,  but  general  coloration  much  lighter,  clear 
plumbeous;  throat  variegated  with  white,  auriculars  narrowly  streaked  with  the 
same;  edge  of  wing,  axillaries  and  under  wing  coverts  white.  Female  exactly  like 
that  of  T.  c.  caesius,  having  a  large  semi-concealed  white  interscapular  blotch. 
Wing  (cf)  69-71,  (9)  67-72;  tail  (<f)  60-63,  (9)  60-65;  bill  16-17.— C.  E.  H. 


130  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnomanes  caesius  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  HELLMAYR,   Nov.  Zool.,   12,   1905, 

p.  285  (Igarapd-Assu;  descr.  9). 
Thamnomanes  glaucus  (not  of  CABANIS)  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907, 

p.  284  (two  9  9  from  Para  and  Rio  Guama  in  Goeldi  Museum  examined  by 

C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  Para  district,  ranging  westward  to  the 
right  bank  of  the  Rio  Xingu  (fide  Snethlage)  •,  and  adjoining  parts  of 
Maranhao. 

5:  Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  5). 

Thamnomanes  caesius  persimilis  Hellmayr.b  AMAZONIAN  SLATY  BUSH 
BIRD. 

Thamnomanes  caesius  persimilis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  64,  65 
(Tefi€,  Rio  SolimoSs,  nw.  Brazil) ;  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz. , 
i,  1907,  p.  414  (Teff6);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  371  (Humaytha, 
Rio  Madeira;  Rio  Jurud);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  343  (Calama,  Maroins, 
Rio  Machados;  Salto  do  Girao,  R.  Madeira;  Rio  Jurud;  range  excl.  Tocan- 
tins);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  279  (Victoria,  Rio  Xingu; 
Santarem,  Boim,  Villa  Braga,  Bella  Vista,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  Santa  Elena,  Rio 
Jamauchim). 

Thamnomanes  caesius  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  80 
(part;  Salto  do  Girao,  Rio  Madeira;  o"  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  JHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  440  (Rio  Jurua;  o*  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 
idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  204  (part;  Rio  Jurud). 

Thamnomanes  caesius  caesius  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.  13,  1906,  p.  368  (part ; 
Salto  do  Girao,  Rio  Madeira;  Rio  Jurud). 

Thamnomanes  caesius  glaucus  (not  of  CABANIS)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14, 
1907,  p.  17  (one  9  ;  Itaituba,  R.  Tapaj6z). 

Thamnomanes  caesius  ho/mannsi  (not  of  HELLMAYR)  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith., 
56,  1908,  p.  510  (Bella  Vista,  Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z). 

Thamnomanes  persimilis  SNETHLAGE,  1.  c.,  61,  1913,  p.  509  (left  bank  of  the 
Xingu  River). 

Range:  Western  and  northern  Brazil,  from  the  Rio  Solimoes  (Teffe") 
and  the  Rio  Jurud  south  to  the  Rio  Madeira  and  its  affluent,  the  Rio 
Machados,  east  to  the  left  bank  of  the  Rio  Xingu.0 

•  No  specimens  from  the  Rio  Xingu  examined  by  me.  Birds  from  the  Rio  Tocan- 
tins  are  identical  with  Pard  examples.  Their  identification  by  Miss  Snethlage,  as 
recorded  in  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  344  in  text,  thus  requires  correction. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Thamnomanes  caesius  persimilis  HELLMAYR:  Male  much  like  T.  c.  hoffmannsi, 
but  somewhat  darker  plumbeous  (though  much  lighter,  less  slaty  than  T.  c.  caesius), 
the  auriculars  without  white  streaks,  edge  of  wing  slate  gray,  and  throat  not  mottled 
with  whitish.  Female  at  once  distinguishable  from  caesius  and  hoffmannsi  by  having 
the  breast  and  abdomen  much  deeper  tawny  or  ferruginous,  throat  and  foreneck 
alone  being  pale  brownish  mixed  with  buff.  It  closely  resembles  the  female  of  T.  c. 
glaucus,  from  which  it  only  differs  by  the  deeper  buff  mottling  of  the  throat.  Wing 
(c?)  70-76,  (9)  70-72;  tail  (o*)  61-65,  (9)  61-65;  bill  16-17.— C.  E.  H. 

0  No  specimens  from  the  Xingu  or  the  right  bank  of  the  Tapaj6z  seen.  One  male 
and  two  females  obtained  by  W.  Hoffmanns  and  E.  Snethlage  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  latter  river,  at  Villa  Braga  and  Itaituba,  are  practically  identical  with  those  from 
more  western  localities. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  131 

"Thamnomanes  caesius  glaucus    Cabanis.*    GUIANAN   SLATY   BUSH 
BIRD. 

Thamnomancs  glaucus  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  230  (Cayenne; 
descr.  cf);  idem,  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  1848,  p.  688  (Cay- 
enne); SCLATER,  P,  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  223  (descr.,  o",  9  ;  Cayenne,  Rio 
Napo);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  178  (Rio  Napo);  PELZELN,  Orn. 
Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  80  (Marabitanas,  Rio  Icanna,  Barcellos,  Manaos,  Rio 
Negro;  Cayenne);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  424  (Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa, 
Brit.  Guiana);  W.  SCLATER,  1.  c.,  1887,  p.  318  (Maccassema,  Brit.  Guiana); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  227  (Brit.  Guiana;  Maroni  R.f 
Surinam;  Oyapoc,  Cayenne;  Iquitos,  Xeberos,  Chamicuros,  Ucayali,  Peru; 
Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador;  Bogota);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov. 
Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  71  (Munduapo,  Bichaco,  Nericagua,  Orinoco  R.,  Suapure, 
La  Pricion,  Nicare,  La  Union,  Caura  R.);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  64 
Coca,  Rio  Napo);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  1904,  p.  175  (S.  Jean  du 
Maroni,  Rio  Lunier,  French  Guiana);  idem,  1.  c.,  14,  1908,  p.  12  (French 
Guiana) ;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  154  (Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague), 
319  (S.  Jean  du  Maroni,  Rio  Lunier);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 
1914,  p.  279  (Obidos;  Rio  Jary  [S.  Antonio  da  Cachoeira]);  CHERRIE,  Mus. 
Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  281  (Falls  of  Maipures  and  beyond, 
Orinoco  R.;  La  Union,  Suapure,  Caura  R.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  373  (La  Morelia,  Florencia,  se.  Colombia);  BANGS 
and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  No.  2,  1918,  p.  67  (Lelydorp, 
Surinam);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  25  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Thamnomanes  glaucust  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,   1858,  p.  67  (Rio  Napo). 

Thamnomanes  caesius  glaucus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  368  (range, 
excl.  Yuracares,  n.  Bolivia);  idem,  1.  c.,  14,  1907,  p.  65  (diagn.,  Guianas, 
Venezuela;  Rio  Negro;  e.  Ecuador;  ne.  Peru;  "Bogota";  excl.  Yuracares, 
n.  Bolivia);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  204  (range, 
excl.  Bolivia);  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  1907,  p.  132  (Bartica),  227  (nest- 
ing habits). 

Thamnistes  affinis  SALVADOR:,  Atti  Soc.  Ital.  Sci.  Nat.,  7,  1864,  p.  154  (locality 
unknown,  descr.  9 ;  see  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  175, 
Note). 

Range:  The  Guianas;  Orinoco-Caura  region,  Venezuela;  northern 
Brazil  (Rio  Negro,  Rio  Branco,  south  to  north  bank  of  lower  Amazon: 
Rio  Jamundi,  Obidos);  eastern  Colombia;  eastern  Ecuador.b 

2:   Brazil  (Conceigao,  Rio  Branco  i;  lower  Rio  Branco  i). 

•  Thamnomanes  caesius  glaucus  CABANIS:  Male  similar  to  T.  c.  persimilis  in  clear 
plumbeous  coloration,  but  immediately  recognizable  by  having  a  large  semi-con- 
cealed white  interscapular  patch ;  female  with  upper  parts,  including  tail,  wing  coverts 
and  outer  webs  of  remiges,  light  rufescent  brown,  base  of  interscapulars  extensively 
white;  throat  deep  buff  with  brownish  edges  on  lower  portion;  foreneck  strongly 
shaded  with  brownish,  remainder  of  under  parts  deep  twany.— C.  E.  H. 

b  The  status  of  the  inhabitants  of  ne.  Peru  is  not  definitely  established.  As 
pointed  out  by  me  (Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  96,  in  text)  males  from 
Yurimaguas,  Chamicuros,  Xeberos  and  the  north  bank  of  the  Marafion  (Iquitos, 
Pebas,  Nauta),  in  tone  of  coloration,  are  intermediate  between  glaucus  and  schisto- 


132  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thamnomanes    caesius    schistogynus    Hellmayr.*     BOLIVIAN    SLATY 
BUSH  BIRD. 

Thamnomanes  caesius  schistogynus  HELLMAYR,  Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  2,  No.  22, 
Feb.  1911,  p.  25  (Rio  San  Mateo,  n.  Bolivia  [type];  Rio  Purus,  w.  Brazil); 
idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  Abt.  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  95  (Yahuarmayo,  San 
Gaban,  north  slope  of  Sierra  de  Carabaya,  se.  Peru). 

Thamnomanes  purusianus  SNETHLAGE,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  22,  1914,  p.  40 
(Ponto  Alegre,  Rio  Purus;  types  in  Goeldi  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Tyrannus  caesius  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  me'rid.,  Ois.f 
!839,  p.  309  (Yuracares,  n.  Bolivia;  specimens  in  Paris  Museum  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.). 

Thamnomanes  caesius  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  223  (part;  Bolivia, 
ex  D'ORBIGNY). 

Thamnomanes  caesius  glaucus  (not  of  CABANIS)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13, 
1906,  p.  368  (part;  Yuracares,  n.  Bolivia);  idem,  1.  c.,  14,  1907,  p.  65  (part; 
Yuracares,  n.  Bolivia). 

Thamnomanes  glaucus  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  15  (Ponto  Alegre, 
R.  Purus). 

Thamnomanes  sp.  nov.  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  279,  500 
(Ponto  Alegre,  R.  Punis). 

Range:  Northern  Bolivia  (Yuracares,  Rio  San  Mateo);  southeast- 
ern Peru  (Marcapata,  Dept.  Cuzcob;  Rio  San  Gaban,  Yahuarmayo, 
north  slope  of  Sierra  de  Carabaya)  ;  western  Brazil  (Ponto  Alegre,  on 
the  upper  Purus). 

gynus.  While  the  majority  ot  tne  females  in  their  rufescent  brown  upper  parts,  buff 
throat  and  brownish  f  oreneck  resemble  glaucus,  being,  however,  rather  more  deeply 
colored  throughout;  there  occur  sometimes  specimens  with  bluish  slate  dorsal 
surface,  anterior  under  parts  and  lower  tail  coverts  that  cannot  be  distinguished 
from  schistogynus. 

The  following  references  pertain  to  this  form  of  doubtful  standing: 

Thamnomanes  glaucus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  750  (Xeb- 
eros,  Yurimaguas,  Chyavetas)  ;  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  274  (same  localities,  Chamicuros); 
TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1882,  p.  30  (Yurimaguas);  idem,  Orn  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  25 
(descr.  d",  9  ex  Yurimaguas;  Xeberos,  Chyavetas,  Chamicuros  [ex  BARTLETT]).  — 
C.  E.  H. 

''Thamnomanes  caesius  schistogynus  HELLMAYR:  Male  differs  from  T.  c.  glaucus, 
which  it  resembles  in  possessing  a  large  white  interscapular  patch,  by  the  much 
darker,  more  bluish  slaty  general  coloration  and  the  dark  gray  axillaries  and  under 
wing  coverts.  Female  quite  distinct  from  those  of  the  other  members  of  the  genus  by 
the  upper  parts,  sides  of  head,  throat,  foreneck  and  under  tail  coverts  being  bluish 
slate  gray  as  in  the  male  sex;  breast  and  abdomen  deep  tawny  as  in  glaucus. 


Adult  male,  wing  69-74;  tail  62-66;  bill  i5>£-i6>£.   Adult  female,  wing  68-71; 
tail  61-65;  bill  15-16.—  C.  E.  H. 

bA  couple  secured  by  Otto  Garlepp  in  the  Berlepsch  Collection.  One  of  the 
three  Peruvian  females  has  the  foreneck  slightly  washed  with  olive,  thus  pointing 
towards  glaucus.  —  C.  E.  H. 


1 924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  133 

Genus  MYRMOTHERULA  Sclater.- 

Myrmotherula  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  234  (type  by  subs,  desig., 

Sclater,  1890,  Muscicapa  pygmaea  GMELIN  =  M uscicapa  brachyura  HERMANN). 
Myrmotherium  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  12  (new  name  for 

Myrmotherula  SCLATER  on  grounds  of  purism). 
Myrmophila  idem,  1.  c.,  p.  12  (type  by  subs,  design.  Sclater,  1890,  Formicivora 

brevicauda  SWAINSON). 

Rhopias  idem,  1.  c.,  p.  13  (type  Thamnophilus  gularis  SPIX). 
Myrmopagis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  1909,  p.  69  (type  Myrmo- 

thera  axiilaris  VIEILLOT). 
Poliolaema  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  foth  ser.),  2,  July  1918,  p.  124  (type 

Myrmotherula  cinereiventris  SCLATER  and  SALVIN). 

*Mynnotherula  brachyura  (Hermann).   PYGMY  ANT  WREN. 

Muscicapa  brachyura  HERMANN,  Tab.  Aff.  Anim.,  1783,  p.  299,  note  (based  on 

"Le  petit  Gobe-mouche  tachet6,  de  Cayenne"  BUFFON,  Hist.  Nat.  Ois.,  4, 

p.  554,  and  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.  831,  fig.  2;  =  9  ;  see  STRESEMANN,  Nov.  Zool., 

27,  1920,  p.  329). 

Muscicapa  pygmaea  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  (2),  1789,  p.  933  (based  on  Daubenton, 

PI.  enl.  831,  fig.  2;  Cayenne). 

Tamnophilus  minutus  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  1837,  p.  12  (based  on  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.  831,  fig.  2;  Yuracares, 
Bolivia). 

Myrmothera  minuta  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  mend.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  184  (Yura- 
cares, Bolivia;  descr.  9). 

Formicivora  pygmaea  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  1848, 
p.  688  (Brit.  Guiana);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  1855,  P-  H7  (Bogotd); 
idem,  1.  c.,  27,  1858,  p.  67  (Rio  Napo). 

Myrmotherula  Pygmaea  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  234  (descr.  d",  9 ; 
Cayenne,  Bogota,  Rio  Napo,  Bolivia);  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
1860,  p.  190  (Rio  Truando,  nw.  Colombia);  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat. 
Hist.,  7,  1862,  p.  235  (Lion  Hill,  Panama  R.  R.);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2, 
1868,  p.  80  (Guajaraguacu,  Rio  Mamor6);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1866,  p.  185  (upper  Ucayali);  idem,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  750  (Xeberos,  Yuri- 
maguas,  Chyavetas,  e.  Peru),  978  (Pebas);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  185  (Cosni- 
pata,  se.   Peru),  274    (upper  Ucayali,  Xeberos,  Yurimaguas,   Chyavetas, 
Chamicuros,  Pebas,  e.  Peru);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  311  (Rio  Truando  and 
Panama);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  30  (Yurimaguas);  idem, 
Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  37  (Peruvian  localities);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  P-  424 
(Bartica   Grove,   Camacusa,    Brit.   Guiana);   BERLEPSCH,   Journ.    Ornith., 
1889,  p.  304  (Tarapoto,  ne.  Peru);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  230  (monogr.,  range);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14, 
•  Although  the  members  of  this  genus  vary  considerably  in  shape  of  bill,  relative 
length  of  tail  and  tarsus,  as  also  in  style  of  coloration,  I  have  not  been  able  to  draw 
a  satisfactory  line  between  the  various,  recently  discriminated  sections.    M .  gularis 
(type  of  Rhopias)  is  certainly  remarkable  for  its  small  bill  and  very  short  tail,  but 
as  M.  guUuralis  and  the  M.  teucophthalma  group,  obviously  its  northern  representa- 
tives, agree  in  structure  with  "Myrmopagis"  I  cannot  advocate  the  recognition  of  a 
separate  genus  for  its  reception.     Notwithstanding  the  contrary  assertion  of  the 
late  P.  L.  Sclater,  M.  brachyura  has  twelve  rectrices,  just  like  M.  axiilaris  (type  of 
Myrmopagis). — C.  E.  H. 


134  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

No.  362,  1899,  p.  29  (Zamora,  e.  Ecuador);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov. 
Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  73  (La  Pricion,  Caura  R.);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56, 
1908,  p.  15  (Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Purvis);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908, 
p.  154  (Cayenne,  Roche- Marie,  Ipousin,  French  Guiana);  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  382  (Borba,  Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  1.  c.,  17, 
1910,  p.  345  (Marmellos,  Calama,  Rio  Madeira);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus., 
50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  64  (monogr.,  synon.,  range);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith., 
61,  1913,  ?•  528  (ecology);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  281 
(Cameta,  I.  Pirunum,  Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins;  Pimental,  R.  Tapajdz; 
Santa  Elena,  R.  Jamauchim;  Bom  Lugar,  R.  Purtis;  Rio  Jary  (S.  Antonio 
da  Cachoeira,  Obidos);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916, 
p.  283  (La  Pricion,  Caura  R.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
1917,  p.  373  (S.  Jos6,  Choco;  Florencia,  La  Morelia,  se.  Colombia);  BANGS 
and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  No.  2,  1918,  p.  67  (Paramaribo, 
Surinam);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  26  (Supenaam,  Bartica, 
Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana). 

Myrmotherula  brachyura  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  Nov.  1920, 
p.  96  (Yahuarmayo,  se.  Peru);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  206  (San  Mateo, 
Bolivia);  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  No.  6,  Sept.  1922, 
p.  206  (Jesusito,  Darien). 

Range:  From  eastern  Panama  (Lion  Hill;  Darien)  and  Colombia 
(R.  Truando;  San  Jose",  Pacific  coast;  eastern  slope  of  eastern  Andes) 
east  through  southern  Venezuela  (Caura  Valley)  to  French  Guiana; 
south  through  eastern  Ecuador  and  Peru  to  northern  and  eastern 
Bolivia  (Yuracares,  San  Mateo;  Rio  Surutu,  Prov.  del  Sara),  and 
northern  Brazil  (as  far  east  as  the  Tocantins). 

4:  Peru  (Moyobamba  2,  Puerto  Bermudez,  Rio  Pichis  i),  Colombia 
("Bogota"  i). 

Myrmotherula  sclateri  Snethlage.*  SCLATER'S  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  sclateri  SNETHLAGE,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  20,  1912,  p.  153  (Boim, 
R.  Tapaj6z;  types  examined) ;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  281  (Boim); 
HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  97  in  text  (Boim;  crit.). 

Myrmotherula  kermiti  CHERRIED  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  1916,  p.  184 
(BarSo  Melgaco,  Matto  Grosso;  type  in  coll.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist,  exam- 
ined; «  9). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil  (as  yet  only  known  from  Boim,  left  bank 
of  R.  Tapaj6z,  and  Barao  Melgago,  northern  Matto  Grosso). 

^Myrmotherula  sclateri  SNETHLAGE:  Nearly  related  to  M.  brachyura,  but  with 
much  longer  tail  and  bill;  throat  and  sides  of  head  in  both  sexes  straw  yellow  (in 
M.  brachyura  these  parts  are  white  in  the  male,  buffy  or  ochraceous  in  the  female) ; 
male  with  crown  stripes  pale  yellow  instead  of  white;  female  without  buffy  suffusion 
below,  but  with  numerous  distinct  black  streaks  on  sides  of  throat,  foreneck  and 
chest  (in  M.  brachyura  female  only  the  sides  of  the  chest  are  striped,  but  much  more 
broadly  so).  Wing,  45-46X1  tail,  25-28;  bill,  14-14^.— C.  E.  H. 

bThe  type  is  practically  identical  with  two  topotypes  from  Boim  with  which  it 
was  directly  compared  by  C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  135 

*Myrmotherula  surinamensis  surinamensis  (Gmelin).    SURINAM  ANT 

WREN. 

Sitta  surinamensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i,  (i),  1788,  p.  442  (based  on  "Surinam 

Nuthatch"  LATHAM,  Gen.  Syn.  Birds,  i,  (2),  p.  654,  pi.  28  (=  9);  Surinam). 

Myrmothera  melanoleucos  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  £d.,  12, 

1817,  p.  113  ("el  la  Guyane"). 
Formicivora  quadrivittata  (Lichtenstein  Ms.)  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,   i, 

1847,  p.  227  (Brit.  Guiana);  idem  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3, 

1848,  p.  688  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Myiothera  pusilla  (Cuvier  Ms.)  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855, 
p.  335  (part;  specimen  ex  Laugier,  Cayenne;  see  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR, 
Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  48). 

Myrmotherula  surinamensis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  234  (part; 
Cayenne,  Brit.  Guiana);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  425  (Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  X5,  1890,  p.  231  (part;  spec,  m-q,  Brit.  Guiana, 
v,  Cayenne);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  73  (Suapure, 
Nicare,  La  Pricion,  Caura  R.,  Mato  R.,  Caura  district,  Venezuela*);  BER- 
LEPSCH, Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  154  (Ipousin,  R.  Approuague,  Cayenne); 
RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  62  (part;  Venezuela,  Brit. 
Guiana,  Cayenne);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  27  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Myrmotherula  surinamensis  surinamensis  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911, 
p.  1160  (characters;  French,  Dutch  and  Brit.  Guiana;  e.  Venezuela;  Caura 
Valley);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  283  (La  Union, 
Maripa,  Mato  R.,  Caura  district*);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  62,  No.  2,  1918,  p.  68  (Paramaribo). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  eastern  Venezuela 
(Caura  basin),  and  northern  Brazil  (upper  Rio  Branco). 

4:  French  Guiana  (Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni  i);  Surinam  (vicin- 
ity of  Paramaribo  i);  northern  Brazil  (base  of  Serra  da  Lua,  near 
Boavista,  upper  Rio  Branco  2). 

*Myrmotherula  surinamensis  pacifica  Helltnayr.*  PACIFIC  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  surinamensis  pacifica  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1159 
(Buenaventura,  Choco  [type];  Guineo,  Rio  Calima,  Piano  de  los  Monos 
near  Naranjo,  w.  Colombia),  1161  (syn.,  characters,  Panama  to  w.  Ecuador); 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  373  (Alto  Bonito, 
Dabeiba,  Quibdo,  Novita,  Novita  Trail,  Juntas  de  Tamana,  Noanama, 
Buenaventura,  Los  Cisneros,  Tumaco,  Barbacoas,  w.  Colombia;  Puerto 
Valdivia,  Malena,  R.  Magdalena) ;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  65,  No.6,  1922,  p.  206  (Mt.  Sap<5  and  Jesusito,  Darien). 

•  The  single  male  from  Munduapo,  R.  Orinoco  (about  two  days,  by  canoe,  below 
S.  Fernando  de  Atabapo)  is  more  likely  to  pertain  to  M.  s.  multostriata,  but  the  ques- 
tion cannot  be  satisfactorily  settled  until  females  come  to  hand.  In  any  case,  the 
specimen  is  quite  distinct  from  M.  cherriei. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula  surinamensis  pacifica  HELLMAYR:  Differs  from  M.  s.  surin- 
amensis in  its  longer  tail,  much  stronger  as  well  as  decidedly  longer  bill,  wider  white 
tips  to  rectrices  (about  3  to  4  mm.  on  outermost  pair),  and  in  having  the  upper  back 


136  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myrmotherula-?  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  294  (Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador). 

Myrmotherula  surinamensis  (not  of  GMELIN)  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  1860,  p.  190  (Rio  Truando);  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  7, 
1861,  p.  293  (Isthmus  of  Panama);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1864,  p.  356  (Lion  Hill,  Panama);  idem,  1.  c.,  1879,  p.  525  (Remedies,  Antio- 
quia;  eggs  descr.);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  3"  (Turbo,  Panama);  BERLEPSCH 
and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  564  (Chimbo,  sw.  Ecuador); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  231  (part;  spec,  a-g,  j,  k,  1,  Vera- 
gua,  Panama;  Esmeraldas,  Intac,  Ecuador;  Remedies,  "Bogota,"  Colom- 
bia); SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  209  (part; 
Panama,  Colombia);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
1899,  p.  29  (part;  Peripa,  w.  Ecuador;  spec,  examined);  BANGS,  Proc.  New 
Eng.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  1900,  p.  23  (Loma  del  Leon);  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
1902,  p.  612  (San  Javier,  Pambilar,  nw.  Ecuador);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis, 
1902,  p.  64  (S.  Nicholas,  Gualea,  w.  Ecuador);  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  g£ogr. 
Arm6e  Mes.  M6rid.  Equat.,  9,  1911,  p.  B  33  (Santo  Domingo,  w.  Ecuador); 
RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  62  (part;  Panama,  Colombia, 
w.  Ecuador);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  70,  1918,  p.  260  (Rio  Siri, 
Panama). 

Range:  Panama  (Lion  Hill,  Rio  Siri,  Colon,  Darien),  Colombia 
(Pacific  coast;  lower  Magdalena  Valley;  also  found  in  "Bogota" 
collections)  and  western  Ecuador  (south  to  Chimbo). 

7:  Panama  (Colon  3);  Colombia  (Quibdo,  R.  Atrato  i,  Dabeiba  i, 
Buenaventura  i) ;  Ecuador  (Chimbo  i). 

Myrmotherula  surinamensis  multostriata  Sdater.*    AMAZONIAN  ANT 
WREN. 

Myrmotherula  multostriata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  234,  pi.  141, 
figs.  2  (o"),  3  (9)  (Ucayali  River,  e.  Peru;  types  in  British  Museum  exam- 
ined); idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  179  (Upper  Amazons — Bates, 
erroneously  listed  as  type);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  185 
(upper  Ucayali);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  274  (upper  Ucayali,  Santa  Cruz,  e.  Peru; 
spec,  in  British  Museum  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou,  2, 1884,  p.  39 
(part;  descr.  of  9  and  "d"  non  adulte"  in  coll.  Sclater  only;  hab.  part, 
Ucayali,  Santa  Cruz);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  72 
in  text  (crit.);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  61,  1913,  p.  528  (ecology). 

less  variegated  with  black,  while  the  white  interscapular  blotch  is  much  smaller  in  the 
male  and  wholly  absent  in  the  female.  The  latter  sex,  too,  has  the  top  of  the  head 
conspicuously  clearer,  about  "tawny  ochraceous"  (instead  of  "deep  tawny")  and  the 
dark  stripes  on  the  hind  crown  and  nape  are  much  duller  and  less  pronounced,  being 
dusky  olive  instead  of  deep  black.  Wing  (cf)  51-54,  (9)  49-53;  tail  27-31%; 
bill  i5-i6#.— C.  E.  H. 

• Myrmotherula  surinamensis  multostriata  SCLATER:  Male  not  distinguishable 
from  M.  s.  surinamensis,  but  female  with  sides  of  head  buff,  streaked  with  dusky 
(instead  of  plain  cinnamon  rufous);  under  parts  much  paler,  creamy  white  and, 
except  for  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  strongly  marked  with  very  distinct,  though 
narrow,  blackish  stripes. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  137 

Myrmotherula  surinamensis  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  231  (part;  spec,  w-z,  b'-d',  Santa  Cruz,  upper  Ucayali,  upper  Ama- 
zon); JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p-  440  (Rio  Jurua);  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  368  (Prata,  Para);  SNETLHAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55, 
1907,  p.  284  (Para,  Ourem;  habits,  nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Myrmotherula  surinamensis  multostriata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc. 
Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  48  (Pebas,  Nauta,  ne.  Peru;  crit.); 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14, 1907,  p.  68  (Teff6),  382  (Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira) ; 
JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  205  (R.  Jurua),  414 
(Teffe);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  510  (Isl.  Goyana,  R.  Tapa- 
J6z),  53i  (Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910, 
p.  345  (Calama,  Marmellos,  Jamarysinho,  R.  Madeira;  syn.,  range);  idem, 
Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  44  (Peixe- 
Boi),  92  (Para  localities) ;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  281 
(Para,  Quati-puni,  Rio  Guama  [Ourem];  J.  Pae  Lourenco,  Arumatheua, 
R.  Tocantins;  Santa  Julia,  Rio  Iriri;  Rio  Curua;  Goyana,  Bella  Vista, 
Pimental,  R.  Tapaj6z;  Cahy,  Rio  Jamauchim'). 

Range:  Amazonia,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Rio  Guamd, 
Prov.  of  Para,  west  to  the  lowlands  of  northeastern  Peru  (Ucayali, 
lower  Huallaga)  where,  however,  it  is  also  found  on  the  north  bank  of 
the  Maranon  (Nauta,  Pebas). 

Myrmotherula  cherriei  Berlepsch  and  Hartert*  CHERRIE'S  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  cherriei  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  72, 
(Perico  [type]  and  Maipures,  upper  Orinoco,  Venezuela;  types  in  Tring 
Museum  examined);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  283 
(Perico,  Maipures). 

Myrmotherula  surinamensis  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  231  (part;  spec,  r-u,  "Oyapoc,  Cayenne,"  examined  in  British 
Museum);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  154  ("Oyapoc,  Cayenne"). 

Range:  Venezuela,  upper  Orinoco,  from  below  the  falls  of  Atures 
(Perico)  to  Maipures.0 

•  The  specimens  recorded  from  Far6,  R.  Jamunda  (north  bank  of  Amazon), 
are  more  likely  to  belong  to  M.  s.  surinamensis. 

b  Myrmotherula  cherriei  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT:  Differs  from  the  M.  surin- 
amensis group  by  the  male  having  the  entire  under  surface  much  more  broadly  striped 
with  black,  and  the  mandible  black  like  the  maxilla.  The  female  may  be  recognized 
by  having  the  crown  and  hind  neck  black,  edged  with  buff,  and  the  under  parts 
deep  buff  striped  with  black,  only  the  middle  of  the  lower  abdomen  and  under  tail 
coverts  being  plain.  The  tail  is  decidedly  longer,  and  the  white  tips  to  the  lateral 
rectrices  are  somewhat  wider  than  in  the  M.  surinamensis  group.  Wing  (seven  o"  o") 
50-52,  (four  99)  49-51;  tail  (cf)  30-32,  (9)  28-30;  bill  14^-16. 

M.  cherriei,  while  quite  distinct  from  the  M.  surinamensis  group,  is  possibly 
more  nearly  related  to  M.  longicauda,  from  which  it  chiefly  differs  by  the  heavily 
striped  under  parts,  the  presence  of  a  white  interscapular  blotch,  and  the  black  lower 
mandible  of  the  male.  The  female  is  very  similar,  but  that  of  longicauda  has  only 
a  few  streaks  across  the  chest,  etc.  Besides,  the  tail  in  M.  cherriei  is  somewhat 
shorter  and  much  less  graduated.  Unfortunately,  I  have  no  memorandum  as  to  the 
number  of  rectrices.  No  specimen  is  at  present  available  for  examination. — C.  E.  H. 

0  The  four  specimens  from  "Oyapoc"  in  the  British  Museum  which  I  have 
examined  belong  indeed  to  M.  cherriei,  but  as  in  the  case  of  some  other  species 
purchased  from  the  same  dealer  (Madame  Verdey,  of  Paris),  I  strongly  doubt  the 
correctness  of  the  locality. — C.  E.  H. 


138  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Myrmotherula    longicauda    longicauda    Berlepsch    and    Stolzmann.* 
LONG-TAILED  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  longicauda  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ibis,  (6th  ser.),  6,  1894, 
P-  394  (Chontabamba,  Vitoc  [o"J;  La  Merced  and  La  Gloria,  Chanchamayo 
[9];  cotype  from  La  Gloria  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1896,  p.  381  (same  localities). 

Myrmotherula  longicauda  longicauda  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  1923, 
p.  4  in  text  (part;  "Tulmayo"  =  Tulumayo,  Dept.  Junin). 

Range :   Subtropical  zone  of  central  Peru,  in  Dept.  Junin  (valleys  of 
Vitoc,  Tulumayo,  Chanchamayo). 
i:  Peru  (San  Ramon,  Junin). 

*Myrmotherula  longicauda  australis  Chapman*    OCHREOUS-BELLIED 
ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  multostriata  australis  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  Aug. 

1923,  p.  4  (Rio  Inambari,  Rio  Tavara,  La  Pampa,  n.  Puno,  se.  Peru;  Locotal, 

Dept.  Cochabamba,  Bolivia). 
Myrmothernla  surinamensis  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  1858, 

p.  234,  pi.  151,  fig.  i  (=cf)  (part;  Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador;  spec,  in  Brit. 

Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1866,  p.  185  (Upper 

Ucayali,  e.  Peru;  spec,  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c., 

1873,  p.  274  (Upper  Ucayali);  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1882,  p.  30  (Huambo, 

Dept.  Loreto);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  231    (part;  spec. 

h,  i,  Rio  Napo;  a',  Upper  Ucayali,  e.  Peru;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 

SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  29  (part; 

Gualaquiza,  e.  Ecuador;  spec,  in  Turin  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

•  Myrmotherula  longicauda  longicauda  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN:  Differs 
in  both  sexes  from  the  M.  surinamensis  group  in  its  longer,  much  more  graduated 
tail  (the  distance  between  the  shortest  and  longest  rectrix  being  from  8  to  1 2  against 
4  to  5  mm.  in  surinamensis)  with  much  more  white  on  the  lateral  rectrices  (the  outer 
web  of  the  outermost  being  mostly  white  on  apical  half),  and  by  lacking  the  white 
interscapular  blotch.  Besides,  the  male  has  the  entire  throat,  foreneck  and  abdomen 
plain  white,  only  a  limited  zone  on  the  chest  being  streaked  with  black;  in  the  female, 
the  crown  and  back  are  black,  laterally  edged  with  buffy  white;  the  sides  of  the  head 
buffy  white;  the  under  parts  pale  buff,  passing  into  whitish  on  throat  and  lower 
abdomen,  the  chest  only  narrowly,  though  distinctly  streaked  with  black.  Wing 
(five  o*d*  ad.)  51-52,  (three  99)  48-50;  tail  (of)  37-40,  (9)  36-39;  bill  14.  This 
species  (and  its  doubtfully  separable  subspecies  australis)  has  obviously  but  ten 
rectrices,  while  there  are  always  twelve  in  the  races  of  surinamensis. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula  longicauda  australis  CHAPMAN:  Male  indistinguishable  from  the 
typical  race;  but  female  on  under  parts  much  darker,  ochraceous  (deepest  on  breast), 
with  but  a  few  obsolete  sooty  streaks  on  sides  of  chest;  streaks  on  crown  and  pileum 
decidedly  buff;  apical  spots  on  wing  coverts  and  edges  to  quills  buffy  instead  of  pure 
white;  sides  of  head  deeper  buff. 

It  is  very  reluctantly  that  I  admit  this  form  as  distinct  from  M.  I.  longicauda, 
since  its  distribution  is  most  peculiar  indeed.  Females  from  Moyobamba  prove  to  be 
practically  identical  with  two  from  La  Pampa,  while  those  from  Vista  Alegre,  by 
being  deeper  ochraceous  both  above  and  below,  are  even  more  different  from  longi- 
cauda (as  represented  by  Junin-examples),  although  they  have  the  chest  rather 
more  boldly  streaked  with  blackish.  The  range  of  longicauda  is  thus  seen  to  be 
surrounded  by  australis  in  the  north,  east  and  south ! — C.  E.  H. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  139 

Myrmotherula  multostriata  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2, 
1884,  p.  39  (part,  descr.  of  d*  ad.  only;  Huambo). 

Myrmotherula  longicauda  (not  of  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN)  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  Sept.  1906,  p.  117  (Huaynapata,  Marcapata,  se.  Peru; 
spec,  now  in  Vienna  Museum,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Myrmotherula  longicauda  longicauda  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  1923, 
p.  4  (part;  Zamora,  Macas,  e.  Ecuador). 

Range:  Northern  Bolivia  (Espiritu  Santo,  Songo,  Yungas  of  La  Paz; 
Locotal,  Yungas  of  Cochabamba);  eastern  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Puno 
(Rio  Inambari  and  affluents),  Cuzco  (Marcapata),  Huanuco  (Vista 
Alegre,  Rio  Chinchao)  and  Loreto  (Moyobamba,  Huayabamba) ;  east- 
ern Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Gualaquiza,  Zamora,  Macas). » 

10 :    Peru  (Moyobamba  7,  Vista  Alegre  3). 

Myrmotherula  guttata  (  Vieillot).   RUFOUS-BELLIED  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmothera  guttata  VIEILLOT,  Galerie  Ois.,  2,  circa  1825,  p.  251,  pi.  155  (=  c?) 
(Cayenne). 

Myrmotherula  minuta  (not  Tamnophilus  minutus  LAFR.  and  D'ORB.)  PELZELN 
(ex  LICHTENSTEIN  Ms.),  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  81  (Rio  Negro  (  =  Man- 
aos)  and  Cayenne;  types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined;  =  9 ). 

Myiothera  poeciloptera  (Cuvier  Ms.)  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3, 
*855,  p.  336  (Cayenne;  type  in  Paris  Museum  examined;  —  9). 

Myrmotherula  guttata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  235  (monogr.;  Cay- 
enne); SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  425  (Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  232  (Cayenne;  Bartica  Grove, 
Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902, 

•  No  females  from  Ecuador  are  available.  Males  have  very  short  tails,  but  are 
matched  by  others  from  the  upper  Ucayali,  and  Vista  Alegre  (Huanuco). 

MEASUREMENTS 

MALES  WING                 TAIL  BILL 

One  from  Espirito  Santo,  Bolivia  49                       37  14^3 

Two  from  Rio  Tavara,  n.  Puno,  se.  Peru  49,49                  37,38  14,14^ 

One  from  Marcapata,  Cuzco,  se.  Peru  48                        37  14 

One  from  Vista  Alegre,  Huanuco,  Peru  50                       34  14}^ 

Four  from  Moyobamba,  Dept.  Loreto  49,50^,51,52  37,37,37,38  14-14^ 

One  from  Upper  Ucayali  47                     31  #  IA& 

Five  from  e.  Ecuador  48,49,49,49^,52  32,32,33,34  *3/ 


FEMALES 

One  from  Songo,  n.  Bolivia                                  47 #  37.K  14 

Two  from  La  Pampa,  n.  Puno,  se.  Peru              48,49  37,38# 

Two  from  Vista  Alegre,  Dept.  Huanuco              49,49  34,37 

Three  from  Moyobamba,  Dept.  Loreto  48,51,51  38,38,39 

One  from  Huayabamba,  Dept.  Loreto                 47/4  34K  14 

X  E.  H. 


140  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

p.  73  (La  Union,  La  Pricion,  Caura  River,  Venezuela);  BERLEPSCH,  1.  c.,  15, 
1908,  p.  155  (Ipousin,  R.  Approuague,  French  Guiana);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol. 
Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  283  (San  Antonio  da  Cachoeira,  Rio  Jary;  Obidos, 
n.  Brazil);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  283  (Caura 
River,  Venezuela). 

Rhopoterpe  guttata  CABANIS  in  SCHOMBURGK,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  1848,  p. 
688  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Poliolaema  guttata  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  36  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  eastern  Venezuela 
(Caura  basin) ;  northern  Brazil,  on  north  bank  of  lower  Amazon  (Rio 
Jary,  Obidos,  Manaos).a 

Myrmotherula  hauxwelli  hauxwelli  (Sclater)  .b  HAUXWELL'S  ANT  WREN. 

Formicivora  hauxwelli  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  1857,  p.  131,  pi.  126,  fig.  2 
("e.  Peru"=Chamicuros,  ne.  Peru;  type  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined);  idem, 
1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  67  (Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador). 

Myrmotherula  hauxwelli  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  236  (monogr. ; 
Chamicuros,  e.  Peru;  Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c., 
1866,  p.  186  (upper  Ucayali,  Nauta);  idem,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  750  (Chyavetas); 
idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  274  (upper  Ucayali,  Nauta,  Chyavetas,  Chamicuros, 
Santa  Cruz,  ne.  Peru);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  81  (Engenho 
do  Cap.  Gama,  w.  Matto  Grosso;  Salto  do  Girao,  Rio  Madeira);  TACZAN- 
OWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou,  2, 1884,  p.  44  (Yurimaguas;  Peruvian  localities) ;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  237  (part;  Nauta,  Chamicuros,  Iquitos, 
Chyavetas,  Santa  Cruz,  Yurimaguas,  ne.  Peru;  Rio  Napo,  Ecuador;  "Bog- 
ota"); GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  64  (Coca,  Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador);  SNETH- 
lage,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  102  (Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Purvis);  idem,  Bol. 
Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  283  (Boim,  Villa  Braga,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  Tucunar6, 
Rio  Jamauchim;  Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Purvis). 

Myrmotherula  hauxwelli  hauxwelli  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  68  (Teff6, 
Rio  Solimoes),  383  (Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  346 
(Calama,  Marmellos,  Rio  Madeira;  Maroins,  Rio  Machados). 

Range :  Amazonia,  from  the  Tapajoz  west  to  eastern  Peru,  south  to 
western  Matto  Grosso  (Rio  Guapore"),  in  Brazil  only  south  of  the  Ama- 
zon, in  Peru  also  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Maranon,  thence  ranging 
through  eastern  Ecuador  to  southeastern  Colombia  (Murelia,  Caquetd 
region;  "Bogota"  collections). 

•  The  few  Brazilian  females  seen  by  me  agree  with  others  from  the  Guianas  and 
the  Caura  River.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula  hauxwelli  hauxwelli  (SCLATER):  Most  nearly  related  to,  and 
agreeing  in  proportions  with  M.  guttata,  but  male  distinguishable  by  having  the  entire 
under  parts  down  to  the  tail  coverts  slate  gray;  the  apical  markings  on  wing  coverts, 
tertials,  upper  tail  coverts  and  rectrices  much  less  extensive  and  pure  white;  the 
remiges  edged  with  slate  gray  (instead  of  russet  brown) ;  by  lacking  the  olive  brown 
rump.  The  female  differs  by  the  throat  and  breast  being,  like  the  rest  of  the  under 
surface,  bright  ferruginous  instead  of  buffy  brownish. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  141 

*Myrmotherula   hauxwelli   hellmayri   Siiethlage.*     HELLMAYR'S   ANT 
WREN. 

Myrmotherula  hauxweUi  hellmayri  SNETHLAGE,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,   14,    1906, 

p.  9  (no  locality  given,  the  types  evidently  came  from  near  Pard,  ne.  Brazil) ; 

HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  369  (San  Antonio  do  Prata,  Para); 

idem,  Abhandl.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  45 

(Peixe-Boi,  Para). 
Myrmotherula  hawxwetti  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

1867,  p.  576  (Capim  River). 
Myrmotherula  spec.  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,   1905,  p.  285   (Igarap6-Assu, 

Para). 
Myrmotherula  hellmayri  SNETHLAGE,  Jour.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  285  (Pard,  San 

Antonio);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  283  (Pard,  Providencia,  Anan- 

indeua,  Benevides,  Santa  Isabel,  Peixe-Boi,  San  Antonio  do  Prata;  Rio 

Guamd;  Resacca,  Rio  Capim;  Mazagao,  Cametd,  Baiao,  Arumatheua,  Rio 

Tocantins). 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Maranhao  and  Pard, 
west  to  the  Tocantins. 

6:  Para  (Utinga  3),  Maranhao  (Tury-assii  3). 

Myrmotherula  gularis  (Spix).   SPOTTED-THROATED  ANT  WREN. 

ThamnophUus  gularis  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  1825,  p.  30,  pi.  41,  fig.  2  (no  locality 
given;  type,  formerly  in  Munich  Museum,  lost;  see  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl. 
Bayr.  Akad.  Wiss.,  2.  Kl.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  663;  we  designate  Rio  de  Jan- 
eiro as  type  locality). 

Myiothera  cinerea  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1093  (se.  Brazil, 
no  locality  specified;  see  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  252). 

Myrmothera  gularis  MENETRIES,  Mem.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3,  Part  2 
(Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  476  pi.  2,  fig.  2  (Rio  de  Janeiro  et  "Minas  Geraes"; 
nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Myrmotherula  gularis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  235  (monogr.;  se.  Bra- 
zil); PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  81  (Rio;  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo); 
BERLEPSCH  and  JEERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  1885,  p.  150  (Taquara,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  233  (monogr.; 
se.  Brazil);  JEERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  239  (Piquete,  Iporanga, 
Sao  Paulo);  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  para  1900,  1899,  p.  130 
(Mundo  Novo);  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  205  (Alto  da  Serra,  Uba- 
tuba,  Iporanga,  Ilha  de  S.  SebastiSo,  S.  Paulo;  Ourinho,  Parand). 

Rhopoterpe  gularis  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  56  (New 
Freiburg,  Rio). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  south  to  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul. 

•  Myrmotherula  hauxweUi  hellmayri  SNETBLAGE:  Differs  from  the  typical  race 
by  lacking  the  white  interscapular  blotch.  Besides,  the  females  are  slightly  deeper 
brown  above  and  somewhat  paler  on  the  throat. — C.  E.  H. 


142  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myrmotherula  gutturalis  Salvin  and  Godman.*    BROWN-BELLIED  ANT 
WREN. 

Myrmotherula  gutturalis  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  (4th  ser.),  5,  1881,  p.  269 
(Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana;  types  in  British  Museum  examined);  SALVIN, 
Ibis,  1885,  p.  425  (Merum6  Mts.,  Rio  Atapurow,  Quonga,  Brit.  Guiana); 
BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  155  (Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague,  French 
Guiana);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  348  (characters;  British  and 
French  Guiana);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  282  (S.  Antonio 
da  Cachoeira,  R.  Jary;  Obidos,  n.  Brazil). 

Rhopias  gutturalis  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  29  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana,  south  to  the  north  bank 
of  the  lower  Amazon,  northern  Brazil  (Rio  Jary,  Obidos). b 

Myrmotherula  leucophthalma  leucophthalma  (Pelzeln).*   WHITE-EYED 
ANT  WREN. 

Formicivora  leucophthalma  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  83,  155  (Salto 
do  Girao,  Rio  Madeira;  type  ( =  9 )  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Myrmotherula  leucophthalma  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.,  53,  1903,  p.  213 
(crit.;  characters  of  9);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  531  (Aru- 
matheua,  Rio  Tocantins);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  282  (Macu- 
jubim,  w.  Maraj6;  Cameta,  Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins;  Victoria,  R.  Xingu; 
Santa  Elena,  Tucunar£,  Rio  Jamauchim;  Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Punis). 

Myrmotherula  gutturalis  leucophthalma  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908, 
p.  15  (Bom  Lugar,  Punis;  Maraj6). 

Myrmotherula  leucophthalma  leucophthalma  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910, 
p.  346  (Maroins,  Rio  Madeira;  descr.  o"),  347  (Macujubim,  Maraj6;  Aruma- 
theua, Tocantins;  Rio  Madeira;  Rio  Punis). 

Range:  Northern  and  western  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  ranging 
from  the  western  portion  of  the  island  of  Marajo  (Macujubim)  west  to 
the  upper  Punis  (Bom  Lugar),  south  along  the  Rio  Madeira  to  north- 
western Matto  Grosso  (Roosevelt  River). d 

8  Myrmotherula  gutturalis  SALVIN  and  GODMAN:  The  male  is  readily  recognizable 
among  its  affines  by  having  the  upper  wing  coverts  olive  brown,  with  very  small 
(dot-like)  white  apical  spots;  the  females  bear  a  striking  resemblance  to  that  of  M. 
fulviventris,  but  the  upper  wing  coverts,  although  similarly  tipped  with  fulvous , 
are  much  paler  russet  brown  rather  than  blackish. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Four  skins  from  Ipousin,  French  Guiana,  agree  well  with  seven  from  British 
Guiana.  No  Brazilian  specimens  seen  by  us. 

e  Myrmotherula  leucophthalma  leucophthalma  (PELZELN)  :  Male  with  upper  parts 
olive  brown,  sometimes  washed  with  rufous  on  middle  of  back;  tail  cinnamon  or 
russet  brown;  median  and  greater  upper  wing  coverts  black  with  large,  rounded 
apical  spots  of  deep  buff;  wings  exteriorly  edged  with  russet  brown;  throat  black, 
with  large  wedge-shaped  white  spots;  cheeks,  malar  region,  foreneck  and  chest 
light  cinereous;  lower  abdomen,  flanks  and  under  tail  coverts  olive  or  fulvous  brown. 
Wing  (six  o^o")  51-53;  tail  39-42;  bill  13-13^.  Female  differs  in  having  the 
lower  parts  (including  throat)  ochraceous,  the  sides  of  the  head  buff,  and  the  apical 
spots  to  the  wing  coverts  deeper,  more  ochraceous  buff.  Wing  (three  99)  51-54; 
tail  43-45;  bill  13-13}*.— C.  E.  H. 

d  I  notice  certain  apparently  individual  variations  among  the  six  males  before  me. 
One  of  two  from  the  Roosevelt  River  and  a  single  one  from  Maraj6  (Macujubim) 


IQ24-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  143 

*Myrmotherula    leucophthalma    sororia    Berlepsch    and    Stolzmann.* 
PERUVIAN  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  sororia  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ibis,  (6th  sen),  6,  1894, 
p.  396  (La  Gloria,  Vitoc;  La  Merced,  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin,  c.  Peru); 
idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  381  (same  localities). 

Myrmotherula  leucophthalma  sororia  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  348 
(crit. ;  Rio  Tigr£,  ne.  Peru;  La  Gloria,  c.  Peru;  range). 

Myrmotherula  gutturalis  (not  of  SALVIN  and  GODMAN)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1882,  p.  30  (Huambo,  n.  Peru);  idem,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  42 
(Huambo;  descr.  d"1,  9 ) ;  3,  1886,  p.  509  (crit. ;  Huambo,  Rio  Tigre1,  ne.  Peru). 

Rhopias  spodionota  juninensis  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  38,  1918,  p.  84 
("Junin,"  c.  Peru;  descr.  d"). 

Range :  Peru,  from  the  valleys  of  Vitoc  and  Chanchamayo,  in  Dept. 
Junin,  north  to  the  Maranon  (Rio  Tigre"). 

2:   Peru  (Huachipa  i,  Vista  Alegre  i). 

Myrmotherula  leucophthalma  spodionota  Sclater  and  Salvin.b    ECUA- 
DORIAN ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  spodionota  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  159 
(Sarayacu,  Ecudaor;  types  in  British  Museum  examined;  descr.  d1);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  234  (Sarayacu);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  ZooL,  17, 
1910,  p.  348  (Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  crit.). 

Range:   Eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu). 

have  the  cinereous  color  below  restricted  to  the  foreneck,  while  in  all  the  others 
(one  Rio  Roosevelt,  one  Bom  Lugar,  Punis,  two  Rio  Jamauchim)  it  extends  well 
over  the  breast.  The  tail  also  varies  slightly  in  shade.  A  female  from  the  Rio 
Roosevelt  is  practically  identical  with  the  type. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Myrmotherula  leucophthalma  sororia  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN:  Very  closely 
related  to  M.  1.  leucophthalma,  but  differs  in  both  sexes  in  dark  brown  tail  with 
only  narrow  rufescent  edges  along  the  outer  web,  smaller  light  markings  to  the 
upper  wing  coverts,  and  somewhat  darker  brown  upper  parts.  Besides,  the  male  has 
less  white  on  the  throat,  darker  gray  breast  and  sides  of  head,  while  the  duller,  less 
fulvous  color  of  the  belly  is  restricted  to  the  flanks  and  crissum.  The  female  is  dis- 
tinguishable only  by  slightly  darker  back  and  duller  under  parts.  Wing  (two  o"o", 
two  99)  51-53;  tail  38-41;  bill  13-14. 

I  have  not  seen  any  male  from  the  type  locality,  but  one  each  from  Rio  Tigrfi  and 
Vista  Alegre  correspond  well  to  the  original  description.  The  former  has  the  spots 
on  the  median  and  greater  wing  coverts  bright  buff  as  in  M.  I.  leucophthalma,  whereas 
in  the  Vista  Alegre  bird  they  are  white,  tinged  with  light  buff  only  on  the  greater 
series.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula  leucophthalma  spodionota  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  The  two 
known  males  differ  from  leucophthalma  and  sororia  by  slate  gray  back,  only  the  fore- 
head and  upper  tail  coverts  being  washed  with  olive  brownish ;  darker  gray  sides  of 
neck  and  breast;  pure  white  apical  spots  to  the  wing  coverts  (in  one,  an  immature 
bird,  buff  on  the  greater  series).  Remiges  and  tail  as  in  sororia.  Wing  54,  55 ;  tail  37  , 
39;  bill  13^  I5-— C.  E.  H. 


144  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Myrmotherula  fulviventris  Lawrence.   FULVOUS-BELLIED  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  fulviventris  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  1862,  p.  468 
(Lion  Hill,  Panama;  types  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.). 

Myrmotherula  fulviventris  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  356 
(Lion  Hill;  crit.);  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  9,  1868,  p.  108  (Angos- 
tura, Costa  Rica);  WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  331  (Naranjo,  near  Bucaramanga, 
Santander);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  311  (Truando,  Panama,  Costa  Rica); 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  525  (Remedies,  Antioquia); 
BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  32,  1884,  p.  318  (Naranjo,  ex  WYATT);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  234  (Honduras  to  Ecuador);  SALVADORI 
and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  29  (Rio  Peripa,  w.  Ecua- 
dor); CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  607  (Caribbean  lowlands 
of  Costa  Rica;  habits,  eggs  descr.). 

Myrmotherula  ornata  ?  (not  of  SCLATER)  CASSIN,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
1860,  p.  191  (Rio  Truando). 

Myrmotherula-?  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  294  (Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador). 

Myrmotherula  viduata  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  492  (Cachabi,  nw.  Ecua- 
dor; type  in  Tring  Museum  examined;  =  9). 

Myrmotherula  fulviventris  viduata  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  612  (crit.; 
nw.  Ecuador);  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1162  (El  Tigre,  N6vita, 
Noanama,  w.  Colombia:  "Bogota";  crit.;  range);  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool., 
29,  1922,  p.  392  (type;  crit.). 

Myrmopagis  fulviventris  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  73 
(s.  Honduras  to  w.  Ecuador;  monogr.,  synon.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  374  (Alto  Bonito,  Juntas  de  Tamand,  Barbacoas, 
Pacific  Colombia;  Puerto  Valdivia,  La  Frijolera,  lower  Cauca;  Miraflores, 
c.  Andes;  Salencio,  Novitd,  Trail;  crit.);  STONE,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
70,  1918,  p.  261  (Gatun,  Panama);  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  65,  No.  6,  1922,  p.  207  (Mt.  Sap6,  Rio  Esnape,  Jesusito,  Darien). 

Khopias  fulviventris  salmoni  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (gth  sen),  2,  July 
1918,  p.  124  (Remedies,  n.  Colombia  [type]  and  Ecuador). 

Range:  From  southern  Honduras  (Rio  Segovia)  through  Central 
America  to  Panama,  Colombia  (Pacific  coast,  Cauca  and  Magdalena 
valleys)  and  western  Ecuador,  as  far  south  as  Santa  Rosa,  Prov.  del 
Oro.* 

6:  Panama  i;  Costa  Rica  (Siguirres  2);  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis, 
Lake  Nicaragua  2);  Colombia  (Puerto  Valdivia  i). 

•  After  examining  a  large  amount  of  material  (eight  from  Panama,  including 
Lawrence's  types;  nine  from  Darien;  seven  from  Pacific  Colombia;  seven  from  the 
Cauca  Valley;  twenty-two  from  w.  Ecuador),  I  am  no  longer  able  to  maintain 
viduata  as  distinct.  Birds  from  Panama  (topotypical  of  fulviventris)  are  in  every 
respect  similar  to  the  series  from  w.  Ecuador  (viduata),  having  the  upper  parts 
warm  brown,  inclining  to  russet  on  rump  as  well  as  on  the  edges  of  the  remiges  and 
rectrices,  and  the  foreneck  but  slightly  shaded  with  grayish.  Birds  from  the  lower 
Cauca  and  "Bogota"  collections,  which  unquestionably  represent  salmoni  are  not 
different  either.  Twelve  specimens  from  Costa  Rica  and  Nicaragua  are  slightly 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  145 

*Myrmotherula  atrogularis  Taczanowski.  BLACK-THROATED  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  atrogularis  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  137  (o*  from 
Amable  Maria,  Dept.  Junin;  9  from  Monterico,  Dept.  Ayacucho,  Peru),  530 
(same  localities);  idem,  1.  c.,  1882,  p.  30  (Huambo,  Dept.  Loreto);  idem,  Orn. 
P£rou,  2,  1884,  p.  41  (Amable  Maria,  Monterico,  Huambo);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  235  (Huambo). 

Myrmotherula  guayabambae  SHARPE,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  n,  1900,  p.  2  (Guayabamba 
[  =  Huayabamba],  n.  Peru;  type  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H. ;  =  9  ad.) ; 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  349  (crit.). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  Peru  (depts.  Loreto,  Huanuco,  Junin  and 
northern  Ayacucho)  and  northern  Bolivia  (Rio  San  Mateo,  Yungas 
of  Cochabamba)». 

5:     Peru  (Vista  Alegre  2,  Huachipa  3). 

*Mynnotherula  ornata  ornata  (Sclater).  CHESTNUT-RUMPED  ANT  WREN. 

Formicivora  ornata  SCLATER,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2nd  ser.),  5,  1853,  p.  480  ("Nova 
Grenada"  =  Bogota;  type  in  Coll.  T.  C.  Eyton,  now  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined; 
descr.  d");  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  147  (Bogota). 

Myrmotherula  ornata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  235  (monogr.,  descr. 
d",  9 ;  part,  Bogota);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  179,  pi.  15  (c?1,  9) 
(Bogota);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  236  (part;  spec,  a-j,  Bogota). 

Myrmopagis  ornata  ornata  CHAPMAN,  BulL  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917, 
P-  374i  (Buena  Vista,  se.  Colombia). 

Range :  Tropical  zone  of  eastern  Colombia, 
i:  Colombia  ("Bogotd"). 

Myrmotherula  ornata  saturata  (Chapman). b   ECUADORIAN  CHESTNUT- 
RUMPED  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmopagis  ornata  saturata  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  96,  Nov.  1923,  p.  9 
(upper  Suno  River,  e.  Ecuador). 

duller,  more  grayish  brown  above,  with  the  edges  to  the  quills  and  rectrices  almost  olive 
brown,  and  the  females  average  paler  ochraceous  underneath.  There  are,  however, 
so  many  exceptions  to  this  rule  that  I  do  not  feel  justified  in  separating  this  northern 
race  without  a  more  satisfactory  series.  It  will  be  noted  that  E.  Hartert,  when 
insisting  on  the  validity  of  his  viduata,  based  his  conclusions  on  the  comparison  of 
Ecuadorian  and  Costa  Rica  specimens  only,  while  he  admittedly  had  no  material 
from  Panama  (the  type  locality  of  fulviventris).  If  there  are  two  forms,  it  is,  how- 
ever, the  one  found  from  Costa  Rica  northward  that  requires  a  name,  since  birds 
from  Panama  prove  to  be  the  same  as  those  from  Colombia  and  Ecuador. — C.  E.  H. 

•  A  pair  from  San  Mateo  agree  well  with  (six)  specimens  from  Peru  (valley 
of  Huayabamba),  but  have  slightly  longer  bills.  No  material  examined  from  the 
type  locality.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula  ornata  saturata  (CHAPMAN)  :  More  deeply  colored  than 
M.  o.  ornata;  the  rump  in  both  sexes  chestnut  rather  than  Sanford's  brown;  male 
with  the  gray  areas  darker,  the  flanks  less  washed  with  olivaceous. 

The  single  female  examined  by  me  agrees  in  pattern  of  throat  with  M.  o.  ornata, 
but  has  the  rump  decidedly  deeper  chestnut  and  the  under  parts  slightly  darker. — 
C.  E.  H. 


146  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Hypocnemis  ornata  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  67 
(Rio  Napo). 

Myrmotherula  ornata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  235  (part;  Rio 
Napo);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  236  (part;  spec,  k-n,  Sarayacu, 
Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador);  SALVADOR:  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14, 
No.  362,  1899,  p.  29  (Zamora,  e.  Ecuador). 

Range:    Tropical  zone  of  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu, 
Zamora,  upper  Suno). 

Myrmotherula  ornata  hoffmannsi  Hellmayr.*  HOFFMANNS'S  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  ornata  hoffmannsi  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl. ,  16,  1906,  p.  84 
(Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z,  n.  Brazil);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  22  (Itai- 
tuba);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  511  (Villa  Braga,  Rio  Tapa- 
J6z),  532  (Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910, 
p.  349  (Calama,  Rio  Madeira);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914, 
p.  282  (Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins;  Boim,  Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapajtfz). 

Myrmotherula  ornata  (not  of  SCLATER)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  81 
(Salto  Theotonio,  Destacamento  do  Ribeirao,  Rio  Madeira;  spec,  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:    Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Tocantins 
to  the  Rio  Madeira. 

*Mynnotherula  haematonota  (Sclater).   RUFOUS-BACKED  ANT  WREN. 

Formicivora  haematonota  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  June  1857,  p.  48  (Chami- 
curos,  e.  Peru;  type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =  o"  juv.). 

Myrmotherula  haematonota  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  235  (Chami- 
curos;  descr.  o"  juv.);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1866,  p.  185  (upper  Ucayali, 
Marabitanas) ;  idem,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  750,  756  (Xeberos,  Chyavetas); idem, I.e., 
1873.  P-  274  (upper  Ucayali,  Xeberos,  Chyavetas,  Chamicuros,  e.  Peru); 
PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  81  (Borba,b  Rio  Madeira;  below  Santa  Bar- 
bara,11 Marabitanas,b  R.  Negro);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  30 
(Yurimaguas) ;  idem,  Oin.  P&rou,  2, 1884,  p.  40  (Peruvian  localities) ;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  235  (Chamicuros,b  Chyavetas, b  upper 
Ucayali, b  e.  Peru);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  70  (Teff6,  Rio  Soli- 
moes;  crit.),  384  (Borba,  Humaytha,  R.  Madeira);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910, 
p.  349  (Calama,  Rio  Madeira);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  205  (Rio 
Jurua);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  16  (Cachoeira,  R.  Purvis), 
511  (Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  282  (Boim, 

•  Myrmotherula  ornata  hoffmannsi  HELLMAYR:  Male  very  much  like  the  typical 
race,  but  of  a  clearer,  more  bluish  slate  gray  with  the  chestnut  dorsal  area  less 
extensive,  and  the  brownish  suffusion  on  the  flanks  more  restricted.  Female  quite 
different  from  that  of  ornata  by  having  the  throat  uniform  deep  ochraceous  like  the 
belly  (instead  of  black  spotted  with  white);  the  apical  spots  to  the  wing  coverts 
buff  instead  of  pure  white,  and  only  a  small  irregular  chestnut  patch  in  the  middle 
of  the  back,  instead  of  the  entire  back  and  rump  being  of  that  color.  Wing  (three 
50-53,  (three  9  9)  51-53;  tail  34-36,  once  39;  bill  14-15. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  147 

Pinhal,  Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z;  Cachoeira,  R.  Purusb);  CHERRIE,  Mus. 
Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  284  (upper  Orinoco,  above  the  second 
falls;  Suapure,  La  Union,  Caura  R.). 

Myrmotherula  pyrrhonota  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,'  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  1873, 
p.  1 60  (Marabi tanas, b  Rio  Negro  [which  I  designate  as  type  locality]  and 
"Oyapoc,  Cayenne")0;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  236  (same 
localities);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  73  (Nericagua, 
Munduapo,  upper  Orinoco;  Suapure,  La  Pricion,  Nicare,  Caura  R.b);  BER- 
LEPSCH, 1.  c.,  15,  1908,  p.  155  ("Oyapoc"). 

Myrmotherula  pyrrhonota  amazonica  JHERING,  Revista  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  May 
19O5.  P-  44O  (Rio  Jurud,  w.  Brazil;  types  in  Museu  Paulista  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.). 

Myrmopagis  haematonota  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917, 
p.  374  (La  Murelia,  Caqueta,  se.  Colombia). 

Range:  Venezuela  (Caura  Valley;  upper  Orinoco);  southeastern 
Colombia  (Caqueta  region);  northern  Brazil  (Rio  Negro,  Rio  Solimoes; 
south  of  the  Amazon  Valley  from  the  Tapajoz  westwards  to  the  Madeira, 
Jurud  and  Purus  rivers) ;  eastern  Peru.8 

i:   Peru  (Yurimaguas). 

*Myrmotherula  erythrura  Sclater*  RUFOUS-TAILED  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  erythrura  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  236,  pi.  15 
(o",  9)  (Rio  Napo  [type],  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuadorb);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA, 
Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  29  (Rio  Santiago,  e.  Ecuadorb); 
HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  to,  1920,  p.  97  (Yahuarmayo,  n.  Puno, 
se.  Peru;  crit.). 

Range:  Eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu,  Rio  Santiago)  and 
eastern  Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez,  Rio  Pichis,  eastern  Junin;  Yahuar- 
mayo, affluent  of  Rio  Inambari,  northern  Puno). 

5:   Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez). 

Myrmotherula  erythronotos  (Hartlaub).*  BLACK-BELLIED  ANT  WREN. 
Formicivora  erythronotos  HARTLAUB,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2nd  ser.),  4,  1852,  p.  4 
(Brasilia;  type  in  Hamburg  Museum;  =  o"). 

•  As  pointed  out  elsewhere  (Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  70)  there  does  not  appear 
to  be  any  constant  difference  between  specimens  from  Peru  (haematonota)  and 
others  from  the  Rio  Negro-Orinoco  district  (pyrrhonota),  the  supposed  characters 
being  attributable  partly  to  age,  partly  to  individual  variation. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

•  The  locality  "Oyapoc,  Cayenne"  attached  to  some  specimens  bought  from 
Madame  Verdey  (of  Paris)  requires  confirmation. 

d  Myrmotherula  erythrura  SCLATER:  This  rare  species  is  nearest  to  M.  haema- 
tonota, but  may  be  distinguished  by  its  longer,  bright  rufous  tail  and  by  the  male 
having  the  throat  uniform  pale  cinereous  like  the  chest,  besides  several  minor 
characters.  Seventeen  specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

•  Myrmotherula  erythronotos  (HARTLAUB)  :    Adult  male  with  head  all  round,  hind 
neck  and  breast  slate  black,  abdomen  slate  gray,  lower  flanks  washed  with  pale 
brownish;  sides  of  breast,  axillaries  and  broad  margin  along  inner  web  of  quills 


148  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Formicivora  erythronota  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  75 
("Neu  Freiburg,"  Prov.  Rio;  descr.  o*  ad.  and  imm.). 

Myrmotherula  erythronota  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  236  (se.  Brazil, 
Prov.  Rio;  descr.  o",  9 );  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  237  (se.  Brazil; 
descr.  o",  9);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  I,  1907,  p.  206  (Novo  Friburgo,  Prov. 
Rio). 

Range:   Southeastern  Brazil,  Prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro.* 

Myrmotherula  axillaris  luctuosa  Pelzeln.b   MOURNING  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  luctuosa  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  82,  153  (part, 
descr.  of  c?  only;  types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  Bahia, 
e.  Brazil). 

Myiothera  fuliginosa  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2), 
1831,  p.  1067  (se.  Brazil;  descr.  cf,  9). 

Myrmothera  axillaris  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb., 
(6th  sen),  3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  478  (Rio  de  Janeiro;  descr.  o" ,  9). 

Formicivora  axillaris  (errore)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  76 
(Rio  de  Janeiro;  descr.  d"). 

Myrmothera  axillaris  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  236  (part;  Rio  de 
Janeiro). 

Myrmotherula  melanogastra  (not  of  SPIX)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  81 
(Sapitiba,  Rio  de  Janeiro;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  240  (Pernambuco,  Bahia,  e.  Brazil);  HARTERT,  Kat. 
Samml.  Mus.  Senckenb.  Ges.,  1891,  p.  112  (Brazil;  descr.  9,  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.  in  Frankfurt  Museum). 

Myrmotherula  melanogaster  (errore)  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  1900,  p.  158 
(Cantagallo). 

Myrmophila  melanogastra  (errore)  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1874,  p.  86  (Canta- 
gallo, Prov.  Rio). 

silky  white;  back  chestnut  rufous;  lesser  upper  wing  coverts  white,  the  remaining 
ones  black,  with  narrow  white  apical  edges;  upper  tail  coverts  slate  gray;  remiges 
and  tail  dull  black.  The  immature  male  has  the  top  and  sides  of  the  head  dark  slate 
gray  instead  of  black.  The  female  differs  by  having  the  pileum,  hind  neck  and  upper 
tail  coverts  olive  brownish;  the  upper  wing  coverts  blackish  brown  with  broader 
buff  edges;  the  sides  of  the  head  and  under  parts  light  ochraceous,  except  for  the 
lateral  portion  of  the  breast  and  axillaries  which  are  silky  white  as  in  the  male. 

Wing  (three  0*0",  one  9)  48^-50;  tail  40-43;  bill  13^-14- — C.  E.  H. 
•  The  only  ascertained  locality  is  Novo  Friburgo. 

b  Myrmotherula  axillaris  luctuosa  PELZELN:  Male  differs  from  typical  axillaris 
by  having  much  less  white  on  the  flanks,  these  parts  being  mostly  pale  gray  or 
grayish  white,  and  by  the  longer  white  tips  to  the  lateral  rectrices;  female  easily  dis- 
tinguishable by  ashy  pileum  and  hind  neck,  grayish  olive  (instead  of  light  brown) 
back;  less  russet  margins  of  the  quills,  and  distinct,  dull  buffy  apical  spots  to  the 
upper  wing  coverts.  Seventeen  specimens  (ten  o"o",  two  9  9  from  Bahia,  one  cf 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  one  9  Sapitiba,  one  cf,  two  9  9  from  Espirito  Santo)  examined 
by  C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  149 

Myrmotherula  axillaris  luctuosa  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  1906,  p.  664,  665  (crit.;  descr.  d\  9 ,  e.  Brazil,  from  Pernambuco  to 
Rio  de  Janeiro*);  JHERING,  Cat.  P.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  206  (Porto  Cachoeiro, 
Pao  Gigante,  Espirito  Santo;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Myrmopagis  axillaris  luctuosa  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12,  (2),  1920,  p.  98 
(Ilh6os-Belmonte,  s.  Bahia). 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Pernambuco,  Bahia,  Espirito 
Santo  and  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

*Myrmotherula  axillaris  axillaris  (  Vieilloi).  WHITE-FLANKED  ANT 
WREN. 

Myrmothcra  axillaris  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  12,  1817, 
p.  113  ("La  Guyane"  =  Cayenne) ;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  meiid.,  Ois., 
1838,  p.  183  (Yuracares,  Bolivia). 

Myiothera  fuliginosa  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  45, 
No.  483  (part;  spec,  ex  Cayenne). 

Thamnophilus  melanogaster  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  1825,  p.  31,  pi.  43,  fig.  i  (=c?) 
(Curupa  =  Gurupa,  delta  of  the  Amazon,  n.  Brazil;  type  in  Munich  Museum 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  see  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  1906,  p.  664). 

TamnophUus  Lafresnayanus  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.f  i,  in  Mag. 
Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  1837,  p.  13  (Yuracares,  ne.  Bolivia;  type  in  Paris  Museum 
examined;  =  9  ;  see  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  203). 

Formicivora  Lafresnayana  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  mend.,  Ois.,  1838  p.  182, 
pi.  6,  fig.  i  (Yuracares;  =9). 

Myrmotherula  axillaris  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  236  (part;  Trini- 
dad, Cayenne,  Brit.  Guiana,  Bolivia,  upper  Amazon);  TAYLOR,  Ibis,  1864, 
p.  85  (Trinidad);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  82  (Villa  Maria  [  =  San 
Luis  de  Caceres],  Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso,  S.  Vicente,  w.  Matto 
Grosso;  Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.) ; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  186  (upper  Ucayali,  e.  Peru); 
idem,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  576  (Capim  River);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  274  (part;  upper 
Ucayali,  Xeberos,  Chamicuros,  Santa  Cruz,  e.  Peru);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1882,  p.  30  ( Yurimaguas) ;  idem,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  47  (part; 
upper  Ucayali,  Xeberos,  Chamicuros,  Chyavetas);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  425 
(Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Merum6  Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  238  (Guiana,  Lower  Amazonia,  Trinidad);  CHAP- 
MAN, Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6,  1894,  P-  51  (Princestown,  Trinidad); 
BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  73  (Suapure,  La  Pricion, 
Nicare,  Caura  River,  Venezuela);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  1904, 
p.  176  (Ouanary,  Saint  Georges-d'Oyapock,  French  Guiana);  BERLEPSCH, 
Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  155  (Cayenne,  Rio  Approuague,  Ipousin,  French 
Guiana);  HELLMAYR,  1.  c.,  13,  1906,  p.  32  (Caparo,  Trinidad);  CHERRIE, 
Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  I,  No.  13,  1908,  p.  366  (Carenage,  Trinidad); 

•  The  range  does  not  extend  farther  south  than  Rio  de  Janeiro.  Sao  Paulo  was 
included  on  the  authority  of  Jhering's  record  (Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  5,  1902,  p.  275) 
which,  by  examination  of  the  specimens,  turned  out  to  be  referable  to  M.  minor. — 
C.  E.  H. 


150  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  440  (Rio  Jurua);  idem,  Cat.  P.  Braz.  , 
i,  1907,  p.  206  (R.  Jurua);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Phil. 
Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  49  (crit.;  Bolivia);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith., 
56,  1908,  p.  16  (Cachoeira,  R.  Puriis),  511  (Goyana,  Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapa- 
J6z),  532  (Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914, 
p.  284  (numerous  localities  in  Lower  Amazonia). 

Myrtnotherula  axillaris  melanogastra  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  28 
(Diamantina,  near  Santarem). 

Myr mother ula  axillaris  axillaris  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss., 
22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  665  (crit.;  Guianas,  Amazonia,  n.  Bolivia);  idem,  Nov. 
Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  368  (S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  Para) ;  idem,  1.  c.,  14,  1907,  p.  22 
(Itaituba,  R.  Tapaj6z),  69  (Teff6),  383  (Humaytha,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira); 
idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  349  (Maroins,  Rio  Machados);  idem,  Abhandl.  math, 
phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  46  (Peixe-Boi,  Ipitinga),  92 
(Pard  localities);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  203  (Bolivia;  crit.). 

Myrmopagis  axillaris  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  282 
(Suapure,  Nicare,  La  Pricion,  Caura  R.);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2, 
1921,  p.  30  (British  Guiana);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
62,  1918,  p.  68  (Paramaribo,  Lelydorp,  Surinam). 

Myrmotherula  melaena  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SAL  YIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1866,  p.  186  (lower  Ucayali);  idem,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  750  (Xeberos,  Chyavetas); 
idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  274  (lower  Ucayali,  Xeberos,  Chyavetas,  Chamicuros); 
TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  48  (part;  Ucayali,  Xeberos,  Chyavetas, 
Chamicuros,  Yurimaguas);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  239 
(part;  spec,  n,  o,  q,  r,  Xeberos,  Chamicuros,  ne.  Peru). 

Range:  Trinidad;  eastern  Venezuela  (Caura  Valley);  Guianas; 
northern  Brazil,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Amazon  so  far  west  as  the 
Rio  Jamunda,  south  of  the  river  from  Maranhao  west  to  eastern  Peru 
(Yurimaguas,  lower  Huallaga;  Ucayali),  south  to  western  Matto 
Grosso  (Rio  Guapore"),  northern  Bolivia,  and  southeastern  Peru 
(Yahuarmayo,  Rio  Inambari,  northern  Puno).8 

18:  French  Guiana  (Saint-Jean-du-Maroni  i);  Brazil,  (Conceigao  3, 
Serra  Grande,  Rio  Branco  i,  Tury-assii,  Maranhao  3);  Bolivia  (Rio 
San  Antonio  2,  Rio  Espirito  Santo  i);  Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez  2, 
Moyobamba  2,  Rioja  i,  Yurimaguas  2). 

*  In  spite  of  this  extensive  range,  I  have  not  been  able  to  make  out  any  local 
variation,  at  least  as  far  as  the  male  sex  is  concerned.  A  large  series  from  Trinidad, 
French  Guiana,  the  Caura  Valley  and  Lower  Amazonia  (Para  district,  including 
the  type  of  T.  melanogaster  SPIX)  appear  to  be  inseparable  from  ten  examples 
secured  in  se.  Peru  (Yahuarmayo)  and  n.  Bolivia.  Birds  from  the  Ucayali  and  Puerto 
Bermudez  (Rio  Pichis)  are  typically  gray  backed,  exactly  like  others  from  the 
Guianas.  In  n.  Peru,  Dept.  Loreto  (Chyavetas,  Yurimaguas,  Moyobamba,  Rioja), 
however,  axillaris  intergrades  with  melaena,  some  specimens  being  more  like  the 
former,  others  hardly  distinguishable  from  the  latter,  to  which  I  have  no  hesita- 
tion in  referring  a  number  of  adult  males  taken  at  Iquitos  and  Pebas,  north  bank 
of  the  Marafton.  Females  show  certain  differences,  but  my  material  is  top  scanty 
to  make  sure  whether  they  are  of  individual  or  racial  significance.  Eighty-six 
specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  151 

*Myrmotherula  axillaris  melaena  (Sclater).   BLACK  ANT  WREN. 

Formicivora  melaena  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  Oct.  1857,  p.  239  ("Bogota," 
Colombia;  descr.  o*). 

Myrmotherula  melaena  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  237  (Bogota;  descr. 
cf);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  82  (Marabitanas,  Rio  Icanna,  Rio 
Negro  district;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  TACZANOW- 
SKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  48  (part;  Iquitos,  ne.  Peru);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  239  (part;  spec,  h-k,  1,  m,  p,  s-v,  Bogotd,  Sarayacu, 
e.  Ecuador;  Pebas,  Iquitos,  ne.  Peru);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool., 
9,  1902,  p.  74  (Maipures,  Perico,  Bichaco,  Munduapo,  R.  Orinoco;  Sara- 
yacu, e.  Ecuador;  descr.  nest  and  eggs;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Formicivora  axillaris  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855, 
p.  147  (Bogota). 

Myrmotherula  axillaris  (errore)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867, 
p.  978  (Pebas);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  274  (part;  Pebas);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn. 
Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  47  (part;  Pebas). 

Myrmopagis  axillaris  melaena  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
I9I7f  P-  374  (Florencia,  La  Morelia,  se.  Colombia). 

Myrmopagis  melaena  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  68  (part; 
Bogotd,  e.  Ecuador,  ne.  Peru);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
1916,  p.  282  (River  Orinoco,  from  the  first  falls  upwards;  nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Myrmopagis  melaena  melaena  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 
1922,  p.  311  (Fundacion,  Trojas  de  Cataca,  Santa  Marta  region). 

Range:  Venezuela  (upper  Orinoco,  from  the  Falls  of  Maipures 
upwards,  and  in  southern  Zulia) ;  eastern  Colombia,  from  the  mouth  of 
the  Rio  Magdalena  southwards,  also  on  the  eastern  base  of  the  eastern 
Andes,  Colombia,  and  in  northwestern  Brazil,  on  the  upper  Rio  Negro ; 
eastern  Ecuador,  and  northeastern  Peru  (Pebas,  Iquitos,  north  bank 
of  Rio  Maranon).* 

5:   Colombia  ("Bogota"  i);  Venezuela  (Orope,  Zulia  4). 

*Myrmotherula  axillaris  albigula  Lawrence*  LAWRENCE'S  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  albigula  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  8,  1867,  p.  131  (Pan- 
ama Railroad,  descr.  9  ;  see  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  317  [crit.]). 

Myrmotherula  axillaris  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  5, 
1908,  p.  8  (Rio  Sicsola,  Costa  Rica). 

Myrmotherula  melaena  (not  of  SCLATER)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  3"  (Truando, 
Panama,  Costa  Rica);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  525 

•  Birds  from  Iquitos  agree  perfectly  with  those  from  "Bogota",  while  a  series 
from  the  upper  Orinoco  and  two  males  from  the  Rio  Negro  are  less  blackish,  pointing 
toward  M.  a.  axillaris.  Twenty-six  specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula,  axillaris  albigula  LAWRENCE:  Male  averaging  darker,  more  of  a 
jet  black;  female  duller  buff  below,  with  more  dusky  suffusion  on  the  chest.  This  is 
not  a  very  well  marked  race,  and  its  characters  are  appreciable  only  when  series 
are  compared.  Fifteen  specimens  from  Costa  Rica,  w.  Colombia  and  w.  Ecuador 
•examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


152  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

(Neche,  Antioquia);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  239  (part; 
spec,  a-g,  Angostura,  Costa  R:ca;  Panama;  Antioquia,  Colombia);  SALVA- 
DOR: and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  30  (Rio  Peripa, 
w.  Ecuador);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  64  (Santo  Domingo,  w.  Ecuador); 
CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  608  (Caribbean  lowlands  of 
Costa  Rica). 

Myrmotherula  axillaris  meaelna  (typog.  err.)  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911, 
p.  1162  (N6vita,  w.  Colombia). 

Myrmopagis  melaena  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  68  (part; 
s.  Honduras  to  Panama,  w.  Colombia  [Rio  Truando,  Turbo,  Neche]  and 
w.  Ecuador). 

Myrmopagis  axillaris  albigula  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917, 
P-  375  (Alto  Bonito,  Dabeiba,  Baudo,  Juntas  de  Tamana,  N6vita,  S.  Jos6, 
Barbacoas,  w.  Colombia;  Puerto  Valdivia,  lower  Cauca);  BANGS  and  B  AR- 
BOUR, Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  1922,  p.  207  (Mt.  Sap6,  Rio  Esnape,  Rio 
Jesusito,  Darien). 

Range:  From  southern  Honduras  (Rio  Segovia),  Costa  Rica,  and 
Panama  through  Pacific  Colombia  (ranging  east  to  the  lower  Cauca 
(Puerto  Valdivia)  and  its  affluent,  the  Rio  Neche)  to  western  Ecuador. 

3:   Costa  Rica  (Siguirres  2,  Orosi  i). 

*Myrmotherula    schisticolor    schisticolor    (Lawrence).     LAWRENCE'S 
SLATY  ANT  WREN. 

Formicivora  schisticolor  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  8,  1865,  p.  173  (Tur- 
rialba,  Costa  Rica;  descr.  c?  juv.);  idem,  1.  c.,  9,  1869,  p.  108  (Turrialba, 
Barranca,  Costa  Rica). 

Myrmotherula  modesta  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  9,  March  1869,  p. 
108  (Grecia,  Costa  Rica;  =  9  ad.). 

Myrmotherula  nigro-rufa  BOUCARD,  Ann.  Soc.  Linn.  Lyon,  (n.  s.),  25,  1878,  p.  48 
(types,  o"  juv.  from  Naranjo,  Costa  Rica,  9  from  "Guatemala,"  now  in 
Paris  Museum,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Myrmotherula  menetriesi*  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860, 
p.  67  (Pallatanga),  89  (Nanegal,  w.  Ecuador);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B., 
1862,  p.  180  (part;  spec,  d,  e,  Pallatanga,  Nanegal);  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1867, 
p.  144  (Santiago  de  Veragua);  idem,  1.  c.,  1870,  p.  195  (Calovevora,  Chitra, 
Bugaba,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui);  idem,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  3IO>  311  (crit.;  Veragua, 
Chiriqui,  Costa  Rica;  Vera  Paz,  Guatemala);  BOUCARD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1878,  p.  61  (Naranjo  de  Cartago,  Costa  Rica);  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZAN- 
OWSKI,  1.  c.,  1883,  p.  564  (part;  Chimbo);  idem,  1.  c.,  1884,  p.  302  (Surupata, 
w.  Ecuador);  ZELEDON,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Costa  Rica,  i,  1887,  p.  115  (Bar- 
ranca, Pozo  Azul  de  Pirris,  Costa  Rica);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  240  (part;  spec,  a-z,  Guatemala,  Costa  Rica,  Veragua,  Chiriqui; 
Pallatanga,  Nanegal,  w.  Ecuador);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ., 
Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  211  (part;  Guatemala,  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica,  Panama; 
w.  Ecuador);  CHERRIE,  Anal.  Inst.  Fis.-Geog.  Costa  Rica,  6,  1893,  p.  19 

•  Sometimes  spelled  menetriesii. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  153 

(Pozo  del  Pital,  Costa  Rica);  idem,  Expl.  Zool.  me'rid.  Costa  Rica,  1893, 
p.  41  (Lagarto,  Boruca,  Terraba,  sw.  Costa  Rica);  SALVADOR:  and  FESTA, 
Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 1899,  p.  30  (Peripa,  w.  Ecuador) ;  GOODFELLOW, 
Ibis,  1902,  p.  65  (Gualea,  w.  Ecuador);  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3, 
1902,  p.  41  (Boquete,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui);  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  1907,  p.  296 
(Boruca,  Pozo  del  Rio  Grande,  sw.  Costa  Rica);  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Mes. 
Arc  Mend.  Equat.,  9,  1911,  p.  B  33  ("Quito"). 

Myrmotherula  schisticolor  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  1903, 
p.  210  (crit.,  part;  Guatemala  and  Central  America);  MENEGAUX  and 
HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  50  (crit.). 

Myrmotherula  menetriesi  schisticolor  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910, 
p.  609  (Costa  Rica;  habits). 

Myrmopagis  schisticolor  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  70 
(part;  Guatemala  to  Panama). 

Myrmotherula  schisticolor  schisticolor  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1163 
(Siat6,  w.  Colombia;  crit.). 

Myrmopagis  schisticolor  schisticolor  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  375  (Alto  Bonito,  Rio  Atrato;  Las  Lomitas,  S.  Antonio,  Ricaurte, 
w.  Andes;  La  Frijolera,  Miraflores,  Cauca  R.). 

Range:  Central  America,  from  Guatemala  to  Panama,  and  western 
Colombia  (coast  range,  Cauca  Valley,  western  slope  of  central  Andes) 
and  western  Ecuador,  south  to  Prov.  El  Oro.a 

7:  Nicaragua  (San  Rafael  del  Norte  i);  Costa  Rica  (Boruca  3, 
Lagarto  i);  Panama  (Boquete  i);  Ecuador  (Chimbo  i). 


Myrmotherula   schisticolor   sanctae-martae    Allen*    SANTA   MARTA 
ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  sanctae-martae  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  1900, 

p.  1 60  (Valparaiso,  Santa  Marta  Mts.,  n.  Colombia  [type];  Los  Palmales, 

Bermudez,  ne.  Venezuela;  descr.  cf). 
Hylophilus  brunneus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  1900,  p.  171  (Las 

Nubes,  Santa  Marta  Mts.;  =  9  ad.,  see  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  20,  1913, 

P-  235)- 
Myrmotherula  sp.  ind.,  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  168  (Caripe, 

Bermudez). 

*  Birds  from  Colombia  and  w.  Ecuador  are  possibly  separable  subspecifically. 
While  males  (of  which  I  have  examined  a  good  series)  do  not  differ  from  Central 
American  specimens,  two  females  (one  from  Lita,  Prov.  Esmeraldas;  the  other  from 
Siat6,  w.  Colombia)  approach  M.  s.  interior  by  their  dusky  brown  tail  and  dull 
grayish  olive  back,  the  latter  being,  however,  not  pure  slate  gray  as  in  the  last  named 
race.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula  schisticolor  sanctae-martae  ALLEN:  Male  differs  from  M.  s.  schisti- 
color in  having  the  black  color  below  restricted  to  throat  and  middle  of  foreneck, 
while  the  female  is  usually  more  of  a  grayish,  less  brownish  olive  above.  Twenty- 
four  specimens  (two  from  Santa  Marta  region,  six  from  Carabobo,  sixteen  from 
Bermudez)  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


154  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myrmotherula  menetriesi  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lend,  1869,  p.  252  (San  Esteban,  Carabobo);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  240  (part;  spec,  b',  c',  "Puerto  Cabello,"  San  Esteban,  Ven- 
ezuela). 

Myrmotherula  schisticolor  sanctae-martac  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911, 
p.  1163,  in  text  (crit.;  range);  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78, 
A,  Heft  5,  1912,  p.  124  (Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo;  Los  Palmales,  Que- 
brada  Secca,  Bermudez;  crit.). 

Myrmopagis  schisticolor  sanctae-martae  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
33,  1914,  p.  615,  616  in  text  (from  the  Santa  Marta  district  along  the  Carib- 
bean coast  region  of  Venezuela  to  Cristobal  Colon,  Paria  peninsula'); 
TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922,  p.  310  (Valparaiso, 
Cincinnati,  Santa  Marta  district). 

Range :  Subtropical  zone  in  the  Caribbean  coast  region  of  northern 
Colombia  (Santa  Marta  district)  and  northern  Venezuela  (in  states  of 
Carabobo  and  Bermudez). 

*Myrmotherula  schisticolor  interior  (Chapman}.*    CHAPMAN'S  SLATY 
ANT  WREN. 

Myrmopagis  schisticolor  interior  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  33,  1914, 
p.  614  (Buena  Vista,  east  slope  of  e.  Andes  above  Villavicencio,  Colombia; 
type  in  Coll.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c.,  36, 
1917,  p.  375  (La  Palma,  La  Candela,  near  S.  Agustin,  east  slope  of  c.  Andes; 
Aguadita,  near  Bogotd;  Buena  Vista  and  La  Morelia,  e.  Colombia). 

Myrmotherula  menetriesi  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1874,  p.  530  (Amable  Maria,0  Paltaypampa,  c.  Peru);  idem,  1.  c.,  1882, 
p.  30  (Huambo,  n.  Peru);  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  1884,  p.  45  (Amable  Maria, 
Huambo);  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  564  (part; 
spec,  ex  Bogota);  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  1.  c.,  1885,  p.  101  (Machay, 
Mapoto,  e.  Ecuador0);  BERLEPSCH,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  4,  1887,  p.  185 
(Bogotd0). 

Myrmotherula  schisticolor  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN, 
Orm's,  13,  1906,  p.  117  (Huaynapata,  Marcapata0). 

•  The  males  from  Tumatumari,  British  Guiana,  and  Mount  Duida,  mentioned 
by  P.  M.  Chapman,  prove,  on  examination,  to  belong  to  M.  longipennis. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula  schisticolor  interior  (CHAPMAN)  :  Male  similar  to  M .  s.  schisticolor, 
but  the  black  pectoral  area  usually  less  extended  abdominally,  and  the  black-and- 
white  apical  markings  on  the  rectrices  barely  indicated;  female  much  more  different, 
having  the  back  slate  gray,  instead  of  brownish  or  buffy  olive,  the  tail  and  wings 
exteriorly  margined  with  olivaceous  brown  instead  of  russet,  and  the  upper  wing 
coverts  dusky  rather  than  russet  brown. 

Females  from  Peru  (Huachipa  and  Marcapata)  agree  well  with  four  from  Buena 
Vista  and  one  from  Machay,  eastern  Ecuador,  though  some  have  the  crown  more 
strongly  washed  with  buffy  while  others  are  much  deeper  ochraceous  beneath. 
Another  specimen  from  Marcapata  (Huaynapata),  with  brownish  olive  back,  is 
hardly  distinguishable  from  certain  west  Ecuadorian  females.  Nineteen  specimens 
(4  Buena  Vista,  4  "Bogota";  2  Machay,  eastern  Ecuador;  i  Amable  Maria,  5 
Huachipa,  3  Marcapata)  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

0  Specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  155 

Range :  Subtropical  zone  of  eastern  Colombia  (eastern  slope  of  cen- 
tral Andes;  eastern  Andes),  eastern  Ecuador  and  eastern  Peru  (in 
depts.  Loreto,  Huanuco,  Junin,  Cuzco),  south  to  the  Valley  of  Mar- 
capata." 

6:   Colombia  ("Bogota"  i);  Peru  (Huachipa,  Dept.  Hudnuco  5). 

*Mynnotherula  longipennis  longipennis  Pelzeln*     LONG-WINGED  ANT 
WREN. 

Myrmotherula  longipennis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  82,  153 
(Rio  Negro,  Marabitanas;  types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.; 
descr.  d",  9°);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  426  (Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Brit. 
Guiana);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  241  (part;  descr.  of  d1 
only;  spec,  a-e,  i,  j,  m,  n,  Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa;  Oyapoc,  Cayenne; 
Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  BERLEPSCH 
and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  74  (Suapure,  La  Union,  La  Pricion, 
Nicare,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  JHERING,  Rev. 
Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  441,  pi.  15,  fig.  i  (  =  c?)  (Rio  Jurua;  spec,  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  207  (Rio  Jurua;  Santarem); 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (9th  sen),  8,  1906, 
p.  51  (Cayenne;  crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  69  (Teffe,  Rio 
Solimoes),  383  (Borba,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  350  (Maroins, 
Rio  Machados);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  156  (Ipousin,  Rio 
Approuague);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Omith.,  56,  1908,  p.  511  (Villa  Braga, 
Rio  Tapaj6z) ;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p-  285  (part;  Xingu  [Victoria], 
Rio  Tapaj6z  [Villa  Braga],  Rio  Jamauchim  [Sta.  Elena];  Rio  Jary  [S.  Antonio 
da  Cachoeira]);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  284 
(Caura  Valley). 

Myiothera  pusilla  (Cuvier  Ms.)  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855, 
P-  335  (part;  descr.  9 ,  Cayenne). 

Myrmophila  vavasouri  CHUBB,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  38,  1918,  p.  83  (Ituribisci  River, 
Brit.  Guiana;  types  in  Coll.  McConnell);  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921, 
p.  32  (Ituribisci,  Supenaam,  Makauria  R.f  Anarica  R.,  Bartica,  Camacusa). 

•  F.  M.  Chapman  (1.  c.,  p.  615)  extends  its  range  east  to  the  "Tropical  zone  of 
the  Orinoco";  but  the  five  females  from  Suapure  and  Mato  River,  Caura  district, 
and  the  foot  of  Mt.  Duida,  upon  which  this  statement  is  based,  turn  out  to  belong 
to  M.  menetriesi  cinereiventris  and  M.  m.  pallida  respectively. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula  1.  longipennis  PELZELN:  This  species  is  more  nearly  related  to 
AT.  schisticolor  than  to  any  other  member  of  the  genus,  both  agreeing  very  well  in 
proportions,  and  in  shape  of  bill.  The  male  may,  however,  easily  be  recognized  by  the 
decidedly  clearer  slate  gray  of  the  plumage,  especially  below;  by  the  black  gular 
patch  being  rounded  posteriorly  and  restricted  to  throat  and  middle  of  foreneck; 
by  the  large  white  tips  to  the  rectrices;  by  the  lesser  wing  coverts  and  outer  scapulars 
being  white,  forming  an  extensive  shoulder  patch.  The  female  is  even  more  distinct, 
having  only  throat,  foreneck  and  under  tail  coverts  buff,  while  the  abdomen  is 
extensively  white  medially,  shaded  with  brownish  olive  or  grayish  brown  along  the 
flanks.— C.  E.  H. 

"The  type,  No.  15,226  d1  ad.,  March  14,  1831,  is  from  Marabitanas,  upper 
Rio  Negro.  Another  male  was  obtained  on  November  n,  1830,  on  the  lower  Rio 
Negro,  half  way  between  Manaos  and  Ayrao,  and  a  young  female  at  Santa  Barbara, 
above  Sao  Gabriel,  on  January  7,  1831.— C.  E.  H. 


156  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 


Formicivora  menetriesi  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  1858, 
p.  67  (Rio  Napo;  spec,  now  in  Brit.  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Myrmotherula  menetriesi  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  1858,  p.  237  (part;  Rio 
Napo);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  180  (part;  Rio  Napo). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  eastern  Venezuela 
(Rio  Yuruan*;  Caura  Valley  ;  foot  of  Mt.  Duida,  upper  Orinoco*1)  ;  north- 
ern Brazil  (Rio  Jary  ;  Rio  Negro  ;  south  of  the  Amazon  from  the  Xingu 
westwards,  south  to  northern  Matto  Grosso,0  west  to  the  Rio  Jurua 
and  Teffe",  R.  Solimoes);  eastern  Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez,  Rio  Pichis, 
eastern  Junin);  eastern  Ecuador;  southeastern  Colombia  (Cuembi, 
Rio  Putumayod).e 

i:   Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez). 

4  Male  and  female  in  the  Carnegie  Museum,  Pittsburgh.  —  C.  E.  H. 

b  An  adult  male  in  the  American  Museum  of  Nat.  Hist.,  New  York.  —  C.  E.  H. 

0  Specimens  from  Barao  Melgaco  and  Roosevelt  River  in  the  same  Museum.  — 
C.  E.  H. 

d  A  female  obtained  by  G.  Hopke  in  the  Berlepsch  Collection.  —  C.  E.  H. 

«  With  more  ample  material  it  might  be  possible  to  subdivide  the  typical  form 
into  two  local  races.  Males  from  French  and  British  Guiana  (M.  vavasouri)  are 
absolutely  indistinguishable  from  the  typical  examples,  secured  by  Natterer  on 
the  Rio  Negro,  the  belly  and  sides  of  the  head  being  of  a  rather  dark,  uniform  slate 
gray.  In  describing  M.  vavasouri,  C.  Chubb  evidently  compared  his  Guianan  speci- 
mens with  the  male  from  the  Capim  River,  which  is  indeed  much  paler  ("ash  gray"), 
but  it  belongs  to  M.  I.  paraensis\  A  series  from  Venezuela  (Caura-Orinoco  basin) 
are  not  separable  either,  although  some  are  slightly  paler  on  the  belly. 

Males  from  south  of  the  Amazon  (Borba,  Maroins,  Rio  Jurud,  Rio  Roosevelt, 
Puerto  Bermudez)  average  lighter  below  and  have  the  cheeks  and  auriculars  dis- 
tinctly streaked  with  silvery  white.  They  are,  however,  not  so  light-colored  as 
M.  I.  paraensis,  and  the  females  are  much  nearer  longipennis.  Two  from  Calama  (Rio 
Madeira)  and  Maroins  (R.  Machados),  in  coloration  of  under  parts,  agree  with 
longipennis,  and  differ  from  Guianan  specimens  only  by  slightly  duller,  less  russet 
back,  wing  coverts  and  quills.  A  female  from  "Teodoro  River"  (  =  Rio  Roosevelt, 
northern  Matto  Grosso),  on  the  other  hand,  is  an  exact  duplicate  of  longipennis, 
as  far  as  the  upper  parts  are  concerned,  but  it  approaches  paraensis  by  its  brighter 
ochreous  throat  and  chest,  and  by  having  the  belly  tinged  with  buffy. 


MEASUREMENTS 

ADULT  MALES  WING 

One  from  Marabi  tanas  (type)  61 

One  from  lower  Rio  Negro  60 

Six  from  French  Guiana  58,59,60,62,62,62 

Five  from  British  Guiana  59,60,61,61,63 

One  from  Rio  Yuruan,  Venezuela  63 

Four  from  Rio  Caura,  Venezuela  58,60,61, 

One  from  foot  of  Mt.  Duida,  Venezuela  61 

Three  from  e.  Ecuador  (Napo)  59,60,62 

One  from  Puerto  Bermudez,  Peru  60 

One  from  Teff6,  Rio  Solimoes  58 

One  from  Borba,  Rio  Madeira  63 

One  from  Maroins,  Rio  Machados  57 

One  from  Rio  Jurua  59 
Two  from  n.  Matto  Grosso  (Barao  Melgago 

and  Rio  Roosevelt)  58,61  ^ 


TAIL 

37 

36 

35.36,36,38, 

38,38^ 

34X.37.37. 

37,39 

37 

34.36,36,36 

37 

34.36,36 
35 
33 
36 

30  (!) 
31 

33.34 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  157 

Mynnotherula  longipennis  paraensis  (Todd).*   PARA  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmopagis  paraensis  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  33,  1920,  p.  73  (Benevides, 
Para,  ne.  Brazil;  descr.  o",  9). 

Myrmotherula  brevicauda  (not  of  SWAINSON)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1867,  p.  376  (Capim  R. ;  o"  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Myrmotherula  longipennis  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  241  (part;  spec,  g,  Capim  River);  HELLMAVR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  1905, 
p.  286  (Igarap6  Assii);  idem,  1.  c.,  13,  1906,  p.  369  (S.  Antonio  do  Prata); 
SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  285  (R.  Capim,  Guama;  spec, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 
Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  46  (Peixe-Boi),  92  (Pard  localities);  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  285  (part;  Para,  Providencia,  Ananindeua, 
Benevides,  Sta.  Isabel,  Castanhal,  Peixe-Boi,  Ourem,  R.  Guama;  Resacca, 
R.  Capim,  Par£  district). 

Myrmotherula  menetriesii  cinereiventris  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  HELLMAYR, 
Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  45  (part; 
9  9,  No.  1,165,  1,166,  Peixe-Boi). 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  Para  district,  from  the  Tocantins  east 
to  the  Guama. 

Mynnotherula  minor  Salvadori.b  SALVADORI'S  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  minor  SALVADORI,  Atti  Soc.  Ital.  Sci.  Nat.,  7,  1864,  p.  157  (Brazil; 
type  in  Turin  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =  cT);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl. 

ADULT  FEMALES  WING  TAIL 

One  from  Rio  Negro  57  36 

Two  from  French  Guiana  56,  58  35,37 

One  from  British  Guiana  57  36 

One  from  Rio  Yuruan,  Venezuela  59  34 

Eight  from  Rio  Caura,  Venezuela  57,58,58,58,58,        34,35,35,35,36. 

59,60,60  36,37,3? 

One  from  Rio  Putumayo,  Colombia  59  34 

One  from  Calama,  Rip  Madeira  58  34 

One  from  Maroins,  Rio  Machados  57  33 

One  from  n.  Matto  Grosso  (Rio  Roosevelt)  57  32 
— C.  E.  H. 

»  Myrmotherula  longipennis  paraensis  (Toon):  Male  exceedingly  similar  to  the 
typical  race,  but  upper  parts  paler  slate  gray;  sides  of  head  and  under  parts  much 
lighter,  almost  whitish  gray.  Female  at  once  recognizable  by  having  the  crown, 
back,  as  well  as  the  edges  of  the  quills  and  tail  feathers,  brownish  olive  instead  of 
russet  or  cinnamon  brown;  the  upper  wing  coverts  broadly,  though  rather  indistinctly 
margined  with  dingy  isabelline;  the  sides  of  the  head  paler  ochraceous  buff;  the  entire 
under  surface  ochraceous  buff;  the  inner  margin  to  the  remiges  whitish  instead  of 
buff.  Wing  57-60;  tail  31-33;  bill  13-14. 

The  female  bears  a  certain  resemblance  to  that  of  M.  m.  cinereiventris,  but  may 
be  distinguished  by  its  brownish  olive  (instead  of  cinereous)  upper  and  paler,  more 
ochraceous  buff  under  parts. 

Eight  specimens  from  Peixe-Boi,  Igarap6-Assu,  S.  Antonio,  Guama  and  Capim 
examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula  minor  SALVADORI:  I  have  alluded  elsewhere  (Abhandl.  2.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  665-6)  to  the  variation  of  the  tail  markings  in  the  male. 


158  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  665  (crit.),  666  (Rio  de  Janeiro, 

S.  Paulo,  se.  Brazil);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  207  (S.  Sebastiao, 

Ubatuba,  S.  Paulo;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 
Formicivora  brevicauda  (not  of  SWAINSON)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  1857, 

p.  131  (Brazil,  descr.  o",  9  ;  excl.  hab.  "Bahia"  ex  SWAINSON). 
Myrmotherula  brevicauda  (errore)  SCLATER,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  237  (Rio;  descr. 

d",   9);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  242  (se.  Brazil  {  =  Rio],  descr. 

<?,    9;  spec,  in  Brit.  Museum  examined);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4, 

1900,  p.  158  (Cantagallo) ;  idem,  1.  c.,  6,  1905,  p.  354  (S.  Sebastiao,  S.  Paulo; 

spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  DUBOIS,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  1900,  p.  179,  pi.  4,  fig.  2 

(cf),  3(9). 
Myrmophila  brevicauda  (errore)  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1874,  p.  86  (Cantagallo, 

Prov.  Rio). 
Myrmotherula  melanogaster  (not  of  SPIX)  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  5,  1902, 

p.  275  (S.  Sebastiao,  S.  Paulo;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Coast  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro  and  Sao  Paulo  (Sao  Sebastiao,  Ubatuba,  Alto  da  Serra).a 

Myrmotherula  iheringi  Snethlage.b  JHERING'S  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  iheringi  SNETHLAGE,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  22,  1914,  p.  41  (Boim, 
left  bank  of  lower  Tapaj6z,  n.  Brazil;  type  in  Goeldi  Museum  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  285,  499  (Boim,  Villa  Braga, 
R.  Tapaj6z). 

Those  with  rounded  rectrices,  having  a  distinct  black  subterminal  band  and  narrow 
white  apical  margin  are  no  doubt  fully  adult,  while  those  with  pointed,  nearly  uniform 
slate  gray  rectrices  appear  to  represent  an  immature  stage.  There  is  every  gradation 
between  the  two  extremes.  The  female  can  hardly  be  confused  with  any  other 
species.  Pileum  ashy,  gradually  passing  into  the  pale  brownish  olive  of  the  back; 
upper  wing  coverts  dusky  brown,  indistinctly  tipped  with  olive  buff;  remiges  exte- 
riorly edged  with  olive  orrusset  brown;  rectrices  dusky  brown,  with  bright  russet  edges; 
sides  of  head  buffy  whitish,  variegated  with  grayish  olive  on  auriculars;  throat  whit- 
ish, slightly  fringed  with  dusky;  remainder  of  under  parts  bright  olive  fulvous,  deeper 
on  flanks  and  tail  coverts;  axillars,  under  wing  coverts  and  quill  lining  bright  isa- 
belline.  Wing  (o71)  47-50,  (9)  47.K-49;  tail  30-32;  bill  nJ^-12}^.  Seventeen 
specimens  (eight  cf  cf,  one  9  Rio;  one  o",  one  9,  Alto  da  Serra;  one  o",  one  9, 
Ubatuba;  three  c?  c?1,  one  9 ,  Sao  Sebastiao,  Sao  Paulo)  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

•  Miss  Snethlage  (Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  16;  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914, 
p.  286)  recorded  M.  minor  from  Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Purtis.  The  specimen,  an  imma- 
ture male  (with  russet  brown  edges  to  the  greater  upper  wing  coverts)  I  have  care- 
fully compared  with  a  good  series  of  M.  minor,  M.  longipennis,  the  type  of  M.  gar- 
bei  and  a  male  of  M.  iheringi,  and  there  can  be  no  question  that  it  has  been  cor- 
rectly referred  to  the  southeast  Brazilian  species.  In  coloration,  it  is  an  exact 
duplicate  of  M.  minor,  but  has  slightly  longer  wings  (51^)  an<i  a  shorter  tail  (28). 
However,  the  locality  appears  to  be  not  absolutely  certain,  and  the  bird  might  have 
come  from  the  state  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  instead. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula  iheringi  SNETHLAGE:  Male  similar  to  M.  minor,  but  bill  much 
stronger;  upper  wing  coverts  deeper  black  (without  any  trace  of  slate  gray  edges 
along  outer  web)  and  with  white  apical  spots  rather  than  edges;  axillars  and  undei 
wing  coverts  pure  white;  no  white  edges  to  secondaries;  rectrices  uniform  slate 
gray,  sometimes  with  a  hardly  perceptible  whitish  fringe  at  their  tips.  Female  (from 
Teodoro  River  =Rio  Roosevelt)  not  unlike  M.  minor  in  general  coloration;  but  above 
pale  slate  gray  (rather  lighter  than  the  male);  upper  wing  coverts  black  with 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  159 

Myrmotherula  garbei  ?  (not  of  JEERING)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  383 
(Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  350  (same  locality); 
SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  511  (Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z); 
idem,  Orn.  Monatsber.,  20,  1912,  p.  155  (Boim,  R.  Tapaj6z;  note  on  9). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  from  the  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Villa  Braga  and 
Boim  on  the  left  bank)  to  the  Rio  Madeira  (Humaytha),  ranging  south 
to  northern  Matto  Grosso  (Barao  Melgago,  Rio  Roosevelt)." 

Mynnotherula  garbei  Jhering.b  GARBE'S  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  garbei  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  441  pi.  15,  fig.  i 
(Rio  Jurua,  w.  Brazil;  type  in  Museu  Paulista  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem, 
Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  I,  1907,  p.  209  (Rio  Jurua). 

Range:  Western  Brazil  (Rio  Jurua). 

Myrmotherula  unicolor  (Menetries).*  PLAIN-COLORED  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmothera  unicolor  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Pfitersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3,  Part  2, 
(Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  480,  pi.  2,  fig.  i  (no  definite  locality  given;  the  type  is, 
no  doubt,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro;  see  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Polon. 
Hist.  Nat.,  i,  1921,  p.  22). 

Formicivora  unicolor  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tJbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  77  (descr. 
o*  ex  MENETRIES). 

large,  buff  apical  spots;  edges  to  remiges  and  tail  feathers  grayish  or  brownish  olive 
(instead  of  russet);  under  parts  much  paler  buff  (instead  of  fulvous).  Wing  (three 
o"  c?)  50,  (one  9)  50;  tail  27-29,  bill  12-13. 

In  spite  of  its  close  resemblance  in  the  male  sex,  M.  iheringi  appears  to  be  but 
distantly  related  to  M.  I.  longipennis,  which  is  also  found  in  the  same  section  of 
Amazonia.  Compared  with  a  number  of  adult  males  from  the  Rio  Madeira  and  Rio 
Roosevelt,  three  males  of  M.  iheringi  are  easily  distinguishable  by  their  much  smaller 
size,  pure  white  (instead  of  slate  gray)  axillaries  and  under  wing  coverts,  deep  black 
upper  wing  coverts  (without  slate  gray  edges  along  outer  web),  and  by  lacking  the 
distinct  white  terminal  margin  on  the  tail  feathers.  The  females  are  totally 
different.— C.  E.  H. 

•  An  adult  male  from  Humaytha  is  practically  identical  with  a  topotype  from 
the   Tapaj6z,   while  one   from   Barao   Melgaco,   n.    Matto   Grosso,   is  somewhat 
darker  plumbeous  with  the  black  area  beneath  more  extended.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula  garbei  JHERING:  This  little  known  species,  of  which  I  have  seen 
only  the  male  type,  is  closely  related  to  M.  iheringi.  It  is,  however,  somewhat  larger 
(wing,  55;  tail,  30);  the  upper  tail  coverts  are  conspicuously  tipped  with  black 
(instead  of  being  uniform  slate  gray);  the  black  below  is  much  more  extensive, 
covering  the  entire  chest;  the  rectrices  are  conspicuously  tipped  with  white.  More 
material  is  extremely  desirable. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Myrmotherula  unicolor  (MENETRIES)  :   Male  easily  recognizable,  among  the  slate 
gray  species  with  black  gular  patch,  by  the  uniform  upper  wing  coverts  without  any 
white  markings.  The  female  somewhat  resembles  that  of  M .  minor,  but  is  of  a  brighter, 
more  fulvous  brown  above,  with  the  pileum  and  hindneck  more  olivaceous  (less 
grayish);  the  throat  more  purely  white,  without  dusky  vermiculations,  the  breast 
much  paler,  olive  buff,  the  flanks  and  under  tail  coverts  lighter  fulvous;  besides, 
the  tail  is  considerably  longer.     Wing  (five  cfo")  49-51,  (four  99)  47-49;  tail  34- 
36.K;  bill  12-13.     Eleven  specimens  (one  o",  two  9  9,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  one  o",  two 

9  9 ,  two  juv.  Ubatuba,  one  o"  Iguapfi,  two  o"  o"  Blumenau,  Santa  Catharina) 
examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


160  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myrmotherula  unicolor  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  a,  Sept.  1868,  p.  82  (Registo  do 
Sai,  Prov.  Rio;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN, 
Ornis,  6,  1890,  p.  26  in  text  (Santa  Catharina;  the  specimen,  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.  in  Berlepsch  Collection,  is  from  Blumenau);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  243  (se.  Brazil;  descr.  o");  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  5, 
1902,  p.  276  (Iguap6,  S.  Paulo;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Cat.  P. 
Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  208  (Iguap6,  Ubatuba,  S.  Paulo;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Registo 
do  Sai),  Sao  Paulo  (Iguape,  Ubatuba)  and  Santa  Catharina  (Blumenau). 

Myrmotherula  behni  behni  Berlepsch  and  Leverkuhn*     BERN'S  ANT 
WREN. 

Myrmotherula  behni  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis,  6,  Jan.  1890,  p.  25, 
pi.  i,  fig.  2  (part;  type  from  "Bogota,"  now  in  Berlin  Museum  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.). 

Myrmotherula  inornata  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  243  (part; 
Bogota). 

Range:   Colombia  (only  known  from  "Bogota"  collections). 

Myrmotherula  behni  inornata  Sdater*  GUIANA  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  inornata  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.   243    (part; 

Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana;  we  designate  Roraima 

as  type  locality). 
Myrmotherula  behni  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis,  6,  1890,  p.  25   (part; 

Roraima). 
Myrmophila  behni  (not  of  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN)  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit. 

Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  33  (Supenaam  River,  Bartica,  Makauria  R.,  Roraima, 

Camacusa). 

Range:   British  Guiana. 
Myrmotherula  urosticta  (Sclater) .°  BAHIA  ANT  WREN. 

(??)  Formicivora  brevicauda  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  No.  6,  July  1825,  p.  148 

•  Myrmotherula  behni  behni  BERL.  and  LEVERK.  :  Similar  to  M.  unicolor,  to 
which  it  may  prove  to  be  subspecifically  related,  but  larger  with  much  stronger 
bill;  male  much  deeper  plumbeous  with  the  black  gular  patch  extended  over  the  fore- 
neck  and  not  concealed  by  slate  gray  edges,  and  grayish  (not  pure  white)  under 
wing  coverts;  female  much  darker,  olivaceous  brown  below,  the  throat  only  being 
whitish.  Wing  (three  jfd1)  54-54^,  (one  9)  53#;  tail  29-31;  bill  13^-14.  Four 
"Bogota"  skins,  including  the  type,  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula  behni  inornata  SCLATER:  Differs  from  M.  b.  behni  in  larger  size, 
the  tail  being  particularly  longer,  and  darker  plumbeous  coloration  of  the  male,  with 
more  black  on  foreneck.  Wing  (three  cfo")  56^-58,  (one  9)  56;  tail  36-38;  bill 
13^2-14.  Four  specimens  from  Roraima  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

0  Myrmotherula  urosticta  (SCLATER)  :  The  female  may  be  easily  distinguished 
from  that  of  M.  axillaris  luctuosa,  found  in  the  same  districts  of  Brazil,  by  shorter 
tail,  smaller  bill,  clear  cinereous  upper  parts,  much  more  conspicuous,  dingy  white 


1924-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  161 

(Humildez,  Bahia;  descr.  o";  type  lost,  formerly  in  Coll.  W.  Swainson'). 
Formicivora  urosticta  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  1857,  p.  130,  pi.  126,  fig.  i 

("in  Brasilia  orientali";  descr.  o"  ad.). 
Myrmotherula  urosticta  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  238  (Brazil;  descr. 

o");  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  242  (Bahia;  descr.  cf);  HARTERT, 

Kat.  Samml.  Mus.  Senckenb.  Ges.,  1891,  p.  in,  note  202  (Brazil  =  Bahia; 

spec,  in  Mus.  Frankfurt  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr.    9);  HELLMAYR, 

Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  664,  666  (Bahia;  descr. 

d",  9 );  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  207  (Pao  Gigante,  Espirito  Santo); 

LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2),  1921,  p.  99  (Ilh6os-Belmonte,  s.  Bahia). 
Myiothera  fuliginosa  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,   1823,  p.  45 

No.  483  (part;  Brazil;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 
Myrmotherula  luctuosa  (nee  PELZELN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p  .82, 

i53  (part;  9,  Bahia;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:   Southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  and  Espirito  Santo. 


*Myrmotherula  menetriesii  cinereiventris  Sclater  and  Salvin.    GRAY- 
THROATED  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  cinereiventris  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "1867,"  publ. 
1868,  p.  756  (part;  descr.  d";  Cayenne,  Surinam;  type  locality  is  Cayenne; 
see  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  244);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  426 
(Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  244  (part;  spec,  a-f,  Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana; 
Cayenne,  Surinam);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  1905,  p.  286  (Igarapfi- 
Assu,  Para);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  285  (Para,  S.  Antonio); 
BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  156  (Ipousin,  R.  Approuague,  French 
Guiana);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  61,  1913,  p.  528  (ecology);  idem, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  286  (part;  Para  [Providencia,  S.  Antonio], 
R.  Guama,  R.  Tocantins;  Rio  Curud;  Rio  Jamauchim;  Obidos,  Rio  Jary). 

Myrmotherula  cinereiventris  cinereiventris  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906, 
p.  368  (S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  Para);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull., 
2,  1916,  p.  284  (La  Union,  Mato  River,  Caura  R.). 

Myrmotherula  menetriesii  cinereiventris  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math,  naturw.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  45  (part;  d"d\  No.  1,165-66,  Peixe-Boi, 
Para;  Alcobaca,  R.  Tocantins),  92  (Para  localities). 

Myrmotherula  cinereiventris  pattida  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
1902,  p.  74  (part;  Suapure,  La  Pricion,  La  Union,  Nicare,  Caura  R.). 

apical  spots  to  the  larger  wing  coverts,  paler  buff  under  surface  with  whitish  throat 
and  cinereous  flanks,  distinct  whitish  terminal  margins  to  the  rectrices,  etc.  The  male 
is  altogether  different,  being  more  like  M .  menetriesi  berlepschi  in  general  coloration, 
but  at  once  recognizable  by  the  long  white  tips  to  the  lateral  rectrices.  Wing  (four 
o" o")  50-54,  (two  99)  50-51;  tail  30-34;  bill  12-13.  Seven  specimens  from  Bahia 
examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

•  Swainson's  description  cannot  be  identified  with  any  degree  of  certainty. 
At  any  event  it  does  not  apply  to  M .  minor  to  which  it  had  been  referred  by  authors, 
the  latter  species  not  being  found  in  the  State  of  Bahia.— C.  E.  H. 


162  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myrmotherula  berlepschi  (not  of  HELLMAYR)  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56, 
1908,  p.  532  (Alcobaca,  R.  Tocantins;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  285  (part;  Alcobaga,  R.  Tocantins). 

Poliolaema  cinereiventris  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  35  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Range:  The  Guianas;  eastern  Venezuela  (Caura  Valley);  northern 
Brazil,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Amazon  from  the  Jary  to  Obidos, 
south  of  that  river  from  Maranhao  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Tapaj6z 
(Rio  Jamauchim).* 

3:   Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  3). 

Myrmotherula  menetriesii  pallida  Berlepsch  and  Hartert.b   WESTERN 
GRAY-THROATED  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  cinereiventris  pallida  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
1902,  p.  74  (part;  Munduapo,  Nericagua  [type],  Bichaco,  Maipures,  Capuano, 
R.  Orinoco,  Venezuela);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916, 
p.  284  (upper  Orinoco,  from  near  the  mouth  of  the  Meta  River  upwards, 
foot  of  Mt.  Duida). 

Myrmopagis  cinereiventris  pallida  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
I91?!  P-  376  (La  Morelia,  se.  Colombia). 

Myrmotherula  cinereiventris  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SAL  VIM)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras., 
2,  1868,  p.  8 1  (Marabitanas,  upper  Rio  Negro;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  750  (Chya- 
vetas,  n.  Peru),  756  (part,  descr.  9  ;  Rio  Napo,  Chyavetas,  e.  Peru),  978 
(Pebas);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  274  (part;  Chyavetas,  Pebas;  spec,  in  Brit.  Mus. 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  30  (Yuri- 
maguas);  idem,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  43  (descr.  o",  9  ;  hab.  part;  Yuri- 
maguas,  Chyavetas,  Pebas);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890  p.  244 
(part;  spec,  i-v,  Pebas,  Iquitos,  Chyavetas,  n.  Peru;  Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo, 
e.  Ecuador). 

Myrmotherula  longipennis  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  241  (part;  spec,  o,  "Bogota,"  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Southern  Venezuela  (Orinoco  Valley,  from  the  mouth  of  the 
Meta  River  upwards);  eastern  Colombia  (Caquetd-Putumayo  region, 
also  found  in  "Bogota"  collections);  eastern  Ecuador;  northwestern 

•Twenty-six  specimens  (British  Guiana  6,  French  Guiana  r,  Para  district  8, 
Rio  Tocantins  i,  Caura  River  10)  examined.  Birds  from  the  Para  district  appear 
to  be  inseparable  from  cinereiventris,  although  some  of  the  females  are  remarkably 
dark  ochraceous  underneath.  A  series  from  the  Caura  River,  e.  Venezuela,  are,  no 
doubt,  referable  to  the  Guianan  race  and  not  to  pallida,  with  which  they  had  been 
associated  by  Berlepsch  and  Hartert.  An  adult  male  with  a  small  black  spot  on 
lower  throat  from  Alcobaca,  Rio  Tocantins,  determined  by  Miss  Snethlage  as 
M.  berlepschi  is  certainly  but  an  individual  aberration,  disclosing  the  near  relation 
to  the  black-throated  races.  Similarly  marked  specimens  also  occur  in  ne.  Peru 
where  the  ranges  of  pallida  and  menetriesii  meet.— -C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula  menetriesii  pallida  BERL.  and  HART.:  Male  similar  to  M.  m. 
cinereiventris  in  having  the  throat  gray  like  the  breast,  but  general  color,  especially 
below,  decidedly  paler  slate  gray  with  more  white  on  the  under  tail  coverts;  female 
with  upper  parts  generally  grayish  rather  than  brownish  olive. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  163 

Brazil  (Marabitanas,  on  the  upper  Rio  Negro)  and  the  most  northerly 
parts  of  Peru  in  Dept.  Loreto  (north  bank  of  Maranon,  on  the  south 
bank  only  west  of  the  Huallaga  (Yurimaguas,  Chyavetas.)' 

Myrmotherula   menetriesii   menetriesii  (D'0rbigny).b     MENETRIES'S 
ANT  WREN. 

Myrmothera  menetriesii  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  Oct.  1838,  p.  184 

(Yuracares,  n.  Bolivia;  type  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H. ;  =  o"  ad.). 
Myrmotherula  menetriesi  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  1858,  p.  237  (part;  Bolivia; 

Chamicuros,  e.  Peru);  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  1903, 

p.  210  (Yuracares,  San  Mateo,  n.  Bolivia);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR, 

Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  51  (Yuracares  [type];  ne.  Peru; 

crit.);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  208  (Rio  Jurua);  SNETHLAGE, 

Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  16  (Bom  Lugar,  Ponte  Alegre,  Rio  Verde,  R.  Purus; 

spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  284  (same 

localities). 
Myrmotherula  menetriesii  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  69  (Teffe',  Rio 

Solimoes). 
Myrmotherula  menetriesii  menetriesii  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  351 

(synon.;  range);  idem,  Arch.  £.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  98  (Yahuar- 

mayo,  Rio  Inambari,  n.  Puno,  se.  Peru),  99  (range);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  28, 

1921,  p.  206  (Yuracares,  Bolivia;  crit.). 
Myrmotherula  boliviano  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  49,  1901,  p.  96  (San  Mateo, 

n.  Bolivia;  types  in  Coll.  Berlepsch  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr.  o",  9 ). 
Myrmotherula  brevicauda  juruana  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  440 

(Rio  Jurua;  type  in  Mus.  Paul,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr.  o"). 
Myrmotherula  longipennis  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 

1890,  p.  241  (part;  spec,  p,  q,  Rio  Javarri,  Chamicuros,  e.  Peru;  spec,  in 

Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E  H.). 
Myrmotherula  sp.  ?,  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  53°  (Monterico, 

ne.  Ayacucho;  two  99). 
Myrmotherula  cinereiventris  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn. 

P6r.,  2,  1884,  p.  43  (part;  Chamicuros,  Monterico). 

Range:  Northern  Bolivia  (Yuracares,  Rio  San  Mateo);  eastern 
Peru  (Yahuarmayo,  Rio  Inambari,  northern  Puno;  Monterico,  east  of 

» Twenty-five  specimens  examined.  Birds  from  e.  Ecuador  (4  from  Sara- 
yacu),  Colombia  (three  o"d",  one  9  "Bogota",  i  Cuembi,  Rio  Putumayo)  and 
Peru  ( i  Pebas,  i  Iquitos,  i  Rio  Tigr6,  Rio  Maranon  ;2  Chyavetas)  agree  in  coloration  with 
the  pale  race  described  from  the  upper  Orinoco  (4  from  Nericagua,  the  type  local- 
ity, 6  from  the  foot  of  Mt.  Duida),  to  which  a  couple  from  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro, 
also  belongs.  One  male  each  from  "Bogota"  and  Chyavetas  have  a  small  black  spot 
on  middle  of  foreneck,  thus  pointing  to  the  black-throated  menetriesii  which  takes 
its  place  east  of  the  Huallaga  and  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Rio  Solimoes. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula  menetriesii  menetriesii  (D'ORBIG.):  Male  differs  from  M.  m. 
pallida  by  having  a  varying  amount  of  black  along  the  middle  of  throat  and 
foreneck ;  female  not  certainly  distinguishable,  but  upper  parts  generally  more  purely 
cinereous,  without  or  with  very  little  olive  tinge.  Wing  (d")  51-56,  (9)  5O-54I 
tail  26-31;  bill  13^-14.  Sixteen  d"o",  nine  9  9  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


1 64  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Huanta,  northeastern  Ayacucho),  west  to  the  Huallaga;  western  Brazil 
(Rio  Purvis;  Rio  Jurua;  Teffe",  Rio  Solimoes;  Rio  Javarri).4 


Myrmotherula  menetriesii  berlepschi  Hellmayr.b     BERLEPSCH'S  ANT 
WREN. 

Myrmotherula  berlepschi  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  1903,  p.  211 
(Salto  do  Girao,  Rio  Madeira;  descr.  o\  9);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56, 
1908,  p.  512  (Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  285  (part;  Villa  Braga). 

Myrmotherula  menetriesii  berlepschi  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  350 
(Calama,  Rio  Madeira;  Maroins,  Rio  Machados;  crit.),  351  (range). 

Myrmotherula  menetriesii  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  a,  Sept. 
1868,  p.  82  (Salto  do  Girao,  Ribeirao,  Rio  Madeira). 

Myrmotherula  cinereiventris  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  384  (Borba,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  351 
(Borba);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  285  (part;  Villa  Braga). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  from  the  upper  Rio  Madeira  and  its 
affluents  (Rio  Machados  and  Rio  Roosevelt)  east  to  the  Tapaj6z  (Villa 
Braga,  left  bank).8 

»  There  does  not  appear  to  be  any  constant  difference  between  Brazilian,  Boliv- 
ian and  Peruvian  examples.  While  the  black  gular  patch  in  the  male  is,  as  a  rule, 
well  developed,  occasionally  specimens  with  only  a  small  black  spot  in  the  middle 
of  the  foreneck  may  be  found,  which  are  almost  indistinguishable  from  M.  m. 
Pallida.  An  adult  male  from  Chamicuros,  east  of  the  Huallaga,  n.  Peru,  is  an  extreme 
black-throated  example,  whereas  specimens  from  Yurimaguas  and  Chyavetas, 
west  of  the  Huallaga,  and  from  the  north  bank  of  the  Maranon,  represent  the  gray- 
throated  race  pallida.  It  would  thus  appear  that  the  valleys  of  the  Marafion  and 
Huallaga  separate  the  ranges  of  pallida  and  menetriesii. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmotherula  menetriesii  berlepschi  HELLMAYR:  Differs  from  M.  m.  mene- 
triesii by  the  clearer  cinereous  (less  bluish)  coloration,  especially  below;  paler,  more 
whitish  gray  sides  of  the  head,  and  by  the  very  distinct  black  subapical  band  on  the 
rectrices  which  is  frequently,  though  not  always,  absent  or  barely  indicated  in  the 
typical  race.  Female  readily  distinguished  by  having  the  upper  wing  coverts  mainly 
bright  cinnamon  brown  (instead  of  dull  grayish  with  obsolete  buffy  olive  edges), 
the  outer  web  of  the  quills  cinnamon  instead  of  olive  gray,  and  the  tail  feathers 
warm  brown,  edged  with  russet  (not  uniform  grayish  olive) ;  besides,  crown  and  back 
are  more  or  less  cinnamon  brown  (instead  of  grayish  olive),  and  the  under  parts 
deeper  ochraceous.  Wing  (four  0*0")  52-55,  (six  99)  53-56;  tail  26-30;  bill 
13^-14.— C.  E.  H. 

e  Four  females  from  Villa  Braga,  left  bank  of  Rip  Tapaj6z,  are  even  brighter 
cinnamon  brown  above  than  those  from  the  Rio  Madeira,  while  by  their  paler  under 
parts  they  form  the  transition  to  M.  m.  cinereiventris,  the  eastern  representative. 
A  male  from  Borba,  lower  Rio  Madeira,  is  difficult  to  place.  It  is  almost  as  dark 
bluish  gray  as  cinereiventris  and  has  only  a  few  tiny  black  dots  on  the  lower  throat. 
Additional  material  may  show  the  birds  from  the  lower  Rio  Madeira  and  Tapaj6z 
to  constitute  a  separable  race,  intermediate  between  cinereiventris  and  berlepschi. — 
C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  165 

Myrmotherula  assimilis  Pelzeln.*  WHITE-BACKED  ANT  WREN. 

Myrmotherula  assimilis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  81,  152  (types  from 
Rio  Amajau,  an  affluent  of  the  Rio  Negro  below  Barcellos,  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  Poiares,  Rio  Negro;  Borba,  Rio  Madeira);  HELL- 
MAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  1903,  p.  212  (crit.;  characters  of  <? 
and  9);  JHERING,  Cat  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  208  (Santarem;  Rio  Jurua;  spec, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  384  (Humaytha, 
Rio  Madeira;  characters,  range);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  352  (Calama,  Mar- 
mellos,  R.  Madeira);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orm'th.,  61,  1913,  p.  528  (Rio 
Jamunda);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  286  (Far6,  Rio  Jamunda). 

Myrmotherula  cinereiventris  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  244  (part;  spec,  g,  h,  Rio  Negro  [  =  Poiares],  Borba, 
Rio  Madeira;  spec,  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  CHAPMAN  and 
RIKER,  Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  29  (Santarem);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905, 
p.  441  (Rio  Jurud,  Santarem;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil  (Poiares,  Rio  Amajau,  Rio  Negro;  Far6, 
Rio  Jamunda,  Santarem,  Rio  Tapajoz;  Borba,  Humaytha,  Calama, 
Marmellos,  Rio  Madeira;  Rio  Jurua)  and  northeastern  Peru  (Nauta, 
north  bank  of  the  Marafion). 


Genus  DICHROZONA  Ridgway. 

Dichrozona  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  10,  1888,  p.  524  (type  by  original  desig- 
nation Dichrozona  zononota  RIDGWAY  =  Cyphorhinus  (Microcerculus)  cinctus 
PELZELN). 

Dichrozona  cincta  (Pelzeln).   BANDED  ANTCATCHER. 

Cyphorhinus  (Microcerculus)  cinctus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  I,  1868,  p.  47,  65  (Sao 
Joaquim,  at  junction  of  Rio  Uaup6s  and  Rio  Negrob;  Borba,  Rio  Madeira; 
spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Hypocnemis  stettata  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  160  (Sarayacu, 
e.  Ecuador;  types  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER, 

•  Myrmotherula  assimilis  PELZELN:  Superficially  resembling  M.  m.  cinereiventris, 
and  like  this  species  without  any  black  on  the  lower  parts,  but  immediately  recog- 
nizable by  the  presence,  in  both  sexes,  of  a  large,  concealed  white  dorsal  patch. 
Besides,  the  male  has  the  upper  wing  coverts  light  plumbeous  with  narrow  white  apical 
margins  to  the  median  and  greater  series,  while  in  M.  c.  cinereiventris  and  allies  the 
lesser  and  median  coverts  are  black,  tipped  with  white,  the  greater  ones  clear  ciner- 
eous with  a  white  tip,  preceded  on  the  outer  web  by  a  distinct  black  subapical  spot. 
The  female  may  be  also  distinguished  by  its  pure  cinereous  dorsal  surface  (without 
any  olive  tinge)  and  by  the  median  and  greater  upper  wing  coverts  being  distinctly 
edged  with  clear  buff.  Wing  51-54;  tail  27-31 ;  bill  13-14. 

Twenty-one  specimens  (5  Rio  Negro,  2  Santarem,  10  Rio  Madeira,  4  Nauta, 
ne.  Peru)  examined. — C.  E.  H. 

b  We  designate  as  type:  Vienna  Museum  No.  16,350,  adult  male,  S.  Joaquim, 
Rip  Negro,  July  28,  1831,  J.  Natterer  Coll.,  upon  which  the  latin  diagnosis  was 
evidently  based,  since  the  apical  spots  to  the  lesser  wing  coverts  are  described  as 
white,  which  applies  only  to  the  S.  Joaquim  bird,  while  they  are  buff  in  the  Borba 
female.— C.  E.  H. 


1 66  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  293  (Sarayacu);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13, 

1906,  p.  348  (crit.;  -C.  cinctus). 
Dichrozona  zononota  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  10,  1888,  p.  524  (Diamantina, 

near  Santarem,  Rio  Tapaj6z). 

Dichrozona  zonota  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  29  (Diamantina). 
Dichrozona  cincta  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Ornith.,  51,  1903,  p.  536  (crit.;  synon., 

range);  SNETHLAGE,  1.  c.,  56,  1908,  p.  17  (Cachoeira,  Rio  Punis;  9  examined 

by  C.  E.  H.);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  218  (Rio  Jurua);  HELLMAYR, 

Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  361  (Borba;  range);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 

8,  1914,  p.  293  (Rio  Punis). 
Dichrozona  cinctus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  386 

(Florencia,  La  Morelia,  se.  Colombia). 
Microcerculus  cinctus  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  431  (Rio  Jurua); 

SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  487  (ex  PELZELN). 

Range:  Southeastern  Colombia  (Florencia,  La  Morelia,  Caqueta" 
region);  eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu);  northwestern  and  northern 
Brazil  (Sao  Joaquim,  upper  Rio  Negro ;  Rio  Jurud,  Rio  Punis ;  Borba, 
Rio  Madeira;  Diamantina,  near  Santarem,  R.  Tapajoz);  northern 
Bolivia  (San  Ernesto,8  68°  w.,  15°  s.,  alt.  1,000  metr.,  upper  Beni).b 

Genus  MELANOPAREIA  Reichenbach. 

Melanopareia  REICHENBACH,  Hanb.  Spec.  Ornith.,  Scansoriae  (Sittinae),  1853, 
p.  164  (type  by  subs,  desig.,  Gray,  1855,  Synallaxis  Maximilian*  D'ORBIGNY). 

Rhoporchilus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  1909,  p.  69  (type  Formici- 
vora  speciosa  SALVIN). 

Melanopareia  torquata  torquata  (Wied).   PIED  ANTBIRD. 

Synallaxis  torquata  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  697  ("Campo 
Geral  des  inneren  Brasilien,"  sc.  the  campo  district  on  the  confines  of  the 
Prov.  Bahia  and  Minas  GeraSs,  e.  Brazil;  types  lost,  see  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  244);  REISER,  Denkschr.  math.-naturw.  Kl. 
Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  1910,  p.  69  (Oro,  on  the  way  from  S.  Antonio  to  S.  Philo- 
mena,  Serra  of  Philomena,  s.  Piauhy;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Melanopareia  torquata  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  37 
(part;  WIED'S  reference). 

Melanopareia  torquata  torquata  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  267  (crit.; 
ne.  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  and  Piauhy). 

Range:    Northeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  and  Piauhy.0 

a  An  adult  female  obtained  by  P.  O.  Simons  on  Sept.  7,  1899,  in  the  British 
Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Birds  from  Ecuador  are  exactly  like  the  type  from  S§o  Joaquim,  while  those 
from  south  of  the  Amazon  (Borba,  Rio  Punis,  San  Ernesto)  are  somewhat  lighter 
above.— C.  E.  H. 

0  I  cannot  imagine  what  Rhoporchilus  torquatus  (BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i, 
I9°7»  P  132)  from  Bartica  Grove,  British  Guiana,  may  possibly  be. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  167 

Melanopareia  torquata  rufescens  Hellmayr,  subsp.  now    SOUTHERN 
PIED  ANTBIRD. 

Synallaxis  torquata  (not  of  WIED)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  1868,  p.  36  (Cimeterio 
do  Lambari,  Irisanga,  Paciencia,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren., 
1870,  p.  385  (Lagoa  Santa;  Lages,  near  Santa  Anna  dos  Alegres,  w.  Minas 
Geraes);  SCI.ATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  *7  (part;  Sao  Paulo,  Lagoa  Santa); 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  56  (Lagoa  Santa,  Minas;  spec,  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist,  5,  1893,  p.  112 
(Chapada,  Matto  Grosso);  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  234 
(Rincao,  Batataes,  Sao  Paulo);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  60  (Faz. 
Esperanca,  Goyaz;  crit.)- 

Melanoparaeia  torquata  bitorquata  (not  of  LAFRESNAVE  and  D'ORBIGNY) 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  266,  267  (part;  Brazil  in  states  of  Minas 
Geraes,  Sao  Paulo,  Goyaz  and  Matto  Grosso). 

Range:  Interior  of  Brazil,  in  states  of  Minas  Geraes  (Lagoa  Santa, 
Santa  Anna  dos  Alegres),  Sao  Paulo,  Goyaz,  and  Matto  Grosso. 

Melanopareia  torquata  bitorquata  (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny)*.  WEST- 
ERN PIED  ANTBIRD. 

Synallaxis  bitorquata  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  1837,  p.  24  (Chiquitos,  e.  Bolivia;  type  now  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
Cambridge,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

^Melanopareia  torquata  rufescens  HELLMAYR,  subsp.  nov.:  Similar  to  M.  t.  tor- 
quata in  having  the  back,  upper  tail  coverts,  wings  and  tail  bright  russet,  but  with 
upper  part  of  the  head  rufous  brown  (between  "russet"  and  "mars  brown")  instead 
of  grayish  brown.  Wing  50-55;  tail  60-66;  bill  11-13.  Type  in  Vienna  Museum: 
No.  20188  o"  ad.,  Irisanga,  Prov.  S5o  Paulo,  Brazil,  February  21,  1823.  J.  Nat- 
terer  Coll. 

This  form  which,  in  the  absence  of  Bolivian  material,  was  united  to  M.  t.  bitor- 
quata in  my  revision  of  D'Orbigny's  collections,  proves  to  be  quite  distinct  on  com- 
parison of  D'Orbigny's  type  and  other  examples  from  the  same  region.  Three 
adult  males,  two  females  from  Prov.  Sao  Paulo  (Irisanga,  Ytarar6),  one  pair  from 
Goyaz  (Faz.  Esperanca),  one  adult  from  Minas  Geraes  (Lagoa  Santa)  and  two 
adult  males  from  Matto  Grosso  (Chapada,  Rio  do  Calor)  have  been  examined. 
One  of  the  Matto  Grosso  examples  (American  Museum  Nat.  Hist.  No.  127647 
cf  ad.,  Rio  do  Calor)  approaches  M.  t.  bitorquata  in  coloration  of  crown,  though 
in  no  other  respect.— -C.  E.  H. 

*>  Melanopareia  torquata  bitorquata  (LAFR.  and  D'ORB.):  Differs  very  decidedly 
from  the  Brazilian  races  by  having  the  pileum,  back,  wings  and  upper  tail  coverts 
between  "light  brownish  olive"  and  "brownish  olive"  instead  of  russet;  the  tail 
dusky  brown,  not  russet;  the  throat  deeper  ochraceous;  the  chest  (immediately 
below  the  white  and  black  gular  crescent),  sides  and  under  tail  coverts  darker, 
more  ochraceous  tawny,  the  middle  of  the  belly  alone  being  warm  buff  as  in  tor- 
quata and  rufescens.  Besides,  the  cinnamon-rufous  nuchal  collar  is  preceded  by  a 
narrow  zone  of  black  feathers,  centrally  striped  with  white.  Wing  56-57;  tail 
65-72;  bill  1 2#-i 3. 

In  coloration  of  upper  parts  and  tail,  this  form  more  nearly  resembles  M.  m.  max- 
imiliani  and  M.  m.  argentina,  approaching  the  latter  also  by  its  darker  under  sur- 
face, but  it  is  of  course  easily  separable  from  either  by  the  wide  cinnamon-rufous 
collar  round  the  hindneck.  In  addition  to  the  type,  I  have  examined  a  second  adult 


i68  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Synallaxis  torquata  (not  of  WIED)  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  merid.,  Ois.,  1844, 

p.  248,  pi.  15,  fig.  2  (Mission  de  Conception,  Chiquitos);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lond.,  1874,  p.  17  (part;  Chiquitos,  Bolivia). 
Melanopareia  torquata  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  37  (part; 

d'Orbigny's  references). 
Mdanopareia  torquata  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  266  (part;  Chiquitos, 

e.  Bolivia). 

Range:   Eastern  Bolivia  (Chiquitos  district). 

Melanopareia  maximiliani  maximiliani  (D'Orbigny).*  BOLIVIAN  PIED 
ANTBIRD. 

Synallaxis  maximiliani  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  m6rid.,  Ois.,  1844,  p.  247,  pi.  15, 
fig.  i  (new  name  for  Synallaxis  torquata  LAFR.  and  D'ORB.,  not  of  WIED; 
Mt.  Biscachal,  near  Carcuata,  Yungas,  Bolivia;  type  in  Paris  Museum  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  56  (Bolivia); 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  d'Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  1906,  p.  74 
(part;  Yungas). 

Synallaxis  torquata  (not  of  WIED)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in 
Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  1837,  p.  25  (Carcuata,  Bolivia;  descr.  o"  ad.). 

Melanopareia  maximiliani  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tJbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  37 
(Yungas;  ex  D'ORBIGNY). 

Range:  Western  Yungas  of  Bolivia  (Carcuata,  Chulumani,  Tan- 
ampaya).b 

*Melanopareia  maximiliani  argentina  (Hellmayr).0  ARGENTINE  PIED 
ANTBIRD. 

Synallaxis  maximiliani  argentina  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Club,  19,  1907, 
p.  74  (Norco,  Tucuman,  nw.  Argentina);  HARTERT and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool., 
16,  1909,  p.  211  (Tucuman,  Norco;  Mocovi,  Chaco);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  1910,  p.  430  (crit.;  Cordova). 

Synallaxis  maximiliani  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  KERR,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  131  (Fortin 
Page,  lower  Pilcomayo);  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  8,  1902, 
p.  190  (Rio  Sali,  Prov.  Tucuman);  idem,  Revista letr.  y  cienc.  soc.  Tucuman 
3,  No.  13,  1905,  p.  52  (same  locality);  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  1904,  p.  223  (Rio Sali, 

bird  from  Rio  Quiser,  n.  Chiquitos,  secured  by  Jos6  Steinbach,  in  the  Museum  of 
Comparative  Zoology,  Cambridge,  and  have  seen  others  from  the  same  source  in 
the  Carnegie  Museum,  Pittsburgh. — C.  E.  H. 

•  M.  maximiliani  may  be  distinguished  from  M.  torquata  by  lacking  the  rufous 
collar  across  the  hind  neck,  and  its  much  darker  under  parts. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Four  specimens,  including  the  type,  from  Yungas  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

0  Melanopareia  maximiliani  argentina  (HELLMAYR):  Differs  from  M.  m.  maxi- 
miliani in  its  considerably  paler  coloration;  the  upper  parts  being  of  a  clearer,  more 
grayish  olive;  the  breast  and  abdomen  much  lighter  tawny  ochraceous,  darkening 
to  deep  tawny  only  on  sides  and  that  portion  of  the  chest  immediately  adjoining 
the  black  jugular  band  (while  in  the  typical  race  the  whole  under  surface  below  the 
latter  is  uniform  chestnut  rufous);  the  throat  darker  buff.  Wing  (ten  specimens) 
52-54K;  tail  71-77;  bill  10-11. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  169 

Tucuman) ;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  d'Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19, 
1906,  p.  74  (part;  Tapia,  Tucuman);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires, 
18,  1910,  p.  295  (Movoci,  Chaco;  Tucuman;  Sierra  de  Cordoba). 
Afelanopareia  maximiliani  argentina  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  268, 
in  text  (crit.;  range). 

Range :  Western  Argentina,  in  provs.  Santa  Fe  (Mocovi,  near  Ocampo) 
and  Cordova,  Terr,  del  Formosa  (lower  Pilcomayo)  and  Prov.  Tucuman 
(Rio  Sali,  ftorco,  Tapia). 

i:  Argentina  (Tucuman). 

Melanopareia  elegans  (Lesson).*  ECUADORIAN  PIED  ANTBIRD. 

Synallaxis  elegans  LESSON,  Echo  du  Monde  Savant,  n,  No.  13,  Aug.  15,  1844, 
P-  303  ("Colombia,  propter  Gayaquil"  =  Guayaquil,  sw.  Ecuador);  idem, 
Oeuvres  de  Buffon,  ed.  LeV£que,  20  (Descr.  Mammif.  et  Ois.),  1847,  p.  289 
(Guayaquil). 

Synallaxis  elegans  elegans  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  334,  335  (Guaya- 
quil, Balzar,  w.  Ecuador;  Paucal,  Trujillo,  Tembladera,  Otuzco,  w.  Peru). 

Formicivora  speciosa  SALVIN,  Ibis,  (3d  sen),  6,  1876,  p.  494  (Puna  Isl.,  w.  Ecua- 
dor; types  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  251  (Puna  Isl.,  Balzar,  w.  Ecuador);  BARON,  Nov.  Zool., 
4,  1897,  pi.  i,  fig.  3  (o"  ex  w.  Peru). 

Synallaxis  elegans  speciosa  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  335  (Puna  Isl.). 

Synallaxis  paucalensis  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  131  (Paucal, 
west  slope  of  w.  Andes,  Dept.  Cajamarca);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  57  (ex  TACZANOWSKI). 

Synallaxis  subspeciosa  SALVADOR:  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
I899,  p.  21  (Balzar,  w.  Ecuador;  descr.  9). 

Range:  Western  Ecuador,  in  provs.  Manavi  (Chone),  Guayas 
(including  Puna  Island)  and  El  Oro;  western  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Piura, 
Cajamarca  and  Libertad,  on  the  west  slope  of  the  western  Andes,  up 
to  about  4,500  feet.b 

a  Melanopareia  elegans  (LESSON)  :  Nearest  to  M .  m.  maximiliani,  but  differs  by 
much  shorter  tail,  the  absence  of  the  white  interscapular  spot;  by  the  black  (instead 
of  grayish  olivaceous)  pileum;  by  having  the  outer  web  and  tip  of  the  outermost 
rectrix  whitish  gray,  the  outer  web  of  the  greater  upper  wing  coverts  and  conspicu- 
ous edges  to  the  tertials  bright  cinnamon  rufous,  and  by  other  minor  characters. 

b  This  species  is  probably  divisible  into  several  local  races  which,  however,  I  am 
unable  to  properly  characterize  at  present.  Birds  from  Puna  Island  are  palest  in 
coloration,  though  most  of  the  characters  I  relied  upon  in  my  paper  prove  to  be 
variable  in  the  light  of  the  material  recently  received  by  the  American  Museum, 
as  I  am  informed  by  F.  M.  Chapman  (in  litt.)  who,  besides,  points  out  that  females 
from  Chone  (Manavi)  are  not  separable  from  others  obtained  on  Puna  Island. 
Chapman  thinks  that  the  Peruvian  birds  may  be  separable  on  account  of  the  paler 
crown  in  the  female,  "which  is  slightly,  if  at  all,  darker  than  the  back,  while  it  is 
decidedly  black  in  those  from  Puna  and  Manavi."  As  a  matter  of  fact,  however, 
four  females  from  Platanar  (west  of  Otuzco)  and  Trujillo  seen  by  me  have  the  pileum 
sooty  black,  slightly  tinged  with  grayish  olive,  and  not  appreciably  different  from  a 
Balzar  specimen.  More  material  is  necessary  to  settle  the  question. — C.  E.  H. 


1 70  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Genus  MYRMORCHILUS  Ridgway. 

Myrmorchilus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  1909,  p.  69  (type  Myio- 
thera  strigilata  WIED). 

*Myrmorchilus  strigilatus  strigilatus  (Wied).    BLACK-THROATED  ANT- 
BIRD. 

Myiothera  strigilata  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1064  (Prov. 
Bahia;  descr.  o",  9). 

Formicivora  strigilata  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Petersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3, 
Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  493  (ex  WIED);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26, 
1858,  p.  242  (se.  Brazil);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  84,  note  2  (Bahia); 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Exotic  Ornith.,  1869,  p.  159,  pi.  80  (o",  9  ;  Bahia); 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  254  (.Wied's  types);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  251  (Bahia);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i, 
1907,  p.  210  (part;  Bahia);  REISER,  Denkschr.  math.-naturw.  Kl.  Akad. 
Wiss.  Wien,  76,  1910,  p.  66  (Barra  do  Rio  Grande,  Faz.  da  Serra,  Bahia; 
Paniagua,  s.  Piauhy;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Campos  region  of  eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia,  Ceara 
and  Piauhy. a 

2:  Brazil  (Jua,  near  Iguatu,  Ceard). 

Myrmorchilus  strigilatus  suspicax  Wetmore.b  WESTERN  BLACK-THROATED 
ANTBIRD. 

Myrmorchilus  strigilatus  suspicax  WETMORE,  Journ.  Wash.  Ac.  Sci.,  12,  No.  14, 
Aug.  1922,  p.  327  (Riacho  Pilaga,  near  Kilometro  182  [Ferro-carril  del 
Estado],  Gob.  del  Formosa,  Argentina  [type];  Rio  Vermejo;  type  in  U.  S. 
National  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Formicivora  strigilata  (not  of  WIED)  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  12,  No.  292, 
1897,  p.  22  (San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c., 
15,  No.  378,  1900,  p.  9  (Urucum,  Matto  Grosso);  KERR,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  227 
(Waikthlatingmayalwa,  Paraguayan  Chaco) ;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires,  18,  1910,  p.  285  (San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy). 

Range:  Southwestern  Matto  Grosso  (Urucum,  near  Corumba); 
western  Paraguay  (Chaco),  and  northern  Argentina  (Terr,  del  Formosa, 
Rio  Vermejo,  and  Jujuy).0 

•  Eight  specimens  (2  LamarSo,  near  City  of  Bahia  ,3  Rio  Grande,  nw.  Bahia, 
i  Parnagua,  Piauhy,  2  Ceard)  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmorchilus  strigilatus  suspicax  WETMORE:  Male  differs  from  the  typical  race 
in  lacking  the  blackish  suffusion  on  the  forehead;  in  having  the  auriculars  light 
russet  instead  of  blackish  brown;  the  superciliary  stripe  decidedly  buff  (instead  of 
white)  and  much  narrower  in  its  postocular  portion;  the  upper  parts  conspicuously 
duller,  less  rufous,  and  the  flanks  on  average  slightly  deeper  ochraceous  buff.  Female 
only  distinguishable  by  duller,  less  rufous  upper  parts,  and  generally  paler  buff  colora- 
tion of  foreneck  and  breast.  Wing  (cf)  67-69,  (  9 )  65-68;  tail  57-64;  bill  16-18. 

0  Two  adult  males  from  Urucum  (Matto  Grosso)  agree,  except  for  more  buffy  white 
superciliaries,  with  three  from  the  type  locality.  One  has  the  buff  area  on  the  flanks 


1924-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  171 

Genus  HERPSILOCHMUS  Cabanis. 

Herpsilochmus  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  224  (type  by  subs. 

desig.,  Gray,  1855,  Myiothera  pileata  LICHTENSTEIN). 
Dendrooecia  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  1901,  p.  138  (type  Dendrooecia  ery- 

throptera  BERTONI  =  Herpsilochmus  rufimarginatus  [TEMMINCK]). 

Herpsilochmus  pileatus  pileatus  (Lichtenstein) .   WHITE-BROWED  ANT- 
BIRD. 

Myiothera  pileata  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  44  (Bahia; 
type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras., 
3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1078  (e.  Brazil,  no  locality  specified;  descr.  d",  9). 
Formicivora  pileata  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Peters.,  (6th  ser.),  3,  Part  2 

(Sti.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  485  (ex  WIED). 

Herpsilochmus  pileatus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  233  (part;  se.  Brazil; 
descr.  cf);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  80  (Bahia;  "Cuyaba?",  errore; 
spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  245  (Bahia);  JEERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  209 
(part;  Bahia). 

Herpsilochmus  pileatus  pileatus  Hellmayr,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  70,  in  text 
(part;  Bahia;  Lamarao);  idem,  1.  c.,  28,  1921,  p.  206  (coast  district  of 
Bahia). 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  coast  district  of  State  of  Bahia  (the  only 
ascertained  locality  being  Lamarao,  near  S.  Salvador  de  Bahia).* 

*Herpsilochmus  pileatus  atricapillus   Pelzeln*    BLACK-CAPPED  ANT- 
BIRD. 

Herpsilochmus  atricapillus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  80,  150  (Porto 
do  Rio  Parana,  n.  Sao  Paulo  [type];  city  of  Goyaz;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  246  (Per- 
nambuco;  Goyaz);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Phil.  Paris,  (gth 

so  restricted  and  pale  as  in  Argentina  examples,  while  in  the  other  they  are  even  more 
deeply  colored  than  in  the  Brazilian  ones.  A  female  from  Urucum  closely  approaches 
M.  s.  strigilatus  on  the  lower  parts,  but  is  not  quite  so  bright  above. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Herpsilochmus  pileatus  pileatus  (LIGHT.):  The  typical  race  appears  to  be 
restricted  to  the  coast  district  of  the  State  of  Bahia.  Four  males  from  Bahia  (trade) 
collections  have  the  under  parts  mostly  cinereous,  with  the  throat  only  white  and 
slight  whitish  admixture  along  the  abdominal  line,  while  the  flanks  have  no  trace 
of  buff y  suffusion.  A  single  male  from  Lamarao  (near  the  city  of  Bahia)  approaches 
H.  p.  atricapillus  in  size  and  coloration,  having  the  under  parts  white,  only  the  sides 
cinereous,  and  the  lower  flanks  washed  with  buff.  The  only  female  examined,  a  Bahia 
trade  skin,  differs  from  atricapillus  by  being  less  buffy  on  forehead  and  sides  of 
head,  and  more  grayish  buff  underneath. 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Four  d1  o*  ad.  from  "Bahia"         51-52  44-46  14-14)4 

One  cf  from  Lamarao  51  tf  50  13 

One  9  from  "Bahia"  48^  42  i3>£  — C.E.H. 

b  Herpsilochmus  pileatus  atricapillus  PELZELN:  Similar  to  H.  p.  pileatus,  but 
larger,  especially  tail  longer,  bill  much  stronger  and  larger;  under  parts  in  adult  male 
white,  only  the  sides  of  the  chest  being  cinereous,  flanks  and  under  tail  coverts  more 


172  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

ser.),  8, 1906,  p.  43  (Goyaz) ;  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907, 
p.  209  (Itapurd,  Bebedouro,  n.  Sao  Paulo);  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  i, 
No.  2,  1909,  p.  23  (Ledesma,  Jujuy);  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool., 
16,  1909,  p.  221  (Rio  San  Francisco,  Jujuy);  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis.,  i, 
No.  6,  1914,  p.  327  (Ledesma,  Rio  S.  Francisco,  Jujuy);  REISER,  Denkschr. 
math.-naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  1910,  p.  66  (Porto  de  Pedra,  Rio 
Preto,  nw.  Bahia;  Lagoa  do  Passao,  Lake  of  Missao,  near  Parnagua;  S.  Gon- 
calinho,  Rio  Parnahyba,  Piauhy;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Herpsilochmus  pileatus  atricapillus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  69  (Rio 
Thesouras,  Faz.  Esperanga,  city  of  Goyaz,  Goyaz;  characters),  71  (range); 
idem,  1.  c.,  28,  1921,  p.  205  (e.  Bolivia),  206  (corr.  range);  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  18,  1910,  p.  429  (Ledesma,  Jujuy). 

Tamnophilus  pileata  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY, 
Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  1837,  p.  12  (Chiquitos,  e.  Bolivia;  spec, 
in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Thamnophilus  pileatus  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  175 
(Mission  de  S.  Jos6,  Chiquitos;  =  o*  ad.). 

Formicivora  pileata  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras., 
3,  1856,  p.  78  ("Novo  Friburgo,"  Prov.  Rio,  locality  doubtless  erroneous, 
probably  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas;  spec,  in  Halle  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.) ; 
REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  365  (Lagoa  Santa, 
Sete  Lagoas,  Minas  Geraes). 

Herpsilochmus  pileatus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  233  (part;  Chiquitos, 
Bolivia,  and  Burmeister's  reference);  FORBES,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  347  (Garan- 
huns,  Pernambuco);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  ("Novo 
Friburgo,"  ex  BURMEISTER). 

Herpsilochmus  pileatus  pileatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  70  (part; 
Lagoa  Santa,  Minas;  "Novo  Friburgo,"  Prov.  Rio). 

or  less  tinged  with  buff;  female  with  darker  ochraceous  spots  on  forehead,  and 
brighter  buff  Bunder  parts. 

SPECIMENS  FROM  DIFFERENT  LOCALITIES  MEASURE  AS  FOLLOWS: 

MALES  WING  TAIL  BILL 

One  from  Rio  Parana,  S.  Paulo  (type)  57  57                       15 

One  from  Goyaz  54  55                       15 

One  from  Rio  Preto,  nw.  Bahia  56  64(1)  15  # 

One  from  Piauhy  52  56^ 

Three  from  Ceara  52,52,53  54,55,56 

Two  from  near  Bagagem,  Minas  54,56  6o,6o>£ 

Two  from  e.  Bolivia  52,54  55,-                        *5 

Three  from  Jujuy  53,54,54  55,56,56  14-15 

FEMALES 

Two  from  Rio  Parana,  S.  Paulo  54,57  55,59                     15 

Four  from  Goyaz  53-55  55t58,58,6o              14-15 

Two  from  Piauhy  50,52^  53,56                    15^ 

One  from  Pernambuco  52  56 

One  from  near  Bagagem,  Minas  53  }4  59                     14.^ 

One  from  Jujuy  53  56                        15 
E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  173 

Tamnophilus  affinis  (not  of  SPIX,  1825)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av., 
i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2, 1837,  p.  12  (Chiquitos,  Bolivia;  =  9  ad.);  D'ORBIGNY, 
Voyage  AmeY.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  175  (Santa  Ana  de  Chiquitos,  Bolivia). 

Herpsilochmus  sp.  inc.,  FORBES,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  347  (Macuca,  Prov.  Pernambuco; 
one  9  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Tableland  of  central  Brazil,  in  states  of  (northern)  Sao 
Paulo  ( Parana-Tie"  te"  region),  Goyaz,  (western)  Minas  Geraes  (Lagoa 
Santa,  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem),  extending  east  to  northwestern 
Bahia  (Rio  Preto),  Pernambuco  (Macuca,  Garanhuns),  Ceard  and 
Piauhy;  eastern  Bolivia  (Chiquitos,  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra);  north- 
western Argentina,  Prov.  Jujuy  (Cafetal,  Ledesma,  Rio  San  Francisco). 

3:  Brazil  (Serra  Baturite,  Ceara). 

Herpsilochmus  pileatus  motacilloides   Taczanowski.*    WAGTAIL  ANT- 
BIRD. 

Herpsilochmus  motacilloides  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  136  ("Mar- 
aynioc,"  Dept.  Junin,  c.  Peru;  descr.  9  or  c?  juv.),  530  (same  locality); 
idem,  Orn.  PeYou,  2,  1884,  p.  35  ("Maraynioc") ;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZ- 
MANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  381  (La  Gloria,  Garita  del  Sol,  Chanchamayo 
district;  descr.  o",  9  ad.);  idem,  Ornis,  13,  Sept.  1906,  p.  94  (Idma,  Uru- 
bamba  Valley,  ce.  Peru);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  117,  1921,  p.  79  (Idma, 
Urubamba  Valley). 

Herpsilochmus  pileatus  motacilloides  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  70,  71 
(characters,  range). 

Range:  Central  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Junin  (Chanchamayo,  Vitoc,  etc.) 
and  northern  Cuzco  (Idma,  Urubamba  Valley). 

Herpsilochmus  sticturus  sticturus  Salving  SPOTTED-TAILED  ANTBIRD. 

Herpsilochmus  sticturus  SALVIN,  Ibis,  (sth  ser.),  3,  1885,  p.  424  (Bartica  Grove 
and  Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana;  types  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.) ; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  245  (Camacusa,  Bartica  Grove); 

•  Herpsilochmus  pileatus  motacilloides  TACZ.  :  Male  resembles  H.  p.  atricapillus  in 
size  and  heavy  bill,  but  differs  chiefly  by  lacking  every  trace  of  white  at  base  of  inter- 
scapulars,  by  having  longer  white  tips  to  the  lateral  rectrices,  a  distinct  black  spot 
in  front  of  the  eye,  and  finally  the  breast  and  abdomen  tinged  with  pale  yellowish 
instead  of  pure  white.  Wing  54  (Vitoc),  56  (Idma);  tail  53-59;  bill  15.  The  female 
unknown  to  the  authors,  is  stated  by  the  late  Count  Berlepsch  to  differ  from  that 
of  atricapillus  in  deeper  ochreous  forehead  and  paler,  yellowish  white  instead  of 
buff  under  parts. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Herpsilochmus  sticturus  sticturus  SALVIN:  Differs  from  H.  p.  pileatus  in  decid 
edly  smaller  size,  especially  shorter  tail;  in  the  possession  of  a  distinct  black  loral 
streak,  and  in  the  central  rectrices  having,  on  the  inner  web,  from  three  to  five  sep- 
arate white  marginal  spots,  instead  of  a  continuous  white  edge  terminating  about 
five  millimetres  before  the  tip,  as  is  invariably  the  case  in  the  races  of  the  H.  pileatus 
group.  In  some  specimens  (one  from  the  Rio  Yuruan,  Venezuela,  one  each  from 


174  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Phil.  Paris,  (gth  sen),  8,  1906,  p.  43 
(Camacusa,  Cayenne;  descr.  9);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  14,  1908, 
p.  13  (Cayenne;  o"  juv.);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  158  (Cayenne), 
320  (Saint-Jean-du-Maroni,  French  Guiana);  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i, 
1917,  p.  132  (Bartica);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  38  (Supe- 
naam,  Great  Falls  of  the  Demerara,  Bartica,  Camacusa). 

Herpsilochmus  sticturus  sticturus  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
62,  No.  2,  1918,  p.  68  (Lelydorp,  Surinam). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana,  and  adjoining  portion 
of  eastern  Venezuela  (Rio  Yuruan).* 

Herpsilochmus  sticturus  nigrescens   Todd.b    CAURA  SPOTTED-TAILED 
ANTBIRD. 

Herpsilochmus  sticturus  nigrescens  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  28,  April 
1915,  p.  80  (Maripa,  Caura  River,  Venezuela;  type  in  Carnegie  Museum 
examined);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  285  (Maripa). 

Range:   Central  Venezuela  (Caura  Valley). 

Ourumee  and  Bartica  Grove,  British  Guiana)  there  are  a  number  of  corresponding 
smaller  white  spots  on  the  border  of  the  outer  web.  As  in  pileatus,  the  back  is  chiefly 
light  slate  gray,  with  a  small,  concealed  white  interscapular  patch,  slightly  clouded 
with  blackish ;  the  under  parts,  in  the  adult  male,  are  white,  shaded  with  pale  gray  across 
breast  and  along  sides.  I  feel  somewhat  uncertain  as  to  the  normal  coloration  of  the 
female.  An  unquestionable  adult  bird  of  this  sex  from  Saint-Jean-du-Maroni,  French 
Guiana,  has  the  forehead  narrowly  streaked  with  buff,  the  rest  of  the  pileum  marked 
with  large  white  longitudinal  spots;  under  parts  white,  foreneck  bright  buff,  sides 
pale  olivaceous  gray.  It  thus  resembles,  in  style  of  coloration,  the  females  of  pileatus 
and  atricapillus.  Three  other  specimens  from  Cayenne  and  two  sexed  females  from 
British  Guiana,  however,  more  nearly  resemble  the  male  below,  except  for  a  faint 
buffy  wash  across  the  foreneck,  and  the  whole  pileum,  from  the  forehead  to  the  nape, 
is  spotted  with  dull  ferruginous.  H.  s.  sticturus  may  be  conspecific  with  H.  pileatus, 
but  until  its  plumages  are  better  understood,  it  is  better  treated  as  a  distinct  species. 

WING          TAIL          BILL 

Seven  cfcf  ad.  British  Guiana  (including  the  type)  46)^-49  35-38 

One  o"  ad.  Saint-Jean-du-Maroni,  French  Guiana  49  38 

Two  cfcf  ad.  Rio  Yuruan,  e.  Venezuela  48,48  X  35.36 

Two  9  9  from  British  Guiana  47,48  33,37 

One  9  from  Saint-Jean-du-Maroni  49  39  14 

Three  9  9  from  Cayenne  47-48  33-38 

•  Two  males  in  the  Carnegie  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Herpsilochmus  sticturus  nigrescens  TODD:  Similar  to  H.  s.  sticturus,  but  male 
darker  slate  gray  above,  with  more  black  on  anterior  back;  under  parts  giay,  only  a 
nanow  stripe  along  abdominal  line  white,  and  chest  indistinctly  flammulated  with 
whitish;  female,  like  the  majority  of  sticturus,  with  dull  ferruginous  spots  on  pileum, 
but  distinguishable  by  darker  slate  gray  back,  more  grayish  (less  whitish)  throat, 
deeper  buffy  chest  and  darker  buffy  gray  flanks.  Markings  of  central  rectrices 
subject  to  individual  variation,  being  either  confined  to  inner,  or  also  faintly  indicated 
on  outer  web.  Wing  (three  o"o")  49,  (two  9  9)  47,  48;  tail  36-39;  bill  13/^-15. 

This  race  replaces  H.  s.  sticturus  in  the  Caura  Valley,  Venezuela.  Besides 
the  types  from  Maripa,  I  have  examined  three  additional  examples  in  the  Tring 
Museum.— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  175 

Herpsilochmus  dorsimaculatus  Pelzeln*  SPOTTED-BACKED  ANTBIRD. 

Herpsilochmus  dorsimaculatus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  60, 
150  (Marabitanas  [type]  and  Rio  Vaupe,  upper  Rio  Negro;  spec,  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  JEERING,  Cat.  P.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  209 
(Rio  Negro). 

Herpsilochmus  sticturus  sticturus  (not  of  SALVIN)  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst., 
Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  285  (Boca  de  Sima,  Rio  Cunucunuma,  upper  Orinoco; 
o"  ad.  in  American  Museum  Nat.  Hist,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Northwestern  Brazil  (Rio  Vaupe"  and  Marabitanas,  upper 
Rio  Negro)  and  southern  Venezuela  (upper  Caura  River  ;b  Cunucunuma 
River,  upper  Orinoco).0 

Herpsilochmus  roraimae  Hellmayr.*  RORAIMA  ANTBIRD. 

Herpsilochmus  roraimae  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  1903,  p.  208 

(Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana;  types  in  Collection  Berlepsch);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit. 

Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  39  (Mt.  Roraima,  Mt.  Twek-quay,  Carimang  River, 

Brit.  Guiana). 

Herpsilochmus  sp.  inc.,  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  425  (Roraima). 
Herpsilochmus  dorsimaculatus  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 

15,  1890,  p.  246  (Roraima,  Mt.  Twek-quay). 

Range:   Mountains  of  British  Guiana  (Roraima,  Mt.  Twek-quay). 

•  Herpsilochmus  dorsimaculatus  PELZELN:    This  very  distinct  species  may  be 
immediately  recognized  from  H.  s.  sticturus,  which  it  resembles  in  coloration  of 
under  parts  (white,  tinged  with  light  gray  on  chest  and  sides)  and  markings  of 
central  rectrices   (inner  web  with  three  or  four  separated  large  white  marginal 
spots),  by  having  the  upper  back  broadly  striped  with  black  and  white  (instead  of 
light  gray,  slightly  variegated  with  black  and  white  at  base)  with  the  basal  pcrtion 
of  the  interscapulars  wholly  white;  the  upper  tail  coverts  deep  black  (not  slate 
gray),  and  larger  size,  particularly  stronger  bill.    The  female  has  the  forehead  spotted 
with  deep  ochraceous,  the  rest  of  the  pileum  marked  with  large,  longitudinal  spots 
of  white;  the  lores  ochraceous;  the  malar  region,  sides  of  neck  and  chest  bright  buff, 
the  middle  of  the  abdomen  creamy  white,  flanks  dull  grayish.    It  bears  a  certain 
likeness  to  the  female  of  H.  s.  sticturus  from  Saint- Jean-du-Maroni,  as  described 
above,  but  has  the  back  black  and  white  (instead  of  light  gray),  with  an  extensive 
white  interscapular  blotch,  the  upper  tail  coverts  deep  black,  while  the  tail  and 
bill  are  decidedly  longer. 

WING  TAIL             BILL 

Three  o*  d"  ad.  from  the  upper  Rio  Negro              50-50^  42-43               15-16 

One  d*  ad.  from  the  upper  Caura,  Venezuela             52  44^ 

One  o*  ad.  from  Rio  Cunucunuma,  Venezuela         50^  43 

Two  9  9  ad.  from  the  upper  Rio  Negro                     50  45 
— C.  E.  H. 

b  An  adult  male  obtained  by  M.  A.  Carriker,  Jr.,  on  October  28,  1909,  in 
Carnegie  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

•  An  adult  male  secured  by  Miller  and  Iglseder  on  March  9,  1913,  in  American 
Museum  Nat.  Hist,  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

d  Herpsilochmus  roraimae  HELLMAYR  :  Differs  from  H.  dorsimaculatus  in  much 
longer  tail;  in  having  the  back  mainly  light  gray,  with  but  a  limited  amount  of  black 
and  white  spotting  in  its  anterior  portion;  the  median  rectrices  marked  on  either  web 
with  five  to  seven  large  white  spots,  nearly  confluent  along  the  shaft;  female  with 
forehead  not  ochraceous,  but  like  the  crown  spotted  with  pure  white.  Wing  (seven 
0*0")  53-57,  (six  9  9)  54-56;  tail  53-57!  bill  15-16.— C.  E.  H. 


176  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Herpsilochmus  pectoralis  Sclater.*  PECTORAL  ANTBIRD. 

Herpsilochmus  pectoralis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  25,  1857,  p.  132  (locality 
unknown;  we  suggest  Bahia,  e.  Brazil;  descr.  o71);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  233 
(Brazil;  descr.  cf);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  80,  Notes  (Bahia); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  247  (Bahia;  descr.  d");  JHERING, 
Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  209  (Bahia);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908, 
p.  71  (Bahia;  crit. ;  descr.  9). 

Range:  Coast  district  of  eastern  Brazil  (in  states  of  Bahia  and 
Maranhao). 

*Herpsilochmus  longirostris  Pelzeln.b  LONG-BILLED  ANTBIRD. 

Herpsilochmus  longirostris  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  80,  150 
(Porto  do  Rio  Parand,  n.  Sao  Paulo;  Rio  Araguay,  Goyaz;  Cuyabd  and  Rio 
Guapor£,  Matto  Grosso;  we  accept  Cuyabd  as  type  locality;  spec,  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  246  (Chapada,  Matto  Grosso);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  5, 
J893,  p.  120  (Chapada);  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  209  (Barretos, 
n.  Sao  Paulo);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  71  (Faz.  Esperanca,  Rio 
Araguaya,  Goyaz;  characters);  REISER,  Denkschr.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  76,  1910,  p.  66  (Santa  Maria  [on  the  way  from  S.  Antonio  de 

•  Herpsilochmus  pectoralis  SCLATER:  Immediately  recognizable  in  the  male  sex 
by  the  presence  of  a  broad  black  crescent  on  the  foreneck.  The  female  is  very  similar 
to  that  of  H.  longirostris,  having  the  head  bright  tawny  or  tawny  ochraceous,  and 
the  under  parts  ochraceous  (darkest  on  foreneck  and  breast,  paler  on  throat). 
It  differs,  however,  by  the  upper  tail  coverts  being  brownish  olive  gray  tipped  with 
white  (instead  of  uniform  cinereous) ;  the  back  conspicuously  washed  with  brownish 
olive  (instead  of  being  clear  cinereous  or  olive  gray) ,  much  shorter  white  tips  to  the 
lateral  rectrices;  besides,  the  tail  is  decidedly  shorter.  Wing  (seven  cfcf1)  56-60, 
(six  9  9)  53,^-56;  tail  49-52,  (9)  48-5°;  bill  15^-16^. 

A  bird  in  female  plumage,  though  marked  as  "male"  by  the  collector,  F. 
Schwanda,  from  Primeira  Cruz,  coast  region  of  Maranhao,  May  5,  1906,  Tring 
Museum,  agrees  in  coloration  with  Bahia  specimens,  but  has  a  much  shorter  tail. 
Wing  54;  tail  43;  bill  15.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Herpsilochmus  longirostris  PELZELN:  Most  nearly  related  to  H.  pectoralis  and 
agreeing  in  structure  and  proportions,  but  wings  somewhat,  tail  considerably  longer; 
white  tips  to  rectrices  much  wider  (at  least  20  mm.  on  the  two  lateral  pairs  as  against 
12  to  13  mm.  in  H.  pectoralis).  Besides,  the  male  has  the  upper  tail  coverts  cinereous 
(instead  of  black),  and  the  continuous  black  jugular  band  (cf  pectoralis)  is  replaced 
by  numerous  small  blackish  or  dark  gray  spots;  while  the  female  is  clear  cineieous 
or  olive  gray  above,  without  any  brownish  wash,  and  lacks  the  white  tips  to  the 
upper  tail  coverts. 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Two  d"o*  ad.  from  Goyaz  59-6o  55,56  i6>£ 

Seven  c?1  c?1  ad.  from  Matto  Grosso  61-64  56-59  16-17 

Two  9  9  from  n.  Sao  Paulo  62  57,6o  16-17 

Four  9  9  from  Goyaz  57#-6o  55-57  16-17 

Four  9  9  from  Matto  Grosso  59-63  55-57  16-17^ 

Two  9  9  from  Piauhy  62,63  57,58  16,17 

The  male  of  H.  longirostris  is  quite  distinct  from  H.  pileatus  atricapillus  PELZ., 
by  much  larger  bill;  by  lacking  the  black  postocular  stripe;  by  having  the  foreneck 
and  chest  freckled  or  spotted  with  dark  gray  or  blackish;  the  sides  and  under  tail 
coverts  extensively  gray:  larger  white  spots  on  upper  wing  coverts,  and  much  longer 
white  tips  to  lateral  rectrices.— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  177 

Gilboez  to  Santa  Philomena],  Santa  Philomena,  s.  Piauhy;  spec,  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.);  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Frang.  d'Orn.,  No.  96,  1917,  p.  55  (Pocon6, 
Matto  Grosso). 

Range:  Tableland  of  Brazil,  in  northern  Sao  Paulo  (Parana-Tie'te' 
district),  in  states  of  Matto  Grosso  (Rio  Guapore",  Pogone",  Cuyaba, 
Chapada),  Goyaz  (Rio  Araguay;  Faz.  Esperanga  near  city  of  Goyaz), 
and  southern  Piauhy  (Santa  Philomena).* 

2:  Brazil  (Chapada,  Matto  Grosso). 

"Herpsilochmus  axillaris  axillaris  (Tschudi).   TSCHUDI'S  ANTBIRD. 

Thamnophilus  axillaris  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10,  (i),  1844,  p.  278  (Peru; 
type  in  Mus.  Neuchatel  examined  by  C.  E.  H. ;  =9  ad.);  idem,  Faun.  Peru., 
Aves,  1846,  p.  174  (about  10°  s.  lat.  east  of  the  Andes,  Peru);  BERLEPSCH 
and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Ornith.,  53,  1905,  p.  16  (crit.). 

Herpsilochmus  axillaris  TACZANOWSKI,  Om.  Perou,  2, 1884,  p.  35  (Huambo,  Peru; 
descr.  cf,  9,  juv.);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  1906,  p.  117 
(Huaynapata,  Marcapata,  se.  Peru;  spec.,  now  in  Vienna  Museum,  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.). 

Herpsilochmus  puncticeps  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  30  (Huambo, 
Dept.  Loreto). 

Range :  Tropical  zone  of  Peru  in  depts.  of  Loreto  (Huambo),  Hudnuco 
(Huachipa)  and  Cuzco  (Huaynapata,  Marcapata  Valley). b 

i:   Peru  (Huachipa  i). 

Herpsilochmus   axillaris   aequatorialis    Taczanowski  and    Berlepsch.0 
ECUADORIAN  ANTBIRD. 

Herpsilochmus  axillaris  aequatorialis  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1885,  p.  100  (Machay,  Mapoto,  e.  Ecuador). 

Range:  Eastern  Ecuador  (Machay,  Mapoto). 

•  Two  females  agree  in  every  respect  with  those  from  Matto  Grosso  and 
unquestionably  belong  to  H.  longirostris,  while  a  single  (female)  example  from  the 
coast  region  of  the  neighboring  State  of  Maranhao  is  obviously  referable  to  H. 
pectoralis. — C.  E.  H. 

b  A  female  from  Marcapata  is  identical  with  Tschudi's  type,  both  having  the  crown 
cinnamon  rufous  (slightly  duller  than  in  rufimarginatus)  and  the  two  lateral  pairs 
of  rectrices,  except  for  the  basal  half  of  the  inner  web,  entirely  white.  Another 
from  Huachipa  (Huanuco)  has  only  the  anterior  portion  of  the  crown  (as  far  back 
as  the  eyes)  much  duller  rufous,  while  the  lateral  rectrices  show  but  an  extensive 
apical  spot  of  white  on  both  webs.  Wing  (three  9  9)  50-51;  tail  48;  bill  14.  From 
the  female  of  the  rufimarginatus  group  it  is  easily  distinguishable  by  the  grayish 
olive  (instead  of  chestnut  rufous)  edging  to  the  quills. — C.  E.  H. 

e  Herpsilochmus  axillaris  aequalorialis  TACZ.  and  BERL.  :  Male  stated  to  differ 
from  H.  a.  axillaris  by  the  much  smaller  white  spots  of  the  head  being  restricted  to 
the  middle  line  of  the  crown,  leaving  the  lateral  portion  plain  black.  Wing  52; 
tail  45 y*t  48^;  bill  15.  Unknown  to  the  authors. 


1 78  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Herpsilochmus  rufimarginatus  rufimarginatus  (Temminck).    RUFOUS- 
WINGED  ANTBIRD. 

Myothera  rufimarginata  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  22,  May  1822,  pi.  132, 
fig-  i  ((cf),  z(9)  ("Br6sil,"  we  suggest  Rio  de  Janeiro  as  type  locality). 

Myiothera  scapularis  (Lichtenstein  Ms.)  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2), 
1831,  p.  1083  (Prov.  Bahia). 

Myiothera  variegata  (Lichtenstein  Ms.)  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831, 
p.  1086,  (se.  Brazil;  no  locality  specified). 

Dendrooecia  erythroptera  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  1901,  p.  138  (Alto  Parand, 
Paraguay). 

Formicivora  rufimarginata  MENETRIES,  M£m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P£tersb.,  (6th  ser.), 
3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  487  (Rio  Paraiba,  Prov.  Rio);  BURMEISTER, 
Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  79  (Bahia). 

Herpsilochmus  rufimarginatus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  233  (se.  Bra- 
zil; descr.  o",  9 );  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  80  (part;  Rio  de  Janeiro; 
Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo);  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1874,  p.  86  (Cantagallo, 
Prov.  Rio);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  247  (se.  Brazil);  JHER- 
ING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  240  (Iguap6,  S.  Paulo);  idem,  1.  c.,  4,  1900, 
p.  158  (Cantagallo);  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  25,  1902,  p.  128  (Sapu- 
cay,  Paraguay);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  210  (Rincao, 
Ubatuba,  Iguapg,  S.  Paulo;  Puerto  Bertoni,  Paraguay);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910, 
p.  521  (Sapucay);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  1910,  p.  289 
(Alto  Parana);  idem,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  I,  1914,  p.  327  (Paraguay;  Iguazii, 
Misiones). 

Herpsilochmus  rufimarginata  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889, 
p.  251  (crit.  on  Wied's  types). 

Herpsilochmus  rufimarginatus  rufimarginatus  HELLMAYR,  Verhandl.  Orn.  Ges. 
Bay.,  12,  No.  2,  1915,  p.  147  (Braco  do  Sul,  Espirito  Santo;  crit.);  idem,  Arch. 
Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  100  in  text  (char.,  range). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  State  of  Bahia  to  Sao  Paulo; 
Paraguay;  northeastern  Argentina  (Iguazu,  Misiones)." 

*Herpsilochmus  rufimarginatus  frater  Sclater  and  Salvin.b    NORTHERN 
RUFOUS-WINGED  ANTBIRD. 

Herpsilochmus  frater  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  159  (Sara- 
yacu,  e.  Ecuador;  types  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER, 

•  Birds  from  w.  Matto  Grosso  and  Peru  are  intermediate  between  H.  r.  rufi- 
marginatus and  H.  r.  frater.  The  males  resemble  the  former  in  small  amount  of  black 
en  interscapular  region,  while  the  females  possess  the  bright  cinnamon  rufous  crown 
and  the  white  throat  of  frater;  size  of  bill  variable.  More  satisfactory  material  is 
required  to  definitely  settle  the  status  of  this  form  to  which  the  following  refer- 
ences belong: 

Herpsilochmus  rufimarginatus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  80  (part;  Engen- 
ho  do  Gama,  w.  Matto  Grosso);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  53°  (Monter- 
ico,  Peru);  idem,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  34  (Monterico);  HELLMAYR,  Archiv.  Naturg., 
8s,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  loo  (Yahuarmayo,  Rio  Inambari,  se.  Peru). — C.  E.  H. 

b  Herpsilochmus  rufimarginatus  frater  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Differs  from 
H.  r.  rufimarginatus  in  decidedly  stronger,  particularly  broader  bill;  male  with  ante- 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  179 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  248  (Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  "Bogota";  San 
Esteban,  Venezuela);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  285  (Maraj6); 
idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  287  (Peixe-Boi,  Para;  Maraj6). 

Herpsilochmus  rufimarginatus  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1868,  p.  628  (San  Esteban,  Venezuela). 

Herpsilochmus  rufimarginatus  frater  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
1902,  p.  75  (Suapure,  Caura  River);  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg., 
78,  A,  Heft  5,  1912,  p.  125  (San  Esteban);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci. 
Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  285  (Suapure);  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  83,  A,  Heft  10, 
1920,  p.  101,  in  text  (characters). 

Herpsilochmus  rufomarginatus  frater  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
191?.  P-  3?6  (Buena  Vista,  se.  Colombia). 

Range:  Eastern  Ecuador;  eastern  Colombia  (east  slope  of  eastern 
Andes;  "Bogota"  collections);  Venezuela  (north  coast  near  San  Este- 
ban11; Suapure,  Caura  Valley;  El  Callao,  Rio  Yuruari;  Upata,  south  of 
the  lower  Orinoco);  northeastern  Brazil  (Peixe-Boi,  Para  district; 
Santa  Ana,  Maguary,  Isl.  of  Marajo;  Maranhao).b 

2:  Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  2). 

Herpsilochmus  rufimarginatus  exiguus    Nelson."    PANAMA  RUFOUS- 
WINGED  ANTBIRD. 

Herpsilochmus  rufimarginatus  exiguus  NELSON,  Smithson.  Misc.  Coll.,  60, 
No.  3,  Sept.  1912,  p.  n  (Cana,  e.  Panama). 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Cana,  Boca  de  Cupe). 


Genus  MICRORHOPIAS  Sclater. 

Microrhopias  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  182  (type  by  subs, 
desig.,  SCLATER,  1890,  Thamnophilus  quixensis  CORNALIA). 

rior  portion  of  back  mainly  black  (the  amount  is,  however,  individually  variable, 
and  some  specimens  have  no  more  black  than  the  southern  race) ;  female  with  crown 
much  brighter  rufous,  throat  pure  white,  and  foreneck  generally  tinged  with  buff. 
The  edges  of  the  primaries  are  frequently  but  not  constantly  darker  chestnut. 
Wing  50-53;  tail  43-49,  once  41;  bill  14-16.  Twenty-three  specimens  (2  Ecuador, 
10  "Bogota,"  i  San  Esteban,  5  Caura.,  2  El  Callao,  i  Upata)  compared  with  ten 
from  se.  Brazil  (Bahia,  Espirito  Santo,  Rio,  Sao  Paulo)  and  one  from  Paraguay 
(Sapucay).— C.  E.  H. 

•  The  locality  "Caripe,  Bermudez"  requires  confirmation. 

b  I  have  not  seen  specimens  from  the  Pard  district.  A  single  female  from 
Maraj6  (Maguary)  agrees  in  coloration  with  that  of  frater,  but  has  the  slender 
bill  of  rufimarginatus. — C.  E.  H. 

e  Herpsilochmus  rufimarginatus  exiguus  NELSON:  This  form,  unknown  to  the 
authors,  is  obviously  similar  to  H.  r.  frater,  which  it  resembles  in  the  strong  bill  and 
the  large  amount  of  black  on  the  upper  back,  but  appears  to  be  decidedly  smaller. 
Wing  48;  tail  37^- 


i8o  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Microrhopias  quixensis  boucardi  (Sclater).   BOUCARD'S  ANT  WREN. 

Formicivora  boucardi  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  26,  1858,  p.  300  (Acatepec,  state 
of  Oaxaca,  se.  Mexico;  descr.  o*);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  183, 
pi.  1 6  (o",  9)  (Oaxaca,  Mexico;  Choctum,  Vera  Paz,  Guatemala);  idem, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  254  (part;  spec,  a-m,  Oaxaca,  Acatepec, 
Mexico;  Guatemala);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
1892,  p.  216  (part;  Mexico,  Guatemala,  Honduras);  DEARBORN,  Field 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Publ.,  Orn.  Ser.,  x,  1907,  p.  109  (Los  Amates,  Guatemala). 

Microrhopias  boucardi  boucardi  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  19", 
p.  78  (from  se.  Mexico  to  British  Honduras). 

Range:  Northern  Central  America,  from  southeastern  Mexico  (in 
states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca  and  Tabasco)  through  Guatemala  to  Hon- 
duras and  British  Honduras. 

4:  Guatemala  (Guatemala  i,  Los  Amates  2),  British  Honduras 
(Middlesex  i). 

*Microrhopias  quixensis  virgata  (LAWRENCE).   PANAMA  ANT  WREN. 

Formicivora  virgata  LAWRENCE,  Ibis,  5,  April  1863,  p.  182  (Lion  Hill,  Panama)^; 

SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  217  (Chon- 

tales,  Nicaragua;  Panama). 
Formicivora  boucardi  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 

p.  254  (part;  spec,  n-x,  Chontales,  Nicaragua;  Costa  Rica,  Chiriqui,  Panama); 

SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 1892,  p.  216  (part;  Nicar- 
agua, Costa  Rica,  Chiriqui,  Panama). 
Formicivora  boucardi  virgata  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  610 

(Costa  Rica;  habits). 
Microrhopias  boucardi  virgata  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  79 

(Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica,  and  Panama  [Divala,  Bugaba,  Chiriqui;  Panama]); 

STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  70,  1918,  p.  260  (Gatun,  Panama). 

Range:  Southern  Central  America,  from  Nicaragua  through  Costa 
Rica  to  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  (Lion  Hill,  Gatun). b 

6:  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  i,  Matagalpa  i),  Costa 
Rica  (Boruca  2,  Siguirres  i,  Pozo  del  Rio  Grande  i). 

*Microrhopias   quixensis   consobrina    (Sclater).     WEST   ECUADORIAN 
ANT  WREN. 

Formicivora  consobrina  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p  279  (Babahoyo,  w.  Ecu- 
ador; descr.  o",  9 ),  294  (Esmeraldas) ;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1879,  p.  525 
(Pocune,  Antioquia) ;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1883,  p.  565  (Chim- 
bo);  SCLATE'R,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  255  (part;  Babahoyo,  Esmeral- 

a  The  white  mesial  streaks  on  the  sides  of  the  breast  in  the  male  type  are  an 
individual  peculiarity. 

b  No  Panama  specimens  seen  by  us. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  181 

das,  Balzar,  "Sarayacu,"  w.  Ecuador;  Pocune,  "Medellin,"  Antioquia,  Col- 
ombia; "Bogota"  [?]);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
1899,  p.  30  (Babahoyo,  Rio  Peripa,  w.  Ecuador);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902, 
p.  65  (S.  Nicolas,  Gualea,  w.  Ecuador);  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  geogr.  Mes. 
Arc  M6rid.  Equat.,  9,  1911,  p.  B  34  (Santo  Domingo). 

(?)  Pyriglena  quixenis  (not  of  CORNALIA)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855, 
p.  147  ("Bogota"). 

Formicivora  quixensis  (not  of  CORNALIA)  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860, 
p.  190  (Rio  Truando). 

Formicivora  quixensis  consobrina  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1163  (San 
Joaquim  del  Choc6,  Sipi,  Novita,  w.  Colombia). 

Microrhopias  boucardi  consobrina  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  80  (nw.  Colombia,  Rio  Truando,  to  w.  Ecuador;  excl.  Cayenne);  CHAP- 
MAN, Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  378  (Alto  Bonito,  Novitd, 
S.  Jos6,  w.  Colombia;  Puerto  Valdivia,  lower  Cauca);  BANGS  and  B  ARBOUR, 
Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  1922,  r>.  207  (Mt.  Sap6,  Jesusito,  e.  Darien). 

Range:  From  eastern  Darien  (Sambu  Valley)  and  northwestern 
Colombia  (Rio  Truando)  along  the  Pacific  coast  of  Colombia  south  to 
Chimbo,  western  Ecuador,  also  on  the  lower  Cauca  (Puerto  Valdivia, 
Rio  Pocune),  Antioquia. » 

3:  Colombia  (Tad6,  Rio  San  Juan,  Choco  i),  Ecuador  (Pambilar, 
Prov.  Esmeraldas  2). 

Microrhopias    quixensis   quixensis    (Cornalia).b     UPPER   AMAZONIAN 
ANT  WREN. 

Thamnophilus  quixensis  CORNALIA,  Vertebrat.  Synopsis  Mus.  Mediol.  exstant. 

Osculati  coll.,  1849,  p.  12°  (e.  Ecuador;  =  c?  ad.). 
Thamnophilus  rufiventer  CORNALIA,  1.  c.,  p.  12°  (e.  Ecuador;  =9). 
Pyriglena  quixensis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22,  1854,  p.  112  (Quijos,  e.  Ecuador; 

descr.  o*);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  66  (Rio  Napo). 

•  I  cannot  detect  any  difference  between  eight  specimens  from  the  Choc<5  dis- 
trict of  Colombia  and  seven  from  nw.  Ecuador  (Prov.  Esmeraldas).  No  material 
seen  from  the  Truando,  Sambu  Valley  and  Cauca.  M.  q.  consobrina  differs  from 
M.  q.  virgata  by  smaller  bill,  much  longer  white  tips  to  the  lateral  rectrices,  and 
darker  chestnut  under  parts  of  the  female. 

Four  adult  males  from  w.  Colombia  measure:  Wing  48-49;  tail  45-48;  five  from 
nw.  Ecuador,  wing  48-5 1 ;  tail  46-48. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Microrhopias  quixensis  quixensis  (CORNALIA)  :  Male  similar  to  M.  q.  consobrina, 
but  white  tips  to  greater  wing  coverts  and  lateral  rectrices  averaging  smaller;  female 
with  under  parts  much  deeper  chestnut,  and  pileum,  sides  of  head  and  throat  (slightly 
glossy)  black,  the  throat  being,  in  all  the  other  races,  chestnut  or  tawny  chestnut 
like  the  breast.  Wing  50-52;  tail  47-49;  bill  13.  The  female,  in  intensity  of  the 
lower  surface,  resembles  that  of  M.  q.  bicolor,  but  has  the  throat  black,  the  pileum 
black  (like  the  back)  instead  of  sooty  gray,  and  the  white  tips  to  the  lateral  rectrices 
much  less  extended.  One  male,  two  females  from  e.  Ecuador  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

0  These  species  are  not  included  in  the  natural  history  appendix  of  either  the 
first  (1850)  or  second  (1854)  edition  of  Osculati's  Esplorazione  delle  Regione  Equa- 
torali. 


182  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pyriglena  rufiventris  SCLATER,  1.  c.,  22,  1854,  p.  112  (Quijos,  e.  Ecuador;  descr. 
9);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  67  (Rio  Napo). 

Formicivora  quixensis  SCLATER,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  241  (Rio  Napo;  c?,  9  descr.); 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1866,  p.  566  (ne.  Peru);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  275 
(Nauta,  ne.  Peru);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2, 1884,  p.  51  (Nauta;  Rio  Napo, 
Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  256  (Nauta; 
Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador). 

Range:  Eastern  Ecuador,  south  to  the  north  bank  of  the  Rio 
Maranon  (Nauta),  northeastern  Peru. 

Microrhopias  quixensis  tricolor  (Pelzeln).   WHITE-TAILED  ANT  WREN. 

Formicivora  bicolor  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  84,  156  (Destacamento 
do  Ribeirao,  Salto  do  Girao,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  Engenho  do  Gama, 
w.  Matto  Grosso;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  185  (Cosnipata,  se.  Peru);  SCLATER,  1.  c., 
1873,  p.  780  (Cosnipata);  TACZANOWSKI,  Om.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  50  (Cosni- 
pata; descr.  d",  9);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  95 
(lower  Beni,  Bolivia);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  256  (Rio 
Madeira  [  =  Salto  do  Girao];  Cosnipata);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905, 
p.  442  (Rio  Jurua) ;  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  213  (Rio  Jurua;  range,  excl. 
Cayenne);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  17  (Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z), 
66  (Teff6,  Rio  Solimoes),  373  (Borba,  Rio  Madeira);  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  1906,  p.  117  (Rio  Cadena,  Marcapata,  se.  Peru); 
SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  16  (Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Punis),  512 
(Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  289  (Boim, 
Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z;  Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Punis"). 

Formicivora  consobrina  (not  of  SCLATER)  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  5, 
1908,  p.  57  (Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Punis). 

Formicivora  quixensis  bicolor  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  363  (Calama, 
Rio  Madeira). 

Microrhopias  quixensis  bicolor  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10, 1920,  p. 
102  (Yahuarmayo,  Rio  San  Gaban,  n.  Puno,  se.  Peru;  crit.). 

Microrhopias  boucardi  bicolor  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  2,  1921,  p.  4 
(Rio  Tapaj6z;  Rio  Roosevelt,  Barao  Melgago;  Porto  Velho,  Rio  Madeira). 

Microrhopias  bicolor  subsp.,  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  117,  1921,  p.  80  (Rio 
Comberciato,  Urubamba  region,  Peru). 

Range :  Brazilian  Amazonia,  from  the  left  bank  of  the  Rio  Tapajoz 
on  the  southerly  affluents  of  the  Amazon  west  to  the  Rio  Solimoes 
(Teffe*)  and  the  Rio  Jurua,  south  to  western  and  northern  Matto  Grosso 
(Rio  Guapore",  Rio  Roosevelt);  northern  Bolivia  (Rio  Beni);  south- 
eastern Peru  (in  depts.  of  Cuzoo  and  northern  Puno  (Carabaya  region). b 

»  The  localities  on  the  north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon  (Arumanduba;  Sao 
Antonio  da  Cachoeira,  Rio  Jary)  very  likely  pertain  to  the  Guianan  race  M.  q.  micro- 
sticta  (BERL.). 

b  Birds  from  Peru  (north  slope  of  Sierra  of  Carabaya,  Cosnipata)  average 
slightly  larger,  with  stronger  bill,  and  usually  have  rather  longer  white  tips  to  the 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  183 

Microrhopias  quixensis  microsticta  (Berlepsch).*  CAYENNE  ANT  WREN. 

Formicivora  consobrina  microsticta.  BJ:RLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  157 
(Rio  Approuague,  French  Guiana;  type  in  Tring  Museum  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.),  320  (Saint-Jean-du-Maroni) ;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910, 
p.  363,  in  text  (diagn. ;  Saint- Jean-du-Maroni). 

Formicivora  consobrina  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862, 
p.  183  (part;  spec,  c,  Cayenne);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  255 
(part;  spec,  k,  Cayenne,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus. 
Paris,  14,  1908,  p.  13  (Cayenne). 

(?)  Formicivora  bicolor  (not  of  Pelzeln)  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914, 
p.  289  (part;  Rio  Jary,  Arumanduba,  north  bank  of  lower  Amazon). 

Range:    French  Guiana;  probably  also  on  north  bank  of  lower 
Amazon  (Rio  Jary,  Arumanduba). 

Microrhopias  quixensis  emiliae  Chapman*   EMILIA'S  ANT  WREN. 

Microrhopias  emiliae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  2,  Jan.  1921,  p.  3  (Alta 
Mira,  Rio  Xingu  [type];  Rio  Tocantins). 

Range:   Northern  Brazil,  on  the  south  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon, 
from  the  Xingu  east  to  the  Tocantins. 


Genus  NEORHOPIAS  Hellmayr." 

Formicivora  SWAINSON  (not  Formicivorus  TEMMINCK,  1807),  Zool.  Journ.,  a, 
No.  6,  July  1825,  p.  145  (type  by  subs,  design.,  Gray,  1840,  Formicivora 
nigricoUis  SWAINSON  =  Turdus  griseus  BODDAERT). 

outer  rectrices.  The  under  parts,  in  the  female  sex,  are  by  no  means  constantly 
darker.  These  differences  appear  to  me  too  insignificant  to  warrant  their  separation. 
See  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  102-103,  where  measurements 
are  given. 

•  Microrhopias  quixensis  microsticta  (BERLEPSCH)  :  Very  closely  related  to 
M.  q.  bicolor,  but  bill  slightly  larger,  white  tips  to  lateral  rectrices  shorter  (on  outer 
web  of  penultimate  rectrix  the  white  area  varies  from  1 8  to  20  against  23-30  mm. 
in  M.  q.  bicolor),  and  apical  spots  on  greater  upper  wing  coverts  as  a  rule  smaller. 
Female  with  entire  surface  chestnut  as  in  bicolor.  Wing  (six  o*c?)  52-53^,  (two 
9  9)  52;  tail  (cf)  48-51,  (9)  47-48;  bill  14-15.  This  form  is  readily  distinguished 
from  consobrina  by  much  longer  white  tail-end  and  much  smaller  white  spots  on 
greater  wing  coverts. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Microrhopias  quixensis  emiliae  CHAPMAN:  Male  similar  to  M.  q.  bicolor  and 
M.  q.  microsticta,  but  with  much  less  white  in  the  tail,  the  white  tip  on  the  outer- 
most rectrix  measuring  only  7  to  9  mm.  (against  15-18  in  microsticta,  18-25  in  bicolor); 
agreeing  with  M.  q.  virgata  in  extent  of  white  on  lateral  tail  feathers,  but  much 
larger;  female  blacker  above  than  either  of  its  allies,  and  abdomen  dull  black,  strongly 
contrasted  with  the  rich  chestnut  throat  and  breast.  Wing  (two  o"d")  55.  56,  (two 
9  9 )  53,  54;  tail  51-35;  bill  14^-15-  This  interesting  race  replaces  M.  q.  bicolor  east 
of  the  Tapaj6z.  By  its  close  resemblance,  in  the  male  sex,  to  M.  q.  virgata  it  proves 
that  all  the  black  Ant  Wrens  should  be  treated  as  races  of  a  single  species. — C.  E.  H. 

0  Neorhopias  HELLMAYR:  Most  nearly  related  to  Herpsilochmus  CABANIS,  but 
bill  very  differently  shaped,  being  much  mote  slender,  nai rower  and  strongly  com- 
pressed laterally  on  apical  portion.  From  Microrhopias  SCLATER,  with  which  some 
of  its  members  had  been  associated,  it  is  easily  separable  by  the  same  character  as 


184  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Neorhopias  HELLMAYR,  Anzeiger  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  3,  Oct.  1920,  p.  20  (type 
Formicivora  iheringi  HELLMAYR). 

Neorhopias  iheringi  (Hellmayr).*  JHERING'S  ANTBIRD. 

Formicivora  iheringi  HELLMAYR,  Rev.  Frang.  d'Orn.,  i,  No.  7,  Nov.  1909,  p.  98 
(Villa  Nova,  Serra  d'Espinhaco,  Prov.  Bahia,  e.  Brazil;  type  in  Museu 
Paulista). 

Range :   Interior  of  State  of  Bahia,  eastern  Brazil. 

*Neorhopias  grisea  grisea  (Boddaerf).   GUIANA  ANTBIRD. 

Turdus  grieseus  (sic)  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  Dec.  1783,  p.  39  (based  on  "Le 
Grisin,  de  Cayenne"  DAUBENTON,  PI.  enl.  643,  fig.  i  (=  cT):  Cayenne;  type 
in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Myrmothera  leucophrys  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  id.,  12,  1817, 
p.  114  ("la  Guyane"  =  Cayenne;  descr.  o"). 

Myiothera  superciliaris  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  44 
("Brasilia,  Cayana";  descr.  d",  9). 

Formicivora  nigricollis  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Joum.,  2,  No.  6,  July  1825,  p.  147 
(Catinga  woods  of  Humildez,  Prov.  Bahia). 

Thamnophilus  griseus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  1825,  p.  29,  pi.  41,  fig.  i  (part,  "of"; 
Para);  HELLMAYR,  Abhdl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  663 
(crit.). 

Myiothera  leucophrys  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1075  (descr. 
d",  9  ;  se.  Brazil,  no  locality  specified). 

Ellipura  grisea  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  1848,  p.  687 
(Brit.  Guiana);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  238  (monog.;  Cayenne, 
Brit.  Guiana;  Para;  se.  Brazil);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  181 
(Cayenne);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  83  (Pard;  Borba,  Rio 
Madeira;  Forte  do  Rio  Branco;  Rio  Icanna,  Rio  Negro  district;  S.  Vicente, 
Engenho  do  Gama,  Villa  Bella,  Matto  Grosso;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 
SCLATER  and  SAL  VIM,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  576  (Rio  Tocantins);  LA  YARD, 
Ibis,  1873,  p.  387  (Para);  FORBES,  1.  c.,  1881,  p.  348  (Parahyba;  Quipapa, 
Pernambuco);  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1885,  p.  426  (Merum6  Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana); 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  259  (part;  Wied's  types); 
RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  29  (Santarem);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 

well  as  by  obsolete  (instead  of  conspicuously  developed)  rictal  bristles  and  propor- 
tionately longer  tail;  from  Drymophila,  in  addition  to  the  shape  of  the  bill,  by  having 
twelve  instead  of  ten  rectrices. 

N.  grisea,  N.  melanogaster,  N.  rufa  and  allies  have  a  somewhat  stronger  bill  and 
wider,  more  rounded  rectrices  than  the  type,  with  which  they  otherwise  agree. — 
C.  E.  H. 

•  Neorhopias  iheringi  (HELLMAYR)  :  In  general  coloration  strikingly  similar  to 
Myrmothertda  axillaris  luctuosa  PELZELN,  but  male  with  lores  more  whitish,  cheeks 
and  auriculars  paler  slate  gray,  streaked  with  silvery  white;  feathers  of  throat  and 
breast  conspicuously  edged  with  whitish  or  slate  gray;  female  recognizable  by  its 
more  cinnamomeous  upper  tail  coverts  and  rectrices,  as  well  as  somewhat  deeper 
ochraceous  under  parts,  with  less  white  suffusion  along  flanks.  Wing  (o*)  51,  (9) 
51 X;  tail  53,  54,  outermost  rectiix  16;  bill  n#. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  185 

Brit.  Mus.,  is,  1890,  p.  249  (Merum6,  Quonga,  Brit.  Guiana;  Cayenne;  Rio 
Tocantins,  Para,  Pernambuco,  Bahia,  Brazil);  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  161 
(Amapa);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  n,  1904,  p.  176  (Mahury,  French 
Guiana);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  369  (S.  Antonio  do  Prata, 
Para);  JEERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  210  (part;  Santarem);  MENE- 
GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  37 
(Cayenne;  crit.  on  types);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  53,  1907,  p.  286 
(S.  Antonio  do  Prata;  Marajo,  Monte  Alegre,  Amapa);  idem,  1.  c.,  56,  1908, 
p.  532  (Alcobaca,  Tocantins);  idem,  1.  c.,  61,  1913,  p.  529  (ecology);  idem, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  288  (Providencia,  Benevides,  Santa  Isabel, 
Peixe-Boi,  S.  Antonio,  Para;  Rivers  Guama,  Tocantins,  Tapaj6z;  Cussary, 
Maraj6,  Amapa,  Monte  Alegre);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  157 
(Cayenne,  Roche- Marie,  French  Guiana) ;  REISER,  Denkschr.  math.-naturw. 
Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  1910,  p.  66  (part;  No.  92,  City  of  Bahia,  No.  1240, 
Ilha  S.  Martin,  Rio  Parnahyba,  Piauhy;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Formicivora  grisea  grisea  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  72  (Rio  Araguaya, 
R.  Thesouras,  Goyaz);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  363  (S.  Isabel,  Rio  Preto, 
R.  Madeira). 

Drymophtta  grisea  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guinia,  2,  1921,  p.  40  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Drymophila  grisea  grisea  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.-phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss., 
26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  92  (Pard  localities). 

Microrhopias  grisea  grisea  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62, 
No.  2,  1918,  p.  68  (vicinity  of  Paramaribo). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  from 
Amapa  west  to  the  upper  Rio  Negro  (Rio  Icanna),  south  of  the  Amazon 
Valley  from  Pard  west  to  the  Rio  Madeira,  south  to  western  Matto 
Grosso  and  Goyaz  (north  of  the  watershed),  and  through  Maranhao, 
Piauhy  and  Pernambuco  to  Bahia." 

8:  Brazil  (Boa  Vista,  Rio  Branco  3,  Sao  Luiz,  Maranhao  2,  Bahia  i, 
Sao  Amaro,  Bahia  2). 

•  With  sixty-five  specimens  before  me  I  am  unable  to  distinguish  any  local  races 
of  this  widespread  bird.  There  is  certainly  much  variation  in  the  shade  of  the  upper 
parts  in  the  male,  and  intensity  of  the  lower  parts  in  the  female  sex,  but  this  appears  to 
be  largely,  if  not  wholly,  individual.  Hardly  two  males  show  the  same  shade  of  color 
above,  even  if  specimens  taken  in  the  same  season  be  compared.  One  male  from  Utiar- 
ity,  Matto  Grosso,  and  three  others  from  w.  Matto  Grosso  (Rio  Guapore),  by  reason  of 
their  decidedly  rufescent  earthy  brown  dorsal  surface,  at  first  sight  look  very  different 
from  the  smoke  or  scoty  backed  griseus,  as  represented  by  a  series  from  Guiana, 
Para  and  e.  Brazil.  However,  two  additional  males  from  Matto  Grosso  (Tapirapoan) 
are  fully  as  sooty  as  the  general  run  of  the  northern  bird;  one  being  identical  with  a 
skin  from  Miritiba  (Maranhao),  while  the  other  exactly  matches  an  exceptionally 
daik  example  from  the  Merum6  Mountains,  British  Guiana.  Nine  females  from 
Matto  Grosso  aie  conspicuously  deeper  ochraceous  below  than  a  series  from  Guiana, 
Rio  Madeira  and  e.  Brazil,  but  two  from  the  Rio  Icanna  (upper  Rio  Negro)  ace 
even  more  deeply  colored  than  the  darkest  extreme  from  Matto  Grosso  (American 
Museum  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  127,627,  Utiaiity).  Birds  from  e.  Brazil  (Maianhao, 
Piauhy,  Bahia)  appear  to  be  inseparable  from  the  Guianan  ones. — C.  E.  H. 


1 86  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Neorhopias  grisea  hondae  (Chapman).*   MAGDALENA  ANTBIRD. 

Microrhopias  grisea  hondae  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  33,  1914, 
p.  616  (Chicoral,  near  Giradot,  w.  of  Bogota,  R.  Magdalena  [type];  Honda, 
Andalucia,  Colombia);  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bayern,  14,  No.  4,  1920, 
p.  287  (range). 

Formicivora  intermedia  (not  of  CABANIS)  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847, 
p.  225  (part;  spec,  ex  Carthagena  examined  in  Berlin  Museum  by  C.  E.  H.); 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  238  (part;  Carthagena,  Bogota);  idem, 
Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  181  (part;  spec,  a,  Bogota);  WYATT,  Ibis, 
1871,  p.  331  (Bucaramanga) ;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  32,  1884,  p.  308 
(Bucaramanga;  spec,  [two  9  9]  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  250  (part;  Bogota). 

Formicivora  grisea  (not  of  BODDAERT)  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860, 
p.  190  (Carthagena). 

Microrhopias  grisea  intermedia  (not  of  CABANIS)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  376  (La  Playa,  near  Baranquilla;  Calamar,  Honda, 
Chicoral,  Magdalena  R.). 

Range :  Northern  and  central  Colombia,  throughout  the  Valley  of 
the  Magdalena  (from  Carthagena,  Baranquilla,  etc.,  up  to  Andalucia, 
near  its  sources). 

5:  Colombia  ("Bogota"  5). 

Neorhopias  grisea  alticincta  (Bangs). b   SAN  MIGUEL  ANTBIRD. 

Formicivora  alticincta  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  March  1902,  p.  71 
(San  Miguel  Isl.,  Bay  of  Panama;  descr.  o");  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull. 
Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  46,  1905,  p.  150  (San  Miguel  Isl;  descr.  9). 

Drymophila  intermedia  (not  of  CABANIS)  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  1901,  p.  30  (San  Miguel 
Isl.). 

Range:   San  Miguel  Island,  Bay  of  Panama. 

•  Neorhopias  grisea  hondae  (CHAPMAN)  :  Similar  to  AT.  g.  grisea,  but  white  apical 
spots  on  greater  upper  wing  coverts  much  larger  (about  three  or  four  times  as  large 
as  those  on  the  median  series);  male  with  upper  parts  decidedly  paler,  hair  blown 
rather  than  smoke  or  sooty  brown,  and  with  white  on  flanks  more  extensive;  female 
unspotted  below  like  grisea,  but  upper  parts  somewhat  paler,  the  under  parts  very 
much  paler,  buff  instead  of  ochraceous,  passing  into  whitish  on  throat  and  middle  of 
abdomen.  Wing  (cf)  54-57,  (9)  50-55;  tail  46-52;  bill  13-15. 

Five  specimens  (three  males,  two  females)  from  Chicoral,  middle  Magdalena, 
two  females  from  Bucaramanga  and  fifteen  "Bogota"  skins  agree  in  every  way  with 
two  males  and  four  females  from  Carthagena  and  Baranquilla  (La  Playa). — C.  E.  H. 

b  Neorhopias  grisea  alticincta  (BANGS)  :  Closely  allied  to  N.  g.  hondae  and  agree- 
ing with  it  in  extent  of  white  on  greater  upper  wing  coverts  and  lateial  rectiices; 
but  larger,  with  proportionately  smaller  bill,  and  white  tip  to  third  rectrix  (from 
without)  more  extended  (about  3  to  5  mm.  in  length) ;  male  with  upper  parts  conspicu- 
ously, sometimes  very  much  daiker,  deep  brownish  slate  or  puiplish  slate  color,  and 
white  of  flanks  more  restricted;  female  unspotted  below  like  N.  g.  hondae,  but  deeper 
buff,  and  the  upper  parts  of  a  darker  sepia  brown.  Wing  (six  cf  o")  54-59,  (two  99) 
54:  tail  46-50,  (9)  45-47;  bill  13^-15.— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  187 

*Neorhopias  grisea  fumosa  (Cory).*  ZULIA  ANTBIRD. 

Microrhopias  grisea  fumosa  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Publ.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i, 
May  1913,  p.  291  (Encontrados,  Zulia,  nw.  Venezuela). 

Range :  Low  heavily  forested  region  southwest  of  Lake  Maracaibo, 
in  State  of  Zulia,  northwestern  Venezuela. 

10 :  Venezuela  (Encontrados  3,  Catatumbo  River  6,  Orope  i). 

*Neorhopias  grisea  intermedia  (Cabanis).b  INTERMEDIATE  ANTBIRD. 

Formicivora  intermedia  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  225  (part; 
Aragua,  n.  Venezuela,  designated  as  type  locality;  types  in  Berlin  Museum 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr.  d",  9 ;  see  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay., 
14,  No.  4,  1920,  p.  285);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  238  (part; 
"Trinidad,"  Aragua,  Venezuela);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  181 
(part;  spec,  b,  Cumana);  TAYLOR,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  85  (Chacachacare  Isl., 
near  Trinidad;  one  spec.,  now  in  Brit.  Museum,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868  (Carupano),  628  (S.  Esteban); 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  171  (Santa  Marta);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  250  (part;  spec,  a-f,  1,  m,  n,  Cumana,  Carupano, 
Venezuela;  "Trinidad";  Valle  Dupar,  Santa  Marta);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  1892,  p.  55  (Carupano);  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  1897,  p.  365 
(Cumanacoa,  S.  Antonio,  Bermudez);  ROBINSON  and  RICHMOND,  Proc. 
U.  S.  Mus.,  18,  1895,  p.  673  (Margarita  Isl.),  684  (La  Guaira);  idem,  1.  c., 
24,  1901,  p.  175  (La  Guaira);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  1900, 
p.  160  (Bonda,  Santa  Marta);  idem,  1.  c.,  21,  1905,  p.  289  (Bonda;  nest  and 
eggs  descr.);  CLARK,  Auk,  19,  1902,  p.  264  (Margarita  Isl.);  LOWE,  Ibis, 
1907,  P-  560  (Margarita  Isl.);  idem,  1.  c.,  1909,  p.  322  (Cariaco) ;  CORY,  Field 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Publ.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  1909,  p.  247  (Margarita  Isl.). 

Eriodora  intermedia  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  1898,  p.  138  (Santa 
Marta). 

•  Neorhopias  grisea  fumosa  (CORY)  :  Differs  from  N.  g.  intermedia  in  larger  size, 
stronger  (longer  as  well  as  broader)  bill,  and  much  narrower,  ill  anteocular  portion 
barely  indicated,  white  superciliary  streak.  Besides,  the  male  is  very  much  darker 
above,  purplish  slate  or  blackish  slate,  being  fully  as  deeply  colored  as  or  even  more 
than  N.  g.  alticincta,  while  the  white  of  the  flanks  is  more  restricted  and  frequently 
mixed  with  smoke  grayish;  female  generally  darker,  more  rufcscent  brown  above,  and 
much  more  heavily  spotted  with  black  on  foreneck  and  breast.  Wing  (six  cf  d") 
59-61,  once  57,  (four  9  9)  56-57;  tail  53-56,  once  48,  (9)  49-50;  bill  15-16. 

This  very  distinct  form  is  obviously  restricted  to  the  heavily  forested  area 
southwest  of  Lake  Maracaibo.  The  male,  while  resembling  alticincta  in  the  dark  color- 
ation cf  the  upper  parts,  is  easily  distinguishable  by  its  larger  bill  and  much  less 
conspicuous  superciliaiies,  while  the  female  is  altogether  different  by  reason  of  its 
coarsely  spotted  under  parts. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Neorhopias  grisea  intermedia  (CAB.) :  Male  only  distinguishable  from  N.  g.  hondae 
by  the  third  rectrix  (from  without)  being  conspicuously  tipped  instead  of  narrowly 
margined  with  white,  the  apical  spot  thus  formed  varying  in  length  fiom  3  to  5  mm.; 
female  at  once  known  by  having  the  foreneck  and  breast  heavily  spotted  with 
blackish  or  dusky,  the  ground  color  of  the  under  parts  being  much  paler,  buffy  or 
creamy  white. — C.  E.  H. 


1 88  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Microrhopias  grisea  intermedia  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.   Naturg.,  78, 

A,  Heft  5,  1912,  p.  126  (San  Esteban;  crit.;  range);  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn. 

Ges.  Bay.,  14,  1920,  p.  287  (range);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  65, 

1913,  p.  202  (Cariaquito,  Paria  Peninsula). 
Microrhopias  intermedia  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922, 

p.  308  (Bonda,  Mamatoco,  Dibulla,  Rio  Hacha,  Santa  Marta,  Santa  Marta 

district). 
Drymophila  grisea  margaritensis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  1908, 

p.  194  (Margarita  Isl.). 
Formicivora  cano-fumosus  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  No.  16, 

June  1909,  p.  387  (Las  Barrancas,  lower  Orinoco  River,  Venezuela). 
Microrhopias  cano-fumosus  idem,  1.  c.,  2,  1916,  p.  285  (Las  Barrancas). 

Range:  Northeastern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  district;  Goajira 
Peninsula;  El  Guayabal,  ten  miles  north  of  San  Jose"  de  Cucuta,  north- 
eastern Santander);  Venezuela,  from  Tachira  (Colon),  Me*rida  (Ejido) 
and  northeastern  Zulia  (Rio  Aurare,  twelve  miles  southeast  of  Alta- 
gracia)  along  the  north  coast  to  the  Paria  Peninsula,  extending  south 
to  the  north  bank  of  the  Orinoco  (Las  Barrancas)  and  to  San  Fernando, 
Rio  Apure;  Margarita  Isl.,  Isl.  of  Chacachacare,  off  Trinidad.* 

45:  Colombia  (El  Guayabal,  Santander,  4);  Venezuela  (Colon, 
Tachira  i,  Rio  Aurare,  Zulia  3,  Lake  Valencia,  Aragua  3,  Maracay, 
Aragua  4,  Caracas  9,  Macuto,  Caracas  9,  Curnana  i,  Margarita  Isl.  n). 

•  Birds  from  northern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  district  and  Goajira  Peninsula) 
are  identical  with  a  series  of  topotypes  from  Aragua  and  other  examples  from  n.  Ven- 
ezuela (San  Esteban,  Caracas  region,  Tocuyo,  and  Rio  Aurare).  Two  males,  one  female 
from  Ejido  (near  Merida)  and  a  single  male  from  Colon,  Tachira,  are  in  every  respect 
typical  cf  intermedia  and  show  not  the  slightest  approach  to  fumosa  of  the  heavily 
forested  region  southwest  of  Lake  Maracaibo.  Tnirty-nine  specimens  from  Bermudez 
(hinterland  of  Cumana,  Paria  Peninsula)  are  not  separable  either,  although  some 
of  the  males,  by  their  darker  slaty  upper  parts  and  larger  size,  closely  resemble  N.  g. 
tobagensis  of  Tobago.  The  coloration  of  the  upper  surface  in  the  males  of  intermedia 
is,  however,  extremely  variable,  and  many  individuals  from  Caracas  and  Aragua 
are  quite  indistinguishable  from  Tobago  specimens.  No  representative  of  this 
group  has  ever  been  found  on  the  Island  of  Trinidad,  although  E.  C.  Taylor  men- 
tions intermedia  as  "abundant  in  the  low,  dry  bush  of  the  small  island  Chacacha- 
care." The  only  specimen  (male)  in  the  Taylor  collection,  now  in  the  British 
Museum,  might  easily  be  mistaken  for  tobagensis,  being  very  dark  and  large  (wing 
58 ;  tail  56) ;  but,  as  it  is  matched  both  in  color  and  size  by  several  of  the  males  from 
S.  Felix  (near  Cumana),  I  think  it  should  be  referred  to  intermedia  rather  than  to 
tobagensis.  I  am  unable  to  separate  the  Margarita  form,  since  only  two  out  of 
seven  males  have  darker,  more  purplish  slate  upper  parts  than  intermedia,  while  the 
females  are  not  distinguishable  at  all  fiom  continental  examples.  Two  females  from 
El  Guayabal,  north  of  San  Jos6  de  Cucuta,  ne.  Santander,  by  the  reduction  of  the 
dusky  spotting  below,  form  the  tiansition  to  N.  g.  hondae  with  plain-breasted  female, 
to  which  two  from  Bucaramanga  clearly  belong.  Females  from  San  Fernando,  Rio 
Apure  (in  the  Paris  and  Munich  collections),  and  Las  Barrancas  (topotypes  of  cano- 
fumosus  CHERRIE),  on  the  other  hand,  approach  AT.  g.  orenocensis  by  their  brighter, 
more  russet  brown  upper  parts,  though  in  other  respects,  especially  the  buffy,  less 
heavily  spotted  lower  surface,  they  are  typical  ot  intermedia.  Males  from  San  Per  nando, 
Rio  Apure  and  Las  Barrancas  do  not  deviate  from  the  normal  type  of  this  form. 
Material:  n  Margarita,  39  Bermudez  (Cumana  region);  3  Ejido,  r  Tachira,  i 
Tocuyo,  Lara,  3  Rio  Auiare,  i  La  Guaira,  7  Aragua,  r8  Caracas,  3  San  Esteban,  6 
San  Fernando,  Rio  Apure,  2  Las  Barrancas,  Rio  Orinoco,  i  Chacachacare,  r6  Santa 
Marta  district,  3  Rio  Hacha,  Goajira,  4  El  Guayabal,  Santander. — C.  E.  H. 


IQ24-  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  189 

*Neorhopias  grisea  tobagensis  (Dalmas).*  TOBAGO  ANTBIRD. 

Formicivora  tobagensis  DALMAS,  M6m.  Soc.  Zool.  France,  13, 1900,  p.  141  (Tobago; 
types,  now  in  Tring  Museum,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Myiothera  scapularis  (errore)  JARDINE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  20,  1847,  p.  331 
(Tobago). 

Formicivora  intermedia  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862, 
p.  181  (part;  spec,  c,  Tobago);  CORY,  Auk,  10,  1893,  p.  220  (Tobago). 

Range:   Island  of  Tobago. 
19:  Tobago  Island. 

Neorhopias  grisea  orenocensis  (Hellmayr}*   ORINOCO  ANTBIRD. 

Formicivora  orenocensis  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  14,  Feb.  1904,  p.  54 
(Altagracia,  R.  Orinoco,  Venezuela). 

Microrhopias  orenocensis  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  285 
(from  Ciudad  Bolivar  to  Caicara,  Orinoco  R.;  Caura  River). 

Formicivora  intermedia  (not  of  CABANIS)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool., 
9,  1902,  p.  75  (Ciudad  Bolivar,  Caicara,  Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Orinoco  R.; 
La  Pricion,  Caura  R.). 

Range  Southern  Venezuela,  on  the  south  bank  of  the  middle  Orin- 
oco, from  Ciudad  Bolivar  to  Caicara,  and  on  it  southerly  affluent,  the 
Caura. 

Neorhopias  grisea  deluzae  (Menetrtis)."   MENETRIES'S  ANTBIRD. 

Formicivora  deluzae  MENETRIES,  Mem.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3,  Part  2 
(Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  484,  pi.  5,  fig.  2  ("non  loin  de  la  Serra  dos  Orgaes,"  Prov. 
Rio  de  Janeiro;  type  in  Petrograd  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =9); 
CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  1921,  p.  23  (crit.). 

•  Neorhopias  grisea  tobagensis  (DALMAS)  :   Differs  from  N.  g.  intermedia  in  larger 
size,  especially  longer  tail  and  stronger  bill;  generally  darker  upper  parts,  and  in 
having  the  flanks  and  sides  more  extensively  white.   The  amount  of  dusky  spotting 
below  in  the  female  sex  is  rather  variable,  some  specimens  having  but  a  few  half- 
concealed  spots  on  the  foreneck.   Wing  (twenty-eight  0*0")  57-62,  (fifteen  9  9)  53- 
59;  tail  53-60;  bill,  i4H-i6.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Neorhopias  grisea  orenocensis  (HELLMAYR):  Male  similar  to  AT.  g.  intermedia, 
but  upper  parts  decidedly  rufous  biown  instead  of  hair  brown  or  brownish  slate  color; 
female,  in  addition  to  the  rufous  dorsal  surface,  distinguishable  by  having  the  lower 
parts  pure  white  (instead  of  creamy  or  buffy),  with  the  much  wider  and  more  regular 
black  longitudinal  stripes  extending  also  over  the  throat,  the  latter  being  plain  or 
but  narrowly  streaked  in  the  allied  races.  Wing  (six  o*  d"  ad.)  53-56,  (eight  99) 
52-54:  tail  50-57;  bill  I3K-I5-  From  N.  rufa  this  form  is  easily  separable  by  lacking 
the  fulvous  flanks,  and  by  having  much  more  white  on  the  tips  of  the  greater  upper 
wing  coverts  and  lateral  rectiices.— C.  E.  H. 

•  Neorhopias  grisea  deluzae  (MENETR.)  :    Male  similar  to  N.  g.  orenocensis,  but 
upper  parts  duller,  nearest  to  Mars  brown,  and  only  a  restricted  area  on  the  lower 
flanks  dull  whitish,  slightly  mixed  with  grayish  or  grayish  buff;  female  apparently 
not  distinguishable  from  that  of  N.  g.  grisea,  unless  the  buff  apical  spots  to  the 


i go  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Formicivora  nigricollis  (not  of  SWAINSON)  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Petersb., 
(6th  ser.),  3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  482,  pi.  3,  fig.  i  (part,  o"  ad.;  "sur 
les  bords  du  Rio  Bacalhao,"  Prov.  Minas  Geraes;  spec,  in  Petrograd  Museum 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.).  *• 

(?)  Formicivora  melanogastra  (not  of  PELZELN)  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd. 
naturhist.  Foren.  Kjob.,  1870,  p.  364  (Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes;  Aldea  da 
Pedra,  Rio  Parahyba,  Prov.  Rio). 

Formicivora  rufatra  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  CABANIS,  Journ. 
Ornith.,  22,  1874,  p.  86  (Cantagallo,  Prov.  Rio;  spec,  recently  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.) 

Formicivora  grisea  (not  of  BODDAERT)  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz., 
I,  1907,  p.  210  (part;  Vargem  Alegre,  Minas  Geraes;  spec,  in  Museu  Paul- 
ista  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Minas  Geraes  (Rio  Bacal- 
hao; Vargem  Alegre,  near  Marianna)  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Organ  Moun- 
tains, Valley  of  the  Parabyba  River). 

*Neorhopias  melanogaster  (Pelzeln).*   BLACK-BELLIED  ANTBIRD. 

Formicivora  melanogaster  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  83,  154 
(City  of  Goyaz,  Goyaz,  c.  Brazil;  types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.;  descr.  cf,  9);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  248,  note 
(Goyaz) ;  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  210  (Avanhandava,  S.  Paulo; 
spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

upper  wing  coverts  are  smaller.  Wing  (three  males)  52,  55,  56^,  (one  female) 
55/4',  tail  (male)  54-56,  (female)  50;  bill  14-15  mm. 

This  little  known  form  requires  further  investigation.  Besides  M6netries*  orig- 
inal example,  forwarded  for  my  inspection  many  years  ago  by  the  late  Valentin 
Bianchi,  then  Curator  of  the  Petrograd  Museum,  I  have  examined  two  additional 
males,  one  obtained  by  J.  de  Godoy  in  1900  at  Vargem  Alegre,  not  far  from  Marianna, 
Minas  Geraes  (Museu  Paulista  No.  1563),  and  another  said  to  be  from  the  "Ama- 
zonas,  Brazil"  but  obviously  a  "Rio"  skin  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  No.  7408).  The  three 
specimens,  practically  identical  inter  se,  closely  resemble  N.  g.  orenocensis,  differing, 
however,  by  duller,  less  rufous  upper  parts  and  much  less  white  on  the  under  sur- 
face, only  the  lower  flanks  being  dingy  whitish  or  buffy  grayish,  while  the  white 
tips  to  the  lateral  rectrices  are  rather  less  extensive.  The  type  of  F.  deluzae,  the 
only  female  I  have  been  able  to  examine,  on  the  other  hand,  is  exceedingly  similar 
to  N.  g.  grisea  but  appears  to  have  smaller  buff  spots  on  the  upper  wing  coverts 
which,  however,  may  be  due  in  part,  at  least,  to  its  abraded  condition.  If  I  am 
right  in  regarding  F.  nigricollis  MENETR.  (not  of  SWAINSON)  and  F.  deluzae  as 
different  sexes  of  the  same  bird,  we  have  apparently  to  deal  with  a  representative 
of  N.  grisea,  restricted  to  southeastern  Brazil. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Neorhopias  melanogaster  (PELZELN)  :  Differs  from  N.  grisea  grisea  in  longer 
tail,  much  weaker,  at  base  decidedly  narrower,  bill,  larger  white  tips  to  greater  upper 
wing  coverts  and  in  the  supertiliaries  being  much  broader,  especially  above  the 
auriculars,  and  produced  to  the  sides  of  the  neck.  Besides,  the  male  may  be  recog- 
nized by  having  the  scapulars  black,  broadly  edged  with  white  along  the  outer 
web  (.instead  of  smoke  brown,  barely  fringed  with  whity  brown) ;  the  teitials  bioadly 
margined  with  white  (instead  of  narrowly  edged  with  pale  brownish);  the  axillars 
black  (instead  of  whitish);  by  the  black  extending  down  to  the  under  tail  coverts, 
with  the  white  area  on  the  sides  less  extensive  or  even  restricted  to  a  small  patch 
on  the  lower  flanks.  The  female  differs  from  N.  g.  grisea  at  a  glance  by  the  under  parts 
being  light  cream  buff,  tinged  with  brownish  on  the  flanks;  the  under  tail  coverts 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  191 

Formicivora  melanogastra  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  355  (Avanhan- 
dava,  n.  S.  Paulo;  d*  ad.  in  Museu  Paulista  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  HELL- 
MAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  72  (Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz;  crit.);  REISER, 
Denkschr.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  1910,  p.  66  (P6  do  Morro, 
near  Parnagua,  Piauhy;  9  ad.  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Myiothera  superciliaris  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3, 
(2),  1831,  p.  1072  (Sertao  of  the  Prov.  Bahia;  descr.  d" ,  9  B). 

Formicivora  grisea  (not  of  BODDAERT)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2, 
1889,  p.  252  (part;  Wied's  types*);  REISER,  Denkschr.  math,  naturw.  Kl. 
Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  1910,  p.  66  (part;  No.  434,459,  d"o",  Fazenda  da  Serra, 
Rio  Grande,  nw.  Bahia;  No.  714,  Parnagua,  Piauhy;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Formicivora  melanogastra  bahiae  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  23,  1909, 
p.  65  (Lamarao,  near  Bahia,  Prov.  Bahia,  e.  Brazil). 

Microrhopias  melanogastris  (sic)  iliaca  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  30,  Jan. 
1917,  p.  5  (Villa  Montes,  Rio  Pilcomayo,  Prov.  Tarija,  se.  Bolivia;  type  in 
Carnegie  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Eastern  and  central  Brazil,  in  states  of  Piauhy,  Ceard, 
Bahia  (Lamarao;  Macaco  Secco,  near  Andarahy;  Cidade  da  Barra, 
Joazeiro,  Rio  S.  Francisco;  Rio  Grande),  Goyaz  (City  of  Goyaz,  Rio 
Araguaya),  Matto  Grosso  (Uruciim  near  Corumbd),  south  to  northern 
Sao  Paulo  (S.  Jeronymo-Avanhandava,  Tie'te'  district) ;  eastern  Bolivia, 
in  depts.  of  Santa  Cruz  (Monte  de  Basilico ;  Guanacos,  Prov.  Cordillera) , 
Chuquisaca  (Macheriti)  and  Tarija  (Villa  Montes,  Rio  Pilcomayo). b 

6 :  Brazil  (Macaco  Secco,  near  Andarahy,  Bahia  2 ;  Jua,  near  Iguatu, 
Ceard  4). 

black  with  white  apical  margins  (instead  of  uniform  ochraceous  or  buff) ;  the  auricu- 
lars  and  sides  of  neck  dull  black  (instead  of  cream  buff  like  the  cheeks) ;  the  inner 
secondaries  and  scapulars  broadly  edged  with  white;  the  white  supercih'aries  much 
broader,  etc.— C.  E.  H. 

•  Although  synonymized  by  J.  A.  Allen  with  N.  g.  grisea,  Wied's  excellent  descrip- 
tion leaves  no  doubt  as  to  bis  M.  superciliaris  being  referable  to  N.  melanogaster. 

b  With  a  very  satisfactory  series  of  twenty-five  specimens  before  me,  I  do  not 
consider  it  possible  to  maintain  either  bahiae  or  iliaca  as  valid  races.  The  alleged 
subspecific  characters  are  apparently  not  peculiar  to  any  particular  geographic  area, 
but  largely,  if  not  wholly,  due  to  individual  variation.  Two  males  fiom  the  City  of 
Goyaz,  including  the  type,  and  one  from  Sao  Jeronymo,  Rio  Ti£t6,  n.  Sao  Paulo, 
have  practically  no  white  below,  only  a  few  feathers  of  the  lower  flanks  being  pale 
grayish  on  their  apical  portion.  In  another  male  from  Goyaz  (Rio  Araguaya)  and  one 
from  near  Andarahy,  c.  Bahia,  the  sooty  gray  flanks  are  interspersed  with  a  number 
of  pure  white  feathers.  One  male  from  Lamarao  (coast  region  of  Bahia),  one  from 
Joazeiro  (Rio  Sao  Francisco,  Prov.  Bahia),  one  fiom  Faz.  da  Serra,  Rio  Grande 
(nw.  Bahia),  one  from  Parnagua  (Piauhy)  and  two  from  Ceara,  on  the  other  hand, 
have  the  sides  of  breast  and  abdomen  extensively  white  (very  nearly  as  in  N.  g.  grisea, 
though  less  purely)  with  a  narrow  white  stripe  running  up  along  sides  of  neck,  so  as 
to  separate  the  black  under  parts  from  the  color  of  the  back.  Three  males  from 
e.  Bolivia  (iliaca)  exhibit  the  same  variability.  One  from  Guanacos  (No.  51,558 
Carnegie  Museum)  with  only  a  few  scattered  white  feathers  resembles  those  from 
Araguaya  and  Andarahy;  in  another  (No.  51,582,  Villa  Montes,  type  of  iliaca)  the 
sides  of  the  breast  and  anterior  abdomen  are  mainly  white,  and  the  third  (No.  51, 574 


iQ2  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Neorhopias  rufa  rufa  (Wied).   RUFOUS  ANTBIRD. 

Myiothera  rufa  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1095  (Interior  of 
Bahia;  descr.  9). 

Formicivora  rufa  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  240  (part;  descr.  of 
'V  (=  9)  (ex  WIED) ;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  253 
(crit. ;  Wied's  types — two  9  9  from  Bahia — in  coll.  American  Museum  Nat. 
Hist.);  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  29  (Santarem);  MENEGAUX 
and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  37  (part; 
spec,  a,  b,  Bahia);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  210  (part;  Bahia); 
REISER,  Denkschr.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  1910,  p.  66  (Santa 
Philomena,  Serra  of  Philom ena,  Santa  Maria;  Corrientes,  Rio  Parnahyba, 
Piauhy;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ. 
Ornith.,  61,  1913,  p.  529  (Santarem,  Monte  Alegre);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 
8,  1914,  p.  288  (Rio  Acara;  Monte  Alegre,  Serra  do  Erere,  Rio  Maecuru, 
spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Formicivora  rufatra  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  26, 1858,  p.  239  (part;  se.  Brazil,  excl.  Wied's  reference) ;  SCLATER,  Cat. 
Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  181  (Bahia);  FORBES,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  348  (Parahyba, 
ne.  Brazil);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  250  (part;  spec,  a-f, 
Pernambuco,  Bahia,  e.  Brazil);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  286 
(Rio  Acara,  Monte  Alegre). 

Ettipura  rufa  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  70  (part;  descr. 
9  ex  WIED,  Bahia). 

Drymophila  rufa  HELLMAYR,  Abh.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2, 
1912,  p.  92  (Rio  Acara). 

Microrhopias  rufa  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  204  (part;  Bahia,  lower 
Amazon). 

Macheriti,  Chuquisaca)  has  as  much  white  below  as  bahiae  from  e.  Bahia  to  Piauhy. 
Coloration  of  females  or  size  do  not  afford  reliable  characters  either. 

MEASUREMENTS 

MALES  WING  TAIL  BILL 

Two,  City  of  Goyaz  (incl.  type)  54,54^  59,6o#  I3#,i4 

One,  Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz  soft  57  14^ 

One,  Sao  Jeronymo,  Ti6t€,  n.  Sao  Paulo  54  59  14 

One,  Andarahy,  c.  Bahia  56  65  #  14. 

Two,  Faz.  da  Serra,  Rio  Grande,  nw.  Bahia  54.54  55,58  13^,14 

One,  Parnagua,  Piauhy  52  57  13 

One,  Joazeiro,  Bahia  53  6o>£  13 

One,  Lamarao,  e.  Bahia  (type  of  F.  m,  bahiae)  51  53  13 

Two,  Jua,  Ceard  51,52  53,57  13,13 

Three,  e.  Bolivia  (including  type  of  M.  m.  iliaca)  54,56,57  62,63,65  13.^,14,14 

FEMALES 

One,  City  of  Goyaz  53  58  14 

Two,  Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz  50,52  56,57  14.*  4 

One,  Andarahy,  c.  Bahia  54  57  I3H 

One,  Cidade  da  Barra,  Bahia  51  55  13 

One,  Parnagud,  Piauhy  48  53  12^ 

One,  Jua,  Ceara  51  55 tf  *3# 

One  Urucum,  Matto  Grosso  50  13 

Two,  e.  Bolivia  57,53  57,62 
— C.  E.  H. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  193 

ThamnophUus  griseus  (not  of  BODDAERT)  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  1825,  p.  29,  pi.  40, 
fig.  i  (part;  descr.  of  alleged  "9"=d*  ad.;  see  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2. 
Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  663). 

Formicivora  rufa  chapmani  CHERRIE,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  June 
1916,  p.  396  (Altar  do  Chao,  Rio  Tapajdz;  type  examined  by  C.  E.  H.)s. 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia,  Parahyba,  Piauhy,  and 
in  Lower  Amazonia,  (Rio  Acara,  R.  Tapajoz;  Monte  Alegre,  Rio 
Maecuru,  north  bank  of  Amazon). 

Neorhopias   rufa   rufatra    (Lafresnaye   and   D'0rbigny).b    WESTERN 
RUFOUS  ANTBIRD. 

Tamnophilus  rufater  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  1837,  p.  12  (Prov.  Chiquitos,  Moxos,  e.  Bolivia;  types  in  Paris  Museum 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr.  o",  9). 

Formicivora  rufatra  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  204  (Chi- 
quitos, Moxos,  e.  Bolivia);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  239  (part; 
Bolivia);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  83  (Rio  das  Pedras,  n.  Sao  Paulo; 
Goyaz;  Cuyaba,  Matto  Grosso;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  REINHARDT, 
Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  363  (Lagoa  Santa,  w.  Minas 
Geraes;  Sao  Bento  de  Araraquara,  n.  Sao  Paulo);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  16  (Maranura,  se.  Peru);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou, 
2,  1884,  p.  49  (Maranura);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  250 
(part;  spec,  g-k,  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  Maranura,  Peru;  Bolivia);  SALVA- 
DORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  1900,  p.  9  (Uruciim,  sw.  Matto  Grosso). 

•  Birds  from  the  lower  Amazon  appear  to  be  inseparable.  G.  K.  Cherrie  was 
evidently  misled  to  redescribe  the  typical  form,  by  his  comparing  the  Tapaj6z 
examples  with  a  series  from  Matto  Giosso  representing  N.  r.  rufatra. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Neorhopias  rufa  rufatra  (LAFR.  and  D'ORB.) :  Similar  to  N.  r.  rufa  from  the 
coast  region  of  e.  Brazil,  but  basal  portion  of  rectrices  brown  cr  grayish  brown,  more 
or  less  contrasting  with  blackish  subterminal  zone;  upper  parts  generally  lighter, 
more  of  a  cinnamomeous  tinge;  female  with  black  streaking  underneath  conspicuously 
narrower,  especially  on  throat,  and  less  extended  abdominally. 

Although  united  to  N.  rufa  in  my  review  of  D'Orbigny's  collection  (Nov.  Zool., 
28,  1921,  p.  204),  recent  study  of  more  satisfactory  material  leads  me  to  regard  this 
form  as  worthy  of  iccognition. 

Eight  males  and  four  females  from  Bahia  and  Piauhy  have  the  tail,  viewed 
from  below,  almost  blackish,  the  subapical  portion  of  the  rectrices  being  hardly, 
if  anything,  darker  than  the  rest;  while  the  under  parts  of  the  females,  from 
the  chin  down  to  the  upper  belly,  are  heavily  striped  with  black.  Furthermoie,  the 
upper  parts  are,  as  a  rule,  decidedly  deeper  rufous  brown  than  in  the  western  bird. 
One  male  each  from  Rincao  (n.  Sao  Paulo)  and  Campos  Novas,  Matto  Grosso,  how- 
evei,  agree  in  this  respect  with  those  from  Bahia.  A  single  female  from  Corrientes, 
Rio  Parnahyba,  n.  Piauhy,  probably  represents  an  abnormal  plumage;  it  has  the 
black  streaking  beneath  even  narrower  than  rufatra,  but  there  is  a  half-concealed 
black  patch  occupying  the  middle  of  the  chest. 

Birds  from  the  State  of  Goyaz  appear  to  be  somewhat  intermediate  between 
rufa  and  rufatra,  though  nearer  the  latter. 

Material  examined: 

N.  r.  rufa:  Five  0*0",  one  9,  Bahia;  one  o",  three  9  9,  Santa  Philomena, 
Piauhy;  one  o"  Santa  Maria,  Pi.;  one  d",  one  9,  Corrientes,  R.  Parnahyba,  Piauhy; 
one  o",  Monte  Alegre,  one  d"  Rio  Acara;  one  9,  Santarem. 


194  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Formicivora  nigricollis  (not  of  SWAINSON)  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb., 
(6th  ser.),  3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  482,  pi.  3,  fig.  2  (descr.  of  alleged 
"  9  ";  spec,  in  Petrograd  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =  cf  )•• 

Formicivora  rufa  (net  of  WIED)  MENETRIES,  Mem.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P6ters.,  (6th 
ser.),  3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  497,  pi.  9,  fig.  i  (Cuyaba,  Matto  Grosso; 
spec,  in  Petrograd  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =  9)m;  ALLEN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  5,  1893,  p.  121  (Chapada,  Matto  Grosso);  MENE- 
GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  37 
(part;  Chiquitos,  Bolivia);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  210  (part; 
Jaboticabal,  Rincao,  Itapura,  Bebedouro,  Avanhandava,  n.  Sao  Paulo); 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  372  (Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira);  idem, 
1.  c.,  15,  1908,  p.  73  (Rio  Thesouras,  Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz);  idem,  1.  c.,  17, 
1910,  p.  363  (Humaytha);  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  136  (Albuquerque,  sw.  Matto 
Grosso);  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  9,  No.  96,  1917,  p.  55  (Caceres). 

Formicivora  rufa  rufatra  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  1906,  p.  94 
(Santa  Ana,  Urubamba  Valley,  Peru). 

Microrhopias  rufa  rufatra  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  117,  1921,  p.  80  (Santa 
Ana,  Chauillay  Bridge,  Urubamba  Valley,  Peru). 

Microrhopias  rufa  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  204  (part;  w.  Minas, 
Goyaz,  Matto  Grosso,  n.  S&o  Paulo;  Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira;  e.  Bolivia; 
Asunci6n,  Paraguay). 

Range:  Interior  of  Brazil,  in  states  of  Goyaz  and  Matto  Grosso, 
north  to  Humaytha,  left  bank  of  the  upper  Rio  Madeira,  south  to 
northern  Sao  Paulo  and  western  Minas  Geraes;  eastern  Bolivia;  Para- 
guay (near  Asuncion);  eastern  Peru  (Urubamba  Valley). 


Genus  DRYMOPHILA  Swainson. 

Drymophila  SUCH  (ex  Swainson  Ms.),  Zool.  Journal,  i,  No.  4,  Jan.  1825,  p.  559  (type 
by  monotypy  Drymophila  variegata  SUCH  =  Myothera  ferruginea  TEMMINCK). 

Ettipura  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  228  (type  by  subs,  desig., 
SCLATER,  1890,  Myothera  ferruginea  TEMMINCK). 

Stipituropsis  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  1901,  p.  141  in  text  (type  by  mono- 
typy Formicivora  arechavaletae  BERTONI  =  Myothera  malura  TEMMINCK). 

N.  r.  rufatra:  One  cf,  one  9,  Chiquitos,  e.  Bolivia  (types);  one  cf,  Santa  Ana, 
Peru;  two  9  9,  Bernalcu6,  neai  Asunci6n,  Paraguay;  two  cf  cf,  one  9,  Cuyaba, 
two  cf  cf  four  9  9,  Urucum;  one  cf,  Descalvados,  one  cf,  Campos  Novas;  one  9 
Palmira,  Matto  Grosso;  three  cf  cf ,  four  9  9 ,  State  of  Goyaz;  one  cf ,  Rincio;  one 
9,  Sao  Jeionymo;  one  9  Itapura,  Sao  Paulo. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Three  females  (  =  F.  nigricollis  "  9  "  apud  MENETRIES)  and  four  males  ( =  F.  rufa 
apud  MENETRIES),  kindly  forwarded  for  my  inspection  by  the  late  Valentin  Bianchi 
of  the  Petrograd  Museum,  agiee  with  the  western  form,  having  a  distinct  blackish 
subterminal  tail  band,  and  narrow  stripes  on  under  parts  in  the  female  sex.  Although 
merely  labelled  "Brazil,  Langsdoiff,"  they  were  almost  certainly  obtained  near 
Cuyaba,  Matto  Grosso. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  195 

*Drymophila  ferruginea  (Temminck).   FERRUGINEOUS  ANTBIRD. 

Myothera  ferruginea  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  22,  May  1822, a  pi.  132, 
fig-  3  (=  o*  ad.)  ("Br6sil,"  we  suggest  vicinity  of  Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Myiothera  ferruginea  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  44 
(Bahia;  descr.  of). 

Formicivora  ferruginea  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Petersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3, 
Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  488  (Serra  dos  Orgaos,  Prov.  Rio);  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  239  (se.  Brazil;  descr.  d\  9);  PELZELN,  Orn. 
Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  83  (Capitao  Mor,  Mattodentro,  Ypanema,  S.  Paulo); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  is,  1890,  p.  252  (Bahia,  se.  Brazil);  JHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  241  (Alto  da  Serra,  Iguape,  S.  Paulo);  idem,  1.  c., 
4,  1900,  p.  158  (Cantagallo)  250  (eggs  descr.);  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907, 
p.  21 1  (Alto  da  Serra,  Iguap6,  Rio  Feio,  Ubatuba,  S.  Paulo;  Ourinho,  Parand) ; 
HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bayr.,  12,  No.  2,  1915,  p.  148  (Victoria,  Espirito 
Santo);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  1910,  p.  285  (Alto  Parana); 
idem,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  1914,  p.  264  (Paraguay,  Misiones);  idem,  El  Horn- 
ero,  i,  1919,  p.  264  (Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones). 

Drymophila  variegata  SUCH,  Zool.  Journ.,  i,  No.  4,  Jan.  1825,  p.  559  (vicinity 
of  Goaytacazes  (  =  Campos),  Prov.  Rio). 

Formicivora  rubricollis  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  1901,  p.  140  (Alto  Parana, 
Puerto  Bertoni). 

Ettipura  ferruginea  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  71  (Serra 
dos  Orgaos,  Rio);  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  22,  1874,  p.  86  (Cantagallo, 
Prov.  Rio). 

Drymophila  ferruginea  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  1914,  p.  50  (Puerto  Bertoni). 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  southern  Bahia 
to  Parana,  and  adjoining  portions  of  Paraguay  (Puerto  Bertoni)  and 
Misiones,  northeastern  Argentina. 

3:   Brazil  (Victoria,  Sao  Paulo). 

Drymophila  genei  (Filippi).b  RUFOUS-TAILED  ANTBIRD. 

Formicivora  genei  FILIPPI,  Mus.  Mediolan.,  i,  1847,  p.  9,  31  ("Brasilia  ?";  type 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SALVADOR:,  Atti  Ace.  Sci.  Torino,  3,  1868,  p.  268 
(crit.);  PELZELN,  Nunquam  otios.,  2,  1874,  P-  29*  (crit.;  Novo  Friburgo, 
Prov.  Rio;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

•  The  above  date  may  not  be  absolutely  correct,  but  anyhow  the  text  of  livr. 
22  was  published  earlier  than  LICHTENSTEIN'S  Verzeichniss  der  Dubletten,"  the 
preface  of  which  is  dated  "September  1823."  See  STRESEMANN,  Anzeiger  Orn. 
Ges.  Bayern,  No.  7,  1922,  p.  55. 

b  Drymophila  genei  (FILIPPI):  This  very  distinct  species  differs  from  D.  ochro- 
pyga  (HELLMAYR)  in  its  longer,  uniform  rufous  tail;  rufous  brown  (instead  of  slate 
gray)  outer  webs  of  remiges  (without  trace  of  white  edging  at  tip) ;  deeper  cinnamon 
rufous  rump  and  upper  tail  coverts  (the  latter  being  fulvous,  tipped  with  white, 
preceded  by  a  distinct  black  subapical  band  in  D.  ochropyga),  and  decidedly  paler, 
olive-fulvous  flanks.  Besides,  the  ground  color  of  the  under  parts  in  the  male  sex  is 
grayish  white  (instead  of  pure  white),  the  black  striping  of  the  throat  is  narrower 
as  well  as  more  densely  set,  while  the  foreneck  and  breast,  in  lieu  of  being  longi- 


196  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Formicivora  genaei  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  253  (se.  Brazil; 
descr.  c?);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Novo  Friburgo). 

Formicivora  erythrocerca  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  240,  pi.  142  ("Bra- 
zil?"; type,  now  in  Brit.  Mus.,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =  o"  ad.);  JHERING, 
Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  211  (Itatiaya,  Prov.  Rio,  descr.  9  ;  spec,  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.);  LODERWALDT,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Abt.  Syst.,  27,  No.  4,  1909,  p.  350 
(Campo  Itatiaya,  Rio). 

Range:    Southeastern  Brazil,   in  State  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Novo 
Friburgo,  Campo  do  Itatiaya).' 

Drymophila  ochropyga  (Hellmayr).    OCHRE-RUMPED  ANTBIRD. 

Formicivora  malura  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  MENETRIES,  Mgm.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P6ters., 
(6th  ser.),  3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat).,  1835,  P-  496  (part,  9  ;  spec,  in  Petrograd 
Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  "Diamantina,  Minas  Geraes"b,  locality 
doubtless  erroneous). 

Ellipura  striata  (not  Thamnophilus  striatus  SPIX)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers. 
Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  69  (descr.  9  ;  ex  MENETRIES). 

Formicivora  genei  (not  FILIPPI)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  239  (descr. 
d",  9  ;  se.  Brazil);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  83  (Ypanema,  S.  Paulo; 
spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Formicivora  striata  (not  Thamnophilus  striatus  SPIX)  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer. 
B.,  1862,  p.  182  (Brazil,  "Bahia");  SALVADORI,  Atti.  Accad.  Sci.  Torino,  3, 
1868,  p.  269  (crit.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  252  (se.  Brazil; 
descr.  <f,  9);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  242  (Alto  da  Serra, 
Iguape",  S.  Paulo);  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  211  (Ypiranga,  Iguapd, 
Alto  da  Serra). 

Formicivora  ochropyga  PELZELN,  Nunq.  otios.,  a,  1874,  P-  29*  (nom.  nud.); 
HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  May  1906,  p.  663 
(nom.  nov.  for  Formicivora  striata  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  252;  type  locality  Ypanema,  S.  Paulo). 

Drymophila  richmondi  CORY,  Auk,  36,  1919,  p.  88  (new  name  for  Formicivora 
striata  SCLATER  (nee  SPIX),  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  252). 

tudinally  striped  with  black,  are  marked  with  squamate,  subapical  cross  bands, 
becoming  evanescent  towards  the  belly;  in  the  female,  the  blackish  shaft  streaks  on 
foreneck  and  chest,  so  conspicuous  a  feature  in  ochropyga,  are  hardly  suggested  by 
some  olive  freckles.  Wing  (three  cfcf)  55-57,  (one  9)  53;  tail  67-69,  (9)  65;  bill 
E.  H. 


•  Two  males  from  Itatiaya  agree  with  the  types  of  F.  genei  and  F.  erythrocerca  and 
two  adults  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Coll.  Alex.  Frey)  in  the  British  Museum  except  for 
their  somewhat  longer  tail  (74-76),  the  lateral  feathers  of  which  have  a  dusky  sub- 
apical  spot  succeeded  by  a  pale  rufescent  apical  fringe.  Both  appeal-  to  be  immature. 

There  is  no  record  of  this  species  for  Sao  Paulo  or  Minas  Geraes  proper.  Jhering 
(Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  242;  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  I,  1907,  p.  211)  admits  it  in  the 
fauna  of  Sao  Paulo  on  Pelzeln's  authority.  Formicivora  genei  apud  PELZELN,  how- 
ever, turns  out  to  be  D.  ochropyga.  —  C.  E.  H. 

b  The  original  label  of  the  specimen,  which  agrees  exactly  with  MENETRIES' 
description  of  the  female  and  other  examples  from  Victoria,  Sao  Paulo,  reads:  "Myo- 
thera  malura  NATT.  TEMM.  353,  2.  9,  Brazil.  Langsdorff."  It  is  more  likely  to  have 
been.secured  in  the  vicinity  of  Rio  de  Janeiro.  —  C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  197 

Range:  Forest  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Sao  Paulo 
(Ypanema,  Victoria,  Ypiranga,  Iguape",  Alto  da  Serra)  and  Rio  de 
Janeiro)." 

Drymophila  devillei  devillei  (Menegaux  and  Hellmayr).b    DEVILLE'S 
ANTBIRD. 

Formicivora  devillei  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth 
ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  38  ("ne.  Peru  [Pebas  or  Nauta],"  errore!  the  type  came 
from  the  Prov.  Cuzco,  se.  Peru,  although  the  exact  locality  cannot  be  ascer- 
tained; descr.  o"  ad.,  juv.). 

Drymophila  devillei  devillei  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  2,  Jan.  1921,  p.  4 
(Jatumpampa,  Mission  San  Antonio,  Rio  Chimor6,  n.  Bolivia). 

Drymophila  phantatis  CHERRIE,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  June  1916, 
p.  396  (Jatumpampa,  Todos  Santos  Trail,  Prov.  Cochabamba,  n.  Bolivia; 
type  in  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Northern  Bolivia  (in  Prov.  Cochabamba,  on  the  head- 
waters of  the  Rio  Mamore")  and  adjoining  parts  of  southeastern  Peru. 

Drymophila  devillei  subochracea  Chapman."  CURUA  ANTBIRD. 

Drymophila  devillei  subochraceus  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  2,  Jan.  1921, 
p.  4  (Rio  Curua,  a  tributary  of  the  lower  Xingti  River). 

Range :  Northern  Brazil,  on  the  Rio  Curud,  a  tributary  of  the  lower 
Xingii  River. 

Drymophila  caudata  caudata  (Sclater).   LONG-TAILED  ANTBIRD. 

Formicivora  caudata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22,  "1854,"  publ.  Jan.  1855,  p.  254 
pi.  74  ("Bogota"  coll.;  descr.  o",  9 ),  147  (Bogota);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  67 
("Rio  Napo"),  240  (New  Granada  =  Bogota;  descr.  cf,  9);  idem,  1.  c.,  27, 
1859,  p.  142  (Pallatanga,  w.  Ecuador);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1879, 
p.  525  (Santa  Elena,  Antioquia);  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1884, 
p.  302  (Cayandeled,  Chaguarpata,  Surupata,  w.  Ecuador);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  253  (part;  Bogota,  Santa  Elena,  Colombia;  "Monji," 

•  A  male  in  the  Tring  and  a  female  in  the  Paris  museums,  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Drymophila  devillei  devillei  (MENEG.  and  HELLM.):  Adult  male  nearest  to  D.  c. 
caudata,  but  tail  entirely  black  tipped  with  white  (instead  of  being  olive  gray,  with 
a  broad  black  sub  terminal  band  preceding  the  white  tips),  and  the  median  pair  of 
rectrices  with  four  distinct  white  marginal  spots  on  either  web;  besides,  the  stripes 
on  the  back  and  the  apical  spots  on  the  upper  wing  coverts  are  pure  white  instead 
of  buff,  the  edges  to  the  primaries  hoary  white,  not  buff.  Female  differs  by  having  the 
stripes  on  the  pileum  and  back  as  well  as  the  markings  on  the  wing  coverts  bright 
buff;  by  lacking  the  white  interscapular  patch;  and  by  the  light  buff  (instead  of 
white)  under  surface  and  sides  of  the  head,  with  the  chest  stripes  somewhat  nar- 
rower, and  the  flanks  paler  ochraceous.  Wing  (o*1  ad.)  54;  tail  67;  bill  14. — C.  E.  H. 

0  Drymophila  devillei  subochracea  CHAPMAN:  "Similar  to  D.  d.  devillei,  but  both 
sexes  with  entire  under  parts  ochraceous  buff,  paler  on  throat  and  middle  of  abdomen, 
deeper  on  breast  and  flanks:  outer  margins  of  inner  wing  quills  more  ochraceous; 
female  with  ochraceous  streaking  of  upper  parts  and  wing  coverts  somewhat  deeper." 
(Chapman,  1.  c.)  Unknown  to  the  authors. 


198  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

"Rio  Napo,"  Pallatanga,  Ecuador);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  65  (Milli- 

galli,  "Gualea",8  w.  Ecuador);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom. 

Paris,  (9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  38  (Bogota,  Antioquia;  Gualea,  w.  Ecuador); 

MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  gfegr.  Mes.  Arc.  M€rid.  Equat.,  9,  1911,  p.  B  33 

(Gualea). 
Drymophila  caudata  caudata  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917, 

p.  378  (Las  Lomitas,  Cocal,  Gallera,  w.  Andes;  Salento,  Santa  Elena,  El 

Eden,  c.  Andes,  Colombia). 
Drymophila  caudata  striaticeps  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  31, 

1912,  p.  145  (above  Salento,  Cauca,  c.  Andes  of  Colombia). 
Drymophila  caudata  occidentalis  DOMANIEWSKI  and  STOLZMANN,  Discipl.  Biol. 

Archiv.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsav.,   i,  No.  8,   1922,  p.  —  (Sep.  p.  2)  (Surupata, 

w.  Ecuador). 

Range:  Subtropical  zone  of  the  Andes  of  Colombia  (all  three 
ranges)  and  Ecuador  (both  slopes). b 

Drymophila  caudata  peruviana  Domaniewski  and  Stolzmann."    PERU- 
VIAN LONG-TAILED  ANTBIRD. 

Drymophila  caudata  peruviana  DOMANIEWSKI  and  STOLZMANN,    Discipl.  Biol. 

Archiv.  Soc.  Scient.  Varsav.,  i,  No.  8,  1922,  p.  —  (Sep.  p.  3)  (Garita  del  Sol, 

Dept.  Junin,  c.  Peru). 
Formicivora  caudata  (not  of  SCLATER)  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lond.,  1896,  p.  382  (Garita  del  Sol). 

Range:   Central  Peru,  in  Dept.  Junin  (Garita  del  Sol,  Chilpes). 

•  There  is  no  specimen  from  Gualea  in  the  Tring  Museum,  but  there  is  in  the 
Goodfellow  Collection,  besides  the  one  from  Milligalli,  one  male  from  Intac  and 
one  from  "below  Mindo." — C.  E.  H. 

b  I  am  quite  unable  to  detect  any  constant  difference  between  three  males 
from  "Bogota,"  two  from  Santa  Elena,  Antioquia,  two  from  Bafios,  e.  Ecuador, 
and  four  from  w.  Ecuador  (Intac,  Mindo,  "Quito").  In  unworn  plumage  the  median, 
like  the  lateral  portion  of  the  pileum,  is  plainly  streaked  with  white  in  both  Col- 
ombian and  Ecuadorian  examples.  In  opposition  to  Domaniewski  and  Stolzmann's 
statement,  Ecuadorian  males  have  the  ground  color  of  the  throat  and  foreneck  pure 
white  (not  "fauve"),  like  those  from  Colombia,  and  while  their  tails  may  be  on  an 
average  slightlv  shorter,  this  difference  should  be  confirmed  by  a  good  series  before 
admitting  occidentalis  as  entitled  to  recognition. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL 

Three  d"  o*  from  "Bogota"  55-57  75-77 

Two  o"  o"  from  Santa  Elena  55,56  76,79 

Two  o*  o"  from  Bafios,  e.  Ecuador  56,56  74,77 

Four  d*  c?  from  w.  Ecuador  53-55  7* 

Three  9  9  from  Bafios,  e.  Ecuador  52-54  72.^,73,74 

One  9  from  Milligalli,  w.  Ecuador  51  68 

— C.  E.  H. 

0  Drymophila  caudata  peruviana  DOM  AN.  and  STOLZM.  :  This  form,  unknown  to 
the  authors,  is  stated  to  differ  from  D.  c.  caudata  by  smaller  size,  wider  white  stripes 
on  pileum  and  sides  of  head,  and  paler,  also  less  extended  ochraceous  color  of  the 
abdomen.  The  dimensions,  as  given  by  the  describers  (wing  [c?]  54^,  [9]  54; 
tail  73,  72^)  are,  however,  not  different  from  those  of  caudata.  F.  M.  Chapman 
(in  litt.)  considers  it  inseparable.— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  199 

Drymophila  caudata  hellmayri   Todd*    SANTA  MARTA  LONG-TAILED 
ANTBIRD. 

Drymophila  caudata  hellmayri  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  28,  1915,  p.  80 
(Cincinnati,  Santa  Marta  district;  type  in  Carnegie  Museum  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.);  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922,  p.  306  (Cin- 
cinnati, Las  Vegas,  Pueblo  Viejo,  Chirua,  Heights  of  Chirua). 

Formicivora  caudata  (not  of  SCLATER)  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  1898, 
p.  176  (Palomina);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  1900,  p.  160 
(Minca). 

Drymophila  caudata  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13,  1899,  p.  100  (Chirua, 
La  Concepcion,  San  Francisco,  Santa  Cruz,  San  Antonio,  San  Miguel). 

Range :  Santa  Marta  district,  northern  Colombia. 

Drymophila   caudata  klagesi   Hellmayr   and  Seilern*      VENEZUELAN 

LONG-TAILED  ANTBIRD. 

Drymophila  caudata  klagesi  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  Sept.  1912,  p.  127  (Los  Palmales,  Bermudez  [type];  Las  Quiguas, 
Carabobo,  n.  Venezuela). 

Formicivora  caudata  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
P-  253  (part;  spec,  k,  Venezuela). 

Range:  Coast  range  of  Venezuela,  in  states  of  Bermudez  (Los 
Palmales,  Quebrada  Secca,  La  Tigrera),  Dept.  Federal  Occidental 
(Loma  Redonda,  north  of  Caracas)  and  State  of  Carabobo  (Las  Qui- 
guas near  San  Esteban). 

Drymophila  malura  (Temminck}.   DUSKY-TAILED  ANTBIRD. 

Myothera  malura  (Natterer  Ms.)  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  59,  June  1825, 
pl-  353.  %•  i  (c?)»  2(9)  ("au  Br&il,  dans  le  district  d'Ypan&na,"  Prov. 
Sao  Paulo). 

Formicivora  malura  MENETRIES,  Mem.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Pdters.,  (6thser.),3,  Part 2  (Sci. 
Nat.),  1835,  p.  496  (part;  descr.  of  d"  =  o*  juv.;  "Diamantina,  Minas  Geraes," 
locality  doubtless  erroneous);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  26,  1858,  p.  241 
(Ypanema,  S.  Paulo;  descr.  o",  9);  PELZELN,  Om.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  83 
(Ypanema);  idem,  Nunq.  otios.,  2,  1874,  p.  291  (Novo  Friburgo,  Prov.  Rio); 

•  Drymophila  caudata  hellmayri  TODD:  Similar  to  D.  c.  caudata,  but  male  with 
middle  of  crown  and  nape  uniform  black,  without  white  streaks;  tail  more  olivaceous, 
less  grayish.  Wing  56;  tail  76;  bill  14.  Female  undescribed. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Drymophila  caudata  klagesi  HELLM.  and  SEIL.  :  Male  similar  to  D.  c.  hellmayri 
in  plain  black  middle  of  crown,  but  with  throat  and  foreneck,  instead  of  being  regu- 
larly striped,  nearly  uniform  white;  black  streaking  of  breast  reduced  in  extent; 
middle  cf  lower  breast  and  abdomen  extensively  white;  edges  of  dorsal  feathers  pure 
white  instead  of  buff;  female  distinguished  from  D.  c.  caudata  by  more  grayish  buff 
edges  on  back,  and  much  paler  under  parts,  the  lower  breast  and  abdomen  being 
creamy  white  instead  of  buff,  the  flanks  and  tail  coverts  lighter  ochraceous,  the  throat 
and  foreneck  pure  white,  unstreaked,  while  there  is  but  a  narrow  zone  of  blackish 
shaft  streaks  across  the  chest.  Wing  (eleven  0*0"  ad.)  55-57,  (seven  99)  50-54; 
tail  (c?1)  70-78,  (9)  72-80;  bill  13-14.— C.  E.  H. 


200  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

BERLEPSCH  and  JHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  1885,  p.  150  (Taquara,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  254  (se.  Brazil); 
JEERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  243  (Piquete,  Iporanga,  Ypiranga); 
idem,  1.  c.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Novo  Friburgo);  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul  para  o  anno  1900,  1899,  p.  130  (Mundo  Novo);  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz., 
I,  1907,  p.  212  (Piquete,  Ypiranga,  Estacao  do  Rio  Grande,  Iporanga,  Itar- 
ar6,  Alto  da  Serra,  S.  Paulo);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  522  (Sapucay,  Paraguay); 
BERTONI,  Seg.  Contrib.  Omit.  Parag.  in:  Revista  Inst.  Parag.,  1907,  p.  — 
(Sep.  p.  7)  (Misiones;  crit.);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  18, 
1910,  p.  429  (Misiones);  idem,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  1914,  p.  327  (Paraguay, 
Misiones). 

Ellipura  malura  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  68  (Ypanema, 
Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Formicivora  Arechavaletae  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  1901,  p.  141  (Alto  Parand, 
Paraguay;  =  d*  juv.). 

Drymophila  malura  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  1914,  p.  50  (Puerto  Bertoni,  Iguassti). 

Range:  Forest  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro 
to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  Paraguay  (Sapucay,  Puerto  Bertoni,  Alto 
Parana)  and  adjoining  portion  of  Misiones,  northeastern  Argentina. 

*Drymophila  squamata  squamata  (Lichtenstein) .   SCALED  ANTBIRD. 

Myiothera  squamata  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  44 
(Bahia;  descr.  o",  9). 

Formicivora  squamata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  241  (se.  Brazil; 
descr.  o",  9);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  84  (part;  Bahia);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  254  (descr.  and  hab.  part;  Bahia);  LIMA, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12,  2,  1920,  p.  99  (Ilh6os  to  Belmonte,  s.  Bahia). 

Formicivora  maculata  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  No.  6,  July  1825,  p.  147  ("Min- 
ing District  of  Brazil";  descr.  d").» 

Range:  Coast  region  of  State  of  Bahia,  eastern  Brazil,  from  Ilhe'os 
south  at  least  to  Caravellas;  Minas  Geraes  (?).« 

i:  Brazil  (Bahia  i). 

Drymophila  squamata  stictocorypha  (Boucard  and  Berlepsch).b   SOUTH- 
ERN SCALED  ANTBIRD. 

Formicivora  stictocorypha  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming  Bird,  2, 
No.  6,  June  1892,  p.  44  (Porto  Real,  Prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro;  type,  now  in 
Paris  Museum,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

•  A  single  male  from  "Minas  Geraes"  (without  any  further  locality)  in  the  Tring 
Museum,  while  somewhat  intermediate  between  squamata  and  stictocorypha  in 
markings  of  crown,  is  nearer  the  typical  race  with  which  it  also  agrees  in  the  more 
whitish  abdomen.— -C.  E.  H. 

b  Drymophila  squamata  stictocorypha  (Bouc.  and  BERL.)  :  Male  differs  from  that 
of  D.  s.  squamata  by  having  the  entire  pileum  spotted  with  white,  and  the  middle  of 
the  lower  belly  decidedly  darker  gray  (not  grayish  black,  as  stated  in  the  original 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  201 

Formicivora  squamata  stictocorypha  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR.BU!!.  Soc.  Philom. 

Paris,  (9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  38  (type  from  Porto  Real;  crit.);  JEERING,  Cat.  F. 

Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  213  (Porto  Real,  "Rio  Tocantins,  State  of  Goyaz,"  errore!). 
Formicivora  maculata  (not  of  SWAINSON)  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.f 

(6th  ser.),  3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  494,  pi.  5,  fig.  i  (Rio  de  Janeiro). 
Formicivora  squamata  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868, 

p.  84  (part;  Sapitiba,  Rio;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk. 

Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  364  (Aldea  da  Pedra,  Rio);  PELZELN, 

Nunq.  otios.,  2,  1874,  P-  29J  (Novo  Friburgo,  Rio);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 

Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  254  (part);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  243 

(Iguap6,  S.  Paulo);  idem,  1.  c.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Cantagallo,  Novo  Friburgo); 

idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  I,  1907,  p.  213  (Iguap6,  Ubatuba,  S.  Paulo;  Rio  Doce, 

Espirito  Santo). 
Ellipura  squamata  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  70  (Rio  de 

Janeiro ;  nesting  habits) ;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  22, 1874,?.  86  (Cantagallo). 

Range:  Coast  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Espirito 
Santo,*  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Sao  Paulo. 

Genus  TERENURA  Cabanis  and  Heine. 

Terenura  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Heinean.,  2,  1859,  p.  n  (type  by  mono- 
type Myiothera  maculata  WIED). 

Phyllobates  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  1901,  p.  142  (type  Phyllobates  ery- 
ihronotus  BERTONI  =  Myiothera  maculata  WIED). 

Terenura  maculata  (Wied).   CHESTNUT-MANTLED  ANT  WREN. 

Myiothera  maculata  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1088  (se.  Brazil, 
no  locality  specified,  we  suggest  Rio  de  Janeiro;  descr.  cf,  9  ). 

Leptorhynchus  striolatus  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  (6th  ser.), 
3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  517,  pi.  10,  fig.  2  (Rio  de  Janeiro) ;  CHROSTOW- 
SKI,  Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  I,  1921,  p.  25  (type  in  Petrograd 
Museum). 

Ramphocaenus  maculatus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  73 
(Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Formicivora  maculata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  242  (Rio;  descr.  o",  9 ). 

Terenura  maculata  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  183  (Brazil);  PEL- 
ZELN, Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  84  (Registo  do  Sai,  Rio  de  Janeiro);  CABANIS, 
Journ.  Ornith.,  22,  1874,  P-  85  (Cantagallo,  Rio);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  254  (Wied's  types);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 

description).  In  D.  s.  squamata,  on  the  other  hand,  there  is  only  a  row  of  white 
spots  along  the  lateral  parts  of  the  pileum,  while  the  center  is  uniform  black;  the 
lower  belly  appears  mainly  white,  scarcely  with  slight  grayish  suffusion.  Wing 
(of  type)  55 ;  tail  52 ;  bill  14. 

This  is  a  rather  ill-defined  race,  of  which  I  should  like  to  see  a  better  series. 
However,  with  one  exception  (male  from  Sapitiba),  all  Rio  examples  examined  differ 
in  the  above-mentioned  way  from  five  males  from  Bahia. — C.  E.  H. 

•  According  to  Jhering.   No  Espirito  Santo  specimens  examined  by  the  authors. 


202  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1890,  p.  257  (se.  Brazil);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Canta- 
gallo);  idem,  1.  c.,  6,  1905,  p.  355  (Sao  Sebastiao,  Avanhandava,  S.  Paulo); 
idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  213  (S.  Sebastiao,  Avanhandava,  Rio  Feio, 
Ubatuba,  S.  Paulo;  Rio  Doce,  Espirito  Santo;  Paraguay);  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  18,  1910,  p.  285  (Alto  Parana);  idem,  Bol.  Soc. 
Physis,  i,  1914,  p.  177  (Iguazii,  Misiones);  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  1914, 
p.  51  (Puerto  Bertoni). 

Phyllobates  erythronotus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  1901,  p.  142  (Alto  Parana, 
e.  Paraguay).' 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Espirito  Santo 
to  Santa  Catharina,b  and  adjoining  districts  of  eastern  Paraguay  (Alto 
Parana"),  and  Misiones,  northeastern  Argentina  (Iguazu). 

Terenura  callinota  (Sclater)."  RUFOUS-RUMPED  ANT  WREN. 

Formicivora  callinota  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  89,  pi.  96  ("Bogota" 
coll.;  type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr.  o"  ad.),  147 
(Bogota);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  242  (Bogota). 

Terenura  callinota  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  118 
(Pallatanga,  w.  Ecuador);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  257 
(Nanegal,  w.  Ecuador;  Bogota;  Calobre,  Veragua;  descr.  o");  SALVIN  and 
GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  213  (part;  Veraguas,  Bogota, 
Nanegal;  excl.  Peru);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  84 
(part;  Calobre,  Veragua,  through  Colombia  [Bogota]  to  Nanegal  and  Palla- 
tanga, w.  Ecuador);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  378 
(Aguadita,  near  Fusugasuga,  Colombia). 

Range :  Panama  (Calobre,  Veragua) ;  Colombia  (Bogota ;  Aguadita, 
near  Fusugasuga)  and  western  Ecuador  (Pallatanga,  Nanegal). 

Terenura    humeralis    Sclater    and    Salvin*     CHESTNUT-SHOULDERED 

ANT  WREN. 

Terenura  humeralis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  159  (Sarayacu, 
e.  Ecuador;  types  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Ibis,  1881, 

•  A  female  topotype  in  the  Museu  Paulista,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.,  agrees 
perfectly  with  others  from  se.  Brazil. — C.  E.  H. 

b  An  adult  male  obtained  by  Carl  Lehl  at  Blumenau  and  preserved  in  the 
Berlepsch  Collection.— C.  E.  H. 

•  Terenura  callinota   (SCLATER):    The  male  is  characterized  by  golden  yellow 
bend  of  wing,  bright  olive  yellow  abdomen,  and  by  having  a  number  of  black 
streaks  or  spots  on  that  portion  of  the  middle  back,  adjoining  the  light  chestnut 
rump.  Wing  (five  cf  o"  ad.)  51-56;  tail  40-46;  bill  13-14.  Material  examined:  Three 
d"  o*  Bogotd,  including  the  type;  one  Calobre,  Veragua;  one  near  Nanegal,  Ecuador. 
No  female  seen. — C.  E.  H. 

d  Terenura  humeralis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Male  differs  from  T.  callinota  by 
chestnut  (instead  of  golden  yellow)  bend  of  wing;  absence  of  black  streaks  on  middle 
back;  darker  chestnut  rump;  pale  grayish  abdomen,  but  slightly  tinged  with  pale 
yellowish  on  flanks  and  under  tail  coverts;  shorter  tail.  Female  differs  by  having  the 
pileum  brownish  (instead  of  black),  the  bend  of  the  wing  dark  olive  green,  the  throat 
buffy,  and  the  lower  belly  bright  olive  yellow.  Wing  (two  o"  cf  from  Sarayacu) 
y>lA,  52,  (one  cf  from  Pebas)  49;  tail  38,  34,  35;  bill  13-14. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY. 


203 


p.  270,  pi.  9,  fig.  2  (o"),  3(9)  (Sarayacu);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  258  (Sarayacu);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  65  (Papallacta,  e.  Ecua- 
dor; spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Terenura  callinota  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  53Q 
(Ropaybamba,  c.  Peru;  one  9);  idem,  Orn.  PSrou,  2,  1884,  p.  52  (descr.  of 
d"  from  Pebas,  examined  in  Paris  Museum  by  C.  E.  H.,  of  9  from  Ropay- 
bamba, Peru);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  84  (part; 
Ropaybamba,  Peru). 

Range:  From  eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu,  Papallacta)  south  to 
northern  and  central  Peru  (Pebas,  Rio  Maranon;  Ropaybamba,  Dept. 
Junin). 

Terenura  sharpei  Berlepsch.*  YELLOW-RUMPED  ANT  WREN. 

Terenura  sharpei  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  49,  Jan.  1901,  p.  97  (Quebrada  onda, 

e.  Yungas,  Bolivia;  type  in  Berlepsch  Collection  examined  by  C.  E.  H.; 

descr.  o"  ad.). 
Terenura  xanthonota  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  14,  Sept.  1901, 

p.  228  (Inca  Mine  [  =  Santo  Domingo],  Marcapata  district,  se.  Peru). 

Range:  Northern  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  Cochabamba)  and  south- 
eastern Peru  (Marcapata  district). 

Terenura  spodioptila   spodioptila  Sclater  and  Salving    ASH-WINGED 

ANT  WREN. 

Terenura  spodioptila  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  270,  pi.  9,  fig.  i  (  =  d" ) 

.     (Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana;  type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.; 

descr.  d");  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  426  (Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa);  SCLATER, 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  258  (same  localities);  BERLEPSCH  and  HART- 

ERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  75  (Suapure,  Caura  R.f  Venezuela;  spec,  in  Tring 

•  Terenura  sharpei  BERLEPSCH:  Male  agrees  with  T.  callinota  in  golden  yellow 
bend  of  wing,  but  differs  by  having  the  rump  and  a  stripe  along  the  middle  of  the 
back  sulphur  yellow,  laterally  bordered  with  black,  and  the  abdomen  deeper,  more 
greenish  yellow.  Wing  54;  tail  45.  Female  unknown. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Terenura  spodioptila  spodioptila  SCL.  and  SALV.  :  Male  similar  to  T.  humeralis 
and  like  this  species  with  chestnut  rump;  but  the  feathers  on  the  bend  of  the  wing 
are  black,  edged  with  slate  gray,  instead  of  uniform  chestnut,  the  flanks  lack  the 
yellowish  tinge,  while  the  axillaiies  and  under  wing  coverts  are  pure  white,  instead 
of  pale  yellowish. 

A  male  from  Suapure,  Caura,  differs  from  two  Guianan  ones  by  having  the  tips  of 
some  of  the  upper  wing  coverts  washed  with  buff  (instead  of  pure  white),  while  the 
female  is  more  rufescent  on  the  forehead,  less  grayish  on  hindneck  and  upper  tail 
coverts,  and  darker  brownish  buff  on  throat  and  foreneck. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Two  o"  o"  ad.  from  British  Guiana  50,50  38,39          13^14 

One  c?  from  Suapure,  Venezuela  50  38  >£  14 

One  9  from  Camacusa,  British  Guiana  48  37 

One  9  from  Suapure,  Venezuela  50  39 

— C.  E.  H. 


204  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
1916,  p.  286  (Suapure);  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  1917,  p.  132  (Bartica); 
CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  42  (Bartica,  Camacusa). 

Range:    British  Guiana  (Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa)   and  eastern 
Venezuela  (Suapure,  Caura  River). 

Terenura  spodioptila  elaopteryx  Leverkuhn.*    CAYENNE  ASH-WINGED 
ANT  WREN. 

Terenura  elaopteryx  LEVERKUHN,  Journ.  Ornith.,  37,  1889,  p.  107  (Cayenne; 

type,  now  in  Berlin  Museum,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr.  d*);  BERLEPSCH, 

Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  156  (Cayenne). 
Terenura  elaeopteryx  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  289  (Rio  Jary, 

S.  Antonio  da  Cachoeira,  n.  Brazil;  one  9). 

Range:   French  Guiana  (Cayenne)  and  northeastern  Brazil,  north 
bank  of  the  lower  Amazon  (Rio  Jary). 


Genus  PSILORHAMPHUS  Sclater.b 

Leptorhynchus  (not  of  GUERIN,  1830)  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Pe"tersb., 
(6th  ser.),  3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  515  (type  L.  guttatus  MENETRIES). 

Psilorhamphus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  July  1855,  p.  90  (type  Leptorhynchus 
guttatus  MENETRIES). 

Psilorhamphus  guttatus  (Menttrtts).   SPOTTED  ANT  WREN. 

Leptorhynchus  guttatus  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  PStersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3, 
Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  516,  pi.  10,  fig.  i  ("Cuyaba,  coll.  Langsdorff"; 
the  locality  probably  refers  to  the  gold  mine  "Cuyaba"  near  Sabara,  Minas 
Geraes',  and  not  to  the  capital  of  Matto  Grosso;  type  in  Petrograd  Museum 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  I, 
1921,  p.  24  (note  on  type). 

Ramphocaenus  guttatus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  73 
(ex  MENETRIES). 

Psilorhamphus  guttatus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  243  ("Cuyabd"; 
descr.);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  183  (Brazil);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  259  (se.  Brazil);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  214 
("Matto  Grosso"). 

•  Terenura    spodioptila    elaopteryx    LEVERKOHN:      Male   differs  from   typical 
spodioptila  (two  from  British  Guiana,  one  from  Suapure  compared)  in  paler,  more 
whitish  under  parts,  and  decidedly  olive  green  (instead  of  slate  gray)  edges  to  the 
remiges.   The  type  is  a  skin  of  the  unmistakable  Cayenne  "make."  The  validity  of 
this  race  requires  confirmation  by  a  series  from  French  Guiana. — C.  E.  H. 

b  I  am  altogether  uncertain  as  to  the  systematic  position  of  this  peculiar  bird. 
While  it  closely  agrees  with  Neorhopias  in  shape  of  wing  and  tail,  the  structure  of 
the  bill  and  nostrils,  together  with  certain  color  characters,  such  as  the  white  dots 
on  the  upper  parts  and  the  dusky  cross-lines  on  the  flanks,  suggest  Troglodytine 
affinities.— C.  E.  H. 

•  See  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,i870,  p.  366,  in  text. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  205 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  Sao  Paulo,  and  (?)  Minas  Geraes.« 

Genus  RAMPHOCAENUS  Viefflot." 

Ramphocaenus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  29,  1819,  p.  5 

(type  Ramphocaenus  melanurus  VIEILLOT). 
Acontistes  SUNDEVALL,  Kgl.  Vetensk.  Ak.  Handl.  for  1835,  1836,  p.  95  (type 

Troglodytes  rectirostris  SWAINS.  =  Ramphocaenus  melanurus  VIEILL.). 
Scolopacinus  BONAPARTE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  5,  "1837,"  publ.  June  1838,  p.  118 

(type  Scolopacinus  ruftoentris  BONAPARTE). 

Ramphocaenus    melanurus    melanurus     Vieillot.      STRAIGHT-BILLED 
ANT  WREN. 

Ramphocaenus  melanurus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  ecL,  29, 
1819,  p.  6  ("Br6sil";  the  type  in  the  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H., 
was  obtained  by  Delalande,  junior,  in  the  vicinity  of  Rio  de  Janeiro) ;  idem 
and  OUDART,  Galerie  Ois.,  i,  (2),  p.  204,  pi.  128  (fig.  of  type);  BURMEISTER, 
Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  72  (Bahia);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1867,  p.  576  (Capim  River;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  254  (note  on  Wied's  type);  MENE- 
GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  foth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  42 
(note  on  type). 

Troglodytes  rectirostris  SWAINSON,  Zool.  111.,  (ist  ser.),  3,  1822,  pi.  140  (Brazil). 

Thryothorus  gladiator  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  751  (se.  Brazil, 
locality  not  specified). 

Ramphocaenus  melanurus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  243  (se.  Brazil; 
Para);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  84  (part,  Bahia;  spec,  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1883,  p.  94  (monogr.;  se.  Bra- 
zil, Bahia,  R.  Capim);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  260  (Bahia, 
Pernambuco,  Rio  Capim;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  243  (Iguapfi,  S.  Paulo;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem, 
Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  214  (Iguape,  Alto  da  Serra,  Ubatuba,  S.  Paulo; 
Rio  Doce,  Esp.  Santo);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  286  (Para); 
idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  290  (Para,  Mocajatuba,  Ananindeua, 
Benevides,  Rio  Guama;  Mazagao,  Baiao,  right  bank  of  R.  Tocantins). 

•  Besides  the  type,  I  have  examined  two  additional  specimens:  an  adult  of  the 
well-known  "Rio"  make  in  the  British  Museum,  and  a  male  secured  by  J.  L.  Lima 
at  Ypiranga,  Sao  Paulo,  on  November  i,  1913,  forming  part  of  the  Zoological 
Museum,  Munich  (No.  14.1009). 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING      TAIL         TARS.          BILL 

Type  of  L.  guttatus  MENETR.  49  55  24^  15^ 

Adult  from  Rio  52  57  23  17 

Male  from  Ypiranga  49  58  23  15 

Graduation  of  tail  30.— C.  E.  H. 

bAs  will  be  shown  by  Mr.  W.  DeW.  Miller  in  a  paper  shortly  to  be  published, 
the  genera  Ramphocaenus  and  Microbates  constitute  a  separate  family. 


2o6  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Ramphocaenus  melanurus  melanurus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  373 
(diagn.;  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Iguap6,  S.  Paulo;  Bahia,  Pernambuco,  Capim  River, 
Para);  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912, 
p.  47  (Ipitinga),  92  (Para  localities);  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12,  (2),  1920, 
p.  99  (Ilh£os-Belmonte,  s.  Bahia). 

Range:  Coast  region  of  eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Para  (west  to 
the  right  bank  of  the  Tocantins),  Pernambuco,  Bahia,  Espirito  Santo, 
Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Sao  Paulo.' 

Ramphocaenus  melanurus  trinitatis   Lesson*    NORTHERN  STRAIGHT- 
BILLED  ANT  WREN. 

Ramphocaenus  trinitatis  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  2, 1839,  P-  42  ("in  insula  Trinitatis"; 
locality  possibly  erroneous).* 

Rhamphocaenus  melanurus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  168 
(Trinidad);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  84  (part,  Rio  Amajau;  spec, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  79 
(Munduapo,  Nericagua,  R.  Orinoco;  Suapure,  La  Pricion,  R.  Caura;  spec, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Ramphocaenus  melanurus  trinitatis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6, 
1894,  p.  526  (Princestown,  Trinidad);  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  1897,  p.  365  (Cuman- 
acoa,  S.  Antonio,  Bermudez);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  32  (Caparo, 
Trinidad);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  373  (diag. ;  hab.  part,  Trinidad;  Venezuela, 
Orinoco-Caura  region,  Bermudez;  Rio  Meta,  Colombia;  Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecua- 
dor; R.  Amajau,  nw.  Brazil);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
1916,  p.  292  (Munduapo,  Nericagua,  Orinoco;  Suapure,  Maripa,  Caura  R.); 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 1917,  p.  379  (Buena  Vista,  se.  Col- 
ombia). 

Rhamphocaenus  albiventris  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1883,  p.  95  (part; 
Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  261  (part; 
spec,  h,  Sarayacu). 

Range:  Trinidad;  northeastern  and  southern  Venezuela  (La  Tig- 
rera,  Quebrada  Secca,  San  Antonio,  Cumanacoa,  Cristobal  Colon, 
Paria  Peninsula,  State  of  Bermudez;  Suapure,  La  Pricion,  Maripa, 
Caura  River;  Munduapo,  Nericagua,  Orinoco  River);  northwestern 
Brazil  (Rio  Amajau,  an  affluent  of  the  Rio  Negro) ;  eastern  Colombia 

•  Eleven  specimens  (2  Iguapfi,  Sao  Paulo,  i  Rio  de  Janeiro,  5  Bahia,  i  Pernam- 
buco, i  Capim,  i  Ipitinga,  Rio  Acara)  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Ramphocaenus  melanurus  trinitatis  LESSON:  Differs  from  R.  m.  melanurus  in 
having  the  back  smoke  or  earthy  brown,  in  decided  contrast  to  the  russet  brown 
crown,  and  the  sides  of  the  head  and  neck  deep  ochraceous. 

«  It  appears  extremely  doubtful  if  the  name  trinitatis  really  refers  to  the  present 
form.  The  passage  "infra  niveo,  lateralibus  griseis"  tallies  much  better  with  the 
characters  of  the  Guianan  race  (albiventris).  Unfortunately,  I  have  not  been  able 
to  trace  the  whereabouts  of  the  type,  if  it  still  exists.  It  is  not  in  the  Paris  Museum . 
~  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS  —  CORY.  207 

(  Villa  vicencio,  Buena  Vista,  Rio  Meta);  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo, 
Sarayacu).a 

Ramphocaenus  melanurus  pallidus   Todd.b    PALLID  STRAIGHT-BILLED 
ANT  WREN. 

Ramphocaenus  melanurus  pallidus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  Aug.  1913, 

p.  172  (El  Hacha,  Bolivar  Railroad,  State  of  Lara,  nw.  Venezuela;  type  in 

Carnegie  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 
Rhamphocaenus  melanurus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lond.,  1868,  p.  628  (San  Esteban;  spec,  examined). 
Rhamphocaenus  albiventris  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1883,  p.  95  (part;  S.  Esteban);  idem, 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  261  (part;  spec,  a,  S.  Esteban,  erroneously 

given  as  type). 
Ramphocaenus  melanurus  trinitatis  (not  of  LESSON)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14, 

1907,  p.  373  (crit.;  part.  S.  Esteban);  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg., 

78,  A,  Heft  5,  1912,  p.  128  (S.  Esteban). 

Range  :  Coast  region  of  northwestern  Venezuela,  in  states  of  Cara- 
bobo  (San  Esteban,  El  Trompillo,  Sierra  de  Carabobo)  and  Lara 
(El  Hacha,  Aroa,  Bolivar  Railroad). 

Ramphocaenus     melanurus     albiventris     Sdater.6      WHITE-BELLIED 
STRAIGHT-BILLED  ANT  WREN. 


Rhamphocaenus  albiventris  SCLATER,  Ibis,  (sth  ser.),  i,  1883,  p.  95  (part;  type 
from  Surinam  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.  ;  see  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  67,  374);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  426  (Bartica  Grove,  Cama- 
cusa);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  53  (part;  descr.  of  cf  from  Cay- 
enne); SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  261  (part;  spec,  b-e,  Bartica 
Grove,  Camacusa,  Quonga,  Brit.  Guiana;  Surinam);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  290  (S.  Antonio  da  Cachoeira,  Rio  Jary,  n.  Brazil);  BEEBE, 
Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  1917,  p.  132  (Bartica);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  a, 
1912,  p.  43  (Brit.  Guiana). 

*  There  is  much  individual  variation  in  the  amount  of  ochraceous  underneath. 
Birds  from  Trinidad,  the  Caura  and  Orinoco  basin  generally  have  the  lower  parts 
more  strongly  washed  with  ochraceous  buff  across  chest  and  along  sides  than  those 
from  Bermudez.  Two  from  Trinidad,  one  female  from  La  Pricion,  Caura,  and  a  male 
from  the  Rio  Amajau,  nw.  Brazil,  however,  are  indistinguishable  from  the  general 
run  of  the  latter,  while  two  or  three  from  the  hinterland  of  Cumand  agree  with  the 
average  from  Trinidad.  Yet  it  is  undeniable  that  the  inhabitants  of  Berraudez  form 
the  transition  to  pallidus.  from  which  the  palest  examples  are  separable  only  by 
their  rather  darker  buff  sides  and  flanks.  Thirty-five  specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Ramphocaenus  melanurus  pallidus  TODD:  Differs  from  R.  m.  trinitatis  by  its 
paler  under  parts,  only  the  inner  sides  and  flanks  being  much  less  extensively  washed 
with  lighter  buff;  besides,  the  back  is  more  smoke  grayish,  less  brownish.  Wing 
47-51;  tail  41-48;  bill  21-23.  Material:  one  o",  one  9  El  Hacha,  one  o"  Aroa, 
two  d"  d"  El  Trompillo,  one  o"  Sierra  de  Carabobo,  one  d",  two  9  9  San  Esteban. 
—  C.  E.  H. 

0  Ramphocaenus  melanurus  albiventris  SCL.  :  Differs  from  the  preceding  races  by 
entirely  white  under  parts,  with  a  slight  grayish  tinge  on  the  flanks;  whitish  sides  of 
head,  washed  with  pale  brownish  on  posterior  portion  of  auriculars;  much  paler 
ochraceous  buff  sides  of  neck.  Eight  specimens  (i  Surinam,  i  Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, 
French  Guiana,  6  British  Guiana)  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


208  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Ramphocaenus  melanurus  albiventris  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  67, 
in  text  (crit.;  type  from  Surinam),  374  (diag. ;  Surinam,  Cayenne;  Bartica 
Grove,  Camacusa,  Quonga,  Annai,  Brit.  Guiana). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana,  south  to  the  north 
bank  of  the  lower  Amazon,  northern  Brazil  (San  Antonio  da  Cachoeira, 
Rio  Jary). 

Ramphocaenus  melanurus  amazonum  Hellmayr*  AMAZONIAN  STRAIGHT- 
BILLED  ANT  WREN. 

Rhamphocaenus  melanurus  amazonum  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  66 
(Teffe',  Rio  Solimoes,  nw.  Brazil);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  415 
(ex  HELLMAYR);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  290  (Cameta, 
Arumatheua,  left  bank  of  R.  Tocantins;  Rio  Iriri  (Bocca  do  Curua);  Sta. 
Helena,  Tucunare,  Rio  Jamauchim;  Boim,  R.  Tapaj6z). 

Ramphocaenus  melanurus  amazonum  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  373 
(Humaytha,  Borba,  R.  Madeira),  374  (diag.;  Teff6,  R.  Madeira;  Chyavetas, 
Santa  Cruz,  Yurimaguas,  n.  Peru);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  352  (Calama, 
R.  Madeira). 

Rhamphocaenus  melanurus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1867,  p.  751  (Chyavetas,  ne.  Peru);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1882,  p.  31  (Yurimaguas);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  532 
(Arumatheua,  Tocantins). 

Rhamphocaenus  albiventris  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1883,  p.  95  (part;  Chyavetas,  Peru); 
TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  53  (part;  descr.  of  9  from  Yuri- 
maguas; Peruvian  localities);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  261 
(part;  spec,  f,  g,  Chyavetas,  Santa  Cruz,  e.  Peru). 

Range:  North  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  left  bank  of 
the  Tocantins  (Cameta,  Arumatheua)  west  to  Teffe",  Rio  Solimoes, 
south  to  the  upper  Rio  Madeira  (Humaytha,  Calama),  and  eastern 
Peru  (Yurimaguas,  Santa  Cruz,  Chyavetas). 

Ramphocaenus    melanurus    sticturus     Hellmayr*     MATTO    GROSSO 
STRAIGHT-BILLED  ANT  WREN. 

Rhamphocaenus  sticturus  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  52,  1902,  p.  97 
(Villa  Bella  de  Matto  Grosso,  w.  Matto  Grosso);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  I, 
1907,  p.  214  (ex  HELLMAYR). 

•  Ramphocaenus  melanurus  amazonum  HELLMAYR:  Nearest  to  .R.  m.  albiventris, 
but  sides  of  neck  even  paler,  creamy  buff  instead  of  ochraceous,  while  the  chest  and 
flanks  are  shaded  with  delicate  creamy  buff. 

Birds  from  the  Rio  Madeira  agree  with  the  type,  while  three  from  e.  Peru  are 
deeper  brown  above.  Material:  i  Teff6,  7  Rio  Madeira,  one  d"  Yurimaguas,  one  d* 
Santa  Cruz,  i  Chyavetas,  Peru. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Ramphocaenus  melanurus  sticturus  HELLMAYR:  At  once  distinguishable  from 
the  preceding  races  by  having  the  three  outer  pairs  of  rectrices  tipped  with  pure  white. 
Cheeks  and  auriculars  pale  cinnamon  as  in  melanurus,  sides  of  neck  ochraceous  buff, 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  209 

Ramphocaenus  melanurus  sticturus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  375 
(diag.;  Villa  Bella,  Engenho  do  Gama,  S.  Vicente,  w.  Matto  Grosso). 

Rhamphocaenus  melanurus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868, 
p.  84  (part;  Engenho  do  Gama,  Villa  Bella,  S.  Vicente,  w.  Matto  Grosso; 
spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Central  Brazil,  in  western  Matto  Grosso  (Sao  Vicente, 
Engenho  do  Gama,  Villa  Bella  de  Matto  Grosso,  on  the  headwaters 
of  the  Rio  Guapore"). 

*Ramphocaenus    rufiventris    rufiventris    (Bonaparte).*      NORTHERN 
LONG-BILLED  ANT  WREN. 

Scohpacinus  rufiventris  BONAPARTE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  5,  "1837,"  publ.  June  1838, 
p.  119  (Guatemala). 

Rhamphocaenus  rufiventris  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  244  (part;  Cen- 
tral America,  from  Guatemala  to  Panama);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,- 
1890,  p.  261  (part;  spec,  a-o,  Guatemala,  Costa  Rica,  Chiriqui,  Panama); 
DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Publ.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  No.  3,  1907,  p.  109 
(Los  Amates,  Guatemala);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  6n 
(Costa  Rica;  habits). 

Ramphocaenus  rufiventris  rufiventris  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  85  (monogr.;  se.  Mexico  to  Panama);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila., 
70,  1918,  p.  261  (Gatun,  Canal  Zone). 

Range :  From  southeastern  Mexico,  in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca 
and  Chiapas  southwards  through  Guatemala,  British  Honduras,  Hon- 
duras, Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica  to  the  Isthmus  of  Panama. 

6:  Guatemala  (Vera  Paz  i,  Los  Amates  i),  Costa  Rica  (Orosi  i, 
Lagarto  3). 

Ramphocaenus  rufiventris  sanctae-marthae  Sdater.b    SANTA  MARTA 
LONG-BILLED  ANT  WREN. 

Ramphocaenus  sanctae  marthae  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  380  (Santa 
Marta,  n.  Colombia;  type  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

decidedly  paler  than  in  melanurus;  chest,  sides  and  flanks  bright  cream  buff,  about 
the  same  shade  as  in  pale  bellied  examples  of  trinitatis,  and  very  much  deeper  than 
in  amazonum.  Wing  50-51 ;  tail  41-45;  bill  22-24.  Eight  specimens  examined. 

In  the  markings  of  the  lateral  rectiices,  R.  m.  sticturus  resembles  the  races  of 
R.  rufiventris,  which,  however,  are  easily  distinguished  by  the  olive  slate  or  dark 
smoke  gray  (instead  of  pale  earthy  brown)  back,  deep  cinnamon  sides  of  head  and 
neck,  as  well  as  much  darker  ochraceous  under  parts. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Probably  conspecific  with  R.  melanurus. 

b  Ramphocaenus  rufiventris  sanctae-marthae  SCLATER:  Distinguishable  from 
R.  r.  rufiventris  by  its  larger  size  and  paler,  less  rufescent  coloration,  the  back  in 
particular  being  more  brownish,  less  grayish. 

From  the  few  specimens  examined  this  form  would  hardly  seem  to  deserve  recog- 
nition.— C.  E.  H. 


zio  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY— ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Rhamphocaenus  rufiventris  sanctae-marthae  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12, 
1898,  p.  138  ("Santa  Marta");  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13, 
1900,  p.  160  (Bonda);  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922, 
p.  305  (Bonda,  La  Tigrera,  Don  Diego,  Mamatoco,  Fundaci6n,  Valencia; 
crit). 

Rhamphocaenus  rufiventris  (not  of  BONAPARTE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26, 
1858,  p.  244  (part;  Santa  Marta);  idem,  Ibis,  1883,  p.  95  (part;  Santa 
Marta);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  261  (part;  spec,  p,  Santa 
Marta). 

Range:   Santa  Marta  district  in  northeastern  Colombia. 

Ramphocaenus    rufiventris    griseodorsalis     Chapman.*     COLOMBIAN 
LONG-BILLED  ANT  WREN. 

Rhamphocaenus  rufiventris  griseodorsalis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
31,  1912,  p.  145  (Miraflores,  west  of  Palmira,  Cauca,  c.  Andes  of  Colombia); 
idem,  1.  c.,  36,  1917,  p.  379  (Dabeiba,  upper  Rio  Sucio;  Miraflores,  Salento, 
western  slope  of  c.  Andes). 

Ramphocaenus  rufiventris  (not  of  BONAPARTE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1879,  p.  525  (Santa  Elena,  Antioquia). 

Rhamphocaenus  rufiventris  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1883,  p.  95  (part;  Antioquia b); 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  261  (part;  spec,  q-t,  Medellin, 
Santa  Elena,  Antioquiab);  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1883,  p.  565  (Chimbo,  w.  Ecuador);  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  492 
(Chimbo);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899, 
p.  30  (Rio  Peripa,  w.  Ecuador;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Western  Colombia  (Dabeiba,  Rio  Sucio;  Miraflores  and 
Salento,  western  slope  of  central  Andes;  Medellin,  Santa  Elena,  Antio- 
quia) and  western  Ecuador  (Rio  Peripa,  Chimbo).0 


Genus  MICROBATES  Sclater  and  Salvin. 

Microbates  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  1873,  p.  155   (type 
Microbates  torquatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN  =  Rhamphocaenus  collaris  PELZELN). 

•  Ramphocaenus  rufiventris  griseodorsalis  CHAPMAN:  "Similar  to  R.  r.  rufiventris, 
but  with  the  back  slaty  smoke  giay,  the  head  less  rufous,  slightly  tinged  with  cinna- 
mon which  is  stronger,  more  ochraceous  on  forehead;  sides  of  head  less  strongly 
ochiaceous  buff;  but  ochraceous  buff  of  under  parts,  especially  abdomen  deeper. 
Wing  48;  tail  43;  bill  21."  (Chapman,  1.  c.) 

b  Sclater  also  mentions  two  "Bogota/'  skins  which  may  or  may  not  be  referable 
griseodorsalis.   The  only  Bogota 
R.  melanurus  trinitatis. — C.  E.  H. 


to  griseodorsalis.   The  only  Bogota  specimen  seen  by  me  unquestionably  belongs  to 
s.—C. 


0  Specimens  from  w.  Ecuador  (2  Rio  Peripa,  2  Chimbo)  generally  agree  with 
the  characters  of  griseodorsalis  as  indicated  by  F.  M.  Chapman,  but  they  should  be 
compared  with  topotypical  material  from  Colombia.  Wing  (c?1,  Rio  Peripa)  51  tf, 
(  9,  same  locality)  49;  tail  40;  bill  22  }4. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  211 

Microbates  collaris  (Pelzeln).   COLLARED  ANT  WREN. 

Rhamphocaenus  collaris  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  84,  157  (Barra 
do  Rio  Negro  (  =  Manaos)»,  Marabitanas  and  Rio  Icanna,  upper  Rio  Negro; 
spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1883,  p.  96, 
pi.  3;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  263  (Oyapoc,  French  Guiana) ; 
JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  214  (Rio  Negro,  Cayenne);  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  291  (range). 

Ramphocaenus  collaris  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  156  (Ipousin,  Rio 
Approuague,  French  Guiana). 

Microbates  torquatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  1873,  p.  72 
161  (Saint-Georges-d'Oyapoc,  French  Guiana). 

Microbates  collaris  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  380 
(Florencia,  Rio  Caqueta,  se.  Colombia). 

Range:  French  Guiana  (Saint  Georges  d'Oyapoc;  Ipousin,  Rio 
Approuague);  northwestern  Brazil  (Rio  Negro,  from  Mandos  up  to 
Marabitanas);  southeastern  Colombia  (Florencia,  Rio  Caquetd; 
Cuembi,  Rio  Putumayo).b 

*Microbates  cinereiventris  semitorquatus  (Lawrence)."  HALF-COLLARED 
ANT  WREN. 

Ramphocaenus  semitorquatus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  1862,  p.  469 
(Lion  Hill  Station,  Panama). 

Rhamphocaenus  semitorquatus  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1883,  P-  96  (part;  Veragua,  Pan- 
ama); idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  262  (part;  spec,  a-c,  Veragua); 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  219  (part; 
Costa  Rica,  Veragua,  Panama);  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  1902, 
p.  42  (Caribbean  slope  of  Volcan  de  Chiriqui);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 
Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  612  (Caribbean  lowlands  of  Costa  Rica). 

Mic rebates  cinereiventris  semitorquatus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
1911,  p.  89  (monogr.;  Costa  Rica,  Veragua,  Panama;  excl.  Antioquia). 

Range:  Caribbean  lowlands  of  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama 
(Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  Santiago  de  Veragua,  Lion  Hill  Station). 

i:   Costa  Rica  (Siguirres  i). 

•  Designated  as  type  locality  by  Berlepsch  (Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  156). 

b  Two  specimens  from  French  Guiana  (Rio  Approuague)  agree  with  one  from 
Manaos  (the  type  locality),  while  three  others  from  the  upper  Rio  Negto  (Mara- 
bitanas, Rio  Isanna)  are  decidedly  more  rufescent,  less  olivaceous  above.  A  male 
from  Cuembi,  Rio  Putumayo,  July  18,  1897  (G.  Hopke  Coll.,  Museum  Berlepsch), 
however,  is  again  more  like  the  Guiana  ones. — C.  E.  H. 

e  Microbates  cinereiventris  semitorquatus  (LAWR.):  Differs  from  M.  c.  cinereiven- 
tris by  lacking  the  distinct  brown  postocular  stripe,  and  by  having  the  belly  rather 
darker  cinereous  with  very  little,  if  any,  whitish  suffusion  in  the  middle.  Ten  speci- 
mens from  e.  Costa  Rica  (Carrillo)  and  Chiriqui  (Boquete),  but  none  from  the  type 
locality  examined  byC.  E.  H. 


2i2  FIELD  MUSEUM  or  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Microbates  cinereiventris  cinereiventris  (Sclater)*    GRAY-BREASTED 
ANT  WREN. 

Khamphocaenus  cinereiventris  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  June  1855,  p.  76,  pi.  87 
("Pasto,"  s.  Colombia;  locality  no  doubt  erroneous;  we  suggest  Buena- 
ventura, one  of  A.  Delattre's  collecting  stations);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  244 
("Pasto");  idem,  Ibis,  1883,  p.  96  (part;  "Pasto");  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZAN- 
OWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  565  (Chimbo,  w.  Ecuador);  HARTERT,  Nov. 
Zool.,  5, 1898^.492  (Cachavi,Prov.Esmeraldas,nw. Ecuador);  SALVADORI  and 
FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  30  (Rio  Peripa,  w.  Ecuador). 

Ramphocaenus  cinereiventris  cinereiventris  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911, 
p.  1164  (Novita,  Sipi;  Guineo,  Rio  Calima;  El  Paillon,  near  Buenaventura, 
Pacific  Colombia). 

Micr abates  cinereiventris  cinereiventris  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  379  (Alto  Bonito,  Juntas  de  Tamand,  Novita,  Buenaventura, 
S.  Josfi,  Barbacoas,  Buena vista  [Narifio],  Pacific  Colombia). 

Range:   From  eastern  Panama  (Tacarcuna)  along  the  Pacific  coast 
of  Colombia  south  to  Chimbo,  Prov.  Guayas,  western  Ecuador. 

2:    Ecuador  (San  Javier,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  i,  Chimbo  i). 


Microbates   cinereiventris   peruvianus    Chapman*    EASTERN   GRAY- 
BREASTED  ANT  WREN. 

Microbates  cinereiventris  peruvianus  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  Aug. 
1923,  P-  5  (La  Pampa  [type];  Rio  Tavara,  tributary  of  the  R.  Inambari, 
n.  Puno,  se.  Peru). 

Khamphocaenus  cinereiventris  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1883,  p.  96  (part; 
Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador);  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  565  (Sarayacu); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  262  (Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  spec, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu)  and  south- 
eastern Peru  (La  Pampa  and  Rio  Tavara,  north  slope  of  Andes  of 
Carabaya,  northern  Puno). 

•  Microbates  c.  cinereiventris  (ScL.)  is  recognizable  among  its  affines  by  possess- 
ing a  very  distinct  brown  postocular  stripe.— -C.  E.  H. 

b  Microbates  cinereiventris  peruvianus  CHAPM.  :  Like  M.  c.  semitorquatus  without 
trace  of  a  brown  postocular  stripe,  but  with  sides  of  the  head  much  deeper  ochraceous 
tawny,  and  upper  parts  darker,  the  pileum  in  particular  being  more  tufescent. 
Wing  51-52  )4;  tail  27-29;  bill  20. 

Although  I  have  not  seen  specimens  from  the  type  locality,  four  skins  from 
Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador  (I  had  alluded  to  their  probable  distinctness  in  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1911,  p.  1164),  agree  so  well  with  Chapman's  diagnosis  that  I  have  no  doubt  they 
belong  to  the  same  race. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  213 

Microbates  cinereiventris  magdalenae  Chapman.*  MAGDALENA  VALLEY 
ANT  WREN. 

Microbates  cinereiventris  magdalenae  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  34, 

1915,  p.  642   (Malena,  near  Puerto  Berrio,  lower  Magdalena,  Antioquia); 

idem,  1.  c.,  36,  1917,  p.  379  (same  locality). 
Ramphocaenus  cinereiventris  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lond.,  1879,  p.  525  (Antioquia;  spec,  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 
Rhamphocaenus  semitorquatus  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1883,  p.  96 

(part;  Antioquia);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  263  (part;  spec,  c, 

Antioquia). 

Range:    Eastern  Colombia,  State  of  Antioquia,  lower  Magdalena 
(Malena,  near  Puerto  Berrio). 


Genus  CERCOMACRA  Sclater. 

Cercomacra  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  244  (type  by  subs,  desig., 
SCLATER,  1890,  Cercomacra  caerulescens  SCLATER  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  =  Cercom- 
acra brasiliana  HELLMAYR). 

Cercomacra  cinerascens  (Sclater}.   GRAY  ANTBIRD. 

Formicivora  cinerascens  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  1857,  p.  131  (part;  descr. 
of  specimen  from  Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador;  type,  now  in  British  Museum,  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.;  see  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  1905,  p.  288  in  text); 
idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  67  (Rio  Napo). 

Formicivora  caerulescens  ?  (not  Myrmothera  caerulescens  VIEILLOT,  1819)  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22,  1854,  p.  112  (Quixos,  e.  Ecuador). 

Cercomacra  cinerascens  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  245  (part;  descr.  et 
hab.,  Rio  Napo) ;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  184  (Rio  Napo) ;  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  978  (Pebas;  spec,  in  Brit.  Museum  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  275  (part;  Pebas;  descr.  of  nest  and 
eggs);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  55  (part;  Pebas);  SALVIN,  Ibis, 
1885,  p.  426  (Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  264  (part;  spec,  a-e,  Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Brit. 
Guiana;  f,  Pebas;  k,  1,  Rio  Napo);  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  I,  1917,  p.  132 
(Bartica);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  1905,  p.  287  (crit.;  diag.  c?,  9;  Rio 
Napo,  e.  Ecuador;  Pebas,  ne.  Peru;  Venezuela,  Orinoco  and  Caura  rivers; 
Brit.  Guiana,  Cayenne);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  322  (Cayenne); 
CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  286  (Munduapo,  Orin- 
oco R.;  Caura). 

Cercomacra  napensis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  572  (Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecua- 
dor; type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  265  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  Oyapoc,  Cayenne); 

•  Microbates  cinereiventris  magdalenae  CHAPM.  :  This  race,  unknown  to  the 
authors,  is  stated  to  be  similar  to  semitorquatus,  but  paler,  both  above  and  below, 
and  to  have  the  tail  tipped  with  whitish;  tail  and  bill  longer;  no  blown  postocular 
stripe.  Wing  (o")  55;  tail  30;  bill  21%. 


214  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  75  (Munduapo,  R.  Orinoco; 
La  Pricion,  La  Union,  Caura  R.);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  162 
(Oyapoc,  Cayenne). 

Cercomacra  sclateri  (not  of  HELLMAYR)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  380  (Florencia,  R.  Caqueta,  se.  Colombia;  spec,  in  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Cercomacra  cinerascens  immaculata  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  38,  June  1918, 
p.  84  (Supenaam,  Great  Falls  of  Demerara  River,  Brit.  Guiana) ;  idem,  Birds 
Brit.  Gui.,  2,  1921,  p.  45  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Range:  From  southeastern  Colombia  (Florencia,  River  Caqueta; 
Cuembi,  River  Putumayo;  also  in  "Bogota"  collections)  south  through 
eastern  Ecuador  to  the  north  bank  of  the  Maranon,  Peru  (Pebas), 
east  through  southern  Venezuela  (Orinoco-Caura  region)  to  British 
and  French  Guiana." 

*Cercomacra  sclateri  Hellmayr.b   SCLATER'S  ANTBIRD. 

Cercomacra  sclateri  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  1905,  p.  288  (Chyavetas  [type], 
upper  Ucayali,  "Iquitos,"  ne.  Peru;  Igarap6-Assu,  Pard;  Borba,  Salto  do 
Girao,  Rio  Madeira;  Villa  Bella  de  Matto  Grosso,  Brazil),  286  (Igarap6- 
Assii);  idem,  1.  c.,  13,  1906,  p.  370  (S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  Para);  idem,  1.  c.f 
14,  1907,  p.  18  (Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z),  66  (Teff6,  R.  Solimoes);  idem,  1.  c., 
17,  1910,  p.  362  (Calama,  R.  Madeira;  Jamarysinho,  R.  Machados);  MENE- 
GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  41  (Sara- 
yacu,  R.  Ucayali;  "Pebas,"  Peru);  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  214 
(range);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  286  (R.  Guama,  R.  Capim); 

•  I  do  not  see  my  way  of  distinguishing  the  Guiana  birds  (immaculata)  from 
typical  cinerascens  of  Upper  Amazonia.  The  white  interscapular  patch  is  well  pro- 
nounced in  two  from  Munduapo,  Rio  Orinoco,  one  from  "Bogota,"  one  from  Florencia 
(Caqueta);  slightly  indicated  in  one  from  Munduapo,  four  from  Caura,  one  fiom 
Cayenne,  four  from  Ecuador,  one  from  British  Guiana;  altogether  missing  in  three 
from  British  Guiana,  while  there  are  traces  of  white  at  the  extreme  base  of  a  few 
feathers  in  two  from  Bartica  Grove,  one  from  Camacusa,  one  from  Cuembi  (Rio 
Putumayo), one  from  Rio  Napo,  one  from  Pebas,  and  one  from  Caura,  Venezuela. 
The  upper  wing  coverts  are  perfectly  uniform  in  three  from  Munduapo,  four  from 
Caura,  one  from  Cayenne,  one  from  Bartica,  one  from  Napo,  one  from  "Bogota"; 
distinctly,  though  narrowly  edged  with  paler,  in  five  from  Ecuador,  one  from  Florencia, 
one  from  Cuembi,  one  from  "Bogota,"  one  from  Pebas,  one  from  Caura,  three  from 
British  Guiana,  while  another  from  Camacusa  (British  Guiana)  just  shows  faint 
traces  of  light  edgings  to  some  of  the  outermost  greater  coverts.  While  there  is  a 
tendency  in  eastern  birds  to  lose  the  white  dorsal  spot  and  the  pale  edges  to  the 
wing  coverts,  the  difference  is,  in  my  opinion,  not  constant  enough  to  warrant  its 
recognition  in  nomenclature. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Cercomacra  sclateri  HELLMAYR:  Differs  in  the  male  sex  from  C.  cinerascens  by 
having  a  distinct  white  spot  on  the  shoulders  and  the  upper  wing  coverts  black, 
with  abruptly  defined  white  apical  spots  or  margins;  the  general  color,  too,  is  much 
darker  slate  gray,  especially  below,  while  the  rectrices  are  broadly  tipped  with 
white  (from  5  to  9  mm.  in  length).  The  female  differs  by  having  the  bend  of  the 
wing  variegated  with  white  (instead  of  plain  olivaceous  brown)  and  the  wing 
coverts  conspicuously  margined  with  white.  Graduation  of  tail,  20  to  24  mm. 
Examined:  Peru  8,  Rio  Purus  2,  Para  district  2,  Tapaj6z  i,  Teff6  i,  Rio  Madeira  n, 
Villa  Bella  de  Matto  Grosso  i. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  215 

idem,  1.  c.,  56,  1908,  p.  17  (Bom  Lugar,  R.  Punis  [spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.], 
Rio  Guama,  Capim),  512  (Villa  Braga,  Tapaj6z);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 
1914,  p.  308  (Ourem,  R.  Guatnd,  R.  Capim;  Baiao,  Arumatheua,  R.  Tocan- 
tins;  Boim,  Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z;  Rio  Jamauchim;  Rio  Purus);  HELL- 
MAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  92 
(Para  localities). 

Ccrcomacra  cinerascens  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  245 
(part;  R.  Ucayali,  e.  Peru);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866, 
p.  186  (Sarayacu,  e.  Peru);  idem,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  750  (Chyavetas);  idem,  1.  c., 
1873,  p.  275  (part;  Sarayacu,  Chyavetas,  e.  Peru);  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c., 
1882,  p.  31  (Yurimaguas) ;  idem,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  55  (descr.  o71,  9; 
hab.  part,  Chyavetas,  Yurimaguas,  Moyobamba);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  264  (part;  descr.  and  spec,  g-j,  Chyavetas,  upper  Ucay- 
ali, Chamicuros,  e.  Peru;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Cercomacra  caerulescens  (not  Myrmothera  caerulescens  VIEILLOT)  PELZELN,  Orn. 
Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  84  (Borba,  Salto  Girao,  Rio  Madeira;  (Villa  Bella  de) 
Matto  Grosso;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  5,  1893,  p.  121  (Cachoeira,  w.  Matto  Grosso). 

Formicivora  cinerascens  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  1857, 
p.  131  (part;  o71  juv.  ex  Chamicuros). 

Range :  From  the  south  bank"  of  the  Maranon,  northern  Peru,  and 
Rio  Solimoes  (Teffe"),  through  eastern  Peru  and  western  Brazil  south 
to  western  Matto  Grosso  (Villa  Bella,  Cachoeira),  east  to  Maranhao. 

3:   Peru  (Moyobamba  2);  Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  i). 

Cercomacra  brasiliana  Hellmayr.b   SOUTH  BRAZILIAN  ANTBIRD. 

Cercomacra  brasiliana  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  1905,  p.  289  (Rio  de  Janeiro 
[type],  foot  of  Serra  d'Estrella,  Prov.  Rio) ;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull. 
Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  40  (Rio  de  Janeiro;  crit.);  JHERING, 
Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  214  (Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Formicivora  caerulescens  (not  Myrmothera  caerulescens  VIEILLOT)  MENETRIES, 
Mem.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Petersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  499, 
pi.  6,  fig.  i  (cf),  2  ( 9)  (Foot  of  Serra  d'Estella,  Prov.  Rio;  spec,  examined 
bv  C.  E.  H.). 

Ellipura  caerulescens  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  67  (environs 
of  Rio  de  Janeiro;  descr.  d" ,  9). 

•  The  two  localities  "Iquitos"  and  "Pebas,"  situated  on  the  north  bank  of  the 
Maranon,  are  unreliable. 

b  Cercomacra  brasiliana  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  C.  sclateri,  but  with  much  smaller 
bill,  and  much  longer  as  well  as  much  more  graduated  tail  (the  distance  between 
shortest  and  longest  rectrix  being  from  35  to  42  mm.) ;  rectrices  with  narrow  white  (in 
female  buff y)  apical  margins  instead  of  long  white  tips.  General  color  of  male  much 
paler  slate  gray  than  in  C.  sclateri,  but  wing  coverts  similarly  marked;  female  easily 
recognizable  by  having  the  tail  pale  olivaceous  brown  (instead  of  grayish  or  blackish), 
the  under  parts  much  brighter  ochraceous  tawny  (more  like  C.  t.  tyrannina),  and 
the  wing  coverts  uniform  orownish  without  trace  of  white  on  campterium.  Wing 
(five  0*6")  60-62,  (two  9  9)  56^,  58;  tail  75-80;  bill  14-15^.— C.  E.  H. 


2i6  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cercomacra  caerulescens  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  244  (Rio  de  Janeiro; 
descr.  o",  9);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  264  (se.  Brazil). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil  (Prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro). 

*Cercomacra  tyrannina  crepera  Bangs."   DUSKY  TYRANNINE  ANTBIRD. 

Cercomacra  crepera  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  Oct.  1901,  p.  365  (Divala,  w.  Panama; 

type  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Cambridge,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  DEARBORN, 

Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Publ.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  1907,  p.  109  (Los  Amates,  e.  Guate- 

mala). 
Cercomacra  tyrannina  crepera  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  1907,  p.  296  (Boruca,  Paso  Real, 

Pozo  del  Rio  Grande,  Barranca,  sw.  Costa  Rica)  ;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 

Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  612  (Costa  Rica;  crit.  ;  habits)  ;  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist. 

Publ.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  1910,  p.  271  (Guayabo,  Costa  Rica);  RIDGWAY,  Bull. 

U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  95  (monogr.,  synon.;  from  se.  Mexico  to 

w.  Panama). 
Cercomacra  tyrannina  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 

p.  265  (part;  spec,  a-q,  Mexico,  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Costa  Rica,  Chiriqui, 

Veragua);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  214 

(part;  Guatemala  to  Veragua). 

Range:  Southeastern  Mexico,  in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Tabasco  and 
Chiapas,  south  through  Guatemala,  British  Honduras,  Honduras, 
Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica  to  western  Panama  (Chiriqui,  Veragua). 

15:  Guatemala  (Guatemala  2,  Los  Amates  4),  Nicaragua  (San 
Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  4),  Costa  Rica  (Boruca  i,  Buenos  Aires  2, 
Lagarto  i,  Guayabo  i). 

*Cercomacra  tyrannina  rufiventris  (  Lawrence).  b  WESTERN  TYRANNINE 
ANTBIRD. 

Disythamnus  rufiventris  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  8,  1865,  p.  131  (Pan- 
ama Railroad;  =  o*  juv.;  see  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  P- 


•  Cercomacra  tyrannina  crepera  BANGS:  Similar  to  C.  t.  tyrannina,  but  male 
darker,  with  upper  parts  blackish  slate,  under  parts  slate  color  to  blackish  slate; 
female  with  deeper,  more  rufous  brown  edges  to  remiges  and  wing  coverts,  decidedly 
rufous  brown  instead  of  olive  brown  tail,  and  generally  darker,  deep  ochraceous 
tawny  under  parts. 

As  pointed  out  by  R.  Ridgway,  there  exists  a  considerable  amount  of  individual 
variation  in  this  form,  though,  taken  as  a  whole,  Central  American  specimens  of 
both  sexes  average  considerably  darker  than  any  of  the  races  found  from  the  Isthmus 
of  Panama  southwards.  Guatemalan  birds  (four  d"  o",  two  99)  are  fully  as  dark 
or  even  darker  than  the  typical  series  from  Divala,  w.  Panama,  while  others  from 
Nicaragua  and  a  goodly  number  of  Costa  Rican  skins  hardly  differ  from  the  darkest 
extreme  of  typical  tyrannina  from  e.  Colombia.  Fifty-four  specimens  examined 
by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Cercomacra  tyrannina  rufiventris  (LAWRENCE):  Male  exactly  intermediate 
between  C.  t.  crepera  and  C.  t.  tyrannina,  averaging  lighter  slate  gray  than  the  former, 
darker  than  the  latter;  female  indistinguishable  from  C.  t.  tyrannina,  perhaps  slightly 
darker  underneath. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  217 

Cercomacra  tyrannina  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  294 
(Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1864,  p.  356  (Pan- 
ama; crit.);  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1883,  p.  565  (Chimbo); 
idem,  1.  c.,  1885,  p.  68  (Chimbo);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  265  (part;  spec,  r-x,  Panama,  Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador);  SALVIN  and 
GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  214  (part;  Panama,  w.  Ecua- 
dor); SALVADOR:  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  339,  1899,  P-  7 
(Rio  Lara,  Panama);  idem,  1.  c.,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  30  (Rio  Peripa,  w.  Ecua- 
dor); BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  1900,  p.  23  (Loma  del  Leon, 
Panama) ;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 1902,  p.  612  (S.  Javier,  Pambilar,  nw.  Eeua- 
dor);  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  46,  1906,  p.  217  (Sa- 
vanna of  Panama). 

Cercomacra  tyrannina  tyrannina  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  93  (part;  e.  Panama;  w.  Ecuador,  Esmeraldas,  Babahoyo,  Chimbo, 
S.  Javier,  Pambilar,  Rio  Peripa);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  380  (part;  Barbacoas,  sw.  Colombia);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N. 
Sci.  Phila.,  1918,  p.  261  (Gatun,  Panama);  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull. 
Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  1922,  p.  207  (Rio  Esnap6,  Jesusito,  Darien). 

Cercomacra  tyrannina  rufiventris  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1165  (Boca 
de  Calima,  Guineo,  Novitd,  Pueblo  Rico,  w.  Colombia),  1166  (part;  Panama, 
w.  Colombia,  w.  Ecuador,  south  to  Chimbo), 

Cercomacra  tyrannina  pallescens  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  38,  1918,  p.  85 
(Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador). 

Hypocmenis  schistacea  (not  of  SCLATER)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  7, 
1862,  p.  325  (Lion  Hill). 

Range:  From  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  through  western  Colombia 
(Pacific  slope  of  western  Andes)  south  to  Chimbo,  western  Ecuador. 

i:  Ecuador  (Pambilar,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  i). 
*Cercomacra  tyrannina  tyrannina  (Sclater).  TYRANNINE  ANTBIRD. 

Pyriglena  tyrannina  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  July  1855,  p.  90,  pi.  98  (c?1,.  9) 
("Bogota,"  e.  Colombia),  147  (Bogota^. 

In  an  earlier  paper  (P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1165)  this  form  was  united  by 
C.  E.  Hellmayr  to  C.  t.  crepera  of  Central  America,  but  after  examining  an  ample 
series  from  Panama  (type  locality  of  rufiventris)  down  to  Chimbo,  we  fully  concur 
with  F.  M.  Chapman's  view  that  it  is  more  nearly  related  to  tyrannina  of  e.  Col- 
ombia. In  coloration  of  their  plumage,  the  males  vary  between  the  lightest  examples 
of  crepera,  as  represented  in  a  series  from  Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica,  and  the  darkest 
extreme  of  tyrannina;  the  females  agree  with  the  latter  in  olivaceous  (not  rufous) 
brown  tail  and  wings,  but  average  slightly  darker  underneath,  although  the  major- 
ity are  quite  indistinguishable  from  e.  Colombian  specimens.  Birds  (of  both  sexes) 
from  w.  Ecuador  and  Pacific  Colombia  (Barbacoas,  Choc6)  are  no  wise  different 
from  Panama  skins,  hence  pallescens  becomes  a  synonym  of  rufiventris.  It  is  pert 
haps  questionable  if  this  form,  in  view  of  its  intermediate  characters,  is  worthy  of 
recognition,  yet  it  occupies  a  definite  area  and  cannot  well  be  united  to  either  of  its 
allies.  Material  examined  by  C.  E.  H.:  12  Panama,  4  Choc6,  3  Barbacoas,  1 6  Prov. 
Esmeraldas,  i  Manavi,  i  Bucay,  Chimborazo,  i  Naranjo,  Guayas,  3  Chimbo, 
w.  Ecuador. 


2i8  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cercomacra  tyrannina  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  245  (Bogota;  descr. 
cf,  9);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  84  (part;  Marabitanas,  Rio  Vaup6, 
upper  Rio  Negro;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  BER- 
LEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  32,  1884,  p.  308  (Bucaramanga) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  265  (part;  spec,  y-c,  Bogota);  BERLEPSCH  and 
HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  76  (Munduapo,  Bichaco,  upper  Orinoco; 
La  Union,  Suapure,  Caura  R.,»  Venezuela). 

Cercomacra  tyrannina  tyrannina  RIDGWAV,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  93  (part;  Bogota,  Bucaramanga,  Rio  Cauca,  Colombia;  Venezuela;  Rio 
Negro,  Brazil);  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1165  (part;  e.  Colom- 
bia, Venezuela;  upper  Rio  Negro);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  380  (part;  Puerto  Valdivia,  La  Frijolera,  lower  Cauca;  Salen- 
cio,  Miraflores,  upper  Cauca;  Honda,  R.  Magdalena;  Buena  Vista,  Villa- 
vicencio,  e.  Colombia);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916, 
p.  287  (just  below  the  Falls  of  Atures  and  beyond,  R.  Orinoco;  Caura*). 

Range:  Central  and  eastern  Colombia,  in  the  valleys  of  the  Cauca 
and  Magdalena  rivers  (states  of  Antioquia,  Cauca,  Santander,  Boyaca, 
Tolima,  Cundinamarca),  and  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  eastern  Andes 
(Buena  Vista,  above  Villavicencio) ;  northwestern  Brazil,  on  the  upper 
Rio  Negro  (Marabitanas,  Rio  Vaupe");  southern  Venezuela,  on  the 
upper  Orinoco  (Munduapo,  Bichaco),  and  according  to  Hartert  also 
on  the  Caura  River.6 

2:   Colombia  (Buenavista  above  Villavicencio  2). 

*Cercomacra    tyrannina    saturatior     Chubb.*     GUIANA    TYRANNINE 
ANTBIRD. 

Cercomacra  tyrannina  saturatior  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  38,  1918,  p.  85 
(Ituribisci  River,  Brit.  Guiana);  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  46 
(numerous  localities  in  British  Guiana). 

*  According  to  E.  Hartert  (in  litt.),  Caura  specimens  (which  we  have  not  seen) 
agree  with  "Bogota"  skins. 

b  Birds  from  Buenavista  (above  Villavicencio),  base  of  e.  Andes,  Colombia, 
agree  with  "Bogota"  skins  and  no  doubt  represent  typical  tyrannina.  A  fine  series 
from  El  Tambor,  on  the  Rio  Lebrija,  an  affluent  of  the  Rio  Magdalena,  State  of 
Santander,  for  the  loan  of  which  I  am  indebted  to  the  Carnegie  Museum,  do  not 
deviate  in  any  respect.  Specimens  from  the  lower  Cauca  (Puerto  Valdivia)  as  wel 
as  others  from  the  State  of  Boyaca  (Palmar)  are  not  different  either.  Three  males  and 
one  female  from  Munduapo,  upper  Orinoco,  I  am  likewise  unable  to  separate  from 
"Bogota"  skins,  while  thiee  birds  from  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro,  also  appear  to 
belong  to  tyrannina,  although  the  female  (Vienna  Museum,  No.  15,357)  has  the  under 
parts  nearly  as  deep  ochraceous  tawny  as  crepera.  A  female  from  Salencio,  Novita 
Trail,  e.  slope  of  w.  Andes,  and  another  from  La  Frijolera,  lower  Cauca,  differ  from 
all  others  by  having  the  pileum  and  hindneck  grayish,  more  or  less  contrasting  with 
the  olivaceous  brown  back.  Mateiial  examined:  9  "Bogota,"  7  Buenavista  above 
Villavicencio,  7  Palmar,  Boyaca,  12  El  Tambor,  Santander,  i  Honda,  3  Puerto 
Valdivia,  i  La  Frijolera,  lower  Cauca,  i  Salencio,  Colombia;  4  Munduapo,  Rio 
Orinoco;  3  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro.  Wing  (c?)  64-68,  (9)  59-66;  tail  59-67,  (9) 
55-64;  bill  16-17.— C.  E.  H. 

•  Cercomacra  tyrannina  saturatior  CHUBB:     Male  easily  distinguishable  from 
C.  t.  tyrannina  by  much  darker,  sooty  or  blackish  slate  coloration,  without  any 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  219 

Cercomacra  tyrannina  (not  of  SCLATER)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  427  (Bartica  Grove, 
Camacusa,  Roraima);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  265  (part; 
spec.  cP-p1,  Roraima,  Camacusa,  Bartica,  Takutu  River);  BEEBE,  Tropical 
Wild  Life,  i,  1917,  p.  132  (Bartica  Grove). 

Range:   British  Guiana. 

a:   British  Guiana  (Mazaruni  River  2). 

*Cercomacra  tyrannina  laeta  Todd*   LOWER  AMAZONIAN  TYRANNINE 
ANTBIRD. 

Cercomacra  tyrannina  laeta  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  33,  Dec.  1920,  p.  73 
(Benevides,  Pard  district). 

Cercomacra  tyrannina  (not  of  SCLATER)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  84 
(part;  "Rio  Negro"  [  =  Manaos],  Para;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.);  LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  387  (Para);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15, 1890,  p.26s  (part;  spec. t'-v', "Rio  Negro"  (  =  Manaos),Para);  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  12,  1905,  p.  286  (Igarap6-Assu) ;  idem,  1.  c.,  13,  1906,  p.  370  (San 
Antonio  do  Prata);  idem,  1.  c.,  14,  1907,  p.  32  (Obidos);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ. 
Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  286  (Para,  S.  Antonio);  idem,  1.  c.,  61,  1913,  p.  529  in 
text  (Far6,  Para;  ecology);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  308  (Para, 
Providencia,  Ananindeuba,  Santa  Isabel,  Peixe-Boi,  Quati-puru,  S.  Antonio 
do  Prata,  Para  district;  Santa  Maria  do  S.  Miguel,  Ourem,  Rio  Guama; 
Mazagao,  Baiao,  R.  Tocantins;  S.  Antonio  da  Cachoeira,  Rio  Jary;  Monte 
Alegre,  Rio  Maecuru,  Obidos;  Far6,  Rio  Jamunda). 

Cercomacra  tyrannina  tyrannina  (err.)  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  47  (Peixe-Boi,  Ipitinga),  93  (Para  local- 
ities). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  Maranhao,  Para  district  (east  of  the 
Tocantins)  and  on  the  north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon,  from  the 
Rio  Jary  west  to  Itacoatiard  and  Mandos,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Rio 
Negro. b 

5:   Brazil  (Itacoatiara  i,  Tury-assu,  Maranhao  4). 

trace  of  olivaceous  on  wings  and  tail,  and  with  much  less  olive  suffusion  on  upper 
tail  coverts;  female  slightly  duller,  more  grayish  olive  on  upper  parts.  Wing  (five 
o"d")  63-65,  (five  9  9)  58-60;  tail  58-60;  bill  16-17^. 

The  male  approaches  C.  t.  crepera  in  its  blackish  slate  coloration,  but  has  the 
flanks  much  less  extensively  as  well  as  duller  brown.  The  females  are  not  certainly 
distinguishable,  the  under  parts  being  by  no  means  always  deeper  tawny  ochraceous 
as  claimed  by  C.  Chubb.  In  the  majority,  however,  the  dorsal  surface  is  of  a  rather 
duller,  more  grayish  olive  tinge. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Cercomacra  tyrannina  laeta  TODD:  Male  exactly  similar  to  C.  t.  tyrannina  so 
far  as  coloration  is  concerned,  but  considerably  smaller,  with  weaker,  shorter  bill; 
female,  in  addition  to  smaller  size,  differs  by  the  buffy  frontal  edge  being  barely  indi- 
cated, the  sides  of  the  head  paler  buff,  with  more  brownish  suffusion  on  auriculars, 
and  by  lighter  ochraceous  under  parts.  Wing  (twelve  <fcf)  59-63,  (ten  9  9)58-62; 
tail  52-57,  once  59,  (  9)  48-56;  bill  15-16^-— C.  E.  H. 

b  Birds  from  the  north  bank  (Obidos,  Itacoatiara,  Manaos)  are  identical  in 
coloration,  but  average  slightly  larger.  Wing  (three  0*0")  61-63,  (one  9)  63;  tail 
59-63;  bill  16-17.— C.  E.  H. 


220  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cercomacra  nigrescens  nigrescens  (Cabanis  and  Heine).*    GUIANA 
BLACKISH  ANTBIRD. 

Percnostola  nigrescens  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  July  1859,  p.  10 

(Cayenne;  type  in  coll.  Heine,  now  in  Halberstadt  Museum,  examined  by 

C.  E.  H.;  =c?  ad.). 
Cercomacra  nigrescens  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  161  (Rio  Approuague, 

French  Guiana),  320  (Saint-Jean-du-Maroni) ;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull. 

Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  1918,  p.  68  (Paramaribo). 
Cercomacra  nigrescens  nigrescens  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,   1907,  p.   18,  in 

text  (Cayenne,  Surinam;  diag.  o",   9). 
Pyriglena  serva  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  271 

(part;  spec,  i,  Cayenne,  in  Brit.  Mus.,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat. 

Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  185  (part;  spec,  c,  9,  Cayenne). 

Range:  French  and  Dutch  Guiana.b 

*Cercomacra  nigrescens  approximans  Pelzeln.*  AMAZONIAN  BLACKISH 
ANTBIRD. 

Cercomacra  approximans  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  85,  158  (Engenho 
do  Gama  and  [Villa  Bella  de]  Matto  Grosso,  w.  Matto  Grosso;  spec,  in 
Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  zoo  (Mapoto,  Machay,  e.  Ecuador;  spec,  in  Ber- 
lepsch  Coll.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  266  (Engenho  do  Gama;  Mapoto);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1896,  p.  383  (Garita  del  Sol,  Vitoc,  Peru;  spec,  in  Berlepsch  Coll.  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris, 
(9th  sen),  8,  1906,  p.  41  (Pebas,  ne.  Peru;  descr.  9);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ. 

•  Cercomacra  nigrescens  nigrescens  (CAB.  and  HEINE)  :    Male  not  unlike  the  dark 
races  of  the  C.  tyrannina  group  (crepera,  saturatior),  but  general  coloration  even 
darker,  slaty  blackish,  and  white  markings  on  upper  wing  coverts  either  entirely 
absent  or  but  faintly  indicated  on  some  of  the  larger  series;  female  much  darker 
tawny  beneath,  and  with  anterior  portion  of  crown  (as  far  back  as  posterior  angle  of 
the  eyes,  at  least)  and  entire  sides  of  head  likewise  deep  tawny.    Wing  (twelve  o*  o") 
67-72,  (nine  99)  65-69;  tail  61-69;  bill  17-19. 

b  The  birds  from  Far6  (Rio  Jamunda),  north  bank  of  lower  Amazon,  recorded 
by  Snethlage  s.n.  C.  approximans,  are  probably  also  referable  to  C.  n.  nigrescens. 

•  Cercomacra  nigrescens  approximans  PELZELN:   Male  differs  from  the  typical  race 
in  lighter  slaty  coloration,  especially  below,  and  by  having  distinct  white  edging 
to  the  upper  wing  coverts;  female  only  distinguishable  by  more  brownish  (less  slaty 
olive)  back,  less  blackish  tail,  and  more  distinct  cinnamomeous  edges  to  the  wing 
coverts;  besides,  the  bill  is  decidedly  narrower.     Wing  (d1)  65-70,  (9)  67-68;  tail 
58-64;  bill  1 6- 1 8. 

The  relationship  of  the  forms  of  nigrescens  to  the  tyrannina  group  is  very  puzzling. 
The  close  similarity  of  approximans  in  the  male  sex  suggests  conspecific  affinity  and, 
indeed,  the  two  groups  replace  each  other  geographically  throughout  the  greater 
part  of  their  ranges.  Representatives  of  nigrescens  only  are  found  in  e.  Ecuador, 
Peru,  French  and  Dutch  Guiana,  as  also  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Brazilian  Ama- 
zon west  of  the  Tapaj6z,  while  British  Guiana,  Venezuela,  Colombia,  w.  Ecuador 
and  the  Pard  district  (east  of  the  Tocantins)  are  solely  occupied  by  races  ottyrannina. 
Yet,  according  to  E.  Snethlage,  C.  t.  laeta  and  a  form  of  nigrescens  live  side  by  side 
at  Far6,  lower  Rio  Jamunda,  and  this  fact  induces  me,  though  somewhat  hesi- 
tatingly, to  separate  the  two  groups  specifically. — C.  E.  H. 


IQ24-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  221 

Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  17  (Monte  Verde,  Rio  Purus);  idem,  1.  c.,  61,  1913, 
p.  529  (ecology);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  309  (I.  Bocca  do  Mana- 
piri,  R.  Tocantins;  Boim,  Tapaj6z;  Monte  Verde,  R.  Punis;  (?)  Far6,  Rio 
Jamunda);  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  i,  No.  20,  Dec.  1910,  p.  322 
(Tocache,  Rio  Huallaga,  Peru). 

Cercomacra  nigrescens  approximans  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  18 
(Itaituba,  R.  Tapaj<5z;  range,  crit.),  372  (Borba,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  1.  c., 
17,  1910,  p.  362  (Calama,  Allianca,  R.  Madeira;  S.  Isabel,  Rio  Preto). 

Cercomacra  tyrannina  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874, 
p.  530  (Ropaybamba,  Peru);  idem,  1.  c.,  1882,  p.  31  (Huambo,  Chirimoto, 
n.  Peru;  one  9  examined  by  C.  E.  H.) ;  idem,  Orn.  P£rou,  2,  1884,  p.  54  (Ropay- 
bamba, Chirimoto,  Huambo;  descr.  cf,  9);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  95  (Mapiri,  Reyes,  n.  Bolivia). 

Pyriglena  serva  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  271 
(part;  descr.  of  9,  and  spec,  c,  Rio  Napo;  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Eastern  Ecuador  (Mapoto,  Machay;  El  Topo,  Rio  Pas- 
taza);  eastern  Peru  (in  depts.  Amazonas,  Loreto,  Huanuco,  Junin); 
northern  Bolivia  (Rio  Beni);  northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon, 
from  the  Tocantins  westwards,  south  to  western  Matto  Grosso  (Rio 
Guapore*).* 

9:  Peru  (Poco  Tambo  i,  Chinchao  i,  Vista  Alegre  5,  La  Merced  2). 

*Cercomacra  serva  (Sdater).b  BLACK  ANTBIRD. 

Pyriglena  serva  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  66  (Rio  Napo  (types), 
Quixos,  e.  Ecuador;  type  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr.  d1 ,  9), 
247  (Rio  Napo);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  185  (part;  spec,  a,  b, 
types,  ex  Rio  Napo);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  186  (lower 
and  upper  Ucayali);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  275  (Nauta,  Ucayali,  Chamicuros, 
e.  Peru);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  56  (descr.  d"  ex  Rio  Napo, 
9  ex  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador,  in  Coll.  Berlepsch,  examined  by  C.  E.  H. ;  Nauta, 
Ucayali,  Chamicuros);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1899,  p.  96 

•  This  race  probably  requires  subdivision.  Birds  from  the  Tapaj6z  and  Rio 
Madeira  are  identical  with  the  typical  series  from  Matto  Grosso.  Males  from  various 
parts  of  Peru  are  darker,  more  blackish  slate,  females  brighter,  russet  rather  than  oliva- 
ceous brown  above,  with  deeper  brown  tail.  Two  males  from  Ecuador  (Mapoto  and 
El  Topo,  Rio  Pastaza)  are  decidedly  lighter  slate  gray  underneath  (approaching  tyran- 
nina) and  have  the  flanks  as  well  as  the  rump  conspicuously  washed  with  brownish, 
while  the  single  female  (from  Machay)  closely  resembles  Brazilian  examples. 
Material  examined:  5  d"o",  5  9  9  w.  Matto  Grosso,  3  o"d",  3  99  Rio  Madeira, 

1  cf,  i    9  Rio  Tapaj6z,  3   cT'cf,  5    99  Pebas,  i    9  Nauta,  i   c?  Pozuzo,  2  o"d", 
399  Vista  Alegre,  i    9  Chinchao,  i  c?1  Garita  del  Sol,  i  d",  2  9  9  Guayabamba, 

2  d"o*,  i   9  eastern  Ecuador. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Cercomacra  serva  (SCLATER):  Male  similar  to  C.  n.  approximans  PELZ.,  but 
general  coloration  more  blackish  slate,  with  throat  and  foreneck  dull  black  instead 
of  slate  gray;  female  easily  recognizable  by  lacking  the  broad  tawny  frontal  band  and 
superciliary  stripe,  only  the  lores,  nasal  plumes  and  a  narrow  streak  above  the  eye 
being  ochraceous  or  dull  ferruginous;  by  having  the  crown  and  back  grayish  oliva- 
ceous, much  less  brownish,  and  the  edges  to  the  upper  wing  coverts  less  pronounced. 
Examined:  4  o*  d\  3  99  Ecuador,  6  d*  d*  ad.,  4  c?  o"  juv.,  10  9  9  Peru. — C.  E.  H. 


222  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

(lower  Beni,  n.  Bolivia);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  271 
(part;  descr.  of  o"  only,  spec,  a,  b,  d-g,  Napo,  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  Pebas, 
ne.  Peru;  spec,  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Cercomacra  serva  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899, 
p.  30  (Zamora,  e.  Ecuador);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom. 
Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  42  (Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador);  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  1906,  p.  117  (Huaynapata,  Marcapata,  se.  Peru); 
HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  103  (Yahuarmayo,  Rio 
San  Gaban,  n.  Puno,  se.  Peru;  crit.). 

Cercomacra  hypomelaena  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  268  (Cosni- 
pata,  se.  Peru;  type  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  343  (crit.;  e.  Ecuador;  Cosnipata,  Pozuzo,  Peru). 

Cercomacra  tyranina  atrogularis  LLETGET,  Bol.  Soc.  Esp.  Hist.  Nat.,  18,  1918, 
p.  341  (Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador;  descr.  o"). 

Cercomacra  tyrannina  approximans  (not  of  PELZELN)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Mus.,  117,  1921,  p.  80  (Rio  San  Miguel,  Urubamba  Valley). 

Range:  From  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu,  Zamora) 
through  eastern  Peru  (depts.  Loreto,  Huanuco,  Junin,  Cuzco)  to 
southeastern  Peru  (north  side  of  Sierra  of  Carabaya,  northern  Puno) 
and  northern  Bolivia  (Beni  River). 

2:   Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez,  Rio  Pichis  2). 

*Cercomacra  nigricans  Sclater.   BLACK  TYRANNINE  ANTBIRD. 

Cercomacra  nigricans  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  Nov.  1858,  p.  245  (Santa 
Marta  [type],  "Bogota,"  Colombia;  type  in  British  Museum  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.;  =  d"  imm.);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  184  (Santa  Marta; 
Bogota;  Babahoyo,  w.  Ecuador);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 
p.  526  (Remedies,  Antioquia;  nest  and  eggs  descr.);  BERLEPSCH,  Journ. 
Ornith.,  32,  1884,  p.  308  (Bucaramanga,  crit.);  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  loo  (Yaguachi,  near  Guayaquil,  sw.  Ecuador) ;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  267  (Paraiso  Station,  Panama;  Santa  Marta, 
Remedies,  Bucaramanga,  Bogota,  Balzar,  Santa  Rita,  Babahoyo,  Esmeral- 
das,  w.  Ecuador;  descr.  o"  imm.,  9);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  215  (Lion  Hill,  Paraiso,  Panama;  Ecuador,  Ven- 
ezuela, "Trinidad");  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  76 
(Altagracia,  R.  Orinoco,  Venezuela;  crit.);  HARTERT,  1.  c.,  p.  612  (PambiUr, 
nw.  Ecuador);  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  46,  1905,  p.  150 
(San  Miguel  Isl.);  idem,  1.  c.,  46,  1906,  p.  217  (Savannah  of  Panama);  HELL- 
MAYR, P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1 1 66  (mouth  of  Calima,  Rio  San  Juan,  Choc6) ; 
RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  91  (monogr.;  e.  Panama, 
Colombia,  w.  Ecuador,  Venezuela;  "Trinidad");  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  381  (Cali,  Rio  Frio,  Cauca;  Algodonal,  Banco, 
Nare,  Puerto  Berrio,  Malena,  Honda,  Chicoral,  Magdalena  R. ;  Buena  Vista, 
Villavicencio,  e.  Colombia;  descr.  o",  9  ad.,  juv.);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl. 
Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  287  (abundant  at  Las  Barrancas,  in  the  delta 
region,  less  so  up  to  mouth  of  R.  Apure,  Orinoco  R.);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  223 

Sci.  Phila.,  70,  1918,  p.  260  (Colon,  Toro  Point,  Panama);  TODD  and  CAR- 
RIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922,  p.  304  (Tucurinca,  Fundaci6n,  Santa 
Marta  district). 

Pyriglena  maculicaudis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  Nov.  1858,  p.  247  ("Trini- 
dad," errore!  the  type,  examined  in  British  Museum  by  C.  E.  H.,  looks  like 
the  skins  imported  from  n.  Colombia;  =  o"  ad.);  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  N. 
Hist.,  7,  1862,  p.  325  (Lion  Hill,  Panama);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1864,  p.  356  (Lion  Hill;  crit.). 

Cercomacra  maculicaudis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  268  (Paraiso 
Station,  Panama;  "Bogota";  "Trinidad");  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898, 
p.  492  (Chimbo);  HELLMAYR,  1.  c.,  13,  1906,  p.  59  (occurrence  in  Trinidad 
denied);  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  1900,  p.  24  (Loma  del  Leon, 
Panama);  idem,  Auk,  18,  1901,  p.  30  (S.  Miguel  Isl.). 

Cercomacra  maculosa  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  279  (Babahoyo,  w.  Ecua- 
dor; descr.  9),  294  (Esmeraldas) ;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  184 
(Babahoyo). 

Range:  Eastern  Panama,  including  San  Miguel  Island;  Colombia 
(Santa  Marta  district;  Pacific  coast,  Cauca  and  Magdalena  valleys, 
east  slope  of  eastern  Andes);  Venezuela  (only  in  the  Orinoco  Valley 
down  to  Las  Barrancas) ;  western  Ecuador,  as  far  south  as  Chimbo. a 

6:  Colombia  (Bogota  2,  Malena  i,  Rio  Frio  i);  western  Ecuador 
(Pambilar,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  i,  Chimbo  i). 

Cercomacra  carbonaria  Sclater  and  Salvin.b  Rio  BRANCO  ANTBIRD. 

Cercomacra  carbonaria  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  1873, 
p.  73,  161  (Rio  Branco,  n.  Brazil);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  267  (Rio  Branco;  descr.  o",  9);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  215 
(part;  Rio  Branco);  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1166,  in  text  (char- 
acters). 

Cercomacra  nigricans  (not  of  SCLATER)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  85 
(Forte  do  Sao  Joaquim,  Rio  Branco;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Only  known  from  Forte  do  Sao  Joaquim,  on  the  upper 
Rio  Branco,  in  northern  Brazil,  on  the  confines  of  British  Guiana. 

•  Specimens  from  w.  Ecuador  appear  to  be  identical  with  those  from  Colombia 
and  Panama.  Two  males  from  Altagracia,  Rip  Orinoco,  are  not  different  either, 
showing  no  approach  to  C.  carbonaria,  of  the  Rio  Branco  region. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Cercomacra  carbonaria  SCL.  and  SALV.  :  Male  differs  from  C.  nigricans  in  having 
the  upper  parts  sooty  gray  (instead  of  glossy  black);  the  throat  and  breast  much 
duller  black,  shading  into  sooty  gray  on  the  flanks;  in  the  shorter  white  tips  of  the 
rectrices,  and  in  possessing  distinct,  though  narrow,  white  apical  edges  to  the  second- 
aries; female  very  different,  having  the  throat,  foreneck  and  malar  region  pure  white, 
with  numerous,  irregular  dark  gray  freckles:  the  chest  and  sides  bright  ochraceous, 
passing  into  buffy  white  along  middle  of  abdomen;  the  under  tail  coverts  buffy  gray, 
edged  with  whitish;  the  upper  parts  light  smoke  gray,  faintly  tinged  with  olive. 
Besides,  the  bill  in  C.  carbonaria  is  much  nartower  and  somewhat  shorter.  Wing 
(8  <?  c?  ad.)  66-68,  (399)  63-64;  tail  (rf)  ?o-74,  (  9 )  67-70;  bill  15-16^.— C.  E.  H. 


224  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cercomacra  melanaria  (Mtnttrtis).   MATTO  GROSSO  BLACK  ANTBIRD. 

Formicivora  melanaria  MENETRIES,  Mem.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P€tersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3, 
Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  500,  pi.  9,  fig.  2  (=cf  ad.)  ("Minas  Geraes," 
locality  unquestionably  erroneous,  we  suggest  Cuyaba,  Matto  Grosso;  types 
in  Petrograd  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr.  d",  9);  CHROSTOWSKI, 
Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  1921,  p.  23  (notes  on  types);  REINHARDT, 
Vidensk.  Meddel.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  365  ("Minas  Geraes,"  ex 

MENETRIES). 

Ellipura  melanaria  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  68  (ex 
MENETRIES). 

Cercomacra  melanaria  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  85  (Cuyabd,  Villa  Maria 
(  =  San  Luis  de  Caceres),  Matto  Grosso;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  13,  1890,  p.  268  (Cuyaba) ;  MENE- 
GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  42  (Rio 
Paraguay,  sw.  Matto  Grosso);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  215 
(range) ;  GRANT,  Ibis,  191 1,  p.  136  (Albuquerque, Rabicho,  Boca  de  Homiguera, 
upper  Paraguay,  near  Corumba,  sw.  Matto  Grosso) ;  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc. 
d'Orn.,  96,  1917,  p.  55  (Pocon6,  Caceres,  Matto  Grosso). 

Range:  Central  Brazil,  in  southwestern  portion  of  Matto  Grosso, 
on  the  upper  Paraguay  (Albuquerque,  Rabicho,  Boca  de  Homiguera, 
near  Corumbd;  Cambard,  near  Descalvados;  San  Luis  de  Caceres) 
and  its  affluent  the  Rio  Cuyaba  (Pocone",  Cuyaba). » 

SIPIA  Hellmayr,  genus  nov.b 

*Sipia  berlepschi  (Hartert).0  BERLEPSCH'S  ANTBIRD. 

Pyriglena  berlepschi  HARTERT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  7,  1898,  p.  29  (Cachavi, 
Prov.  Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador;  type  in  Tring  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H. ; 
=  o"  ad.);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  493  (Cachavi). 

•  This  species  appears  to  be  restricted  to  the  swampy  districts  of  w.  Matto 
Grosso.  It  is  allied  to  C.  nigricans,  to  which  the  male  bears  a  certain  resemblance,  but 
has  a  longer  tail  with  much  shorter  white  ends,  and  much  narrower  white  edges  to 
the  upper  wing  coverts.  The  female,  of  course,  is  quite  different,  having  the  under 
parts  light  cinereous,  freckled  with  white  on  throat  and  middle  of  belly.  Six  males, 
four  females  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Sipia  HELLMAYR,  genus  nov. 

Nearest  to  Cercomacra,  but  tail  very  much  shorter  (two-thirds  as  long  as,  instead 
of  being  equal  to,  or  even  longer  than,  the  wing)  and  much  less  graduated  (the  outer 
most  rectrix  falling  short  of  the  penultimate  one  by  only  four  millimetres);  icctrices 
decidedly  narrower;  tarsus  much  longer  and  stronger. 

Type:   Pyriglena  berlepschi  HARTERT. 

0  Sipia  berlepschi  (HARTERT)  :  Male  uniform  deep  black,  except  a  large  concealed 
white  interscapular  patch;  female  rather  duller  black,  the  abdomen  slate  blackish; 
throat,  foreneck,  middle  of  breast,  as  well  as  lesser  and  median  upper  wing  coverts 
with  very  distinct,  though  sometimes  slight,  white  apical  spots  or  edges;  white 
interscapular  patch  smaller.  Wing  (7  cf  c?  ad.)  67-69,  (699)  64-68;  tail  43-47^ 
(<?)  41-46;  tarsus,  25-27;  bill  19-20  (9)  18-19. — C.  E.  H. 


1 92 4.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  225 

Thamnophilus  cachabiensis  HARTERT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  7,  1898,  p.  29  (Cachavi, 
nw.  Ecuador;  type  in  Tring  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =  9  ad.); 
idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  491  (Cachavi). 

Cercomacra  berlepschi  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  612  (Cachavi,  Caron- 
delet,  San  Javier,  Bulun,  Ventana,  nw.  Ecuador;  crit.);  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1911,  p.  1167  (S.  Joaquim,  Sipi,  Choc6,  w.  Colombia);  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  381  (Bagado,  near  the  sources  of 
the  Atrato  River;  Baudo,  Novita,  S.  Jos6,  Barbacoas,  Buena  Vista  (Narifio), 
Pacific  coast  of  Colombia). 

Range:    Pacific  coast  of  Colombia  (from  the  sources  of  the  Atrato 
River  southwards)  and  northwestern  Ecuador  (Prov.  Esmeraldas). 
i:   Ecuador  (Rio  Cayapas  i). 

Sipia  rosenbergi  (Harteri).*  ROSENBERG'S  ANTBIRD. 

Cercomacra  rosenbergi  HARTERT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  7,  1898,  p.  29  (Cachavi, 
Prov.  Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador;  type  in  Tring  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H. ; 
descr.  o71);  idem.  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  492  (Cachavi). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  western  Colombia  (San  Jose",  Choco)  and 
northwestern  Ecuador,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  (Cachavi,  500  feet,  Lita 
3,000  feet). 

Genus  PYRIGLENA  Cabanis. 

Pyriglena  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  211  (type  by  subs,  desig., 
Gray,  1855,  "Myiothera  domicilla  MAX"  =  Turdus  leucopterus  VIEILLOT). 

*Pyriglena  leucoptera  (  Vieillot}.   WHITE-WINGED  FIRE-EYE. 

Turdus  leucopterus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  fid.,  20,  1818, 
p.  272  ("Bresil";  the  types  examined  by  C.  E.  H.  in  Paris  Museum  were 
obtained  by  Delalande,  Jr.,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Lanius  domicetta  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  47  (Bahia). 

•  Sipia  rosenbergi  (HARTERT)  :  Male  above  dark  slate  gray,  with  an  extensive  white 
interscapular  blotch;  wings  and  tail  slate  black;  upper  wing  coverts  each  with  a  well- 
defined,  rounded,  large  white  apical  spot;  feathers  on  bend  of  wing  black,  with  a 
broad  mesial  streak  of  white;  sides  of  head  and  under  parts  scarcely  lighter  slate 
gray  than  the  back;  no  trace  of  pale  quill  lining.  Wing  (four  o*  d")  66-69;  tail  45-51 ; 
tars.,  27;  bill  18^-19. 

This  species  differs  from  the  genotype  in  slightly  slenderer  tarsus  and  in  the  bill 
being  conspicuously  narrower  and  more  strongly  compressed  in  its  terminal  portion. 
In  coloration  it  is  not  unlike  C.  n.  nigrescens,  but  in  addition  to  the  structural  char- 
acters it  may  immediately  be  recognized  by  the  large  roundish  white  spots  on  the 
upper  wing  coverts,  the  lesser  extent  of  white  on  the  campterium,  and  by  lacking 
the  pale  margin  along  the  inner  web  of  the  rectrices. 

Besides  the  type  (from  Cachavi)  in  the  Tring  Museum,  I  have  examined  a 
second  adult  male  secured  by  G.  Flemming  at  Lita,  alt.  3,000  feet,  on  Sept.  10,  1899, 
in  Mr.  W.  F.  H.  Rosenberg's  possession,  and  two  males  (in  first  annual  plumage) 
from  Choc6,  w.  Colombia,  in  the  collection  of  the  American  Museum  of  Nat.  Hist. 
One,  No.  107,649,  was  obtained  by  W.  B.  Richardson,  at  San  Jose,  alt.  200  feet, 
November  27,  1900;  the  other,  No.  123345,  by  Mrs.  E.  L.  Kerr  (locality  and  date  of 
capture  not  specified).  The  female  of  S.  rosenbergi  is  yet  unknown. — C.  E.  H. 


226  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Drymophila  trifasciata  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  No.  6,  July  1825,  p.  152 
(S.  Brazil);  idem,  Zool.  Illus.,  (2nd  ser.),  i,  1829,  text  to  pi.  27  (inscribed 
"M.  bicincta")  ("Forests  of  Pitangua,  Bahia"). 

Thamnophilus  pallwtus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN,  1823)  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  2,  1839, 
p.  104  (descr.  o";  "Bresil"). 

Myrmeciza  melanura  STRICKLAND,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  1844,  p.  417  (local- 
ity unknown:  =  9  ;  see  SALVIN,  Cat.  Strickl.  Coll.,  1882,  p.  349-50). 

Lanius  notodelos  (Cuvier  Ms.)  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855, 
p.  326  (descr.  cf,  9  ;  types  from  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil,  coll.  by  Dela- 
lande,  Jr.,  examined  in  Paris  Museum). 

Myiothera  domicella  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1058  (e.  Brazil). 

Formicivora  domicella  MENETRIES,  M£m.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Petersb.,  (6th  ser.), 
Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  503,  pi.  7,  figs,  i  (o"),  2(9)  (Brazil). 

Pyriglena  domicella  BURMEISTER,  System.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  59  (descr. 
cf,  9  ;  Brazil);  EULER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1867,  p.  401  (biol.). 

Pyriglena  leucoptera  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  246  (monogr.) ;  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  85  (Rio  de  Janeiro,  Registo  do  Sai;  Mattodentro, 
Ypanema,  S.  Paulo);  idem,  Nunquam  otiosus,  2,  1874,  p.  291  (Novo  Fri- 
burgo);  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1873,  p.  254  (Blumenau,  Santa  Cath- 
arina);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.  Kjobenh.,  1870, 
p.  363  (Lagoa  Santa,  Minas);  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1874,  p.  85  (Canta- 
gallo,  Rio);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  269  (se.  Brazil:  Bahia, 
Rio,  S.  Pauloa);  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming  Bird,  2,  1892, 
p.  44  (Porto  Real,  Rio);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  244  (S.  Paulo 
localities);  EULER,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  1900,  p.  65  (nest  and  eggs  descr.); 
JHERING,  1.  c.,  p.  158  (Cantagallo,  Novo  Friburgo);  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz., 
i,  1907,  p.  215  (S.  Paulo:  Ypiranga,  Piracicaba,  S.  Jos6  de  Rio  Pardo,  IguapS, 
S.  Sebastiao,  Itarar£,  Ubatuba) ;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc. 
Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  35  (crit.,  types  of  species);  MENEGAUX, 
Rev.  Franc.  d'Ornith.,  114,  1918,  p.  318  (Villa  Lutetia,  near  San  Ignacio, 
Misiones);  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  1914,  p.  51  (Puerto  Bertoni;  Iguassu); 
HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  No.  2,  1915,  p.  148  (Victoria,  Esp. 
Santo);  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  1914,  p.  328  (Iguazu,  Misiones); 
idem,  El  Hornero,  i,  1919,  p.  264  (Santa  Ana,  Porto  Segundo,  Misiones); 
LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12,  (2),  1920,  p.  99  (Ilheos  to  Belmonte,  s.  Bahia). 

Pyriglena  lencoptera  (err.  typ.)  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayer.  Akad.  Wiss,,  22, 
No.  3,  1906,  p.  621  (descr.  d",  9  ;  s.  Brazil,  from  Bahia  to  Santa  Catharina). 

Thamnophilus  leuconotus  (not  of  SPIX,  1825)  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  1901, 
p.  134  (descr.  d\  9  ;  Alto  Parana,  Paraguay). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  southern  Bahia  and  Minas 
Geraes  (Lagoa  Santa,  Rio  Jordao  near  Araguary)  to  Santa  Catharina, 
and  adjoining  portions  of  Paraguay  (Alto  Parana),  and  Argentina 
(Misiones). b 

11  The  locality  "Pelotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul"  is  unquestionably  erroneous,  while 
Rio  Claro,  "Goyaz",  refers  to  the  city  of  that  name  in  the  State  of  Sao  Paulo! 

b  Two  males  from  Bahia  and  Minas  Geraes  (Rio  Jordao)  in  the  Tring  Museum 
agree  perfectly  with  more  southern  examples. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  227 

10 :  Brazil  (Bahia  i,  Sao  Sebastiao  i,  Victoria  3,  Faz.  Cayoa,  Rio 
Paranapanema,  S.  Paulo  5). 

*Pyriglena  atra  (Swainsori)  .•   SWAINSON'S  FIRE -EYE. 

Drymophila  atra  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  No.  6,  July  1825,  p.  153  (Pitangua, 

Est.  Bahia,  e.  Brazil;  descr.  o*  ad.). 
Formicivora  atra  MENETRIES,  Mem.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  PStersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3,  Part  2 

(Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  505  (ex  SWAINSON). 
Pyriglena  atra  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  60  (Bahia;  descr. 

d");  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Akad.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  622 

(Bahia;  crit.;  descr.   o",    9);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i, 

1907.  P-  215  (Bahia). 

Range:   Eastern  Brazil  (Province  of  Bahia). 
2:  Bahia  (i),  S.  Amaro,  near  Bahia  (i). 

*Pyriglena  leuconota  leuconota  (Spix).*>  SPIX'S  FIRE-EYE. 

Myothera  leuconota  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i,  1824,  p.  72,  pi.  72,  fig.  2  (=  9 )  (Para;  type 
in  Munich  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Thamnophilus  leuconotus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  1825,  p.  28,  pi.  39,  fig.  2  (=  o")  (Pard; 
type  lost,  formerly  in  Munich  Museum;  see  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  662). 

Pyriglena  atra  (not  of  SWAINSON)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  246  (part; 
Pard);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  576  (Pard);  LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873, 
p.  387  (Para);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  270  (part;  Pard, 
Pernambuco). 

Pyriglena  maura  (not  of  MENETRIES)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  85  (part; 
Pard;  "Cayenne,"  ex  Becoeur). 

Pyriglena  leuconota  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  1905,  p.  290  (Igarape-Assu, 
Pard);  BERLEPSCH,  1.  c.,  15,  1908,  p.  162  ("Cayenne,"  ex  Becoeur);  SNETH- 
LAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  309  (Para,  Mocajatuba,  Ananindeuba, 
Benevides,  S.  Isabel,  Peixe-Boi,  S.  Antonio,  Pard  distr. ;  Rio  Guamd  (S.  Mig- 
uel), Rio  Tocantins  (Cametd,  Arumatheua);  (?)  Rio  Curud,  left  tributary 
of  the  R.  Xingu). 

•  Pyriglena  atra  (SWAINSON)  :  Male  immediately  recognizable  from  those  of  the 
P.  leuconota  group  (which  it  resembles  in  the  absence  of  white  on  wings)  by  the  pat- 
tern of  the  interscapular  feathers.  These  are  extensively  white  at  base,  succeeded 
on  subapical  portion  of  outer  web  by  an  elongated  mark  of  black  which,  in  turn, 
is  conspicuously  margined  with  white  laterally  as  well  as  terminally.  Female  very 
similar  to  that  of  P.  leucoptera  (and  like  that  bird  without  trace  of  white  interscapular 
patch),  but  with  much  shorter  tail  and  of  a  brighter,  more  rufescent  brown  tinge 
on  crown,  back  and  exposed  portion  of  wings. 

Eight  males  measure:  wing  78-83;  tail  73-78;  bill  18-19.  Six  females  measure: 
wing  72-76;  tail  69-73;  bill  19. 

This  rare  bird  is  possibly  only  a  northern  race  of  P.  leucoptera,  but,  as  long  as 
we  know  so  little  about  its  range,  it  may  well  stand  as  a  separate  species. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Pyriglena  leuconota  leuconota  (Spix) :  Male  differs  from  P.  atra  in  having  the 
interscapular  feathers  white  at  base  only,  the  entire  terminal  portion  being  black; 
female  recognizable  by  the  large  white  interscapular  blotch.  From  those  of  the 
other  leuconota  races  it  may  be  distinguished  by  lacking  the  white  supraloral  and 
superciliary  stripe. — C.  E.  H. 


228  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pyriglena  leuconota  leuconota  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  1906,  p.  620  (crit.),  622  (diag.  o",  9  ;  Para,  Pernambuco;  "Cayenne" 
ex  Becoeur);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  370  (S.  Antonio  do  Prata);  idem, 
Abhandl.  math.-phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  47  (Souza, 
Murucutu,  near  Belem;  Peixe-Boi,  Ipitinga),  93  (Para  localities);  JEERING 
and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  216  (Para,  Pernambuco,  "Cay- 
enne"); HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  83,  Abt.  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  107  in  text 
(range,  crit.). 

"Pyriglena  atra  (Sw.)=P.  leuconota  (Spix)"  (sic)  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith., 
55.  1907,  p.  286  (Para,  S.  Antonio). 

Pyriglena  lenconota  (err.  typ.)  REISER,  Denkschr.  math.-naturw.  Kl.  Akad. 
Wiss.  Wien,  76, 1910,  p.  100  (Miritiba,  Maranhao;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Pernambuco,  Maranhao 
and  Para,  ranging  west  to  the  Tocantins." 

4:   Maranhao  (Tury-assu  4). 

Pyriglena  leuconota  maura  (Menttri£s).b  MENETRIES'S  FIRE -EYE. 

Formicivora  maura  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Petersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3, 

Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  506,  pi.  7,  fig.  i    (interscapular  feather  of  cf) 

("Minas  Geraes,"  locality  no  doubt  erroneous,  we  substitute  Matto  Grosso; 

type,  o"  ad.,  in  Petrograd  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  CHROSTOWSKI, 

Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Polon.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  1921,  p.  23  (type  in  Petrograd  Museum). 
Tamnophilus  aterrimus  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 

7,  cl.  2,  1837,  p.  ii  (part;   type  [o*]  from  Chiquitos,   e.  Bolivia,  in  Paris 

Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Tamnophilus  domicella  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  idem,  1.  c.,  p.  11  (Chiquitos). 
Formicivora  domicella  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.   mSrid.,   Ois.,    1838,  p.  178 

(Mission  of  Santa  Ana,  Chiquitos;  part;  descr.   9,  spec,  in  Paris  Museum 

examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 
Formicivora  atra  (not  of  SWAINSON)  D'ORBIGNY,  1.  c.,  p.  179,  pi.  5,  fig.  2  (=  cf) 

(part;  Chiquitos,  Guarayos,  e.  Bolivia). 

•  Birds  from  Maranhao  are  perfectly  identical  with  topotypes  from  Para,  while 
two  from  Pernambuco  have  conspicuously  larger  bills.  The  locality  "Cayenne," 
resting  on  a  male  specimen  in  the  Vienna  Museum  purchased  from  the  dealer  Becoeur 
of  Paris,  requires  confirmation.  Birds  from  the  Roi  Curua  (an  affluent  of  the  Xingti) 
we  have  not  seen.  They  are  probably  referable  to  a  very  interesting  race  shortly 
to  be  described  by  Mr.  W.  E.  C.  Todd,  which,  in  the  female  sex,  closely  resembles 
P.  I.  picea  of  Peru. 

b  Pyriglena  leuconota  maura  (MENETRIES)  :  Male  not  distinguishable  from  P.  I. 
leuconota;  but  female  differing  by  having  a  very  distinct  white  streak  above  lores 
and  eye;  darker,  more  blackish  loral  spot;  buff  (instead  of  sooty  gray)  cheeks;  lighter 
rufescent  brown  (instead  of  deep  rufous  brown)  upper  parts,  without  any  trace  of 
the  blackish  subapical  zone,  separating  the  white  basis  from  the  brown  tip,  on  the 
interscapular  feathers. 

Measurements  of  five  males  from  Matto  Grosso:  wing  74,  75,  77,  78,  81;  tail 
70,  73,  75,  77,  771  bill  16^-17. 

Two  females  from  Matto  Grosso:  wing  73,  74;  tail  67,  71;  bill  155^-16. 

One  male  from  Chiquitos,  Bolivia:  wing  78;  tail  73^;  bill  16. 

One  female  from  Chiquitos,  Bolivia:  wing,  75;  tail,  71;  bill,  istf. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  229 

Pyriglena  maura  BURMEISTER,  System.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  60  (ex  MENE- 
TRIES);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  85  (part;  Rio  das  Frechas,  Engenho 
do  Gama,  w.  Matto  Grosso). 

Pyriglena  leucoptera  (err.)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  625 
(Santa  Ana,  Chiquitos;  ex  Formicivora  domicella  D'ORB.). 

Pyriglena  atra  (not  of  SWAINSON)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  p.  625  (part; 
Chiquitos;  ex  Formicivora  atra  D'ORB.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  270  (part;  spec,  g  ex  Engenho  do  Gama);  SALVADOR:,  Boll.  Mus. 
Torino,  15,  No.  378,  1900,  p.  9  (Urucum,  Matto  Grosso). 

Pyriglena  leuconata  (err.  typ.)  maura  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Akad. 
Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  623  (diag.  cf ,  9  ;  "Minas  Geraes";  Matto  Grosso). 

Pyriglena  leuconota  maura  JHERING  and  JEERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907, 
p.  216  ("Minas  Geraes,"  Matto  Grosso);  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85, 
A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  107  (range);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  201  (crit.  on 
D'Orbigny's  specimens;  range);  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  67,  Apr. 
1923,  p.  6  in  text  (Tapirapoan,  Urucum,  Matto  Grosso). 

Range:  Western  Matto  Grosso  (Urucum,  Tapirapoan,  Engenho  do 
Gama,  Rio  das  Frechas)  and  eastern  Bolivia  (Santa  Ana  de  Chiquitos). 

Pyriglena  leuconota  hellmayri  Stolzmann  and  Domaniewski.*    HELL- 
MAYR'S  FIRE-EYE. 

Pyriglena  leuconota  hellmayri  STOLZMANN  and  DOMANIEWSKI,  Compt.  Rend. 
Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie,  n,  fasc.  2,  1918,  p.  179,  184  (Chulumani,  Yungas,  w.  Boliv- 
ia); HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  107  in  text  (Yungas 
of  w.  Bolivia:  Chulumani,  Rio  Chajro,  San  Antonio,  Omeja);  CHAPMAN, 
Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  67,  1923,  p.  6,  in  text  (Mapiri,  Vermejo,  Santa  Cruz). 

Tamnophilus  aterrimus  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  1837,  p.  ii  (part;  Yungas). 

Formicivora  atra  (not  of  SWAINSON)  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  mend.,  Ois., 
1838,  p.  179  (part;  Rio  Chajro,  Yungas). 

Pyriglena  atra  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  625  (ex  D'ORBIGNY, 
part;  "Rio  de  Chairo,"  Yungas). 

Pyriglena  picea  (not  of  CABANIS)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889, 
p.  96  (Mapiri,  Bolivia). 

Pyriglena  maura  aterrima  (errore!)  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Akad. 
Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  623  (descr.  a",  9  ;  hab.  part;  Omeja,  Songo,  San 
Antonio,  Chulumani,  Yungas  of  La  Paz,  Bolivia). 

Range:  Yungas  of  Bolivia  (in  depts.  of  La  Paz  and  Santa  Cruz 
[Vermejo]). 

•  Pyriglena  leuconota  hellmayri  STOLZMANN  and  DOMANIEWSKI:  Differs  from 
P.  I.  maura  by  averaging  larger,  the  tail  and  bill  especially  so,  and  several  details  in 
coloration  of  female;  the  loral  region  being  more  blackish,  the  upper  parts  more 
olivaceous,  the  ochreous  tinge  of  the  foreneck  extended  over  the  throat,  and  the 
olivaceous  brown  of  the  flanks  more  extensive.  The  whitish  supraloral  and  super- 
ciliary stripe  is  as  well  pronounced  as  in  the  female  of  P.  I.  maura. 

Four  males,  w.  Yungas:  wing  78,  81,  83,  84;  tail  77-81;  bill  17-18. 

Two  females,  w.  Yungas:  wing  77,  77;  tail  68-74;  bill  l6#- — C.  E.  H. 


230  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pyriglena    leuconota    marcapatensis    Stolzmann    and    Domaniewski.* 
MARCAPATA  VALLEY  FIRE-EYE. 

Pyriglena  leuconota,  marcapatensis  STOLZMANN  and  DOMANIEWSKI,  Compt. 
Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie,  n,  fasc.  2,  1918,  p.  180,  185  (descr.  9  ;  Huaynapata, 
Marcapata,  se.  Peru);  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920, 
p.  106  (San  Gaban,  Carabaya);  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Nov.,  67,  1923,  p.  7 
(Santo  Domingo,  Rio  Tavara). 

Pyriglena  maura  aterrima  (errore)  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  1906, 
p.  117  (Huaynapata). 

Range:  Southeastern  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Cuzco  (Marcapata)  and 
Puno  (Carabaya). 

*Pyriglena  leuconota  picea  Cabanis.b   CABANIS'S  FIRE-EYE. 

Pyriglena  picea  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  212  (descr.  o",  "Peru," 
coll.  Tschudi;  we  suggest  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin,  as  type  locality); 
TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  530  (Paltaypampa,  Ropaybamba) ; 
idem,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  56  (descr.  d%  9  ;  same  localities);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  270  (part;  cf  ex  Ropaybamba);  STOLZMANN 
and  DOMANIEWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie,  n,  1918,  p.  177,  182 
(descr.  cf,  9  ;  Paltaypampa,  La  Gloria);  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A, 
Heft  10,  1920,  p.  108  (crit.;  type  locality:  c.  Peru,  Dept.  Junin);  CHAPMAN, 
Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  67,  1923,  p.  7  (Tulmayo,  Chelpes,  Utcuyacu,  Dept. 
Junin). 

Formicivora  atra  (not  of  SWAINSON)  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10,  (i),  1844, 
p.  278  (Peru) ;  idem,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  1846,  p.  175  (wooded  region  of  c.  Peru). 

Pyriglena  maura  picea  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  383 
(La  Gloria,  Chanchamayo;  Garita  del  Sol,  Vitoc). 

Pyriglena  maura  aterrima  (err.)  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayer.  Ak.  Wiss., 
22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  623  (part;  La  Gloria,  Garita  del  Sol,  Paltaypampa,  Ropay- 
bamba, c.  Peru;  Nuevo  Loreto,  R.  Mixiollo,  east  of  Tayabamba,  n.  Peru). 

Range:  Central  and  northern  Peru,  in  depts.  Junin,  Huanuco, 
and  Loreto  (Nuevo  Loreto,  east  of  Tayabamba). 

i:   Peru  (Vista  Alegre  i). 

••Pyriglena  leuconota  marcapatensis  STOLZMANN  and  DOMANIEWSKI:  Female 
differing  from  that  of  the  preceding  race  by  darker  rufous  brown  upper  parts, 
more  blackish  rump,  less  conspicuous  whitish  supraloral  stripe,  darker  sides  of  head 
and  throat,  and  decidedly  darker,  more  rufescent  brownish  abdomen.  Wing  74; 
tail  76;  bill  17.  No  male  seen  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Pyriglena  leuconota  picea  CABANIS:  Male  not  distinguishable  from  P.  I.  hell- 
mayri;  female  recognizable  at  a  glance  by  having  the  pileum,  sides  of  the  head  and 
throat  sooty  black  (without  the  slightest  trace  of  the  whitish  superciliary  streak 
and  subocular  spot),  the  under  parts  vandyke  brown,  slightly  mixed  with  grayish 
olive  along  middle  line;  by  lacking  the  sooty  blackish  rump,  etc.  etc. 

Two  males,  Junin  wing  78,  80;  tail  78,  80;  bill  17. 

Two  females,  Junin  wing  76,  76;  tail  77,  78;  bill  17^. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  231 

Pyriglena  leuconota  castanoptera  Chubb.*  BLACK-BELLIED  FIRE-EYE. 

Pyriglena  casianopterus  (sic)  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  36,  Feb.  1916,  p.  47 
("Braza"  =  Baeza,  e.  Ecuador;  descr.  9);  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit., 
67,  1923,  p.  7,  in  text  (Sabanilla,  Rio  Zamora,  e.  Ecuador;  Andalucia  and 
La  Candela,  head  of  Magdalena  Valley,  Colombia). 

Pyriglena  leuconota  castanoptera  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10, 
1920,  p.  108,  in  text  (e.  Ecuador;  La  Candela  and  "Anolaima"  (= Andalucia) 
(Colombia). 

Pyriglena  picea  (not  of  CABANIS)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
19I7i  P-  381  (La  Candela,  "Anolaima"  [  =  Andalucia],  Colombia). 

Range:  Eastern  Ecuador  (Baeza,  Rio  Zamora),  and  Colombia,  near 
the  sources  of  the  Magdalena  River  (La  Candela,  Andalucia). 

*Pyriglena  leuconota  pacifica  Chapman*   PACIFIC  FIRE-EYE. 

Pyriglena  pacifica  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  67,  April  1923,  p.  6  (Puente 
de  Chimbo  [type],  Esmeraldas,  Naranjo,  Bucay,  Rio  Jubones,  La  Puente, 
Portovelo,  Cebollal,  Alamor,  w.  Ecuador). 

Pyriglena  picea  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  279  (Baba- 
hoyo),  294  (Esmeraldas);  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOSWKI,  1.  c.,  1883,  p.  566 
(Chimbo);  idem,  1.  c.,  1884,  p.  302  (Cayandeled) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  270  (part;  w.  Ecuador). 

Pyriglena  maura  aterrima  (errore!)  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Akad. 
Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  633  (part;  w.  Ecuador,  Chimbo,  Cayandeled). 

Pyriglena  leticonota  aterrima,  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  G6ogr.  Mes.  Arc  Merid. 
Equal.,  9,  1911,  p  B.  34  (Gualea). 

Pyriglena  spec.  ?  STOLZMANN  and  DOMANIEWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Var- 
sovie,  ii,  1918,  p.  178,  184  (Cayandeled;  crit.). 

Range :  Western  Ecuador,  from  Esmeraldas  to  Alamor. 
2:  Ecuador  (Chimbo  2). 

•  Pyriglena  leuconota  castanoptera  CHUBB:  Male  indistinguishable  from  P.  /. 
picea,  but  female  easily  recognizable  by  the  entirely  black  under  surface,  deeper 
rufous  brown  upper  parts,  and  by  the  white  bases  of  the  interscapular  feathers 
being  separated  from  the  rufous  brown  tips  by  a  broad,  sooty  black  subterminal 
zone.  Wing  78  (cf ),  75  ( 9);  tail  81;  bill  17^.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Pyriglena  leuconota  pacifica  CHAPMAN:  Male  similar  to  P.  I.  castanoptera; 
female  quite  different,  having  the  upper  parts  saccardo's  umber  (instead  of  chestnut 
brown),  the  lores  smoke  gray,  the  auriculars  light  umber  brown  (in  castanoptera  the 
top  and  sides  of  head  are  black)  and  the  under  parts,  except  the  sooty  tail  coverts, 
dingy  buffy  brown,  lighter  on  throat,  more  brownish  on  flanks.  It  closely  resembles 
the  female  of  P.  atra,  but  may  be  immediately  recognized  by  possessing  a  large  semi- 
concealed  white  interscapular  blotch. 

Three  males  from  Chimbo:  wing  74-76;  tail  73;  bill  18-19.  Two  females  from 
Chimbo  and  Naranjo:  wing  73-76;  tail  71,  72;  bill  18. — C.  E.  H. 


232  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Genus  RHOPORNIS  Richmond. 

Rhopocichla  (not  of  DATES,  1889)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  3,  Feb. 

1891,  p.  201  (type  Myiothera  ardesiaca  WIED). 
Rhopornis  RICHMOND,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  15,  1902,  p.  25  (new  name  for 

Rhopocichla  ALLEN,  not  of  GATES). 

Rhopornis  ardesiaca  (Wied).*   SLATE-COLORED  ANTCATCHER. 

Myiothera  ardesiaca  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1055  (se.  Brazil, 
locality  not  specified;  descr.  cf,  9  ;  male  type  in  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist, 
examined  by  C.,  E.  H.). 

Formicivora  ardesiaca  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  PStersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3, 
Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  507  (ex  WIED). 

Hypocnemis  myiotherina  (not  of  SPIX)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 

2,  1889,  p.  255. 

Rhopocichla  ardesiaca  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  3,  Feb.  1891,  p.  199 

(crit.;  descr.  o"  type  in  American  Museum  Nat.  Hist.). 
Rhopornis  ardesiaca  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  216  (ex  WIED;  "Bahia"). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil  (exact  locality  unknown). 

Genus  MYRMOBORUS  Cabanis  and  Heine. 

Myrmoborus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  9  (type  by  orig. 
desig.  Pithys  leucophrys  TSCHUDI). 

*Myrmoborus    leucophrys    leucophrys     (Tschudi).     WHITE-BROWED 
ANTCREEPER. 

Pithys  leucophrys  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10,  (i),  1844,  p.  278  (Peru;  descr.  cf); 
idem,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  1846,  p.  176,  pi.  n,  fig.  2  ("Lithys"  leucophrys  on 
plate)  (the  type  locality  is  Montana  de  Vitoc,  on  the  Rio  Tullumayo,  where 
it  connects  the  Tingo  with  the  Aynamayo,  Dept.  Junin). 

*  Rhopornis  ardesiaca  (WIED)  :  "Adult  male  above  nearly  uniform  dark  plum- 
beous, wings  and  tail  (especially  the  latter)  darker;  below  deep  ash  gray,  a  little  lighter 
on  the  middle  of  the  abdomen;  whole  throat  including  foreneck  deep  black,  strictly 
limited  laterally  to  the  space  between  the  mandibular  rami;  cheeks,  sides  of  face, 
including  the  eye  region  and  ear  coverts,  ash  gray  like  the  lower  parts;  lesser  median 
and  greater  wing  coverts  broadly  edged  with  pure  white;  outer  web  of  first  primary 
edged  with  white;  rest  of  remiges  edged  with  gray,  and  the  rectrices  with  deep 
plumbeous  like  the  color  of  the  back;  axillaries  and  inner  surface  of  wings  gray,  like 
the  flanks."  Wing  75;  tail  78;  bill  18.  (ALLEN,  1.  c.) 

Female:  Upper  parts  pale  grayish  brown,  more  grayish  on  pileum  and  mantle, 
more  fulvous  on  rump  and  greater  upper  wing  coverts,  the  latter  edged  with  pale 
fulvous  brown;  under  parts  light  fulvous,  darkest  on  breast.  (Translated  from 
Wied's  description). 

This  peculiar  bird,  of  which  the  (male)  type  in  the  American  Museum  appears  to 
be  the  only  existing  specimen,  is  very  distinct  generically.  It  is  perhaps  nearest  to 
Pyriglena,  but  has  a  very  differently  shaped,  much  more  compressed  bill,  propor- 
tionately longer  tail,  etc. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  233 

Hypocnemis  leucophrys  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  146  (Bogota); 

idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  252  (part;  e.  Peru,  Bogota);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 

P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1875,  p.  237  (S.  Cristobal,  Tachira);  TACZANOWSKJ,  Orn. 

P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  67   (part;  excl.  Oyapoc,  Cayenne);  BERLEPSCH,  Journ 

Ornith.,  37,  1889,  p.  304  (Tarapoto,  R.  Huallaga);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 

Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  96  (Reyes,  Rio  Beni,  Bolivia);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 

Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  288  (part;  spec.  1-s,  Bogota;  San  Cristobal,  Venezuela); 

BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  384  (La  Merced,  Chan- 

chamayo);  idem,  Ornis,  13,  1906,  p.  118  (Rio  Garrote,  Marcapata). 
Hypocnemis  leucophrys  leucophrys  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  19  in 

text  (range);  idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  113  (Yahuarmayo, 

San  Gaban,  Chaquimayo,  n.  Puno,  Peru). 
Myrmoborus  leucophrys  leucophrys  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 

1917,  p.  386  (Buena  Vista,  Villavicencio,  La  Morelia,  e.  Colombia). 
Piihys  erythrophrys  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22,  "1854,"  publ.  April  1855,  p.  255, 

pi.  72,  fig.  i  ("Bogota";  =  9  ad.). 
Hypocnemis  erythrophrys  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  146  (Bogota); 

idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  252  (Bogota). 

Range :  Tropical  zone  of  the  Andes,  from  southwestern  Venezuela 
(La  Raya,  La  Providencia,  Merida,  San  Cristobal,  Tachira)  and  Col- 
ombia (east  slope  of  eastern  range)  through  eastern  Peru  (depts.  Lor- 
eto,  Huanuco,  Junin,  Cuzco,  northern  Puno)  to  northern  Bolivia  (Rio 
San  Mateo,  Rio  Chapare",  Yungas  of  Cochabamba).' 

8:  Peru  (Vista  Alegre  2,  Puerto  Bermudez  2,  Moyobamba  2); 
Bolivia  (Todos  Santos,  Rio  Chapare"  2). 

*Myrmoborus  leucophrys  angustirostris   (Cabanis).b    SCHOMBURGK'S 
ANTCREEPER. 

Conopophaga  angustirostris  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  1848, 
p.  685  (coastal  forests  of  British  Guiana;  descr.  9). 

Myrmonax  leucophrys  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847, 
p.  21 1  (British  Guiana;  descr.  o");  idem,  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana, 
3,  1848,  p.  684  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Hypocnemis  leucophrys  (not  Pithys  leucophrys  TSCHUDI)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
26,  1858,  p.  252  (part;  Brit.  Guiana);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  88 
(Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  428 
(Bartica  Grove);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  288  (part;  spec, 
a-k,  Rio  Javarri,  Bartica  Grove,  Takutu  River,  Brit.  Guiana) ;  GOELDI,  Ibis, 
1897,  p.  154  (Counany,  n.  Brazil);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
1902,  p.  78  (Nericagua,  Munduapo,  Capuano,  Orinoco  R.;  Suapure,  La  Union, 

•  One  male,  one  female,  Andes  of  M6rida,  two  males,  S.  Cristobal,  Tachira, 
Venezuela;  30  "Bogota,"  17  Peru,  5  Yungas  of  Cochabamba,  Bolivia,  examined 
by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmoborus  leucophrys  angustirostris  (CABANIS)  :  Male  differs  from  that  of  the 
typical  race  by  having  the  under  parts  (below  the  black  throat)  of  a  much  paler 
plumbeous;  female  hardly  distinguishable,  but  generally  less  russet  above.  Seventy- 
nine  specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


234  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

La  Pricion,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  5,  1905,  p.  442 
(Rio  Jurua);  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  221  (Rio  Jurua);  SNETHLAGE, 
Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  287  (Counany). 

Hypocnemis  leucophrys  angustirostris  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  19 
(Itaituba,  R.  Tapaj6z;  characters),  20  (range),  68  (Teff6,  Rio  Solimoes), 
378  (Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira);  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  357  (Calama,  Marmellos, 
Jamarysinho,  Rio  Madeira);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  17 
(Cachoeira,  Bom  Lugar,  Monte  Verde,  Rio  Purus),  532  (Arumatheua, 
R.  Tocantins);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  159  (Approuague,  French 
Guiana);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  61,  1913,  p.  528  (ecology);  idem,  Bol. 
Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  19141  P-  298  (Bocca  de  Manapici,  Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins; 
Tucunarfi,  R.  Jamauchim;  Cachoeira,  Bom  Lugar,  Monte  Verde,  Rio  Purus; 
Counany,  S.  Antonio  da  Cachoeira,  Rio  Jary,  Rio  Maecuni) ;  BEEBE,  Trop. 
Wild  Life,  I,  1917,  p.  132  (Bartica  Grove). 

Myrmoborus  leucophrys  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  290 
(R.  Orinoco,  above  the  Falls  of  Maipures;  Caura  R.). 

Myrmoborus  leucophrys  angustirustris  (sic)  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  62,  1918,  p.  70  (Paramaribo,  Surinam). 

Thamnophilus  myotherinus  (not  of  SPIX)  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  1825,  p.  30,  pi.  42, 
fig.  2  (=  o")  (part;  descr.  of  alleged  "  9"). 

Myrmonax  lugubris  (not  of  CABANIS)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3, 
1856,  p.  66  (ex  SPIX,  pi.  42,  fig.  2). 

Myrmoborus  angustirostris  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  65  (Brit. 
Guiana). 

Range:  Lowlands  of  the  great  Amazonian  forest,  from  French 
Guiana  through  southern  Venezuela  to  the  upper  Orinoco,  and  from 
the  Tocantins  west  to  the  Rio  Solimoes  and  Rio  Javarri,  south  to  the 
upper  Rio  Madeira  (Humaytha,  Rio  Machados). 

2:  Brazil  (Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boa  Vista,  Rio  Branco  i);  Surinam 
(vicinity  of  Paramaribo  i). 

Myrmoborus    lugubris    lugubris    (Cabanis).*     PLAIN-WINGED    ANT- 
CREEPER. 

Myrmonax  lugubris  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  211  (no  locality 
given;  the  type,  examined  in  Berlin  Museum  by  C.  E.  H.,  is  said  to  be  from 
"Para";  see  LICHTENSTEIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Mus.  Berol.,  1854,  p.  22;  descr. 
c?  ad.). 

•  Myrmoborus  lugubris  lugubris  (CABANIS):  Male  above  light  plumbeous;  fore- 
head largely  whitish;  sides  of  head  and  throat  black;  rest  of  under  parts  whitish, 
washed  with  pale  cinereous  on  flanks.  Female  with  forehead  and  sides  of  head  clear 
cinnamon  rufous,  passing  through  the  cinnamon  brown  of  the  crown  into  russet 
brown  on  the  back;  wing  coverts  russet  brown,  the  median  and  greater  series  largely 
tipped  with  cinnamomeous;  tail  russet  brown;  under  surface  white;  flanks  tinged 
with  buffy  brown;  lower  mandible  yellowish  white.  Wing  (three  c^d")  73-75 • 
(one  9)  73;  tail  47-48;  bill  18^-19^- 

This  species  is  allied  to  H.  myotherinus  melanolaema  (ScL.),  but  is  larger,  has  a 
longer,  somewhat  differently  shaped  bill,  and  lacks  the  white  dorsal  patch  as  well 
as  the  white  edges  to  the  upper  wing  coverts.  The  female  more  nearly  resembles  that 
of  M.  leucophrys,  but  has  the  lower  mandible  whitish  instead  of  black  and  lacks  the 
ferruginous  superciliary  stripe,  while  the  apical  spots  to  the  wing  coverts  are  much 
darker  and  much  less  distinct. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  235 

Heterocnemis  (?)  hypoleuca  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  10,  Aug.  1888,  p.  523 
(Diamantina,  near  Santarem,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  type  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.;  =  9  ad.). 

Hypocnemis  hypoleuca  CHAPMAN  and  RIKER,  Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  29  (Santarem); 
JEERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  221  (Diamantina). 

Hypocnemis  lugubris  CHAPMAN  and  RIKER,  Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  29  (Diamantina, 
Santarem;  cf  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  379 
(part;  spec,  i,  2,  "Para,"  Paricatuba,  near  Santarem);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ. 
Ornith.,  61,  1913,  p.  529  (Obidos,  Far6,  north  bank;  mouth  of  Tapaj6z); 
idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  299  (Monte  Alegre,  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda 
[Faro]). 

Hypocnemis  lugubris  lugubris  HELLMAYR,  Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  i,  No.  u,  March 
1910,  p.  163  (char,  d",  9  ;  Diamantina,  near  Santarem;  Paricatuba,  lower 
Amazon). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  on  the  banks  of  the  lower  Amazon  in 
western  portion  of  State  of  Grao  Para  (Santarem,  Rio  Tapajoz;  Pari- 
catuba, south  bank;  Monte  Alegre,  Obidos,  Faro,  north  bank). 

Myrmoborus  lugubris  femininus  (Hellmayr).*   BORBA  ANTCREEPER. 

Hypocnemis  lugubris  feminina  HELLMAYR,  Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  i,  No.  n,  March 
1910,  p.  164  (Borba,  Rio  Madeira) ;  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  17, 1910,  p.  360  (Borba); 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  300  (Rio  Madeira). 

Hypocnemis  lugubris  (not  of  CABANIS)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  88,  163 
(Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  Anavehana,  lower  Rio  Negro;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr.  o",  9);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  289  (Borba);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  221  (Borba,  Rio  Negro, 
"Matto  Grosso");  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  379  (part;  spec.  3-10, 
Borba,  one  day's  journey  above  Borba;  Anavehana,  Rio  Negro). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Amazonas  (Borba,  lower  Rio 
Madeira ;  Rio  Anavillhana,  a  tributary  of  the  Rio  Negro,  above  Mandos). 

Mynnoborus   lugubris   berlepschi    (Hellmayr)*    BERLEPSCH'S   ANT- 
CREEPER. 

Hypocnemis  lugubris  berlepschi  HELLMAYR,  Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  I,  No.  u, 
March  1910,  p.  165  (Nauta  [type],  Iquitos,  ne.  Peru). 

•  Myrmoborus  lugubris  femininus  (HELLMAYR)  :  Male  differs  from  the  typical 
form  only  by  its  smaller  size  and  shorter,  weaker  bill;  female  easily  recognizable  by 
having  the  sides  of  the  head  dull  black;  the  crown  and  especially  the  forehead  much 
less  rufous;  the  back  less  russet,  and  the  apical  spots  to  the  larger  wing  coverts 
much  smaller.  Wing  (three  o"o")  69,  70,  71,  (five  9  9)  66-68;  tail  40-45;  bill 
17-18.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmoborus  lugubris  berlepschi  (HELLMAYR)  :  Decidedly  smaller  than  the 
other  races;  male  with  under  parts  pale  cinereous  instead  of  whitish;  female  like 
that  of  femininus,  but  sides  of  the  head  deeper  black,  without  any  trace  of  rufescent 
shaft  lines;  chest  pale  cinereous  (instead  of  white)  and  separated  from  white  throat 
by  a  narrow  row  of  small  blackish  spots.  Wing  (two  o"o*)  66,  67,  (three  99); 
tail  64-65;  35-38;  bill  17-18.— C.  E.  H. 


236  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Hypocnemis  lugubris  (not  of  CABANIS)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  68 
(Iquitos,  Peru). 

Range:  Northeastern  Peru,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Maranon 
(Nauta,  Iquitos). 

Myrmoborus  myotherinus  myotherinus  (Spix).    BLACK-FACED  ANT- 
CREEPER. 

Thamnophilus  myotherinus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  1825,  p.  30,  pi.  42,  fig.  i  (=o*) 
(part;  descr.  of  o"  only,  type  lost;  no  locality  given,  Rio  lea,  nw.  Brazil 
suggested  as  type  locality  by  Hellmayr,  1920,  p.  112,  note  i*). 

Myiothera  thamnophiloides  VOIGT,  Cuvier's  Thierreich,  i,  1831,  p.  494  (new  name 
for  Thamnophilus  myotherinus  SPIX). 

Hypocnemis  myotherina  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  3,  1886,  p.  509  (Rio  Tigre, 
n.  Peru;  descr.  9  in  Coll.  Berlepsch  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  HELLMAYR, 
Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  664  (crit.). 

Hypocnemis  myiotherina  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  146  (Bogota); 
idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  67  (Rio  Napo),  251  (part;  Bogota);  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  978  (Pebas);  1873,  p.  276  (part;  Pebas);  BERLEPSCH, 
Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  4,  1887,  p.  185  (Bogota);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  288  (part;  spec.  1-s,  Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador,  "Bogota," 
examined  in  Brit.  Mus.  by  C.  E.  H.);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  65  (Baeza, 
e.  Ecuador;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov. 
Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  78  (La  Pricion,  Nicare,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela);  JHERING, 
Cat.  F.  Bras.,  i,  1907,  p.  221  (part;  range,  excl.  Borba);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol. 
Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p  298  (range;  diagn.). 

Hypocnemis  myotherina  myotherina  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  20  (diag. 
d",  9;  "Bogota";  e.  Ecuador;  Caura  River,  Venezuela;  Pebas,  Rio  Tigre, 
Nauta,  n.  Peru). 

Myrmoborus  myiotherina  myiotherina  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull., 
2,  1916,  p.  290  (La  Pricion,  Nicare,  Caura  R.). 

Hypocnemis  melanosticta  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858, 
p.  67  (Rio  Napo). 

Hypocnemis  elegans  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  June  1857,  p.  47  (based  on 
Hypocnemis — ?  SCLATER,  1.  c.,  23,  1855,  p.  147,  No.  187:  "Bogota";  type  in 
British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =9  ad.);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858, 
p.  252  (Bogota). 

Myrmoborus  myiotherinus  elegans  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
1917,  p.  387  (La  Morelia,  Florencia,  Rio  Caqueta,  se.  Colombia). 

Range:  From  the  eastern  slope  of  the  eastern  Andes  of  Colombia 
("Bogotd";  Florencia,  La  Morelia,  Rio  Caqueta,  Cuembi,  Rio  Putu- 

•  I  am  perfectly  aware  that  Berlepsch  and  Hartert  (Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  78) 
have  suggested  Fonteboa,  Rio  Solimoes,  as  type  locality,  but  I  am  not  disposed  to 
accept  their  designation,  since  Spix's  figure  and  description  correspond  much  better 
to  the  dark-bellied  race  found  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Amazon. — C.  E.  H. 


BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  237 

mayo)  through  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu,  Baeza)  to  the 
north  bank  of  the  Rio  Marafion  (Pebas,  Rio  Tigre,  Nauta),  in  northern 
Peru;  also  in  the  Caura  Valley,  southern  Venezuela." 

*Myrmoborus  myotherinus  melanolaema  (Sclater).b   BLACK-THROATED 
ANTCREEPER. 

Hypocnemis  melanolaema  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22,  "1854,"  publ.  April  1855, 
p.  254,  pi.  72,  fig.  2  ("in  Peruvia,  Chamicurros" ;  the  type,  now  in  British 
Museum,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.,  is  from  "Peru,"  ex  Verreaux;  descr.  c?  ad.). 

Hypocnemis  melanosticta  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22,  "1854,"  publ.  April  1855, 
p.  254,  pi.  73  ("in  Peruvia,  Chamicurros" ;  the  types,  now  in  British  Museum, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.,  are  from  "Peru,"  ex  Verreaux;  descr.  d"  juv.,  9); 
idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  251  (Chamicurros,  e.  Peru);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2, 
1868,  p.  88,  Note  8  (Maynas,  n.  Peru;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Hypocnemis  myiotherina  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  251 
(part;  Chamicurros,  upper  Amazon) ;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  750, 
757  (Xeberos,  Yurimaguas,  Chyavetas;  spec,  in  British  Museum  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  276  (part;  Xeberos,  Yurimaguas,  Chyav- 
etas, Chamicuros,  Santa  Cruz) ;  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1874,  P-  531  (Monterico); 
idem,  1.  c.,  1882,  p.  32  (Yurimaguas);  idem,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  65 
(part;  Peruvian  localities,  excl.  Pebas);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  288  (part;  spec,  a-k,  Yurimaguas,  Xeberos,  Chyavetas,  Peru, 
upper  Amazon,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Hypocnemis  myotherina  melanolaema  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  21 
(diag.  d1,  9  ;  S.  Mateo,  n.  Bolivia;  Chuchurras  [Huanuco],  Yurimaguas, 
Chamicuros,  Chyavetas,  Peru),  379  (part;  Humaytha,  left  bank  of  Rio 
Madeira);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  358  (Humaytha);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ. 
Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  17  (Cachoeira,  Rio  Punis);  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg., 
85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  112  (Yahuarmayo,  San  Gaban,  n.  Puno,  se.  Peru). 

Hypocnemis  myiotherina  melanolaema  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914, 
p.  299  (Cachoeira,  Rio  Punis). 

Range :  Upper  Amazonia,  from  northern  Peru  south  of  the  Marafion 
in  depts.  Loreto  (Yurimaguas,  Xeberos,  Chamicuros,  Chyavetas, 
Maynas),  Huanuco  (Chuchurras),  Junin  (Puerto  Bermudez),  north- 
eastern Ayacucho  (Monterico,  Rio  San  Miguel)  and  northern  Puno 

•  Birds  from  the  north  bank  of  the  Rio  Marafion  agree  perfectly  with  a  large 
series  from  eastern  Ecuador,  Cuembi  and  "Bogota,"  including  the  type  of  H.  ete- 
gans,  particularly  the  females  showing  the  same  deep,  nearly  orange  ochraceous  tone  on 
the  abdomen.  Specimens  from  the  Caura  Valley  do  not  differ  either,  as  far  as  I  can 
see.  Material  examined:  five  o"c?,  five  9  9  "Bogota";  one  9  Cuembi,  Rio  Putumayo, 
se.  Colombia;  five  d"  d",  two  9  9  Rio  Napo;  two  <?  d",  one  9  Sarayacu;  one  d"  Baeza, 
e.  Ecuador;  one  d",  two  9  9  Rio  Tigre,  near  Nauta;  one  d",  one  9  Pebas,  n.  Peru; 
four  d"d",  ten  99  Caura  R.,  Venezuela.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmoborus  myotherinus  melanolaema  (SCLATER)  :  Male  similar  to  M.  m.  myo- 
therinus, but  with  breast  and  abdomen  paler,  whitish  gray,  only  the  flanks  being 
mouse  gray;  female  like  the  typical  race  with  pure  white  throat  and  pale  lower  man- 
dible, but  under  parts  much  lighter,  pale  ochraceous  buff,  sometimes  passing  into 
buff  on  middle  of  belly.— C.  E.  H. 


238  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

(San  Gaban,  Yahuarmayo),  east  through  western  Brazil  to  the  left 
bank  of  the  Rio  Madeira  (Humaytha),  south  to  northern  Bolivia, 
Yungas  of  Cochabamba  (Rio  San  Mateo,  Rio  Chapare").* 

8:  Peru  (Yurimaguas  2,  Puerto  Bermudez  5),  Bolivia  (Todos  Santos, 
Rio  Chapare"  i). 

Myrmoborus  myotherinus  sororius  (Hellmayr).b  BUFF-THROATED  ANT- 
CREEPER. 

Hypocnemis  myotherina  sororia  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17, 1910,  p.  358  (Calama, 
Rio  Madeira  [type];  Jamarysinho,  Maroins,  Rio  Machados). 

Hypocnemis  myiotherina  sororia  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  299 
(ex  HELLMAYR). 

Hypocnemis  myotherina  melanolaema  (not  of  SCLATER)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
14,  1907,  p.  379  (part;  Paraiso,  Rio  Madeira). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  upper  Rio  Madeira 
(Paraiso,  Calama)  and  its  tributary,  the  Machados. 

Myrmoborus    myotherinus    ochrolaema    (Hellmayr).*     OCHREOUS- 

THROATED   ANTCREEPER. 

Hypocnemis  myotherina  ochrolaema  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  16,  June 
1906,  p.  109  (Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  20,  21 
(Itaituba),  379  (Borba,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  359  (Borba); 
JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  415  (ex  HELLMAYR). 

Hypocnemis  myiotherina  ochrolaema  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1918, 
P-  5*3  (Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z),  533  (Arumatheua,  Alcobaca,  R.  Tocantins; 

•  There  does  not  seem  to  be  any  difference  between  typical  Peruvian  specimens 
and  others  from  Bolivia  and  Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira.  Material  examined :  four  o*  d" , 
four  9  9  Rio  San  Mateo;  one  d1  Rio  Chapar6,  Bolivia;  three  <?  o",  two  9  9  Humay- 
tha, Rio  Madeira;  two  o"o",  one  9  San  Gaban;  one  d1,  one  9  Yahuarmayo,  se. 
Peru;  four  eft?,  one  9  Puerto  Bermudez,  Junin;  one  o*  Chuchurras,  Huanuco;  two 
d"o",  two  9  9  Yurimaguas;  three  0*0",  one  9  Chamicuros;  one  o*  Xeberos;  one 
9  Chyavetas,  n.  Peru.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmoborus  myotherinus  sororius  (HELLMAYR)  :  Male  much  like  M.  m.  melan- 
olaema, but  averaging  smaller  and  under  parts  very  slightly  grayer.  Female  agreeing 
with  melanolaema  in  pale  lower  mandible,  but  breast  and  abdomen  much  darker, 
deep  ochraceous  as  in  M.  m.  ochrolaema;  differs,  however,  from  both  in  having  the 
throat  neither  pure  white  (like  melanolaema)  nor  deep  ochraceous  (like  ochrolaema) 
but  light  creamy  buff,  in  conspicuous  contrast  to  the  color  of  the  belly,  and  the 
cheeks,  as  well  as  the  malar  region  bright  buff  with  narrow  dusky  cross  lines.  Wing 
(ten  0*0")  62-65,  (eight  9  9)  62-64;  tail  37-42;  bill  15-16^.— C.  E.  H. 

0  Myrmoborus  myotherinus  ochrolaema  (HELLMAYR) :  Male  nearest  to  M.  m.  mel- 
anolaema, but  under  parts  paler,  almost  white  in  the  middle;  superciliaries  more 
purely  white,  broader,  and  extended  along  upper  margin  of  auriculars;  female  with 
breast  and  belly  deep  (orange)  ochraceous  as  in  M.  m.  myotherinus,  but  readily  dis- 
tinguishable by  the  blackish  (instead  of  whitish)  lower  mandible  and  by  having  the 
throat  deep  ochraceous  (like  the  chest)  without  any  trace  of  dusky  brown  spots 
across  the  foreneck.  Wing  (seven  0*0*  ad.)  62-65,  (four  99)  60-62;  tail  37-51; 
bill  16-17.— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  239 

spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  299  (Cam- 
eta,  Alcobaca,  Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins;  Victoria,  R.  Xingii;  Santarem, 
Pinhel,  Villa  Braga,  Villa  Nova,  Pimental,  Rio  Tapajoz;  Tucunare,  R.  Jam- 
auchim). 

Hypocnemis  myiotherina  (not  of  SPIX)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  88  (Borba; 
spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range :  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Tocantins 
west  to  Borba,  on  the  lower  Rio  Madeira. 

Myrmoborus  melanurus  (Sclater  and  Salvin}.*    BLACK-TAILED  ANT- 
CREEPER. 

Hypocnemis  melanura  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  186  (Casha- 
boya,  River  Ucayali,  e.  Peru;  types  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.; 
descr.  d",  9);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  276  (upper  Ucayali);  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  69  (upper  Ucayali);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  290  (Cashaboya,  R.  Ucayali);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull. 
Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  47  (e.  Peru;  crit.);  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  300  (upper  Amazon). 

Range:  Eastern  Peru  (Cashiboya,  Rio  Ucayali). 


Genus  HYPOCNEMIS  Cabanis. 

Hypocnemis  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  212  (type  by  subs,  desig., 
Gray,  1855,  Formicarius  cantator  BODDAERT). 

*Hypocnemis  cantator  cantator  (Boddaerf).  WARBLING  ANTBIRD. 

Formicarius  cantatar  (typogr.  error)  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  1783,  p.  44  (based 
on  "Le  Carrilloneur,  de  Cayenne,"  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.  700,  fig.  2). 

Turdus  tintinnabulatus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i,  (2),  1789,  p.  862  (based  on  Dau- 
benton, PI.  enl.  700,  fig.  2). 

Turdus  campanetta  LATHAM,  Ind.  Orn.,  i,  1790,  p.  359  (based  on  Daubenton, 
PI.  enl.  700,  fig.  2). 

Myrmotheravittata  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  12, 1817,  p.  114 

("Guyane"  =  Cayenne). 
(l)Thamnophilus  striatus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  1825,  p.  29,  pi.  40,  fig.  2  (=  9  ?)  (no 

locality  given,  type  lost;  see  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  23, 

No.  3,  1906,  p.  663). 

•  Myrmoborus  melanurus  (SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  :  Nearly  allied  to  M.  m.  myo- 
therinus  and  with  similarly  shaped  bill,  but  without  trace  of  a  white  interscapular 
patch;  male  with  crown  as  well  as  sides  of  head  and  throat  black,  without  the 
slightest  indication  of  a  whitish  superciliary  streak;  under  parts  much  darker  slate 
gray,  hardly  paler  than  the  back;  axillars  and  under  wing  coverts  pure  white  (instead 
of  cinereous) ;  female  distinguishable  by  pure  white  (instead  of  buff)  axillars  and  apical 
edges  of  upper  wing  coverts,  olive  brown  (not  black)  sides  of  head,  much  duller 
olive  fulvous  chest  and  sides,  extensively  white  middle  of  breast  and  abdomen,  etc. 
Wing  (two  <?  d")  63,  66,  (one  9)  63;  tail  40-41;  bill  17-18.— C.  E.  H. 


240  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Hypocnemis  cantator  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  250  (part;  Cayenne); 
PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  87  (part;  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  =  Manaos) ; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  285  (part.:  Cayenne,  Surinam); 
MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  1904,  p.  176  (Camopi,  Ouanary,  Saint- 
Jean-du-Maroni) ;  idem,  1.  c.,  14,  1908,  p.  13  (French  Guiana);  JHERING, 
Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  221  (part);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908, 
p.  158  (Roche- Marie;  Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague),  320  (Camopi,  Ouanary, 
Saint- Jean-du-Maroni,  French  Guiana);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 
1914,  p.  295  (Obidos;  Far6,  Rio  Jamunda);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  62,  1918,  p.  69  (Paramaribo,  Javaweg,  Surinam). 

Hypocnemis  cantator  cantator  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  32  (Obidos). 

Hypocnemis  tintinnabulatus  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  212,  pi.  4, 
fig.  i  (part;  Cayenne). 

Range:  French  and  Dutch  Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  south  to  the 
north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon  (Obidos;  Faro,  Rio  Jamunda;  Man- 
aos).' 

2:   Brazil  (Conceigao,  Rio  Branco). 

*Hypocnemis  cantator  peruviana  Taczanowski.b   PERUVIAN  WARBLING 
ANTBIRD. 

Hypocnemis  cantator  peruvianus  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  61  (Yuri- 
maguas,  n.  Peru;  descr.  o",  9);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  442 
(Rio  Jurua;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  221 
(Rio  Jurua);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  19  (Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z), 
67  (Teff6,  R.  Solimoes),  377  (Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910, 
P-  353  (Calama;  Maroins,  R.  Machados;  range);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith., 
56,  1908,  p.  17  (Bom  Lugar,  R.  Punis),  512  (Villa  Braga,  Bellavista,  R.  Tapa- 
J6z).  532  (Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914, 
p.  296  (Cameta,  Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins;  Victoria,  R.  Xingu;  Rio  Curua; 
Boim,  Villa  Braga,  Bellavista,  R.  Tapaj6z;  Santa  Elena,  Tucunare,  R.  Jam- 
•  auchim;  Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Punis);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  20,  1921,  p.  207 

(Yuracares,  n.  Bolivia). 

Hypocnemis  cantator  peruviana  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917, 
p.  386  (part;  La  Morelia,  se.  Colombia;  Zamora,  e.  Ecuador). 

Hypocnemis  cantator  (not  of  BODDAERT)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  67 
(Rio  Napo),  250  (part;  e.  Peru,  Chamicuros;  Rio  Napo);  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1866,  p.  186  (upper  Ucayali) ;  1867,  p.  750  (Xeberos,  Chyavetas); 
978  (Pebas);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  275  (upper  Ucayali,  Xeberos,  Chyavetas, 
Chamicuros,  Santa  Cruz,  Pebas,  n.  Peru);  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1882,  p.  32 
(Yurimaguas);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  87  (part;  Villa  Maria, 

•  Twenty-five  specimens  from  French  Guiana,  four  from  Surinam,  two  cT  d"  from 
Manaos,  one  cf,  one  9  from  Obidos  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Hypocnemis  cantator  peruviana  TACZ.  :  Male  differs  from  H.  c.  cantator  by 
possessing  a  large  concealed  white  dorsal  patch,  and  by  the  interscapulars  being 
coarsely  spotted  with  black  and  laterally  edged  with  white;  while  in  the  female  the 
anterior  portion  of  the  back  shows  faint  dusky  spots  and  a  number  of  buff  longitud- 
inal streaks  (instead  of  being  uniform  dull  brownish  olive). 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  241 

Engenho  do  Gama,  w.  Matto  Grosso;  Borba,  Rio  Madeira,  spec,  examined 

by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  285   (part;  Ega,  Rio 

Javarri,  w.  Brazil;  Peru;  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador). 
Tamnophilus  striatothorax  (not  Myothera  strictothorax  TEMMINCK)  LAFRESNAYE 

and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  1837,  cl.  2,  p.  12  (Bolivia). 
Thamnophilus  striatothorax  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame>.  meiid.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  176 

(Yuracares,  n.  Bolivia;  spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr. 

c?). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon  from  the  Tocan- 
tinsa  westward,  south  to  western  Matto  Grosso,  and  northern  Bolivia 
(Yuracares);  eastern  Peru,  in  depts.  Loreto  and  Junin  (Puerto  Ber- 
mudez);  eastern  Ecuador  and  southeastern  Colombia  (Cuembi,  Rio 
Putumayo;  La  Morelia,  Rio  Caqueta).b 

8:   Peru  (Moyobamba  5,  Puerto  Bermudez  i);  Brazil  (Santarem  2). 

*Hypocnemis  cantator  notaea  Hellmayr."  BRITISH  GUIANA  WARBLING 
ANTBIRD. 

Hypocnemis  cantator  notaea  HELLMAYR,  Anzeiger  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  3,  Oct.  1920, 

p.  19  (Merum6  Mts.,  British  Guiana). 
Hypocnemis  tintinnabulata  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  212  (part; 

Guiana  =  British  Guiana);  idem,  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3, 

1848,  p.  684  (coastal  forests  of  British  Guiana). 
Hypocnemis  cantator  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  428  (Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa); 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  285  (part;  British  Guiana);  CHUBB, 

Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  63  (Brit.  Guiana). 
Hypocnemis  cantator  cantator  (not  of  BODDAERT)  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  x, 

19*7,  P-  132  (Bartica). 

Range:   British  Guiana. 

3 :  British  Guiana  (Mazaruni  River  2,  Hyde  Park,  Demerara  i). 

•  With  only  a  single  young  female  from  the  Rio  Macujubim  it  is  impossible  to 
ascertain  whether  the  birds  found  on  the  Island  of  Marajo  (H.  cantator  SNETH- 
LAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  287)  are  referable  to  typical  cantator  or  peruv- 
iana.—C.  E.  H. 

b  There  are  certain  variations  to  be  noticed  in  the  large  series  from  different 
localities  examined  in  the  present  connection.  Females  from  e.  Ecuador,  se.  Colombia 
and  n.  Peru  (Moyobamba),  have  the  crown  more  blackish  with  the  light  streaks 
along  middle  line  nearly  whitish,  instead  of  buff  or  pale  fulvous,  as  is  the  case  in 
those  from  Brazil.  Birds  from  the  upper  Rio  Madeira  (Humaytha,  Calama,  Maroins), 
Rio  Jurua,  ne.  Bolivia  (Yuracares),  and  Matto  Grosso  have  decidedly  paler  ochra- 
ceous  flanks  than  a  series  from  the  Tapaj6z,  Teff6,  Peru,  etc.  Sixty  specimens 
examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

'Hypocnemis  cantator  notaea  HELLMAYR:  Nearly  related  to  H.  c.  pertanana 
TACZ.,  but  recognizable  by  the  much  deeper  rufous  brown  color  of  rump,  tail  and 
outer  aspect  of  wings.  The  male  resembles  H.  c.  peruviana  in  having  a  large  white 
interscapular  patch,  and  the  upper  back  heavily  variegated  with  black  and  white, 
but  these  light  markings  are  duller,  grayish  white  as  well  as  larger,  forming  marginal 


242  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Hypocnemis    flavescens    flavescens    (Sclater).*     SULPHUR-BREASTED 
ANTBIRD. 

Formicivora  flavescens  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.  for  1864,  publ.  1865,  p.  609  (Mara- 
bitanas,  Rio  Negro,  nw.  Brazil). 

Hypocnemis  flavescens  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  88  (Marabitanas,  Rio 
Icanna,  upper  Rio  Negro;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  286  (Marabitanas;  "Oyapoc, 
Cayenne"1");  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  77  (Suapure, 
Nicare,  La  Pricion,  La  Union,  Caura  River,  Venezuela);  JHERING,  Cat.  F. 
Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  221  (range);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  P-  296 
("Guyana,"  Rio  Negro);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  159  ("Oyapoc," 
ex  SCLATER). 

Hypocnemis  flavescens  flavescens  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
1916,  p.  289  (foot  of  Mt.  Duida,  Boca  de  Sina,  Rio  Cunucunuma,  upper 
Orinoco). 

Hypocnemis  flavescens  humilis  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  1913,  p.  172 
(La  Lajita,  Caura  River);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916, 
p.  289  (La  Lajita,  Nicare,  Suapure,  La  Pricion,  Caura  R.). 

Range :  Northwestern  Brazil,  on  the  upper  Rio  Negro  (Marabitanas, 
Rio  Icanna),  and  southern  Venezuela  (Caura  River;  foot  of  Mt.  Duida 
and  Rio  Cunucunuma,  upper  Orinoco).0 

spots  rather  than  edges;  the  female,  by  its  less  spotted  mantle,  approaches  H.  c.  can- 
tator.     Wing,  51-55;  tail,  40-44;  bill,  14-15^. 

Ten  specimens  from  British  Guiana  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

•  The  general  resemblance  in  markings  might  lead  one  to  regard  H.  cantator 
and  H.  flavescens  as  conspecific.  It  appears,  however,  that  representatives  of  both 
the  yellow  and  white-bellied  group  occur  together  in  the  northern  parts  of  Bolivia, 
peruviana  having  been  taken  in  the  Yuracares  district,  while  subflava  was  secured 
on  the  San  Mateo  and  ChaparS  rivers,  though  possibly  at  a  higher  altitude.  More- 
over, if  my  surmise  of  H.  flavescens  and  H.  hypoxantha  being  conspecific  is  correct, 
the  ranges  of  H.  h.  hypoxantha  and  H.  h.  ochraceiventris  will  be  seen  to  coincide  with 
that  of  H.  cantator  peruviana.  Further  investigation  of  the  case  is  imperative  before 
we  can  arrive  at  definite  conclusions  as  to  the  interrelations  of  these  birds. — C.  E.  H. 

b  The  locality  "Oyapoc,"  attached  to  a  specimen  purchased  from  a  dealer,  is 
quite  unreliable. 

e  Caura  specimens  appear  to  me  inseparable  from  flavescens,  as  represented  by 
ten  examples  from  Marabitanas,  the  type  locality.  I  do  not  find  any  difference 
either  in  coloration  or  in  the  markings  of  the  chest  between  the  two  series.  Ven- 
ezuelan birds  average  slightly  smaller,  but  this  is  too  insignificant  to  warrant  recog- 
nition in  nomenclature. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Five  o"  o"  from  Marabitanas           56,57,58,59,59  40,41,42,42,43  15-16 

Eight  d"  o71  from  the  Caura  54,56(four),56K,57,58                39-43  15-16^ 

Five  9  9  from  Marabitanas          55,55,55^,56,57                     4<>43  iS-istf 

Four  9  9  from  the  Caura              52^,54,55,55^                   37-4O#  15-16 
— C.  E.  H. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  243 

*Hypocnemis   flavescens    subflava    Cabanis*     CABANIS'S   SULPHUR- 
BREASTED  ANTBIRD. 

Hypocnemis  subflava  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  21,  1873,  p.  65  (Monterico,  Rio 
San  Miguel,  ne.  Ayacucho,  Peru;  type  in  Warsaw  Museum  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.;  descr.  o* );  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  530  (Monterico); 
idem,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  63  (Monterico);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  384  (La  Merced,  Chanchamayo) ;  HELLMAYR,  Arch. 
Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  108  (Yahuarmayo,  Chaquimayo,  Callanga, 
Marcapata,  se.  Peru;  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin;  Rio  San  Mateo,  n.  Bolivia; 
crit.,  descr.  9  )• 

Hypocnemis  flavescens  subflava  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  2,  1921,  p.  5  in 
text  (Peren£,  Dept.  Junin;  Rio  Tavara,  La  Pampa,  n.  Puno;  Todos  Santos, 
Bolivia). 

Hypocnemis  collinsi  CHERRIE,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  1916,  p.  395 
(Todos  Santos,  Rio  Chapar6,  n.  Bolivia). 

Hypocnemis  flavescens  (not  of  SCLATER)  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc. 
Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  43  ("ne.  Peru,"  errore!  =se-  Peru). 

Range:  Central  and  southeastern  Peru,  in  depts.  Junin  (Chancha- 
mayo), Ayacucho  (Monterico),  Cuzco  (Callanga,  Marcapata),  and 
northern  Puno  (Yahuarmayo,  Chaquimayo,  Rio  Tavara,  La  Pampa), 
and  northern  Bolivia  (Rio  San  Mateo;  Todos  Santos,  Rio  Chapare").b 

3 :   Peru  (Chanchamayo  2) ;  Bolivia  (Todos  Santos,  Rio  Chapare"  i). 

Hypocnemis     hypoxantha     hypoxantha    Sclater."      YELLOW-BROWED 
ANTBIRD. 

Hypocnemis  hypoxantha  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  573,  pi.  43  ("Upper 
Amazons";  type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr.  d");  idem, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  286  (upper  Amazon;  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador; 
descr.  d1);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.), 
8,  1906,  p.  44  (Pebas,  Nauta,  ne.  Peru);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  386  (La  Morelia,  se.  Colombia). 

•  Hypocnemis  flavescens  subflava  CABANIS:  Differs  from  H.  f.  flavescens  by  paler, 
more  grayish  olive  upper  parts  without  any  russet  brown  on  the  rump;  olive  gray 
instead  of  russet  brown  tertials,  rectrices  and  outer  aspect  of  remiges;  brighter 
yellow  under  surface  with  conspicuously  lighter  ochraceous  flanks.  The  female  also  is 
recognizable  by  deeper  yellow  under  parts,  paler  flanks,  less  russet  tail,  and  absence 
of  russet  brown  on  rump.  Wing  (d")  56-59,  (  9 )  54-551  tail  (o")  42-4?.  (  9 )  39-441 
bill  14-16.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Five  Bolivian  birds  including  a  topotype  of  H.  collinsi,  do  not  differ  from  the 
type  and  six  other  specimens  from  s.  Peru  (depts.  Cuzcp  and  Puno).  Two  males 
from  Chanchamayo  are  slightly  brighter  beneath,  but  this  is  not  the  case  in  three 
females  from  the  same  locality. — C.  E.  H. 

9  Hypocnemis  hypoxantha  hypoxantha  SCLATER:  Male  differs  from  H.  flavescens 
subflava  CAB.  by  deep  yellow  (instead  of  whitish)  supraloral  and  bright  yellow 
(instead  of  pure  white)  superciliary  streak;  by  having  the  upper  back  but  obsoletely 
clouded  with  dusky  (instead  of  strongly  striped  with  deep  black)  without  any  trace 
of  a  white  interscapular  blotch;  the  cheeks,  auriculars  and  under  parts  much  deeper 
yellow;  the  middle  as  well  as  the  sides  of  the  chest  heavily  streaked  with  black;  the 


244  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Hypocnemis  flavcscens  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1866,  p.  567  (lower  Ucayali;  one  of  Bartlett's  specimens,  marked  by  Sclater 
"H.  flavescens,"  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  the  lower  Ucayali  and  the  north 
bank  of  the  Maranon  (Nauta,  Pebas),  northern  Peru,  through  eastern 
Ecuador  (Sarayacu)  north  to  southeastern  Colombia  (Cuembi,  Rio 
Putumayo;  La  Morelia,  Rio  Caqueta). 

Hypocnemis  hypoxantha  ochraceiventris  Chapman.*   BRAZILIAN  YEL- 
LOW-BROWED ANTBIRD. 

Hypocnemis  hypoxantha  ochraceiventris  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  2,  1921, 
p.  5  (Alta  Mira,  Rio  Xingu,  n.  Brazil). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  from  the  Rio  Xingu  (Alta  Mira)  to  the 
Tapaj6z  (Miritituba,  Colonia  do  Mojuy). 

Genus  HYPOCNEMOIDES  Bangs  and  Penard. 

Hypocnemoides  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  1918,  p.  69 
(type  by  orig.  desig.,  Hypocnemis  melanopogon  SCLATER). 

*Hypocnemoides    melanopogon     (Sclater). b      BLACK-CHINNED    ANT- 
CREEPER. 

Hypocnemis  melanopogon  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  Oct.  1857,  p.  130  (part; 
"Chamicuros,  e.  Peru,"  errore!,  the  type  is  from  Guiana;  see  Cat.  Coll. 

flanks  grayish  olive  instead  of  ochraceous;  the  axillars  and  under  wing  coverts 
grayish  rather  than  sulphur  yellow;  the  lower  mandible  black  (like  the  upper  one) 
instead  of  horny  whitish.  Wing  (seven  cTc?  ad.)  55-57X1  tail  41-46;  bill  15-16^. 
Female  unknown  to  theauthors.  Examined:  one  cf  ad.  "Upper  Amazons,"  the  type; 
two  d"d"  ad.  Nauta;  one  o*  ad.  Pebas,  Rio  Maranon;  one  c?  ad.  lower  Ucayali, 
Peru;  one  d"  ad.  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  one  o"  ad.  Cuembi,  Rio  Putumayo,  se.  Col- 
ombia, July  21,  1897,  Gustav  Hopke  (Coll.  Berlepsch). — C.  E.  H. 

•  Hypocnemis  hypoxantha  ochraceiventris  CHAPMAN:  Male  agreeing  with 
H.  h.  hypoxantha  in  entirely  black  bill,  bright  yellow  supraloral  and  superciliary 
streak,  deep  yellow  under  parts,  and  in  absence  of  white  interscapular  patch,  but 
readily  distinguishable  by  having  the  flanks  ochraceous  instead  of  grayish  olive; 
besides,  the  black  malar  stripe  is  decidedly  broader,  the  back  and  outer  edges  of 
the  quills  are  brownish  rather  than  grayish  olive,  the  upper  tail  coverts  slightly 
tinged  with  rufescent,  the  tail  longer  and  more  brownish.  The  female  has  the  lower 
mandible  yellowish  gray  like  H.  flavescens  subflava,  but  differs  from  the  female  of 
that  bird  by  deeper  yellow  under  parts  with  much  paler  ochraceous  flanks,  bright 
buffy  yellow  (instead  of  dull  buff)  superciliaries,  etc.  Wing  (three  males)  57-59,  (three 
females)  55-56;  tail  50-53,  (female)  45-49;  bill  14-15.  A  series  from  the  Tapaj6z 
(Miritituba,  Colonia  de  Mojuy)  in  the  Carnegie  Museum  examined. — C.  E.  H. 

b  The  peculiarly  overlapping  ranges  of  H.  melanopogon  and  H.  maculicauda 
have  been  commented  upon  by  Miss  Snethlage  and  myself.  While  generally  replacing 
one  another  geographically  and  frequenting  not  quite  the  same  kind  of  country, 
they  appear  to  occur  together  in  certain  districts,  as  on  the  upper  stretches  of  the 
Purus.  This  fact  is  not  easy  to  explain  in  view  of  their  obvious  close  relationship, 
but  a  similar  problem  in  distribution  is  presented  by  Cercomacra  tyrannina  laeta, 
C.  t.  saturatior,  C.  ».  nigrescens  and  C.  n.  approximans. 


1 92 4.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  245 

Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  188,  and  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  381;  type, 
now  in  British  Museum,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr.  d",  9);  idem,  1.  c., 
26,  1858,  p.  253  (part;  descr.  cf,  9,  excl.  hab.  Chamicuros) ;  idem,  Cat.  Coll. 
Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  188  (part;  spec,  a,  Guiana  [type],  c,  Cayenne);  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  88  (below  Poicares,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Amajau,  Rio 
Negro;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  576  (Mexiana  Isl.;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885, 
p.  428  (Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  290  (part;  spec,  a-n,  Mexiana,  Oyapoc,  Cayenne,  Guiana,  Camacusa; 
spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902, 
p.  78  (Maipures,  Altagracia,  Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Perico,  Munduapo, 
R.  Orinoco;  Suapure,  La  Union,  Nicare,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela);  MENEGAUX, 
Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  1904,  p.  176  (Camopi,  French  Guiana);  BERLEPSCH, 
Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  160  (R.  Approuague,  Oyapoc,  Cayenne),  320  (Cam- 
opi) ; HAGMANN,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  26,  1907,  p.  34  (Mexiana);  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  381  (Humaytha,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  range,  crit.); 
idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  360  (Calama,  S.  Isabel,  Rio  Preto,  R.  Madeira); 
idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  114,  120 
(Mexiana);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  287  (Mexiana);  idem, 
1.  c.,  61,  1913,  P-  529  (ecology);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  300  (I. 
Pirunum,  I.  Itaituna, R.  Tocantins;  Cussary ;  Cachoeira,  Rio  Purus;  Mexiana; 
S.  Antonio  da  Cachoeira,  Rio  Jary;  Arumanduba,  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda); 
BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  1917,  p.  132  (Bartica  Grove). 

Myrmoborus  mdanopogon  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916, 
p.  291  (R.  Orinoco,  from  Altagracia  to  above  the  Falls;  Caura  R.,  San  Feliz 
River,  near  its  junction  with  the  Cuchivero,  Venezuela). 

Hypocnemoides  melanopogon  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62, 
1918,  p.  69  (Paramaribo,  Lelydorp,  Javaweg,  Surinam);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit. 
Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  69  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Myrmoborus  obscurus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  9  (Cayenne; 
type  in  Heine  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =  o"  imm.). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela 
(Caura-Orinoco  basin);  northern  Brazil,  north  of  the  Amazon:  Isl. 
of  Mexiana,  north  bank  of  river  (Rio  Jary,  Arumanduba,  Obidos,  Rio 
Jamundd),  upper  Rio  Branco,  Rio  Negro  (from  the  mouth  of  the 
Amajau  up  to  Marabitanas) ;  south  of  the  Amazon :  islets  in  the  delta 
of  the  Tocantins;  Cussary;  Borba,  Calama,  S.  Isabel  on  the  right, 
Humaytha  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rio  Madeira;  Cachoeira,  on  the 
upper  Purus.' 

2:  Brazil  (Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista,  Rio  Branco  2). 

•  Brazilian  birds  (Mexiana,  Rio  Madeira)  appear  to  be  inseparable  from  those 
of  Guiana  and  Venezuela,  although  some  of  them  are  of  a  lighter,  more  bluish  slate 
gray  coloration.  A  single  male  from  Munduapo,  upper  Orinoco,  is  rather  darker  below 
than  any  other  example  and  lacks  the  whitish  suffusion  in  the  middle  of  the  belly. 

Material:  one  c?1  juv.  Cayenne  (type  of  M.  obscurus);  one  cf,  three  9  9 
French  Guiana;  four  cPd\  one  9  British  Guiana;  seven  o"o",  ten  9  9  Caura; 
five  cf  d\  two  9  9  Altagracia;  three  o"o",  one  9  Quiribana  de  Caicara;  one  d" 


246  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Hypocnemoides  maculicauda  (Pelzeln).   SPOTTED-TAILED  ANTCREEPER. 

Hypocnemis  maculicauda  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  89,  (Villa  Maria  = 
San  Luis  de  Caceres  [type],  Engenho  do  Gama  and  [Villa  Bella  de]  Matto 
Grosso:  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  291  (Matto  Grosso;  Nauta,  n.  Peru;  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.,  descr.  d");  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  442  (Rio  Jurua;  spec, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  I,  1907,  p.  222  (Rio  Jurua); 
SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  287  (S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  R.  Acara, 
R.  Capim,  Para  district;  crit.);  idem,  1.  c.,  56,  1908,  p.  17  (Cachoeira,  Ponto 
Alegre,  R.  Purvis),  513  (Isl.  Goyana,  R.  Tapaj6z);  idem,  1.  c.,  61,  1913,  p.  529 
(ecology) ;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  301  (Para,  S.  Antonio  do  Prata, 
R.  Capim,  R.  Acara,  Para  district;  Sta.  Julia,  R.  Iriri;  Isl.  Goyana,  R.  Tapa- 
j6z;  Tucunar6,  Boa  vista,  R.  Jamauchim;  Cachoeira,  Ponto  Alegre,  Rio 
Purtis);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  382  (range);  idem,  1.  c.,  17, 
1910,  p.  360  (Maroins,  Rio  Machados);  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  93  (Para  localities). 

Thamnophilus  maculicauda  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  499  (Rio  Capim). 

Hypocnemis  melanopogon  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  1857, 
p.  130  (part;  9  from  Chamicuros,  e.  Peru,  in  coll.  Gould,  now  in  Brit. 
Museum,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  253 
(part;  Chamicuros);  SCLATER  and  SAL VIN,  1.  c.,  1866,  p.  186  (Cashaboya, 
Ucayali;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  276  (Cashiboya, 
Ucayali);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  290  (part;  spec,  a-d, 
Rio  Javarri,  Elvira,  Chamicuros,  Cashiboya,  e.  Peru;  spec,  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Northern  and  western  Brazil,  only  south  of  the  Amazon, 
in  states  of  Para  (S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  Rio  Acara,  Rio  Capim;  Rio 
Iriri;  Ilha  Goyana,  R.  Tapajoz),  Amazonas  (S.  Paulo  d'Olivenca,  Rio 
Solimoes;  Rio  Jurud;  Rio  Purus;  Maroins,  Rio  Machados)  and  Matto 
Grosso  (Villa  Bella  de  Matto  Grosso  and  Engenho  do  Gama,  Rio 
Guapore";  Villa  Maria  =  San  Luis  de  Caceres,  upper  Paraguay); 
eastern  Peru  (Cashiboya,  Rio  Ucayali;  Chamicuros;  Rio  Javarri: 
Nauta  and  Elvira,  north  bank  of  R.  Maranon).B 

Caicara;  one  d"  Perico;  one  o"  Maipures;  one  o"  Munduapo,  R.  Orinoco;  three  d"  d", 
one  9  Rio  Negro;  three  d"d",  four  9  9  Mexiana;  three  d'cT1,  two  9  9  Humaytha; 
one  d",one  9  Borba;  four  d"c?,  seven  9  9  Calama;one  d\  two  9  9  S.  Isabel,  Rio 
Madeira. — C.  E.  H. 

•  I  am  not  certain  that  the  birds  from  Lower  Amazonia  are  absolutely  identical 
with  H.  maculicauda.  On  comparing  a  male  from  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Ilha  Goyana)  and  a 
female  from  Para  with  ten  from  Villa  Maria  and  Engenho  do  Gama,  I  notice  that  they 
differ  by  their  decidedly  shorter  white  tips  to  the  rectrices  (from  2>£  to  3^  against 
5  to  6  mm.  wide).  A  female  from  Maroins,  Rio  Machados,  agrees  with  those  from 
Matto  Grosso  in  tail  markings,  but  is  slightly  smaller,  like  those  from  Lower  Amazonia. 
The  few  Peruvian  birds  examined  by  me  are  nearer  the  latter.  More  material 
should  be  compared.  Examined:  seven  0*0%  three  9  9  w.  Matto  Grosso; 
two  0*0*,  one  juv.  S.  Paulo  d'Olivenca;  one  d"  Rio  Jurua;  one  c?1  Rio  Macha- 
dos; one  cf  Nauta;  one  d1  Rip  Javarri;  one  d1  ad.  Elvira;  one  d*  Cashiboya;  one  d1 
Chamicuros;  one  d1  R.  Tapaj6z;  one  d1  Para. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  247 

Genus  MYRMOCHANES  Allen.- 

Myrmochanes  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  95  (type  by  orig. 
desig.,  Myrmochanes  hypoleucus  ALLEN = Hypocnemis  hemileuca  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN). 

Myrmochanes  hemileucus  (Sclater  and  Salvin).    BLACK  AND  WHITE 
ANTCATCHER. 

Hypocnemis  hemileuca  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  186  (lower 

Ucayali,  e.  Peru;  type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr.  o*1  ad.) ; 

idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  276  (lower  Ucayali);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884, 

p.  70  (lower  Ucayali) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  291    (part; 

descr.  of  o*  onlyb);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  348  (crit.;  synon., 

range);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  222  (range);  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 

Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  361  (Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  crit.);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 

Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  301  ("Alto  Amazonas"). 
Terenura  melanoleuca  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  84,  157  (Borba, 

Rio  Madeira;  types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr.  o*  ad.). 
Myrmochanes  hypoleucus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  95 

(Reyes,  n.  Bolivia;  type  in  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.; 

descr.  o"). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  eastern  Ecuador  south  through 
eastern  Peru  (lower  Ucayali)  to  northern  Bolivia  (Reyes),  east  to 
Borba,  on  the  Rio  Madeira,  northern  Brazil.0 


Genus  GYMNOCICHLA  Sclater. 

Gymnocichla  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  274  (type  Myiothera  nudi- 
ceps  CASSIN). 

Gymnocichla  nudiceps   nudiceps    (Cassin).      BARE-CROWNED   ANT- 
CATCHER. 

Myiothera  nudiceps  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1850,  p.  106,  pi.  6  (Isthmus 
of  Panama). 

•  Myrmochanes  is  nearly  related  to  Hypocnemoides,  but  has  a  much  longer, 
more  depressed  as  well  as  more  strongly  ridged  bill,  narrower,  longitudinal  (instead 
of  roundish  oval)  nostrils;  proportionately  longer,  strongly  graduated  (instead  of 
gently  rounded)  tail,  the  outermost  rectrix  being  by  12  instead  of  3  to  4  mm. 
shorter  than  the  median. 

b  The  female  is  unknown  and  not  represented  in  the  British  Museum.  Sclater's 
description  was,  by  mistake,  based  on  the  9  of  Myrmoborus  melanurus  (ScL.  and 
SALV.).— C.  E.  H. 

•  Five  male  specimens,  all  of  which  have  been  examined  by  me,  are  the  only  ones 
known  of  this  rare  species:  the  type  from  the  lower  Ucayali,  secured  by  E.  Bartlett 
on  June  4,  1865;  the  two  originals  of  T.  melanoleuca,  taken  by  J.  Natterer  near 
Borba,  Rio  Madeira,  in  July  1830;  the  type  of  Myrmochanes  hypoleucus,  obtained 
by  H.  H.  Rusby  at  Reyes,  R.  Beni,  n.  Bolivia,  in  June  1886,  and  one  collected 
by  a  hunter  of  H.  Whitely,   Sr.,  October  26,   1878,  in  e.   Ecuador    (place   of 
capture  not  recorded),  in  the  Berlepsch  collection. — C.  E.  H. 


248  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Gymnocichla  nudiceps  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  274  (part;  Panama); 

idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  272  (part;  spec,  g-k,  Lion  Hill  Station, 

Panama);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  Feb.  1892, 

p.  223  (part;  Panama,  Lion  Hill  Station);  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool. 

CL,  2,  1900,  p.  24  (Loma  del  Leon,  Panama). 
Pithys  rufigularis  (not  of  SCLATER)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  1862, 

p.  293  (Lion  Hill,  Panama;  =  9). 
Myrmeciza  ferruginea  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  1862,  p.  470  (Lion  Hill, 

Panama;  =9  ad.;  see  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  356). 
Myrmdastes  corvinus  LAWRENCE,  Ibis,  5,   1863,  p.   182   (Lion  Hill,  Panama; 

=  o"  imm.). 
Myrmelastes  lawrencii  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,   Biol.   Centr.-Americ.,   Aves,   2, 

1892,  p.  226  (new  name  for  Myrmelastes  corvinus  LAWRENCE';  hab.  part, 

Panama). 
Myrmelastes  ceterus  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  Sept.   1900,  p.  25 

(Loma  del  Leon,  Panama;  =  o71  imm.). 
Gymnocichla  nudiceps  nudiceps  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 

p.  99  (monogr. ;  Panama,  and  nw.  Colombia,  Atrato  R.);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac. 

N.  Sci.  Phila.,  70,  1918,  p.  261  (Gatun,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone). 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Canal  Zone:  Lion  Hill,  Gatun,  Taber- 
nilla) and,  according  to  Ridgway,  adjacent  portion  of  northwestern 
Colombia  (Rio  Atrato). 


Gymnocichla     nudiceps     sancta-martae    Ridgway.*     SANTA    MARTA 
BARE-CROWNED  ANTCATCHER. 

Gymnocichla  nudiceps  sancta-martae  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  Oct. 

1908,  p.i  94  ("Santa  Marta,"  Colombia);  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 

1911,  p.  99  in  key  ("Santa  Marta");  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 

Mus.,  14,  1922,  p.  304  (crit.). 
Gymnocichla  nudiceps  sanctae-martae  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 

36,  1917,  p.  385  (Nare,  near  Puerto  Berrio,  lower  Magdalena  River). 
Gymnocichla  nudiceps  (not  of  CASSIN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  274 

(part;  "Santa  Marta");  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,   1890,  p.  272   (part; 

spec.  1,  "Santa  Marta"). 

Range:  Northeastern  Colombia  ("Santa  Marta")8,  through  the 
Magdalena  Valley  at  least  as  far  south  as  Puerto  Berrio. 

*  Myrmelastes  lawrencii  SALV.  and  GODM.  was  proposed  as  a  substitute  for  M.  cor- 
vinus LAWR.,  considered  to  be  preoccupied  by  Thamnophilus  corvinus  of  earlier 
date,  and  it  is  of  no  consequence  whatever  that  the  male  from  Mina  de  Chorcha, 
Chiriqui,  described  by  the  same  authors,  turns  out  to  belong  to  another  race. 

b  Gymnocichla  nudiceps  sancta-martae  RIDGWAY:  The  male  of  this  form,  with  which 
we  are  not  acquainted,  is  described  as  being  similar  to  G.  n.  nudiceps,  but  with  the 
posterior  under  parts  duller  (blackish  slate),  and  a  much  larger  white  interscapular 
patch;  female,  according  to  Todd,  differing  from  that  of  G.  n.  erratilis  by  sepia  (in- 
stead of  raw  umber)  upper  parts. 

•  Its  occurrence  in  the  Santa  Marta  region  requires  confirmation. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  249 

*Gymnocichla  nudiceps  erratilis  Bangs.   COSTA  RICAN  BARE-CROWNED 

ANTCATCHER. 

Gymnocichla  nudiceps  erratilis  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  1907,  p.  297  (Boruca,  sw.  Costa 
Rica);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  620  (southwestern  Pacific 
lowlands  of  Costa  Rica,  north  to  Pigres,  Gulf  of  Nicoya);  RIDGWAY,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  101  (sw.  Costa  Rica;  w.  Panama). 

Gymnocichla  nudiceps  (not  of  CASSIN)  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  195 
(Mina  de  Chorcha,  Bugaba,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  272  (part;  spec,  a-f,  Mina  de  Chorcha,  Bugaba,  Chiri- 
qui; Chitra,  Veragua);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  a, 
1892,  p.  223  (part;  same  localities). 

Myrmelastes  lawrencii  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  a, 
1892,  p.  226  (part;  spec,  ex  Mina  de  Chorcha,  Chiriqui). 

Range:  Pacific  lowlands  of  southwestern  Costa  Rica  (Boruca, 
Pozo  del  Rio  Grande,  Terraba,  Paso  Real  de  Terraba,  Buenos  Aires, 
El  General)  north  to  the  Gulf  of  Nicoya  (Pigres),  and  western  Panama 
(slopes  of  the  Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  and  Chitra,  Cordillera  of  Veragua).* 

2:   Costa  Rica  (Buenos  Aires  i,  Terraba  i). 

*Gymnocichla  nudiceps  chiroleuca  Sclater  and  Salvin.   BARE-FRONTED 
ANTCATCHER. 

Gymnocichla  chiroleuca  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  417  (Tucur- 
riqui,  e.  Costa  Rica;  descr.  o*);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  272 
(same  locality);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  a,  1892, 
p.  224  (Omoa,  Santa  Ana,  Honduras;  Tucurriqui,  Costa  Rica);  RIDGWAY, 
Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  14,  1891,  p.  469  (Santa  Ana,  Honduras;  descr.  $  and 
d"  juv.);  RICHMOND,  1.  c.,  16,  1893,  p.  501  (Rio  Escondido,  Nicaragua;  hab- 
its); DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  No.  3,  1907,  p.  109 
(Los  Amates,  Guatemala) ;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 191 1,  p.  101 
(part;  e.  Costa  Rica,  through  Nicaragua  and  Honduras  to  Guatemala, 
excl.  w.  Panama). 

Gymnocichla  cheiroleuca  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  621  (Carib- 
bean lowlands  of  Costa  Rica;  habits). 

Myrmelastes  lawrencii  (not  of  SALVIN  and  GODMAN)  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  502  (Rio  Escondido,  Nicaragua). 

Range:  From  eastern  Costa  Rica  through  Nicaragua  and  Honduras 
north  to  eastern  Guatemala  (Los  Amates,  Isabel). 

8:  Guatemala  (Los  Amates,  Isabel  2);  Nicaragua  (Matagalpa  2, 
San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  4). 

•  All  Chiriqui  specimens,  including  two  females,  seen  by  me  are  referable  to  erratilis 
rather  than  nudiceps.  The  reference  M.  lawrencii  SALVIN  and  GODMAN  from  Mina 
do  Chorcha,  Chiriqui,  inadvertently  placed  in  the  synonymy  of  G.  chiroleuca, 
induced  R.  Ridgway  to  extend  its  range  to  w.  Panama.  The  specimens  in  the  British 
Museum,  however,  clearly  pertain  to  erratilis. — C.  E.  H. 


250  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Genus  PERCNOSTOLA  Cabanis  and  Heine. 

Percnostola  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  10  (type  by  subs,  desig., 
SCLATER,  1890,  Lanius  funebris  LICHTENSTEIN  =  Turdus  rufifrons  GMELIN). 

Percnostola  rufifrons  rufifrons  (Gmelin).    BLACK-HEADED  FIRE-EYE. 

Turdus  rufus  (not  of  LINNAEUS,  1758)  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  1783,  p.  39 
(based  on  "Le  Merle  roux,  de  Cayenne,"  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.,  644,  fig.  i 
1=91). 

Turdus  rufifrons  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  x,  (2),  1789,  p.  825  (based  on  the  same). 

Myrmothera  atricapitta  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  12,  1817, 
p.  115  (Cayenne;  descr.  o"  ad.). 

Lanius  funebris  LICHTENSTEIN,  Veiz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  47  (Cayenne; 
descr.  o*  ad.). 

Lanius  caesius  (Cuvier  Ms.)  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855,  P-  33O 
(Cayenne;  descr.  d"  ad.;  type  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Thamnophilus  caesius  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  April  1855,  p.  19,  pi.  82 
(o",  9)  (British  Guiana) ;  idem,  Edinb.  New  Philos.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  x,  1855, 
p.  248  (Brit.  Guiana;  descr.  d\  9);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  212 
(Cayenne,  Brit.  Guiana). 

Pyriglena  funebris  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  1848,  p.  684 
(coastal  forests  of  Brit.  Guiana);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  429  (ex  Schomburgk). 

Percnostola  funebris  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  10  (Surinam); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  185  (Cayenne);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras., 
2,  1868,  p.  86,  note  i  (part;  Cayenne);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  273  (part;  spec,  a-e,  Cayenne);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10, 
1904,  p.  176  (Saint-Georges-d'Oyapoc,  Camopi,  Mahury,  Ouanary,  French 
Guiana);  PENARD,  Vog.  Guyana,  2,  1910,  p.  323  (Surinam). 

Percnostola  rufa  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (9th  ser.), 
8,  1906,  p.  35  (Cayenne;  note  on  type  of  L.  caesius);  MENEGAUX,  Bull. 
Mus.  Paris,  14,  1908,  p.  13  (Cayenne);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908, 
p.  161  (Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague),  320  (localities  in  French  Guiana) ;  JHERJNG, 
Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  x,  1907,  p.  218  (part;  Guyana). 

Percnostola  rufifrons  rufifrons  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bayern,  8,  1908, 
p.  140  (monogr.,  descr.  o",  9  ;  French  Guiana,  Surinam,  Brit.  Guiana). 

Percnostola  rufifrons  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914.  P-  306  (S.  Antonio 
da  Cachoeira,  Rio  Jary;  Obidos);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  62,  No.  2,  1918,  p.  68  (Rijsdigkweg,  Altonaweg,  Surinam);  CHUBB, 
Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  54  (British  Guiana,  many  localities). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  on  the 
north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon,  east  of  the  Rio  Trombetas  (Rio 
Jary,  Obidos). 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  251 

*Percnostola  rufifrons  subcristata    Hellmayr.*    HELLMAYR'S  BLACK- 
HEADED  FIRE-EYE. 

Percnostola  rufifrons  subcristata  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bayern,  8,  1908, 

p.  142  (Barra  do  Rio  Negro  =  Manaos,  n.  Brazil);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 

Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  307  (Rio  Jamunda,  Fard). 
Percnostola  funebris  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  86 

(part;  Barra  do  Rio  Negro;  "Marabitanas,"  errore!);  SCLATER,    Cat.    B. 

Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  273  (part;  spec,  f,  g,  Barra  do  Rio  Negro). 
Percnostola  rufa  (not  of  BODDAERT)  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  x,  1907,  p.  218 

(part;  [Barra  do]  Rio  Negro). 

Range:    North  Brazil,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon, 
from  the  Rio  Trombetas  (Rio  Jamundd,  Itacoatiara)  west  to  Manaos. 
i:   Brazil  (Itacoatiard). 

Percnostola  rufifrons  minor  Pelzeln.b   SMALLER  BLACK-HEADED  FIRE- 
EYE. 

Percnostola  minor  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  86,  159  (S.  Isabel  [type], 

Marabitanas,  Rio  Xie,  upper  Rio  Negro;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined 

by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  274  (Marabitanas); 

JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  218  (Rio  Negro);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 

Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  307  (Rio  Negro). 
Percnostola  rufifrons  minor  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bayern,  8,  1908,  p.  143 

(monogr.;  descr.  o",  9  ;  upper  Rio  Negro;  Nauta,  ne.  Peru). 
Percnostola  funebris  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

1866,  p.  186  (Nauta);  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  275  (Nauta);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 

Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  273  (part.,  spec,  j,  Nauta);  TACZANOWSKI,   Orn.   Perou, 

2,  1884,  p.  57  (part;  Nauta). 

Range:  Northwestern  Brazil,  on  the  upper  stretches  of  the  Rio 
Negro  (S.  Isabel,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Xie"),  and  northeastern  Peru 
(Nauta,  north  bank  of  R.  Marafion). 

•  Percnostola  rufifrons  subcristata  HELLMAYR:  Differs  from  P.  r.  rufifrons  in  less 
crested  pileum,  much  smaller  bill,  and  lesser  development  of  the  naked  postocular 
patch;  male  with  pileum  dull  black  as  in  the  typical  race,  but  plumage  lighter  slate 
gray,  particularly  on  sides  of  head;  female  with  forehead  broadly  bright  ferruginous, 
crown  deep  rufous  brown  (instead  of  black),  sides  of  head  deeper  ferruginous, 
back  washed  with  olivaceous,  and  flanks  paler  brownish.  Wing  (three  <?  cT  ad.)  75-77, 
(three  9  9)  71-73;  tail,  61-62,  (9)  58-64;  bill,  19-20.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Percnostola  rufifrons  minor  PELZELN:  Differs  from  P.  r.  subcristata  by  slenderer 
bill,  much  shorter  tail,  more  restricted  naked  postocular  spot,  and  shorter  crest 
feathers.  The  sides  of  the  head,  in  the  male,  are  lighter  gray,  and  the  feathers  of  the 
pileum,  instead  of  being  uniform  black,  are  conspicuously  edged  with  slate  gray. 
Female  agrees  with  subcristata  in  deep  rufous  brown  crown,  but  has  the  front  and  sides 
of  the  head  lighter  ferruginous,  the  edges  to  the  upper  wing  coverts  narrower  and 
paler  buff,  while  below  only  throat  and  foreneck  are  lighter  ferruginous,  passing 
into  ochraceous  buff  on  middle  of  belly.  Wing  (seven  c?  d")  68-73,  (two  9  9  ) 
65-68;  tail  47-52;  bill  17 X-I9- 

A  single  o"  from  Nauta  (in  very  poor  condition)  differs  from  the  typical  series 
merely  by  its  lighter,  nearly  slate  gray  pileum.  It  measures:  wing  69;  tail  50. — 
C.  E.  H. 


252  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Genus  SCLATERIA  Oberholser. 

Holocnemis  (not  of  SCHILLING,  1829)  STRICKLAND,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  13, 
1844,  p.  475  (type  Holocnemis  flammata  STRICKLAND  =  Sitta  naevia  GMELIN). 

Helerocnemis  (not  of  ALBERS,  1852)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  Dec.  1855,  p.  146 
(new  name  for  Holocnemis  STRICKLAND). 

Sclateria  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  1899,  p.  209  (new  name  for 
Heterocnemis  SCLATER). 

Sclateria  naevia  naevia  (Gmelin).   STRIPED  ANTCATCHER. 

Sitta  naevia  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i,  (i),  1788,  p.  442  (based  on  "The  Wall-creeper 
of  Surinam,"  EDWARDS,  Glean.  Nat.  Hist.,  3,  1764,  p.  284,  pi.  346,  lower 
fig.  [  =  cf  ad.],  Surinam). 

Turdus  lineatus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i,  (2),  1789,  p.  828  (based  on  "Le  Four- 
millier  griveld,  de  Cayenne"  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.,  823,  fig.  i  [  =  9],  Cayenne). 

Holocnemis  flammata  STRICKLAND,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  1844,  p.  415, 
pi.  13  (=  cfjuv.).  ("Hab.  unknown,  though  doubtless  American,"  type  now 
in  Mus.  Cambridge,  England). 

Formicarius  lineatus  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  1866,  p.  192  (Trinidad). 

Holocnemis  lineata  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  214  (descr.  <f); 
idem,  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  1848,  p.  683  (coastal  forests 
of  British  Guiana). 

Holocnemis  naevius  STRICKLAND,  Contrib.  to  Ornith.,  1849,  p.  34-6,  pi.  18  (=  cf 
and  9)  (Trinidad). 

Heterocnemis  naevia  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  247  (descr.  cf,  9 );  idem, 
Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  186  (Berbice,  Brit.  Guiana);  SALVIN,  Ibis, 
1885,  p.  427  (Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  275  (Cayenne,  Camacusa);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
6,  1894,  p.  52  (Trinidad);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  1904,  p.  176 
(St.  Georges  d'Oyapock,  French  Guiana);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55, 
1907,  p.  286  (S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  Para,  Rio  Acara). 

Sclateria  naevia  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  33  (Trinidad);  BERLEPSCH, 
Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  160  (Approuague,  Ipousin,  French  Guiana),  320 
(St.  Georges  d'Oyapock) ;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Akad. 
Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1911,  p.  48  (Peixe-Boi,  Para,  Rio  Acara),  93  (Pard  locali- 
ties); SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  61,  1913,  p.  528  (habits);  idem,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  303  (Para,  Ilha  das  Ongas,  S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  Rio 
Acara);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  65,  1913,  p.  202  (Cafio  Vagre, 
Orinoco  delta);  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  1917,  p.  499  in 
text  (Cayenne,  Surinam;  Miritiba,  Maranhao);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull. 
Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  1918,  p.  69  (Paramaribo,  Lelydorp,  Surinam);  CHUBB, 
Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  56  (British  Guiana). 

Sclateria  naevia  trinitatis  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  Dec.  1917, 
p.  499  (Caparo,  Trinidad)'. 

a  Comparison  of  nineteen  specimens  from  Trinidad  with  thirty-one  from  the 
continent  fails  to  substantiate  the  distinctness  of  the  insular  race.  The  individual 
variation  which  is  much  greater  than  the  describers  of  trinitatis  suspected  is  par- 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  253 

Range:  Trinidad;  northeastern  Venezuela:  Orinoco  delta;  British, 
Dutch  and  French  Guiana,  south  to  northeastern  Brazil  (Para  dis- 
trict, east  of  the  Tocantins;  State  of  Maranhao  (Miritiba). 

Sclateria  naevia  diaphora  Todd.*  CAURA  RIVER  ANTCATCHER. 

Sclateria  naevia  diaphora  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  Aug.  1913,  p.  172 

(Rio  Mocho,  R.  Caura,  Venezuela;  type  in  Carnegie  Museum  examined  by 

C.  E.  H.). 
Heterocnemis  argentata  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  76 

(part;  o"  juv.,  La  Union,  Caura  R.;  spec,  in  Tring  Museum  examined  by 

C.  E.  H.). 
Sclateria  schistacea  caurensis  (not  of  HELLMAYR)  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst., 

Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  287  (La  Union,  Caura;  ex  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT). 

Range:  Eastern  Venezuela  (Caura  Valley  and  its  affluent,  the  Rio 
Mocho). 

Sclateria  naevia  toddi  Hellmayr,  subsp.  nov.b     TAPAj6z  ANTCATCHER. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil  (Santarem,  Rio  Tapajoz). 

ticularly  well  illustrated  by  an  excellent  series  from  French  Guiana  (Cayenne,  Mana, 
Oyapock)  kindly  loaned  by  the  Carnegie  Museum.  In  the  male  the  upper  surface 
varies  from  slate  gray  to  nearly  blackish  slate,  while  the  under  parts  are  exceedingly 
variable  as  to  ground  color  and  amount  of  white  markings,  some  specimens  being 
deep  slate  color  with  relatively  narrow,  lanceolate  white  stripes,  others  with  the 
white  predominating  and  the  lighter  slate  gray  mainly  restricted  to  the  margins  of 
the  feathers.  These  pale-bellied  examples  are  in  no  way  distinguishable  from  the 
average  of  Trinidad  birds  and,  moreover,  one  of  the  latter  (Munich  Museum, 
No.  12,892  o*  ad.  Caparo,  April  19,  1912)  very  nearly  matches  the  darkest  extreme 
from  French  Guiana  (Carnegie  Museum,  No.  63,553).  The  three  females  from  Trini- 
dad in  the  Tring  Museum  happen  to  be  much  paler  than  those  from  other  locali- 
ties in  the  same  collection,  but  other  material  examined  by  me  does  not  bear  out 
any  of  the  differences.  Seven  skins  from  the  Pard  district  (Pard,  Peixe-Boi,  Bene- 
vides,  Acara)  and  a  male  from  Maranhao  (Miritiba)  are  identical  with  the  Guiana 
series.— C.  E.  H. 

•  Sclateria  naevia  diaphora  TODD:  Male  differs  from  S.  n.  naevia  in  its  dark  under 
parts,  the  white  streaking  being  confined  to  a  number  of  narrow,  rather  indistinct 
stripes  on  foreneck  and  chest,  becoming  evanescent  on  abdomen;  and  in  the  white 
apical  spots,  so  conspicuous  on  all  the  upper  wing  coverts  in  the  other  races,  being 
much  smaller  and  mainly  confined  to  the  greater  series.  Female  much  brighter,  more 
of  an  ochraceous  tawny  underneath  without  any  trace  of  the  dusky  mottling. 
Size  somewhat  less:  wing  (d")  69,  (  9 )  66,  68;  tail  48-49;  bill  22-23^. — C.  E.  H. 

bSclateria  naevia  toddi  HELLMAYR,  subsp.  nov. :  Male  similar  to  S.  n.  naevia  in 
amount  of  white  wing  spotting,  but  under  parts  whiter,  with  slate  gray  edges  lighter 
and  much  reduced  in  extent,  and  lower  tail  coverts  largely  spotted  and  edged  with 
white.  Female  distinguishable  by  its  pure  white  throat;  much  deeper  ochraceous 
chest;  decidedly  more  rufescent  brown  flanks;  more  buffy  sides  of  head;  and  by 
lacking  the  dusky  mottling  and  striping  on  the  lower  parts,  some  of  the  lateral 
breast  feathers  only  showing  slight  brownish  edges  to  the  buffy  central  stripes. 
Wing  (c?)  7073,  (9)  66-70;  tail  51-55;  bill  22^-23^. 

This  new  race,  by  the  coloration  of  the  under  parts,  forms  the  connecting  link 
to  5.  n.  argentata,  which,  in  the  male  sex,  sometimes  shows  a  few  slate  gray  edges  on 
the  foreneck  and  chest.  One  of  the  females  from  Santarem  is  hardly  distinguishable 
from  that  of  the  upper  Amazonian  race.  From  S.  n.  diaphora  the  female  of  the  present 


254  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 
Sclateria  naevia  argentata  (Des  Murs).  WHITE-BREASTED  ANTCATCHER. 

Htrpsilochmus  argentatus  DES  MURS  in  Castelnau,  Exp6d.  Amer.  Sud,  Zool.,  i, 
Oiseaux,  livr.i  8,  June  1856,  p.  53,  pi.  17,  fig.  2  ( =  d"  imm.)  (Nauta,  ne.  Peru; 
type  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Myrmeciza  argentata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  250  (Nauta) ;  idem,  Cat. 
Coll.  Amer.  B.f  1862,  p.  187  (e.  Peru). 

Heterocnemis  argentata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  749  ("Oyapoc,  Cay- 
enne""); SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  275  (Chamicuros,  e.  Peru); 
TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  59  (Nauta,  Chamicuros);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  277  (descr.  c? ,  9  ;  "Oyapoc,  Cayenne"*; 
Iquitos,  Loretoyacu,  Chamicuros,  e.  Peru;  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador b);  BER- 
LEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  76  (part;  Maipures,  R.  Ori- 
noco; spec,  in  Tring  Museum  examined). 

Sclateria  argentata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.), 
8,  1906,  p.  35  (Nauta;  crit.  on  type);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun. 
Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  219  (range);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  375 
(Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  352  (Rio  Madeira);  BER- 
LEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  161  ("Oyapoc,"  ex  SCLATER);  SNETHLAGE, 
Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  17  (Ponto  Alegre,  Rio  Purvis);  idem,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  303  (same  locality). 

Heterocnemis  albiventris  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  87,  161  (Salto  do 
Girao  [type],  Guajaraguacu,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro; 
Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso,  w.  Matto  Grosso;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined)*. 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  the  Rio  Madeira  and  the  upper 
Rio  Negro  (Marabitanas)  west  to  eastern  Peru  and  eastern  Ecuador, 
south  to  western  Matto  Grosso  (Rio  Guapore*),  north  to  Maipures, 
Orinoco  R.,  Venezuela. 

*Sclateriad    schistacea    schistacea    (Sclater).     SLATE-COLORED    ANT- 
CATCHER. 

Hypocnemis  schistacea  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  252  (Rio  Javarri, 
ne.  Peru;  type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =  o"  ad.);  idem, 

form  may  be  separated  by  its  whiter  throat  and  middle  of  the  abdomen. 

Type  in  Carnegie  Museum,  No.  71603  d"  ad.  Santarem,  Rio  Tapaj6z,  March  28, 
1919-  S.  M.  Klages.— C.  E.  H. 

•  The  bird  in  the  British  Museum  labeled  "Oyapoc,  Cayenne",  on  the  authority 
of  Mme.  Verdey,  actually  pertains  to  this  form,  but  the  locality  is  no  doubt  errone- 
ous.—C.  E.  H. 

b  Specimen  "b"  from  Bartica  Grove,  British  Guiana,  proves  to  be  a  young 
male  of  S.  schistacea  leucostigma  (PELZ.). — C.  E.  H. 

0  The  types  of  H.  albiventris  PELZ.  from  the  Rio  Madeira  are  indistinguishable 
from  Peruvian  and  Orinocan  specimens.  Two  males  from  w.  Matto  Grosso,  described 
by  Pelzeln  as  "Mas  junior,"  have  more  slate  gray  along  the  flanks,  and  the  feathers 
of  the  chest  margined  with  the  same,  while  two  females  also  present  several  slight 
differences.  They  form  the  transition  to  the  race  found  on  the  banks  of  the 
Tapaj6z.— C.  E.  H. 

d  I  feel  very  doubtful  as  to  the  systematic  position  of  this  and  the  succeeding 
species.  The  genera  Myrmeciza  and  Sclateria  are  exceedingly  close  in  structural 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  255 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  287  (Rio  Javarri);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn. 
P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  69  (ex  SCLATER);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1896,  p.  384  (La  Merced,  La  Gloria,  Borgofia,  Chanchamayo,  Dept. 
Junin;  specimens  examined);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  298 
(ex  SCLATER). 

Sclateria  schistacea  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  1906,  p.  n8  (Huay- 
napata,  Marcapata;  spec,  examined);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 
1914,  p.  304  (diag.;  Rio  Javarri). 

Sclateria  schistacea  schistacea  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  344,  347  (crit., 
descr.  d",  9 ;  Rio  Javarri;  La  Gloria,  Borgona,  Chanchamayo;  Pozuzo, 
Prov.  Huanuco;  Marcapata,  Peru);  idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10, 
1920,  p.  105  (Chaquimayo). 

Range:  Eastern,  central  and  southeastern  Peru,  in  depts.  Loreto 
(Rio  Javarri),  Huanuco  (Pozuzo,  Vista  Alegre,  Huachipa),  Junin 
(Chanchamayo  district),  Cuzco  (Marcapata)  and  northern  Puno 
(Chaquimaj'o,  Sierra  of  Carabaya).a 

4:   Peru  (Vista  Alegre  i,  Huachipa  3). 

details.  There  is  certainly  no  difference  with  respect  to  the  adhesion  of  the  toes, 
the  second  phalanx  of  the  middle  toe  being  entirely  free  in  the  genotypes  of  both 
genera  (S.  naevia  and  M.  longipes),  as  well  as  in  S.  caurensis  and  the  members  of  the 
5.  schistacea  group.  In  S.  naevia  the  acrotarsium  is  generally  fused  into  a  single 
lamina,  though  in  some  specimens  obsolete  divisions  are  still  discernible.  Most  of 
the  individuals  of  S.  s.  leucostigma  also  have  a  single  lamina.  S.  s.  schistacea  and 
S.  s.  subplumbea,  as  a  rule,  show  very  distinct  scutes,  yet  in  two  skins  of  the  latter 
they  are  almost  completely  fused.  S.  caurensis  occupies  an  intermediate  position, 
having  two  slight  divisions  on  the  lower  part  of  the  acrotarsium.  While  S.  leucos- 
tigma, in  shape  of  bill,  comes  nearest  to  S.  naevia,  S.  s.  schistacea  has  a  much  shorter, 
laterally  less  compressed  bill.  S.  caurensis,  by  its  more  graduated  tail  and  less 
compact  feathering  of  forehead,  approaches  Myrmeciza,  while  its  bill  is  not  unlike 
that  of  S.  leucostigma,  though  proportionately  larger  and  stronger.  Yet  in  style  of 
coloration  it  agrees  so  closely  with  the  members  of  the  S.  schistacea  group  that  I 
cannot  possibly  refer  it  to  another  genus.  It  is  an  open  question,  however,  whether 
it  would  not  be  preferable  to  restrict  the  genus  Sclateria  to  the  5.  naevia  group  or 
to  merge  it  with  Myrmeciza. — C.  E.  H. 

•The  type  from  the  Rio  Javarri  is  slightly  smaller  than  males  from  Chancha- 
mayo and  Huanuco  (Pozuzo,  Vista  Alegre,  Huachipa),  but  agrees  in  coloration.  In 
three  females  from  Huanuco  (Pozuzo,  Huachipa)  and  Junin  (Tulumayo)  the  crown 
and  sides  of  the  head  are  dark  slate  gray,  in  strong  contrast  to  the  rufous  brown  back. 
Two  females  from  Marcapata  and  one  from  Chaquimayo,  Peru,  have  the  same  parts 
dark  olive  brown,  and  the  flanks  strongly  washed  with  brown,  and  may  belong  to 
a  different  race  which  I  am,  however,  unwilling  to  separate  without  knowledge  of 
the  male. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL            BILL 

One  o"  o"  ad.,  Rio  Javarri  (type)                   63  49                17!^ 

Two  0*0*  ad.,  Chanchamayo                       68,68  51,54            i8,i8# 

Three  d"  d"  ad.  Dept.  Huanuco                  66,67,67  50.52,53         17.18,18 

Two  9  9  ad.  Dept.  Huanuco                      64,68  54.54              17,18 

Two  9  9  ad.  Marcapata,  Cuzco                  69,70  57.57             J 

One  9  ad.  Chaquimayo,  Carabaya               69  58 


256  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Sclateria  schistacea  subplumbea  (Sclater  and  Sdlvin).*    UPPER  AMA- 
ZONIAN ANT  CAT  CHER. 

Dysithamnus  subplumbeus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1880,  p.  158 
(Sarayacu  [type],  Zamora,  e.  Ecuador;  Iquitos,  ne.  Peru;  spec,  in  British 
Museum  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  226  (same 
localities). 

Dysithamnus  plumbeus  (not  of  WIED)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  457 
(Zamora,  e.  Ecuador);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  178  (part; 
spec,  d,  Zamora). 

Sclateria  schistacea  subplumbea  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  345,  347 
(crit.,  descr.  cT,  9 ;  Sarayacu,  Zamora,  e.  Ecuador;  Iquitos,  ne.  Peru;  "Bo- 
gota"; Rio  Meta,  e.  Colombia);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914, 
p.  304  (range). 

Heterocnemis  leucostigma  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  276  (part;  spec.  1-p,  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  "Bogotd,"  in  Brit.  Mus. 
examined). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  eastern  Colombia  ("Bogotd"; 
Rio  Meta,  on  the  way  from  Villa vicencio  to  Medina;  La  Morelia, 
Caqueta' b)  through  eastern  Ecuador  to  the  north  bank  of  the  Maranon 
(Iquitos),  northeastern  Peru.* 

*Sclateria    schistacea    leucostigma    (Pelzeln).      SPOT-WINGED    ANT- 
CATCHER. 

Percnostola  leucostigma  PELZELN,  Ornith.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  i868,d  p.  86,  160  (Barra 
do  Rio  Negro  =  Manaos  [type];  Marabitanas,  Rio  Vaup6,  Rio  Negro  dis- 
trict; Cayenne;  specimens  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Heterocnemis  leucostigma  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  427  (Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa, 
Merum6  Mts.,  British  Guiana);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  276  (part;  spec,  a-j,  Surinam,  Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Takutu  River, 
British  Guiana). 

•  Sclateria  schistacea  subplumbea   (ScL.  and  SALV.)  :   Differs  from  5.  s.  schistacea 
of  c.  Peru  in  generally  larger  bill  with  lighter  mandible,  lighter  slate  gray  under 
parts  and  less  blackish  crown  in  the  male;  less  castaneous  back,  but  somewhat  deeper 
chestnut  under  parts  in  the  female  sex.    The  difference  in  size  is  far  from  constant, 
though  specimens  from  north  of  the  Maranon  generally  have  a  larger,  stronger  bill. 
The  apical  spots  on  the  wing  coverts  in  the  male  are  small  white  dots  as  in  5.  s.  schis- 
tacea.  Material:  five  cfcf,  two  9  9  "Bogot£";one  o71  juv.,  one  9  La  Morelia,  Ca- 
quetd;  one  o"  ad.  Sarayacu  (type),  one  o"  juv.  Zamora;  four  o"  o",  three   9  9   Rio 
Suno  above  Avila,  e.  Ecuador;  two  0*0"  ad.  Iquitos,  ne.  Peru. — C.  E.  H. 

b  An  adult  female  and  a  young  male,  secured  by  Leo  E.  Miller  in  July  1912,  in 
the  collection  of  the  Amer.  Mus.  of  Nat.  Hist. — C.  E.  H. 

•  In  the  absence  of  adults  it  is  impossible  to  ascertain  whether  a  young  female 
from  Xeberos,  n.  Peru,  should  be  referred  to  this  or  the  preceding  race 

d  The  second  part  of  Pelzeln's  "Ornithologie  Brasiliens"  was  issued  late  in 
September  1868,  according  to  information  received  from  the  publisher.  See  also 
CABANIS  (Journ.  Ornith.,  1868,  p.  409)  who  exhibited  a  copy  at  the  Annual  Meeting 
of  the  German  Ornithological  Society,  held  at  Berlin  on  October  6,  1868. 


i924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS— CORY. 

*5  / 

Sclateria  leucostigma  BERLEPSCH    Nov    7™i 

Sclatena  schistacea  leucostigma  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool 
descr.  rf.    o;  Manaos,  Rj-  " — '    ^ 


«aa    errore      CLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit   Mus     „ 
(part;  spec,  b,  Bartica  Grove,  examined  by  C  EH)  5>      9  '  P' 


.  :  British  Guiana  (Rio  Carimang  ,)  ;  BraZil  (Conceisao,  Rio  Branco  i). 
Sclateria  schistacea  humaythae  ^«wayr..  HUMAVTHA  ANTCATCHER 

Sclalma  srtutaaa  humalka  ,  Bull.  Brit    Orn    Cl     1O    P  h 


Sclateria  schistacea  saturata  (s«W«)>  ROEAIMA  ANTCATCHER 

ittt' 

p.  276  (Roraima). 


Range:  Roraima  Mts.,  British  Guiana 

ades  of  tEe  head  ochraceous  buff  S  a  brown  m^h?  pay)'  the  lorcs  and 
lars  (instead  of  uniform  slate  gra™  the  ^SZ'SSi  hriES'T  P°rti°»  of  auricu- 
deep  ferrugmous),  and  the  upplr  surfacl  muc?S?  r  hf  f1"510^^  (instead  of 
of  deg,  rufou,  brown,. 


258  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Sclateria  caurensis  Hellmayr.*  CAURA  ANTCATCHER. 

Sclateria  schistacea  caurensis  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  19,  1906,  p.  9 

(Caura  River  [  =  Turagua  Mts.],  Venezuela);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst., 

Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  287  (part). 
Myrmeciza  schistacea  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  1913,  p.  172  (El  Llaguah 

Caura  River,  Venezuela;  type  in  Carnegie  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 

CHERRIE,  1.  c.,  2,  1916,  p.  288  (El  Llagual;  ex  TODD). 

Range:   Eastern  Venezuela,  Caura  River  (Turagua  Mt.,  El  Llagual). 


Genus  MYRMECIZA  Gray. 

Myrmeciza  GRAY,  List  Genera  Birds,  2d  edit.,  1841,  p.  34  (type  by  orig.  desig., 
Drymophila  longipes  SwAlNSONb). 

Myrmonax  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  210  (new  name  for  Myrme- 
ciza GRAY  on  grounds  of  purism). 

Myrmelastes  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  274  (type  by  subs,  desig., 
Sclater,  1890,  Myrmelastes  plumbeus  SCLATER  =  Thamnophilus  hyperythrus 
SCLATER). 


*Myrmeciza  longipes  longipes  (Swainson).    SWAINSON'S  ANTCATCHER. 

Drymophila  longipes  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  No.  6,  July  1825,  p.  152  ("from 
some  part  of  Brazil  [I  was  told  from  Rio  de  Janeiro],"  errore!,  as  type  local- 
ity, Trinidad  suggested  by  Hellmayr,  1906;  descr.  d"  ad.);  idem,  Zool.  Illustr., 
(2d  ser.),  i,  No.  5,  1829,  text  to  pi.  23  ("M.  grattatoria")  (fig.  of  type  speci- 
men0). 

Myrmonax  longipes  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  64  (ex 
SWAINSON). 

Myrmeciza  longipes  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  249  (part;  hab.  Ven- 
ezuela, Trinidad);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  278  (part;  spec,  a, 
b,  Puerto  Cabello,  Venezuela;  Trinidad). 

Myrmeciza  longipes  longipes  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  33  (Chaguara- 
mas,  Laventille,  Caparo,  Trinidad);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull., 
i,  No.  13,  1908,  p.  366  (Carenage,  Trinidad). 

Formicarius  longipes  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  1866,  p.  191  (Trinidad). 

6  Sclateria  caurensis  HELLMAYR:  Male  agreeing  in  dark  slate  gray  coloration  with 
S,  s.  saturata,  but  very  much  larger,  with  much  stronger,  heavier  bill,  more  strongly 
graduated  tail,  and  less  densely  feathered  forehead.  Female  similar  to  S.  s.  schistacea, 
but  much  larger,  etc.,  and  upper  parts  less  rufous  brown.  Wing  (two  tf  c?)  84,  85, 
(one  9 )  83;  tail,  74-78;  tarsus,  28-30;  bill,  21-22.  In  spite  of  its  similarity  in  colora- 
tion, I  am  now  inclined  to  regard  this  bird  as  specifically  distinct.  See  also  footnote 
on  p.  255. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Not  Myrmothera  longipes  VIEILLOT  (Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  12, 
1817,  p.  113) — an  unidentifiable  species  from  Guiana — as  given  by  Robert  Ridgway 
and  other  writers. 

0  This  excellent  illustration  enables  us  to  identify,  with  absolute  certainty, 
Swainson's  species  as  pertaining  to  the  race  of  n.  Venezuela  and  Trinidad. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  259 

Myrmeciza  swainsoni  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  (sth  ser.),  6,  1888,  p.  130  (new  name  for 

Drymophila  longipes  SWAINSON'). 
Myrmeciza  longipes  albiventris  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  10,  1893,  p.  343  (Princestown, 

Trinidad);  idem,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6,  1894,  p.  51  (Princestown); 

PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  1897,  p.  365  (Cumanacoa,  S.  Antonio,  Bermudez). 

Range:  Trinidad;  northern  Venezuela,  in  states  of  Bermudez  (San 
Antonio,  Cumanacoa,  etc.,  inland  of  Cumand),  Caracas,  Aragua  (Mara- 
cay,  Lake  of  Valencia)  and  Carabobo  (Puerto  Cabello);  northeastern 
Colombia,  in  State  of  Santander  (El  Guayabal,  ten  miles  north  of  San 
Jose"  de  Cucuta).b 

9:  Venezuela  (Maracay,  Aragua  3,  Caracas  4,  Lake  of  Valencia  i); 
Colombia  (El  Guayabal,  State  of  Santander  i). 


Myrmeciza    longipes    panamensis    Ridgway.     WHITE-BELLIED    ANT- 
CATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  boucardi  panamensis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  1908, 
p.  144  (line  of  Panama  Railroad);  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  107  (Veragua,  Panama;  Santa  Marta  district,  ne.  Colombia);  STONE, 
Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  70,  1918,  p.  261  (Tabernilla,  Pedro  Miguel,  Panama 
Canal  Zone). 

Myrmeciza  boucardi  (not  of  BERLEPSCH)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  279  (part;  spec,  c-e,  Veragua,  Panama);  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
12,  1898,  p.  138  ("Santa  Marta");  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13, 
1900,  p.  160  (Bonda,  Cacagualito,  Santa  Marta  district). 

Myrmeciza  longipes  (not  of  SWAINSON)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Hist.,  7, 
1862,  p.  325  (Lion  Hill,  Panama);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1864,  p.  357  (Lion  Hill). 

Myrmeciza  swainsoni  (not  of  BERLEPSCH)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  229  (part;  Veraguas;  Lion  Hill,  Panama). 

Drymophila  swainsoni  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  46,  1906, 
p.  217  (savanna  of  Panama). 

Myrmeciza  longipes  panamensis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
19*7.  P-  385  (Algodonal,  lower  Magdalena  River);  TODD  and  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922,  p.  303  (Bonda,  Buritaca,  Don  Diego,  Funda- 
ci6n,  Tucurinca,  Valencia,  Santa  Marta  district). 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Veragua;  Lion  Hill,  Panama,  Tabernilla, 
Pedro  Miguel)  and  northern  Colombia  (Carthagena;  Algodonal,  lower 
Magdalena  River;  Santa  Marta  district). 

•  This  renaming  was  quite  unnecessary,  since  Myrmothera  longipes  VIEILLOT, 
1817,  an  unidentifiable  species  of  some  other  genus,  does  not  invalidate  the  later 
Drymophila  longipes  SWAINSON.  1825. 

b  A  single  male  from  this  locality  appears  to  be  identical  with  others  from 
Venezuela  which  I  am  unable  to  distinguish  from  Trinidad  birds. — C.  E.  H. 


260  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Myrmeciza    longipes    boucardi    Berlepsch.     SLATY-CROWNED    ANT- 
CATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  boucardi  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,   (sth  ser.),  6,   1888,  p.   129   ("Bogota" 

collections;  type  in  Berlepsch  Collection  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER, 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  279  (part;  "Bogota"). 
Myrmeciza  longipes  boucardi  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,   1917, 

p.  384  (Honda,  El  Consuelo,  Chicoral,  Andalucia,  upper  Magdalena  Valley). 
Myrmeciza  longipes  (not  of  SWAINSON)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  147 

(Bogota);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  249  (part;  descr.  of  o"  and  hab.     "New 

Granada"  =  Bogotd). 

Range:    Restricted  to  the  upper  Magdalena  Valley,  central  Col- 
ombia (from  about  Honda  up  to  Andalucia,  alt.  5,000  feet). 
4:   Colombia  (native  "Bogotd"  skins,  4). 

*Myrmeciza  longipes   griseipectus    Berlepsch  and    Hartert*    GRAY- 
CHESTED  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  swainsoni  griseipectus  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
1902,  p.  76  (Caicara  [type],  Perico,  Munduapo,  R.  Orinoco;  Suapure,  La 
Pricion,  Caura  River,  Venezuela;  British  Guiana;  type  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 
SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  286  (Monte  Alegre,  lower  Amazon). 

Myrmeciza  longipes  griseipectus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  32  (Obidos) ; 
CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  288  (Rio  Orinoco,  from 
Caicara  upwards;  Suapure,  Maripa,  Caura  R.);  HARTERT  and  GOODSON, 
Nov.  Zool.,  24,  1917,  p.  498  (variation). 

Myrmeciza  griseipectus  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  61,  1913,  p.  529  (high  cam- 
pos  of  Monte  Alegre  and  Rio  Maecuni);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914, 
p.  291  (Monte  Alegre,  Erer6,  Rio  Maecuni,  n.  Brazil). 

Myrmeciza  longipes  (not  of  SWAINSON)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  278  (part;  spec,  c-f,  Quonga,  Brit.  Guiana). 

Myrmoderus  longipes  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  60  (upper  Takutu 
R.,  Quonga,  Brit.  Guiana). 

Myrmeciza  swainsoni  (not  of  BERLEPSCH)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  229  (part;  British  Guiana;  Villavicencio,  upper 
Rio  Meta,  e.  Colombia;  spec,  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range :  British  Guiana  (Quonga,  Takutu  River) ;  southern  Venezuela 
(Caura  River  Valley,  and  on  the  Orinoco  River  from  Caicara  upwards) ; 
eastern  Colombia  (Villavicencio,  upper  Rio  Meta);  northern  Brazil, 
from  the  Rio  Branco  south  to  the  north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon 
(Obidos,  Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Maecuni). b 

i:   Brazil  (Serra  Grande,  Rio  Branco  i). 

•  Myrmeciza  longipes  griseipectus  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT:  This  well  differen- 
tiated race  combines  the  gray  chest  of  boucardi  with  the  mostly  rufous  brown  pileum 
and  hindneck  of  longipes. 

b  Males  from  Villavicencio,  e.  Colombia,  agree  with  the  typical  series  from  the 
middle  Orinoco,  while  those  from  Quonga,  Caura,  and  Obidos  have  the  gray  pec- 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  261 

*Myrmeciza  laemosticta  laemosticta  Salvin.   SALVIN'S  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  laemosticta  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "1864"  (publ.  April  i,  1865), 
p.  582  (Tucurriqui,  Costa  Rica;  type  in  Brit.  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.; 
=  9  ad.);  idem,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  145  (Santa  F6  de  Veragua;  spec.  [9]  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  280  (Tucurriqui; 
Santa  F6,  Veragua;  descr.  9);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ., 
Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  230,  pi.  51,  fig.  i  (Tucurriqui,  Santa  F6;  descr.  9);  CAR- 
RIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  617  (Caribbean  slopes  of  Costa  Rica; 
crit.,  habits);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  109  (Costa 
Rica;  Veragua). 

Myrmeciza  laemosticta  laemosticta  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  343  (crit., 
sexual  difference;  Tucurriqui,  Carrillo,  Costa  Rica;  Santa  F6,  Veragua). 

Drymophila  laemosticta  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  S,  1908,  p.  9  (Costa 
Rica;  sexual  difference). 

Myrmeciza  stictoptera  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  8,  1867,  p.  132  (Angos- 
tura, Costa  Rica;  =  d"  ad.);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ. , 
Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  230  (Costa  Rica). 

Range:    Caribbean  slope  of  Costa  Rica,    and    western    Panama 
(Santa  Fe  de  Veragua). a 

2:   Costa  Rica  (Tuis  i,  Siguirres  i). 


Myrmeciza  laemosticta  palliata-  Todd.b  PALE  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  laemosticta  palliata  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  30,  1917,  p.  129 
(La  Palmita,  State  of  Santander,  n.  Colombia) ;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull. 
Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  No.  6,  1922,  p.  207  (Mt.  Sap6,  Darien,  e.  Panama). 

Myrmeciza  laemosticta  nigricauda  (not  of  SALVIN  and  GODMAN)  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  P-  385  (part;  Puerto  Valdivia,  lower 
Cauca). 

Range:  Northern  Colombia,  in  states  of  Santander  (La  Palmita) 
and  Antioquia  (Puerto  Valdivia,  lower  Cauca),  and  eastern  Panama 
(Mt.  Sap6,  Darien).' 

toral  area  somewhat  paler  as  well  as  more  restricted.  The  variation  in  the  wing 
markings,  to  which  Hartert  and  Goodson  (1.  c.)  called  attention,  may  likewise  be 
of  racial  significance,  but  the  accessible  material  is  not  quite  conclusive. — C.  E.  H. 

•  A  single  female  from  Santa  F6  agrees  with  others  from  Costa  Rica. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmeciza  laemosticta  palliata  TODD:  Similar  to  M.  I.  laemosticta,  but  paler 
throughout;  upper  parts,  flanks  and  crissum  lighter  brown;  pileum  and  breast 
lighter  slate  gray;  black  of  under  parts  in  male  mainly  confined  to  throat. 

•  Birds  from  Darien,  according  to  Bangs  and  Barbour,  point  slightly  towards 
M.  I.  laemosticta,  by  being  rather  darker,  more  rufescent  brown  on  the  flanks,  and 
by  the  male  having  more  black  underneath. 


262  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Mynneciza   laemosticta   nigricauda   Salvin   and    Godman*     DUSKY- 
TAILED  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  nigricauda  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
1892,  p.  230  (Intac,  w.  Ecuador;  type  in  Brit.  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.; 
=  9  ad.);  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  1903,  p.  214  (Lita, 
Rio  Verde,  Paramba,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador;  crit.;  descr.  9). 

Myrmeciza  laemosticta  nigricauda  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  243  (crit.; 
Intac,  Rio  Verde,  Paramba,  w.  Ecuador) ;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  385  (part;  S.  Jos6,  Buenavista,  Narino,  w.  Colombia). 

Myrmeciza  exsul  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  279 
(part;  spec,  c,  Intac). 

Range :  Southwestern  Colombia  (S.  Jose",  near  Buenaventura,  Choc6 ; 
Buenavista,  Narino)  and  western  Ecuador  (Prov.  Esmeraldas;  Intac). 

*Mynneciza  exsul  occidentalis  Cherrie.   WESTERN  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  exsul  occidentalis  CHERRIE,  Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  191  (Pozo  Azul,  sw.  Costa 
Rica);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  113  (Pacific  slope  of 
Costa  Rica  and  w.  Panama). 

Myrmeciza  immaculata  (not  cf  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  279  (part;  spec,  h-k,  Bugaba,  Chiriqui). 

Myrmelastes  occidentalis  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
1892,  p.  228  (Bebedero,  La  Palma,  Pozo  Azul  de  Pirris,  w.  Costa  Rica);  CAR- 
RIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  5,  1908,  p.  10  (crit.). 

Myrmelastes  exsul  occidentalis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  341  (diag.; 
w.  Costa  Rica,  and  Chiriqui  [Bogava]);  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  1907,  p.  296  (Bor- 
uca,  Paso  Real,  Pozo  del  Rio  Grande,  Barranca,  w.  Costa  Rica). 

Myrmeciza  occidentalis  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  616  (Pacific 
slope  of  s.  w.  Costa  Rica,  south  of  the  Gulf  of  Nicoya;  nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Myrmelastes  intermedius  (not  of  CHERRIE)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  227  (part;  San  Carlos,  S.  Mateo,  w.  Costa  Rica; 
Bugaba,  Chiriqui);  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  1901,  p.  367  (Divala,  Chiriqui). 

Range:  Pacific  slope  of  southwestern  Costa  Rica  (from  the  Gulf  of 
Nicoya  southward)  and  western  Panama  (Divala,  Bugaba,  Chiriqui). 

5:  Costa  Rica  (Boruca  i,  Rio  Naranjo  2,  Buenos  Aires  i);  Panama 
(Bugaba,  Chiriqui  i). 

*Myrmeciza  exsul  exsul  Sdater.   SCLATER'S  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  exsul  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  "1858"  (publ.  1859),  p.  540 
(Panama;  type  in  Liverpool  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  614  (Caribbean  lowlands  of  Costa  Rica; 
habits,  nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

•  Myrmeciza  laemosticta  nigricauda  SALV.  and  GODM.  :  Female  differs  from 
M.  I.  palliata  in  dull  blackish  (instead  of  rufous  brown)  tail,  and  the  white  spotting 
below  being  confined  to  chin  and  upper  throat.  Wing  (four  specimens)  67-68; 
tail  47-49;  bill  18-20.  No  male  seen.— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  263 

Myrmelastes  exsul  exsul  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  340,  341  (crit. ; 
Panama;  e.  Costa  Rica;  Chon tales,  Escondido  River,  Nicaragua). 

Myrmeciza  exsul  exsul  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  in  (Carib- 
bean slope  of  Panama,  Costa  Rica,  and  Nicaragua);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N. 
Sci.  Phila.,  70,  1918,  p.  261  (Gatun,  Canal  Zone). 

Myrmeciza  immaculate,  (not  Thamnophilus  immaculatus  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  357  (Lion  Hill,  Panama;  types  in  British 
Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  279  (part;  spec,  a-g,  Panama;  1,  "Valza,"  Costa  Rica);  SALVIN  and  GOD- 
MAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  pi.  51,  fig.  2  (o"),  3  (  ?  )• 

Myrmeciza  intermedia  CHERRIE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  14,  Sept.  1891,  p.  345  (Sipurio, 
Talamanca,  se.  Costa  Rica). 

Myrmelastes  intermedius  SALVIN  AND  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
1892,  p.  227  (part;  Los  Sabalos,  Nicaragua;  Pacuare,  Angostura,  La  Balsa, 
Jimenez,  Carrillo,  Costa  Rica;  Chepo,  Lion  Hill,  Panama);  RICHMOND, 
Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  502  (Rio  Escondido,  Nicaragua;  habits); 
BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  1900,  p.  25  (Loma  del  Leon,  Panama). 

Range:  Caribbean  slope  of  Nicaragua  (Los  Sabalos,  Rio  Escon- 
dido, Chontales,  San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua),  Costa  Rica  and  Panama, 
-east  to  the  Canal  Zone  (Lion  Hill,  Frijole  Station,  Gatun). 

4:  Costa  Rica  (Old  Harbor,  Talamanca  i,  Siguirres  2);  Nicaragua 
(San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  i). 

*Myrmeciza  exsul  cassini  (Ridgway).*  CASSIN'S  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmelastes  cassini  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  1908,  p.  194  (Turbo, 

nw.  Colombia). 
Myrmeciza  exsul  (not  of  SCLATER)  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860,  p.  191 

No.  98  (=  cf),  99  (=•  9)  (Turbo);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 

p.  526  (Neche,  Antioquia;  spec,  in  Brit.  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  279  (part;  spec,  d,  e,  "Nichi"  = 

Neche). 
Myrmeciza  cassini  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  no  (Turbo, 

nw.  Colombia;  Cascajal,  Cocl6,  Panama  [?])-b 

»  Myrmeciza  exsul  cassini  (RIDGWAY)  :  Very  similar  to  M .  e.  maculifer  and,  like 
it,  with  distinct  apical  spots  to  all  the  upper  wing  coverts,  but  upper  parts  paler, 
more  olivaceous  brown,  head  and  under  parts  of  male  less  blackish.  As  pointed  out  by 
F.  M.  Chapman,  birds  from  the  northern  end  of  the  range  are  easily  distinguished 
from  M.  e.  maculifer  of  w.  Ecuador,  but  in  the  central  parts  of  Pacific  Colombia 
there  is  such  a  complete  intergradation  between  these  extremes  that  it  is  impossible 
to  assign  definite  geographic  boundaries  to  either  form. 

b  I  cannot  help  considering  this  locality  as  very  questionable.  Three  males 
collected  by  Heyde  in  February  and  March,  1889,  at  Cascajal  (Cocl£),  in  the  Tring 
Museum  are,  beyond  doubt,  referable  to  M.  e.  exsul.  Heyde's  localities  are  not 
always  trustworthy,  and,  as  he  also  obtained  many  specimens  from  w.  Colombia 
(Novita,  etc.),  an  error  in  labelling  the  National  Museum  specimen  might  have 
occurred.— C.  E.  H. 


264  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myrmelastes  exsul  maculifer  (not  of  HELLMAYR)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13, 
1906,  p.  342  (part;  Neche,  Antioquia);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1169 
(part;  Neche,  Turbo,  n.  Colombia). 

Myrmeciza  maculifer  cassini  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917, 
P-  383  (Rio  Salaqui,  Alto  Bonito,  Dabeiba,  Rio  Sucio;  Puerto  Valdivia, 
lower  Cauca;  Malena,  near  Puerto  Berrio,  lower  Magdalena;  El  Real,  Tapa- 
liza,  e.  Panama);  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  No.  6, 
1922,  p.  207  (Rio  Esnape",  Jesusito,  Darien). 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Darien)  and  northern  Colombia  (Turbo, 
Rio  Salaqui,  Rio  Sucio;  east  to  the  lower  Cauca,  Rio  Neche,  and  lower 
Magdalena). 

i:  Colombia  (Alto  Bonito,  Rio  Sucio  i). 

*Myrmeciza  exsul  maculifer  (Hellmayr).  WING-SPOTTED  ANT  CATCHER. 

Myrmelastes  exsul  maculifer  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  340  (Paramba, 
Prov.  Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador),  342  (diag.;  part;  Esmeraldas,  Chimbo, 
Rio  Peripa,  Santo  Domingo,  Guanacillo,  Paramba,  Cachabi,  Lita,  S.  Javier, 
w.  Ecuador;  Rio  Dagua,  w.  Colombia);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1169 
(part;  Sipi,  Rio  Cajon,  Novita,  Noanama,  Rio  Dagua,  w.  Colombia; 
nw.  Ecuador). 

Myrmeciza  exsul  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  294  (Esmer- 
aldas); BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1883,  p.  566  (Chimbo);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  279  (part;  spec,  a-c,  Esmeraldas,  Intac, 
w.  Ecuador);  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  493  (Cachavi,  Paramba,  nw. 
Ecuador);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899, 
p.  31  (Rio  Peripa);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  65  (Santo  Domingo,  Guana- 
cillo). 

Myrmeciza  maculifer  maculifer  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
I9I7>  P-  382  (Bagado,  near  sources  of  R.  Atrato;  Baudo,  Novita,  Juntas  do 
Tamana,  San  Jose",  Los  Cisneros,  Barbacoas,  Buenavista  [Narifio],  sw.  Col- 
ombia). 

Range:  Western  Ecuador,  from  at  least  Naranjo  and  Chimbo,  Prov. 
Guayas,  northward,  and  western  Colombia  north  to  Bagado,  at  the 
head  of  the  Atrato. 

16:  Ecuador  (Chimbo  3,  Bulun  i,  San  Javier  i,  Paramba  i,  Cachy- 
jacu,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  i) ;  Colombia  (Jimenez  3,  Rio  Dagua  i,  El  Tigre, 
Rio  Tamand  2,  Juntas  de  Tanamd  2,  Noanama  i). 

Myrmeciza  hyperythra  (Sclater).    PLUMBEOUS  ANTCATCHER. 

Thamnophilus  hyperythrus  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Philos.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  i,  April 
1855,  p.  235  (descr.  of  9  ;  Chamicuros,  e.  Peru,  type  in  coll.  J.  Gould,  now  in 
British  Museum,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  GOULD,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (2d 
ser.),  15,  May  1855,  p.  346  (Chamicuros);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  May  16, 


1 92 4.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  265 

1855,  p.  70  (Chamicuros,  e.  Peru);  SCLATER,  1.  c.,  26, 1858,  p.  211  (descr.  cf,  9  ; 
Chamicuros,  Rio  Huallaga;  Pebas,  e.  Peru);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c., 
1866,  p.  185  (lower  Ucayali). 

Myrmelastes  hyperythrus  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  442  (Rio  Jurua; 
one  9  in  Mus.  Paulista  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  I, 
1907,  p.  218  (Rio  Jurua);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom. 
Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  29  (Pebas,  Peru);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith., 
56,  1908,  p.  16  (Bom  Lugar,  Monte  Verde,  Ponte  Alegre,  Rio  Punis);  idem, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  305  (same  localities). 

Myrmelastes  plumbeus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  274,  pi.  143  (descr. 
cf,  9 ;  Rio  Javarri,  type,  now  in  British  Museum,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 
idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  189  (type  in  Coll.  Sclater);  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  567  (e.  Peru);  TACZANOWSKI,  Oin.  Pe>ou, 
2,  1884,  p.  24  (Pebas,  Nauta,  Xeberos,  Santa  Cruz,  Iquitos,  e.  Peru);  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  95  (Reyes,  lower  Beni,  n.  Bolivia). 

Thamnophilus  plumbeus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  273  (Pebas, 
Nauta,  Xeberos,  Santa  Cruz;  crit.;  sexual  diff.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  193  (lower  Ucayali,  Chamicuros,  Pebas,  Samiria). 

Sclateria  leucostigma  (errore)  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  442  (Rio 
Jurud;  o"  in  Mus.  Paulista  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Sclateria  schistacea  leucostigma  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  219  (Rio 
Jurua). 

Range:    Upper  Amazonia,  from  western  Brazil  (rivers  Purus  and 
Jurud)  west  to  eastern  Peru,  south  to  northern  Bolivia  (Reyes). 


Myrmeciza   cryptoleuca    (Menegaux  and    Hellwiayr)  .*    CASTELNAU'S 
ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmelastes  cryptoleucus  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris, 
(9th  ser.),  8, 1906,  p.  30  (descr.  o"  ad.,  Pebas,  ne.  Peru;  type  in  Paris  Museum) ; 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  306  (translation  of  original  descrip- 
tion). 

Range:  Northeastern  Peru  (Pebas). 

•  Myrmeciza  cryptoleuca  (MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR)  :  Male  deep  black,  more 
sooty  on  rump  and  flanks ;  feathers  of  the  upper  back  extensively  white  at  base,  forming 
a  large  semi-concealed  interscapular  blotch;  axillars  white  at  their  base,  under  wing 
coverts  white,  some  of  them  narrowly  edged  with  black;  remiges  conspicuously 
edged  with  white  along  basal  half  of  inner  web.  Wing  73  #,  78;  tail  60,  6o>/; 
tars.  26;  bill  22,  23.  Female  unknown. 

In  structural  characters,  especially  moderately  long  tarsi  and  relative  length  of 
tail,  this  species  closely  resembles  M.  hyperythra,  but  the  bill  is  somewhat  shorter 
while  the  feathers  of  the  pileum  are  distinctly  elongated  so  as  to  form  a  slight  crest. 
By  its  black  coloration,  M.  cryptoleuca  approaches  M.  goeldii,  but  is  much  smaller; 
has  the  under  wing  coverts  and  quill  lining  white  instead  of  black,  and  lacks  the 
white  stripe  along  the  scapular  edge  of  the  wing. — C.  E.  H. 


266  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myrmeciza  goeldii  (Snethlage) .»  GOELDI'S  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmelasles  goeldii  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  17  (Bom  Lugar 
and  Ponto  Alegre,  Rio  Purus;  types  in  Museu  Goeldi,  Para,  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  5,  "1907,"  p.  58  (same  localities);  idem, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  305  (same  localities). 

Range:  Rio  Punis,  western  Brazil. 

*Myrmeciza  melanoceps  (Spix).   SPIX'S  ANTCATCHER. 

Thamnophilus  melanoceps  SPix,Av.  Bras. ,2,  1825,  p.  28,  pi.  39,  fig.  i  (=  9)  ("in 
sylvis  Parae,"  locality  no  doubt  erroneous,  we  substitute  Rio  /fa,  nw.  Brazil; 
type  in  Munich  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
25,  1857,  p.  133  (Sarayacu,  Rio  Ucayali,  e.  Peru);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  65 
(Rio  Napo,  Quixos,  e.  Ecuador),  210  (descr.  9  :  Sarayacu,  e.  Peru;  Quixos, 
e.  Ecuador). 

Myrmdastes  melanoceps  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3, 
1906,  p.  662  (descr.  of  type);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom. 
Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  29  (crit.;  Yaguas  and  Sarayacu,  e.  Peru);  JHER- 
ING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  217  (Amaz.  sup.);  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  305  (Amazonia  sup.). 

Myrmeciza  melanoceps  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  382 
(Florencia,  La  Morelia,  Re.  Colombia). 

Thamnophilus  conrinus  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Philos.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  i,  April 
1855,  P-  234  (descr.  o";  Rio  Ucayali,  e.  Peru;  type  in  Coll.  J.  Gould,  now  in 
British  Museum,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  GOULD,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (2d 
ser.),  15,  May  1855,  p.  345  (Rio  Ucayali);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  May  16, 
1855,  p.  69  (Rio  Ucayali);  SCLATER,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  65  (Quixos,  e.  Ecua- 
dor), 210  (descr.  <?;  Rio  Ucayali,  Rio  Napo);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds, 
1862,  p.  173  (Rio  Napo);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  185 
(Rio  Ucayali,  near  Cashiboya) ;  PELZKLN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  75, 
Note  3  (Maynas,  Peru). 

•  Myrmeciza  goeldii  (SNETHLAGE)  :  Male  deep  black,  relieved  only  by  a  distinct 
white  stripe  along  scapular  edge  of  wing  and  by  the  extensive  white  basis  to  the 
feathers  of  the  upper  back,  forming  a  large  semi-concealed  interscapular  blotch. 
Female  above  bright  cinnamon  rufous,  slightly  duller  and  darker  on  crown,  passing 
into  dull  gray  on  forehead  and  superciliary  region;  auriculars  dull  brown,  narrowly 
streaked  with  whitish;  basal  portion  of  interscapular  feathers  extensively  white; 
upper  wing  coverts,  tertials  and  outer  web  of  remiges  somewhat  duller  cinnamon 
rufous  than  the  back,  inner  web  of  the  latter  dusky;  rectrices  deep  rufous  brown, 
their  shafts  dusky  above,  buffy  white  underneath.  Throat  and  cheeks  white,  slightly 
tinged  with  buff  on  malar  region;  remainder  of  under  parts  bright  ochraceous  cinna- 
mon, deepest  on  flanks,  palest  on  middle  of  breast;  under  wing  coverts  somewhat 
duller  than  breast;  narrow  margin  along  inner  web  of  remiges  pale  cinnamon.  Bill 
in  both  sexes  black,  o"  ad.  wing  94;  tail  74;  tars.  33;  bill  21;  9  ad.  wing  90; 
tail  (molting);  tars.  30;  bill  20^-  (Description  taken  from  the  types  in  the 
Museu  Goeldi,  Para,  Brazil). 

In  structure  and  proportions  M.  goeldii  agrees  perfectly  with  M.  melanoceps, 
but  is  easily  distinguished  by  possessing  a  large  white  interscapular  blotch  in  either 
sex.  Besides,  in  the  male  the  white  scapular  stripe  is  not  extended  around  the  bend 
of  the  wing,  as  is  invariably  the  case  in  all  specimens  of  M.  melanoceps  examined 
by  me,  and  the  female  is  altogether  different,  that  of  M .  melanoceps  having  the  head 
all  round,  including  throat,  dull  black,  the  back  and  under  parts  much  darker, 
duller,  etc.— C.  E.  H. 


IQ24-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  267 

Myrmelastes  nigerrimus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  275  (descr.  o"; 
"Upper  Amazons"  =  Rio  Javarri;  type  in  British  Museum  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  3,  1884,  p.  25  (descr.  o";  Pebas). 

Diallactes  melanoccphalus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  18, 
Note  (new  name  for  Thamnophilus  melanoceps  SPIX). 

Thamnophilus  melanocephalus  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  172  (Rio 
Napo). 

Thamnophilus  leuconctus  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
18?3,  p.  272  (Cashiboya,  Santa  Cruz,  e.  Peru);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou, 
2,  1884,  p.  5  (descr.  o",  9  from  Rio  Napo;  upper  Ucayali,  Cashiboya,  Santa 
Cruz);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  188  (descr.  cf,  9;  Pebas, 
Rio  Javarri,  Loretoyacu,  upper  Ucayali,  Santa  Cruz,  Peru;  Rio  Napo  [exct. 
spec,  d,  ex  Loretoyacu,  which  pertains  to  M.  fortis]);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis, 
1902,  p.  63  (sources  of  the  Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador;  spec,  in  Tring  Museum 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Myrmeciza  berlepschi  peruviana  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Publ.,  Orn.  Ser., 
i,  No.  10,  Aug.  1916,  p.  339  (Yane  Yacu,  near  Yurimaguas,  n.  Peru;  =  d1). 

Range:  From  southeastern  Colombia  (Caquetd-region)  through 
eastern  Ecuador  south  to  the  rivers  Ucayali  and  Javarri,  eastern 
Peru.* 

i:   Peru  (Yane  Yacu,  near  Yurimaguas,  type  of  M.  b.  peruviana). 


Mynneciza  fortis  (Sclater  and  Salvin).b   SOOTY  ANTCATCHER. 

Percnostola  fortis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  980,  pi.  45  (P.fune- 
bris  on  plate)  (Pebas  and  Chyavetas,  ne.  Peru;  types  in  British  Museum  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  275  (same  localities);  TACZANOWSKI, 

•  There  may  be  two  races  of  this  species,  the  type  of  T.  melanoceps  and  birds 
from  Ecuador  having  a  decidedly  longer  tail.  Should  the  difference  prove  to  be 
constant,  the  southern  form  would  have  to  stand  as  M.  melanoceps  corvina  (SCLATER). 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Two  c?  o"  ad.,  Archidona  and  Napo  Village  89,90  78,80  20,23 

One  9  ad.,  type  of  Th.  melanoceps  85  72  22^ 

One  o"  ad.,  Yaguas,  n.  Peru  91  64  24 

One  c?1  ad.,  Rio  Tigre,  R.  Marafion  87  64  24^ 

One  cf  ad.,  Yane  Yacu  (type  of  M.  b.  peruviana)  92  66  23 

One  d"  ad.,  Santa  Cruz,  n.  Peru  91  tf  64  >£  22 

One  o"  ad.,  Ucayali  (type  of  T.  corvinus)  89  67  23 

One  o"  ad.,  Rio  Javarri  (type  of  M.  nigerrimus)  89  64  23 

Two  9  9  ad.,  Sarayacu,  R.  Ucayali  81,83  60,65  23,24 

— C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmeciza  fortis  (SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  is  very  nearly  related  to  M .  i.  immacu- 
lata  (LAFR.),  with  which  it  agrees  in  length  of  tarsus  and  shape  of  bill,  but  may  be 
distinguished  by  its  absolutely  and  proportionately  shorter  tail,  more  densely 
feathered  forehead  and  loral  region,  and  by  the  sooty  (instead  of  deep  black)  colora- 
tion of  the  male;  while  the  female  is  very  differently  colored,  having  the  under 
parts  cinerous,  the  top  of  the  head  rufous  brown,  in  decided  contrast  to  the  dull 
rufescent  brown  back,  etc. 

Measurements  of  six  males:  wing  83-88;  tail  68-71;  tarsus,  32-35;  bill  20^-23. 

Measurements  of  six  females:  wing  80-76;  tail  64-69;  tarsus,  30-34;  bill  20-22. 
— C.  E.  H. 


268  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1.  c.,  1882,  p.  31  (Yurimaguas) ;  idem,  Ornith.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  58  (descr. 
d",  9;  Pebas,  Chyavetas,  Yurimaguas);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  274  (Pebas,  Chyavetas,  Peru;  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador);  SALVADORI 
and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  31  (Rio  Santiago, 
e.  Ecuador;  specimens  in  Turin  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  JHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  442  (Rio  Jurua;  spec,  in  Mus.  Paulista  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  307  (Alto  Ama- 
zonas). 

Myrmelastes  fortis  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (9th 
ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  32  (Yaguas,  Pebas,  n.  Peru);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14, 
1907,  p.  66  (Teffe',  Rio  Solimo€s);  JHERING  and  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz., 
I,  1907,  p.  218  (Rio  Jurua). 

Thamnophilus  leuconotus  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  1 88  (part;  spec,  d,  d"  ad.  Loretoyacu,  Peru,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  southeastern  Colombia  (La  Murelia, 
Terr,  del  Caquetd*;  Cuembi,  R.  Putumayo,  Terr.  Narifiob)  through 
eastern  Ecuador  south  to  central  Peru  (Dept.  Huanuco0)  and  western 
Brazil  (Teffe",  Rio  Solimoes;  Rio  Jurua). 

Myrmeciza  immaculata  immaculata  (Lafresnaye).    IMMACULATE  ANT- 
CATCHER. 

Thamnophilus  immaculatus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  8,  1845,  p.  340  (descr. 
cT,  9  ;  "Bogota,"  Colombia;  types,  now  in  Museum  Comp.  Zool.,  Cambridge, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Edinb.  New  Philos.  Journ.,  (n.  s.),  I, 
1855,  p.  249  (Bogota);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  148  (Bogota);  idem, 
1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  211  (part;  Bogota);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  173 
(part;  spec,  a,  Bogota);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  189  (part; 
Bogota). 

Myrmeciza  immaculatus  immaculatus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  384  (La  Frijolera,  lower  Cauca;  Miraflores,  western  slope  of 
c.  Andes;  Fusugasuga,  Honda,  El  Consuelo,  Magdalena  R.,  Colombia) d. 

•  A  female  in  the  Amer.  Mus.  of  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  116,283,  obtained  by  L.  E. 
Miller.— C.  E.  H. 

b  A  female  secured  by  Gustav  Hopke,  in  the  Berlepsch  Collection. — C.  E.  H. 

•  A  nearly  adult  male  from  Chuchurras,  alt.  1,000  feet,  collected  in  July  1904 
by  W.  Hoffmanns,  in  the  Tring  Museum. — C.  E.  H. 

d  Birds  from  the  upper  Magdalena  (Honda)  agree  perfectly  with  the  types, 
kindly  loaned  by  Mr.  Bangs,  and  other  examples  from  Bogotd.  Three  females  from  La 
Frijolera  and  Miraflores  (east  of  Palmira),  Cauca  Valley,  while  typical  of  immaculatus, 
as  far  as  coloration  is  concerned,  approach  the  western  race  berlepschi  by  their 
slightly  larger  bill  and  less  densely  feathered  forehead.  It  is  certainly  misleading  to 
describe  the  female  of  this  race  as  having  "the  f  oreneck  and  chest  grayish. ' '  In  the  type 
and  two  other  Bogota  skins,  as  well  as  in  five  females  from  the  Magdalena  and  Cauca 
valleys,  the  lower  throat  (or  foreneck)  only  is  dull  smoke  grayish,  edged  with  olive 
brownish,  while  the  color  of  the  chest  may  be  described  as  dull  rufescent  brown, 
with  the  dingy  grayish  basal  portion  of  the  feathers  showing  through;  remainder 
of  under  surface  rufous  brown,  more  or  less  shaded  with  grayish  along  middle  line. 
"  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  269 

Pyriglena  ettisiana  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  109,  pi.  100  (descr.   9 ; 

Bogotd ;  type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c.,  p.  147 

(Bogota);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  246  (descr.  d1  imm.,  9  ;  Bogota). 
Myrmeciza  zeledoni  affinis  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  1913,  p.  172  (Guarico, 

Estado  Lara,  nw.  Venezuela;  descr.   9 ,  type  in  Carnegie  Museum  examined 

by  C.  E.  H.).« 

Range:  Eastern  and  central  Andes  of  Colombia  (Bogotd;  upper 
Magdalena  Valley;  La  Frijolera,  lower  Cauca;  Miraflores,  west  slope 
of  central  Andes);  northwestern  Venezuela,  State  of  Lara  (Guarico). 

*Myrmeciza   immaculata   berlepschi   Ridgway*     BERLEPSCH'S   ANT- 
CATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  berlepschi  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  April  1909,  p.  74 

(Chimbo,  w.  Ecuador);  BANGS,  1.  c.,  23,  1910,  p.  73  (Palmar,  La  Maria, 

Dagua  River;  Pavas,  w.  Andes,  Colombia). 
Myrmeciza  immaculatus  berlepschi  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 

1917,  P-  384  (crit.;  Alto  Bonito,  Bagado,  Baudo,  Novitd,  Salencio,  San  Jos6, 

Las  Lornitas,  Barbacoas,  Buenavista,  Pacific  slope  of  w.  Andes,  Colombia; 

Rio  de  Oro,  Naranjo,  Santa  Rosa,  w.  Ecuador). 
Thamnophilus  immaculatus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26, 

1858,  p.  2ii   (part;  western  base  of  Andes,  near  Quito);  idem,  Cat.  Coll. 

Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  173  (part;  spec,  b,  Nanegal);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

1860,  p.  89  (Nanegal);  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1883,  p.  564 

(Chimbo);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  189  (part;  w.  Ecuador); 

HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  491  (Cachabi,  Chimbo);  GOODFELLOW, 

Ibis,  1902,  p.  64  (Santo  Domingo,  S.  Nicolas). 
Myrmelastes  immaculatus  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14, 

No.  362,  1899,  p.  31  (Peripa). 
Myrmelastes  immaculatus  immaculatus  (err.)  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911, 

p.  1 1 68  (Pueblo  Rico,  Primavera,  w.  Colombia). 
Myrmelastes  immaculatus  berlepschi  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  gebgr.   Mes.   Arc 

Mend.  Equat.,  9,  1911,  p.  B  35  (Mindo,  Gualea);  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL, 

Arkiv  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  1922,  p.  68  (Santo  Domingo  de  los  Coronados, 

below  Gualea). 

•  I  am  unable  to  separate  the  type  and  another  female  from  Guarico  from  M .  i.  im- 
maculata. In  dense  feathering  of  forehead,  narrow  bill,  coloration  of  under  parts 
and  restriction  of  white  on  bend  of  wing,  they  are  practically  identical  with  the 
female  type  in  the  Lafresnaye  Collection  and  Bother  specimens  from  e.  Colombia. 
The  male  is  unknown.  Additional  material  from  Venezuela  should  be  examined. — 
C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmeciza  immaculata  berlepschi  RIDGWAY:  Differs  from  M.  i.  immaculata  in 
much  larger  bill,  more  scantily  feathered  forehead  and  loral  region,  and  in  having 
the  white  area  on  anterior  portion  of  wing  much  broader.  Besides,  the  female  has  the 
chin  and  sides  of  head  more  deeply  black  and  the  under  parts  much  more  rufous, 
nearly  uniform  deep  vandyke  brown,  with  very  little  if  any  grayish  admixture  along 
abdominal  line.  One  female  from  Pavas  and  one  from  Primavera,  western  slope  of 
Colombian  Andes,  however,  closely  approach  M.  i.  immaculata  in  coloration  of 
lower  parts.  Thirty  specimens  from  w.  Ecuador  and  twenty-two  from  w.  Colombia 
compared  with  eighteen  of  M .  i.  immaculata. — C.  E.  H. 


270  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Phlogopsis  ettisiana  (not  of  SCLATER,  1855)  SCLATF.R,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds, 
1862,  p.  360  (Ecuador). 

Range :  Pacific  slope  of  western  Andes  of  Ecuador  (south  to  Santa 
Rosa)  and  Colombia,  apparently  ranging  northward  to  eastern  Pan- 
ama (Tacarcuna).* 

4:   Ecuador  (Lita  3,  Bulun  i). 
Myrmeciza  immaculata  zeledoni  Ridgway*  ZELEDON'S  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  zeledoni  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  1909,  p.  74  (Guayabo, 

Costa  Rica);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  114  (descr., 

synon.;  Costa  Rica  and  w.  Panama). 
Myrmelastes  immaculatus  zeledoni  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,   1911,  p.   1169 

in  text  (Cariblanco  de  Sarapiqui,  Costa  Rica;  crit.). 
Thamnophilus  immaculatus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  189  (part; 

Costa  Rica,  Veragua,  Chiriqui). 
Myrmelastes  immaculatus  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 

1892,  p.  225  (part;  Costa  Rica,  Panama);  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.   Zool. 

C1M  3,  1902,  p.  42  (Volcan  de  Chiriqui). 
Myrmeciza  immaculata  (err.)  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  61  8 

(Costa  Rican  localities). 

Range :   Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama. 

Myrmeciza  lophotes  (Hellmayr  and  Seilern)."   CRESTED  ANTCATCHER. 

Percnostola  lophotes  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  No.  i, 
May  1914,  p.  90  (Rio  San  Gaban,  Carabaya,  n.  Puno,  se.  Peru);  HELLMAYR, 
Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  105  (same  locality). 

Range:  Southeastern  Peru  (Rio  San  Gaban,  Amazonian  slope  of 
Sierra  de  Carabaya,  northern  Puno). 

•  Birds  from  Tacarcuna,  Darien,  are  difficult  to  place  and  might,  with  equally 
good  reason,  be  referred  to  either  berlepschi  or  zeledoni. 

b  Myrmeciza  immaculata  zeledoni  RIDGWAY  is  a  very  unsatisfactory  race.  In 
proportion  of  bill,  scanty  feathering  on  forehead  and  lores,  and  coloration  of  female,  it  is 
practically  identical  with  M.  i.  berlepschi,  but  the  white  patch  on  anterior  portion 
of  wing  is  generally  less  extended,  though  occupying  a  much  larger  area  than  in 
M.  i.  immaculata.  However,  even  this  is  far  from  being  an  absolutely  constant 
character,  several  examples  from  w.  Colombia,  notably  two  males  from  San  Jos6 
(Rio  Dagua)  and  Barbacoas  respectively,  being  indistinguishable  on  this  score  from 
Costa  Rican  skins.  In  three  males  from  Cariblanco  de  Sarapiqui,  Costa  Rica,  the 
lower  mandible  is  partly  yellowish  gray,  whereas  the  numerous  males  from  South 
America,  one  from  Cachabi,  nw.  Ecuador  excepted,  invariably  have  a  uniform 
black  or  blackish  brown  bill.  An  adult  male  from  Boquete,  Chiriqui,  one  from  Tacar- 
cuna and  another  from  Buenavista,  Narino,  have  the  apical  portion  of  the  mandible 
horn  brown.  I  expect  that  more  ample  material  will  prove  berlepschi  and  zeledoni 
to  be  inseparable.  In  this  event  the  latter  term  takes  precedence  as  having  page 
priority.— C.  E.  H. 

0  Myrmeciza  lophotes  (HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN)  :  Male  (possibly  not  quite  adult) . 
Top  of  the  head  and  crest  bright  cinnamon  rufous;  back  cinnamon  brown,  decidedly 
duller  and  more  brownish  than  the  crown,  without  any  trace  of  a  white  interscapular 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  271 

Genus  MYRMODERUS  Ridgway. 

Myrmoderus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  1909,  p.  70  (type  Myiothera 

loricata  LICHTENSTEIN). 
Myrmoderas  (emendation)  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  15. 

Mynnoderus  ferrugineus   (P.    L.   S.   Mutter).     FERRUGINOUS    ANT- 
CATCHER. 

Turdus  ferrugineus  P.  L.  S.  MULLER,  Natursyst.,  Suppl.,  1776,  p.  141  (based  on 
Daubenton,  PI.  enl.,  560,  fig.  2:  "Merle  4  cravate,  de  Cayenne";  type  in 
Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =  o"  ad.). 

Turdus  cinnamomeus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  x,  (2),  1789,  p.  825  (based  on  Dauben- 
ton, PI.  enl.,  560,  fig.  2). 

Thamnophilus  albicottis  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  3,  1816, 
P-  313  ("Guyane"  =  Cayenne;  type  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.; 
=  9);  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855,  p.  353  (crit.). 

Myrmonax  cinnamomeus  CABANIS,  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3, 
1848,  p.  684  (coastal  forests  of  British  Guiana);  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers. 
Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  65  ("im  nordlichen  Brasilien,  bei  Pard,  haufiger  in 
Guyana"). 

Myrmeciza  cinnamomea  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  249  (Cayenne, 
Brit.  Guiana);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  427  (Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  280  (Cayenne;  Berbice,  Demerara, 
Bartica,  Camacusa,  Takutu  River,  Brit.  Guiana);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ. 
Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  287  (Cunany,  Braz.  Guiana). 

Myrmecisa  cinnamomea  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  87  (Borba,  Rio 
Madeira). 

M yrmeciza  ferruginea  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Phil.  Paris,  (9th 
ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  36  (Cayenne;  notes  on  types  of  T.  ferrugineus  and  Th.  albi- 
collis);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  32  (Obidos);  BERLEPSCH,  1.  c., 
15,  1908,  p.  158  (Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris, 
14,  1908,  p.  13  (Cayenne);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  365  (Borba); 

blotch;  bend  of  wing  cinnamon  rufous;  upper  wing  coverts  dull  rufescent  brown, 
each  feather  with  an  abruptly  defined,  light  cinnamon  rufous  apical  spot,  preceded 
by  an  obsolete,  dusky  subterminal  band;  primary  coverts  uniform  blackish;  quills 
and  rectrices  blackish  brown,  exteriorily  edged  with  russet  brown,  median  pair  of 
rectrices  washed  all  over  with  russet;  lores,  cheeks  and  auriculars  dull  ashy  gray, 
the  latter  tinged  with  brownish  on  posterior  portion;  under  surface  white,  throat 
and  foreneck  clouded  with  gray;  sides  of  breast  largely  ashy  gray,  passing  into 
pale  brownish  on  flanks;  under  tail  coverts  light  fulvous,  some  of  them  slightly 
fringed  with  whitish;  axillars  and  under  wing  coverts  pale  gray,  most  of  the  latter 
tipped  with  buff ;  quill  lining  isabella  color.  Wing  (molting)  73;  tail  (molting)  54; 
tars.,  30;  bill  i8K-  Female  differs  by  more  brownish  sides  of  breast  and  by  lacking  the 
gray  edges  on  throat  and  foreneck.  Wing  75;  tail  60;  tars.,  30;  bill  19. 

This  species,  originally  assigned  to  Percnostola,  seems  more  properly  referable 
to  the  genus  Myrmeciza.  In  structural  characters  and  style  of  coloration  it  is  not 
unlike  certain  members  of  this  group,  and  in  its  exceedingly  long  tarsi  it  closely 
approaches  M.  fortis,  from  which  it  chiefly  differs  by  more  densely  feathered  fore- 
head, much  more  elongated  crown  feathers,  less  graduated  tail,  and  by  lacking  the 
bare  space  behind  the  eye. — C.  E.  H. 


272  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  291  (Villa  Braga,  Tapaj6z;  Cun- 

any;  S.  Antonio  da  Cachoeira,  R.  Jary;  Obidos;  Rio  Jamunda). 
Drymophila  cinnamomea  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,   1908,  p.  512   (Villa 

Braga). 
Drymophila  ferruginea  JEERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  x,  1907,  p.  219  (Guyana,  Borba, 

"Pard"). 

Myrmeciza  pelzelni  (not  of  SCLATER)  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  155  (Cunany). 
Myrmoderas  ferruginea  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  1917,  p.  132  (Bartica  Grove); 

BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  No.  2,  1918,  p.  69  (Lely- 

dorp,  Dutch  Guiana). 
Myrmoderus  ferrugineus  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  61  (numerous 

localities  in  Brit.  Guiana). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  on 
the  north  bank  of  the  Amazon  west  to  Obidos  and  the  Rio  Jamunda, 
south  of  the  river  from  the  Tapajoz  to  the  lower  Rio  Madeira  (Borba). 

Myrmoderus  ruficauda  (Wied).   RUFOUS-TAILED  ANTCATCHER. 

Myiothera  ruficauda  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  (2),  3,  1831,  p.  1060  (se.  Brazil; 

no  locality  specified,  we  suggest  Rio  Doce,   Prov.   Espirito  Santo;   descr. 

d*.  9). 
Drymophila  ruficauda  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  3,  1840,  p.  226  ('TAm6rique  meridi- 

onale"). 

Myrmeciza  marginata  SALVADORI,  Atti  Soc.  Ital.  Sci.  Nat.,  7,  1864,  p.  158  (Bra- 
zil; descr.  d",  9);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  165,  Note* 

(crit.). 
Myrmeciza  ruficauda  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  248  (se.  Brazil); 

ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  254  (note  on  Wied's  types); 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  281  (Bahia);  JEERING,  Cat.  F. 

Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  219  (Porto  Cachoeiro,  Esp.  Santo). 
Myrmecisa  ruficauda  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  87,  Note  3  (Bahia). 

Range:  Coast  forests  of  eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  and 
Espirito  Santo  (Porto  Cachoeiro,  Rio  Doce).a 

Myrmoderus  loricatus  (Lichtenstein).  LICHTENSTEIN'S  ANTCATCHER. 

Myiothera  loricata  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  44  (Bahia, 

e.  Brazil;  descr.  d",  9). 
Drymophila  leucopus  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  No.  6,  July  1825,  p.  150  (forests 

of  Pitangua,  near  Bahia;  descr.  d",  9). 
Myiothera  Yarrellii  LEADBEATER,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  16,  Part  i,  1829,  p.  87 

(no  locality  given;  descr.   9  )• 

•  Besides  several  specimens  from  Bahia,  I  have  examined  a  male  obtained 
by  F.  Zikan,  in  December  1913,  on  the  Rio  Doce,  Espirito  Santo,  and  preserved  in 
the  Museum  of  the  Senckenbergian  Natural  History  Society  at  Frankfort  (Germany). 

This  scarce  species  appears  to  be  related  to,  but  quite  distinct  from  M.  fer- 
ruginea.— C.  E.  H. 


1924-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  273 

Myrmonax  loricatus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  64  (Novo 
Friburgo,  Rio;  descr.  o",  9);  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  22,  1874,  P-  85  (Canta- 
gallo,  Rio). 

Myrmcciza  loricata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  248  (Bahia;  descr.  o", 
9);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  282  (Bahia;  Novo  Friburgo,  Rio); 
BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming  Bird,  2,  1892,  p.  44  (Porto  Real, 
Rio) ;  JEERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Cantagallo,  Novo  Friburgo); 
EULER,  1.  c.,  p.  65  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907, 
p.  220  (Porto  Cachoeiro,  Espirito  Santo);  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay., 
12,  No.  2,  1915,  p.  149  (Victoria,  Esp.  Santo). 

Myrmecisa  loricata  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  87  (Registo  do  Sai, 
Rio). 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  from  Bahia  to  Espirito  Santo  (Porto  Cachoe- 
iro, Victoria)  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Registo  do  Sai,  Novo  Friburgo, 
Cantagallo,  Porto  Real). 

*Myrmoderus  squamosus  (Pelzeln)*  PELZELN'S  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmecisa  squamosa  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  87,  162  (Ypanema 
Mattodentro,  S.  Paulo;  type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined;  descr.  c?1). 

M yrmcciza  squamosa  BERLEPSCH  and  JHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  1885,  p.  151 
(Arroio  Grande,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  characters);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  281  ("Novo  Friburgo,  Rio";  Ypanema,  S.  Paulo) ;  JHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  245  (Ypiranga,  Piquete,  Iguapfi,  Iporanga, 
S.  Paulo);  idem,  1.  c.,  4,  1900,  p.  250  (eggs  descr.);  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i, 
1907,  p.  220  (Piquete,  Ypiranga,  Alto  da  Serra,  Iguap6,  Ubatuba,  S.  Paulo); 
idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  para  1900,  1899,  p.  130  (Mundo 
Novo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul). 

Formicivora  loricata  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  ,Sci.  St. 
P6tersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  490,  pi.  4,  fig.  i  (d"),  2  (  9) 
("Rio  de  Janeiro"1*). 

Range :  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  State  of  Sao  Paulo  (and  Rio  de 
Janeiro?)0  south  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul. 

2:  Brazil  (Victoria  i,  Fazenda  Cayoa,  Salto  Grande,  Rio  Parana- 
panema,  State  of  Sao  Paulo  i). 

*Myrmoderus    a tro thorax    atrothorax     (Boddaert).     BLACK-THROATED 
ANTCATCHER. 

Formicarius  atiothorax  (typog.  error)  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  1783,  p.  44 
(based  on  "L'Alapi,  de  Cayenne"  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.,  701,  fig.  2;  =  <?). 

•  Most  probably  only  subspecifically  distinct  from  M.  loricatus. 

b  Two  males,  one  female,  obtained  by  Men£tries,  which  I  have  examined  in 
the  Paris  Museum,  appear  to  be  referable  to  M.  squamosus. — C.  E.  H. 

0  Besides  MenStries's  record  for  Rio  de  Janeiro,  there  is  also  a  male,  said  to  be 
from  Novo  Friburgo  (Rio),  in  the  British  Museum.  I  feel  extremely  doubtful  as 
to  the  correctness  of  either  locality.  M.  squamosus  is  evidently  the  southern  repre- 
sentative of  M .  loricatus,  and  it  seems  altogether  unlikely  that  both  should  occur 
in  the  vicinity  of  Rio  de  Janeiro.  Until  this  point  is  satisfactorily  settled,  it  seems 
wiser  to  regard  them — provisionally — as  specifically  distinct. — C.  E.  H. 


274  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Turdus  Alapi  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i,  (2),  1789,  p.  826  (based  on  the  same). 

Formicivora  alapi  BONAPARTE,  Bull.  Soc.  Linn.  Normandie,  2,  1857,  p.  34 
(Cayenne). 

Cercomacra atrothorax  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  245  (part;  Cayenne). 

Myrmeciza  atrothorax  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  428  (Merum6  Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  282  (part;  spec,  a-f,  Merumd  Mts.; 
Oyapoc,  Cayenne;  Rio  Negro);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
1902,  p.  77  (Munduapo,  R.  Orinoco;  La  Union,  La  Pricion,  Nicare,  Caura  R., 
Venezuela;  "Bogota,"  Colombia) ;  BERLEPSCH,  1.  c.,  15,  1908,  p.  158  (Cayenne, 
Roche-Marie,  French  Guiana);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  61,  1913,  p.  529 
(Varzea  of  e.  Maraj6);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  292  (Soure,  e.  Mar- 
aj6). 

Myrmeciza  atrothorax  atrothorax  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53, 
i9°3,  P-  214,  in  text  (range). 

Drymophila  atrothorax  JHERING,  Cat.  P.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  220  (range). 

Myrmoderas  atrothorax  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  288 
(Munduapo;  Caura  R.,  Venezuela);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  62,  1918,  p.  69  (Rijsdijkweg,  Surinam). 

Myrmoderus  atrothorax  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  62  (numerous 
localities  in  Brit.  Guiana). 

Cercomacra  melanura  (not  of  MENETRIES)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  85 
(part;  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro;  S.  Carlos,  R.  Cassiquiare,  s.  Venezuela; 
spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela 
(Caura-Orinoco  district);  northern  Brazil  (eastern  Maraj6;  Rio  Negro, 
from  Manaos  to  Marabitanas) ;  eastern  Colombia  ("Bogota"  collections). 

i:   Brazil  (Manaos  i). 

*Myrmoderus  atrothorax  melanurus  (Menttribs).*   SOUTHERN  BLACK- 
THROATED  ANTCATCHER. 

Formicivora  melanura  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3, 
Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  508,  pi.  8,  fig.  i  (o*1),  2(9)  ("montagnes  non  loin 

•  Myrmoderus  atrothorax  melanurus  (MENETR.)  :  Differs  from  M.  a.  atrothorax 
by  decidedly  slenderer  bill,  by  lacking  the  conspicuous  sooty  blackish  rump  (the 
latter  being  olive  or  light  russet  brown),  and  by  sooty  gray  (instead  of  blackish) 
upper  tail  coverts.  Besides,  the  slate  gray  on  forehead  and  superciliary  region  is 
more  extensive,  reaching  as  far  back  as  the  middle  of  the  eye,  while  the  upper  parts 
are  decidedly  lighter,  less  rufous  brown.  Furthermore,  the  males  have  the  belly  paler, 
ashy  gray  rather  than  slate  gray,  while  the  females  have  more  white  on  the  throat,  an 
extensive  pure  white  (instead  of  buff)  area  on  the  abdomen,  and  much  paler  olive 
brown  flanks. 

Material.  M.  a.  melanura:  nine  d"d",  seven  9  9  Matto  Grosso;  four  d"o*,  two 
9  9  San  Mateo;  one  o"  Guarayos,  e.  Bolivia.  M.  a.  atrothorax:  ten  c?d*,four  9  9 
French  Guiana;  one  c?  Munduapo;  two  0*0",  two  9  9  Caura  River;  one  o" 
"Bogota";  one  cf  Mandos;  one  o*  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro;  two  cfcf,  one  9 
San  Carlos,  Rio  Cassiquiare. — C.  E.  H. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  275 

de  la  ville  de  Queluz,  Minas  Geraes"  [errore!],  and  Cuyabd,  Matto  Grosso; 
the  types  in  the  Petrograd  Museum  are  from  Cuyabd;  see  CHROSTOWSKI, 
Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  1921,  p.  24);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd. 
naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  365  (ex  MENETRIES). 

Cercomacra  melanura  PELZELN,  Oin.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  85  (part;  Villa  Maria, 
Engenho  do  Gama,  w.  Matto  Grosso;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Myrmeciza  atrothorax  melanura  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53, 
*9°3F  P-  213,  214  (characters;  "Minas  Geraes,"  Matto  Grosso,  e.  Bolivia); 
idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  212  (Guarayos). 

Drymophila  atrothorax  melanura  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  220  (range); 
LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12,  (2),  1920,  p.  93  (Matto  Grosso). 

Cercomacra  atrothorax  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  245  (part;  Bolivia). 

Myrmeciza  atrothorax  (not  of  BODDAERT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  282  (part;  spec,  i-k,  Villa  Maria,  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso);  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  5,  1893,  p.  121  (Chapada,  Matto  Grosso). 

Myotkera  alapi  (not  of  GMELIN)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in 
Mag.  Zool.,  7,  1837,  cl.  2,  p.  14  (Bolivia). 

Formicivora  alapi  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  212  (Yura- 
cares,  Guarayos,  e.  Bolivia;  descr.  tf). 

Range:  Western  Brazil,  in  State  of  Matto  Grosso  (Cuyaba,  Cha- 
pada, Tapirapoan,  Utiarity,  Campos  Novas,  Roosevelt  River,  Engenho 
do  Gama,  Villa  Maria  (=San  Luis  de  Caceres)),  and  eastern  Bolivia 
(San  Mateo,  Guarayos). 

i :  Bolivia  (mouth  of  Rio  San  Antonio  i). 


Myrmoderus  atrothorax  maynanus  (Taczanowski) .»  PERUVIAN  BLACK- 
THROATED  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  maynana  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  32  (Yurimaguas, 
ne.  Peru;  descr.  <?);  idem,  Orn.  Pe>ou,  2,  1884,  p.  60  (Yurimaguas);  MENE- 
GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  36 
(ne.  Peru;  characters). 

Myrmeciza  atrothorax  maynana  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53, 
1903,  P-  214  (ne.  Peru). 

Myrmeciza  atrothorax  (not  of  BODDAERT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  282  (part;  spec,  g,  h,  Samiria,  Chamicuros,  e.  Peru). 

nge:   Northern  Peru  (Yurimaguas,  Chamicuros,  Samiria). 

•  Myrmoderus  atrothorax  maynanus  (TACZ.):  Male  differs  from  M.  a.  atrothorax 
by  dark  slate  gray  pileum  and  back,  only  the  lower  back  being  slightly  suffused 
with  brownish  olive;  the  abdomen  also  is  darker  slate  gray,  and  the  bill  somewhat 
wider.  Wing,  64;  tail,  61.  Female  unknown. — C.  E.  H. 


276  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myrmoderus  griseiceps  Chapman.*   GRAY-HEADED  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmoderus  griseiceps  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  86,  Aug.  1923,  p.  6 
(Palambla,  west  slope  of  w.  Andes,  Dept.  Piura,  nw.  Peru). 

Range:  Subtropical  zone  of  northwestern  Peru  (Dept.  Piura)  and 
southwestern  Ecuador  (Celica,  Alamor,  La  Chonta,  Prov.  Loja). 

Myrmoderus  pelzelni  (Sclater).b  GRAY-BELLIED  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  pelzelni  SCLATER,  Cat.  Birds  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 1890,  p.  283  (Marabitanas, 
Rio  Negro  [type];  "Oyapoc,  Cayenne";  descr.  d\  9);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov. 
Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  158  ("Oyapoc,  Cayenne");  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 
8,  1914,  p.  292  (Amazonia,  "Guyana"). 

Drymophila  pelzelni  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  220  (Rio  Negro; 
"Cayenne"). 

Cercomacra  ruficauda  (not  Myiothera  ruficauda  WIED)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2, 
Sept.  1868,  p.  85,  158  (Marabitanas,  upper  Rio  Negro;  types  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Northwestern  Brazil  (Marabitanas,  upper  Rio  Negro).« 

•  Myrmoderus  griseiceps  CHAPMAN:  Adult  female  (Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
No.  156,220  Alamor,  Prov.  de  Loja,  Ecuador,  October  3,  1920,  Geo.  K.  Cherrie). 
Crown,  hindneck  and  sides  of  head  neutral  gray;  back  and  upper  tail  coverts  about 
Dresden  brown,  interscapular  feathers  extensively  white  at  base,  with  a  subterminal 
black  band ;  bend  of  wing  white;  upper  wing  coverts  deep  black,  the  lesser  and  median 
series  apically  margined  with  white,  the  greater  series  with  buff;  alula  and  primary 
coverts  black,  narrowly  edged  with  white  at  tip;  quills  dusky,  externally  margined 
with  Dresden  brown;  rectrices  slate  gray,  all  but  the  two  central  pairs  with  dis- 
tinct white  apical  margins;  sides  of  head  gray;  throat  grayish  white,  foreneck  and 
middle  of  chest  black,  terminally  edged  with  dingy  gray;  abdomen  dull  fulvous, 
inclining  to  whitish  along  middle  line,  more  grayish  on  sides  of  breast;  under  wing 
coverts  and  quill  lining  white.  Wing  61;  tail  55;  bill  17.  Male  (according  to 
Chapman)  with  throat  and  breast  blacker,  and  abdomen  mostly  gray. 

This  species  is  nearest  to  M.  a.  atrothorax,  but  may  be  readily  distinguished  by- 
its  gray  pileum,  much  lighter  back,  without  any  sooty  on  rump  and  upper  tail 
coverts,  slate  gray  rectrices  with  white  apical  margins,  etc.,  etc.,— C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmoderus  pelzelni  (SCLATER)  :  This  very  distinct  species  resembles  M .  h.  hem- 
imelaenus  in  castaneous  coloration  of  back  and  tail,  and  russet  brown  flanks,  but 
differs  by  lacking  the  white  interscapular  patch  and  by  having  the  pileum  and 
hindneck  rufous  brown  like  the  back  (instead  of  dark  slate  gray).  The  male,  too, 
has  the  middle  of  the  belly  pale  slate  gray  (instead  of  white),  while  the  apical  spots 
on  the  lesser  and  median  upper  wing  coverts  are  larger  and  bright  buff,  instead  of 
pure  white.  The  female  is  quite  differently  colored  underneath,  being  white,  with 
irregular,  subsquamate  sooty  blackish  markings  on  foreneck  and  chest,  becoming 
evanescent  towards  the  abdomen,  strongly  washed  with  russet  brown  on  flanks. 
In  relative  length  of  tail  M.  pelzelni  occupies  an  intermediate  position  between 
M.  atrothorax  and  M.  hemimelaenus;  the  bill  is  more  like  that  of  the  former, 
though  slightly  more  slender.  Wing  (two  cTcf)  58,  62,  (two  9  9)  57,  59;  tail  45-50; 
bill  15-16.  Four  specimens  from  Marabitanas  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

0  The  locality  "Oyapoc,  Cayenne"  (ex  Madame  Verdey  of  Paris)  requires 
confirmation. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  277 

*Myrmoderus  hemimelaenus  hemimelaenus  (Sclater).    WHITE -BELLIED 
ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  hemimdaena  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  1857,  p.  48  (Bolivia;  descr. 

o",    9);  idem,  1.  c.t  26,  1858,  p.  249  (Bolivia);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c., 

1867,  p.  750,  757  (Xeberos,  n.  Peru);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  275  (Xeberos); 

TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1882,  p.  31  (Huambo,  n.  Peru;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.) ; 

idem,  Orn.  Peiou,  2,  1884,  p.  59  (part;  Xeberos,  Huambo);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 

Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  283  (Bolivia;  Huallaga,  Chamicuros,  e.  Peru;  Sara- 

yacu,  e.  Ecuador). 
Myrmeciza  hemimelaena  hemimdaena  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  364 

(range);  idem,  1.  c.,  28,  1921,  p.  208  (Yuracares,  Bolivia). 
Tamnophilus   guttata    (not    Myrmothera   guttata   VIEILLOT)    LAFRESNAYE   and 

D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  1837,  cl.  2,  p.  13  (no  locality). 
Thamnophilus  guttatus  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  merid.,  Ois.,   1838,  p.   177 

(Yuracares;  spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr.  c?  ad.). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  northern  Bolivia  (San  Mateo,  Yuracares, 
Rio  Espirito  Santo,  Yungas  of  Cochabamba) ;  southeastern  and  eastern 
Peru  (Marcapata,  Dept.  of  Cuzco;  Xeberos,  Huambo,  Dept.  Loreto); 
according  to  Sclater  also  in  eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu).' 

5:   Bolivia  (Rio  Espirito  Santo  5). 

Myrmoderus  hemimelaenus  spodiogaster  (Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann)  .b 
STOLZMANN'S  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  spodiogastra  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ibis,  (6th  ser.),  6,  1894, 
P-  397  (Borgona,  Chanchamayo  Valley,  Dept.  Junin;  descr.  &,  9);  idem, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  383  (Borgona). 

Myrmeciza  hemimelaena  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874, 
p.  530  (Amable  Maria,  Dept.  Junin;  [?]  Monterico,  Dept.  Ayacucho);  idem, 
Orn.  Peiou,  2,  1884,  p.  59  (part;  Amable  Maria;  [?]  Monterico). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  central  Peru,  in  Dept.  Junin  (Chancha- 
mayo district). 

Myrmoderus    hemimelaenus    pallens    (Berlepsch    and    Hellmayr}.0 
EASTERN  WHITE-BELLIED  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  hemimelaena  pattens  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Ornith.,  53, 

•  No  Ecuadorian  specimens  seen.    One  male  and  two  females  from  Huambo, 
n.  Peru,  appear  to  be  indistinguishable  from  others  taken  in  Bolivia  and  se.  Peru 
(Marcapata).   Nineteen  examples  examined. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmoderus  hemimelaenus  spodiogaster  (BERL.  and  STOLZM.):  This  form, 
unknown  to  the  authors,  is  stated  to  differ  from  the  typical  race  by  the  male  having 
the  middle  of  the  abdomen  pale  slate  gray  suffused  with  black  (instead  of  pure 
white),  and  by  the  paler  ferruginous  throat  of  the  female.  It  appears  to  be  at 
best  a  geographical  race  with  the  range  restricted  to  the  Chanchamayo  region. 

•  Myrmoderus  hemimelaenus  pollens   (BERL.  and   HELLM)  :    Male  differs  from 
M.  h.  hemimelaenus  by  paler  (cinnamomeous  rather  than  castaneous)  coloration  of 


278  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Jan.  1905,  p.  32  (Villa  Bella  de  Matto  Grosso,  w.  Matto  Grosso;  type  in 
Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910, 
p.  364  (Calama,  Jamarysinho,  Rio  Madeira;  Maroins,  Rio  Machados;  crit.), 
365  (range);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  293  (Victoria,  Ponte 
Nova,  Forte  Amb6,  Rio  Xingii;  Cussary,  Tamucury,  south  bank  of  lower 
Amazon;  Santarem,  R.  Tapaj6z). 

Drymophila  juruana  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  May  1905,  p.  442  (new  name 
for  Formicivora  ruficauda  PELZELN,  preoccupied;  Rio  Jurua,  spec.  (9)  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.). 

Drymophila  hemimelaena  juruana  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  220  (Rio 
Jurua). 

Formicivora  ruficauda  (not  Myiothera  ruficauda  WIED)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2, 
Sept.  1868,  p.  83,  155  (Engenho  do  Gama,  Villa  Bella  de  Matto  Grosso, 
w.  Matto  Grosso;  descr.  cf);  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53, 
1903,  p.  213  (crit.). 

Range:  Northern  and  western  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from 
the  Tapaj6z  (Santarem)  west  to  the  rivers  Madeira  and  Jurua,  south 
to  western  Matto  Grosso  (Rio  Guapore"). 


Genus  FORMICARIUS  Boddaert. 

Formicarius  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  1783,  p.  43,  44,  50  (type  by  subs,  desig., 
Gray,  1840,  p.  26,  Formicarius  cayanensis  BODDAERT  =  Formicarius  col  ma 
BODDAERT). 

Myiothera  ILLIGER,  Prodr.  Syst.  Mamm.  Av.,  1811,  p.  218  (type  by  subs,  desig., 
SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  i,  1824,  p.  302,  Turdus  Colma  GMELIN  =  Formi- 
carius colma  BODDAERT). 

Myocincla  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  2,  July  1837,  p.  230  (type  by  monotypy, 
M.  colma). 

Formicarius  ruficeps  ruficeps  (Spix).   CHESTNUT-CAPPED  ANTTHRUSH. 

Myolhkra  ruficeps  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i,  1824,  p.  72,  pi.  72,  fig.  i  (no  locality  given, 
we  suggest  Prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  se.  Brazil;  type  in  Munich  Museum  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.). 

Myioturdus  tetema  (not  Myrmothera  tetema  VIEILLOT)  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg. 
Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1038  (Mucuri,  n.  Espirito  Santo);  MENETRIES,  Me'm. 
Ac.  Sci.  St.  PStersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  466  (Rio  de 
Janeiro  and  "Minas  Geraes"). 

Myiothera  tetema  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  46  (Novo 
Friburgo). 

back  and  wings,  clearer  cinnamon  rufous  tail,  much  lighter  fulvescent  flanks,  by 
the  black  below  being  restricted  to  throat  and  fpreneck,  and  the  white  abdominal 
area  consequently  much  more  extensive;  female  distinguished  by  much  paler,  ochra- 
ceous  instead  of  ferruginous  throat,  nearly  pure  white  (not  ochreous  buff)  middle 
of  the  belly,  and  much  lighter  upper  parts.  Wing  (eleven  cTcf)  56-58,  (five  9  91 
53-56;  tail  34-39;  bill  14-15. — C.  E.  H. 


IQ24-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  279 

Formicarius  ruficeps  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  90  (part;  spec,  collected 
by  Kammerlacher  [in  Bahia]  and  Beske  [at  Novo  Friburgo],  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.),  168  (synon.,  characters);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 
Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906,  p.  619,  620  (crit.  on  type);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i, 
i9°7»  P-  224  (Ubatuba,  S.  Paulo;  Rio  Doce,  Esp.  Santo). 

Formicarius  ruficepes  (sic)  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12,  (2),  1920,  p.  99  (Ilheos- 
Belmonte,  s.  Bahia). 

Myrmornis  ruficeps  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  22,  1874,  P-  85  (Cantagallo;  char- 
acters). 

Formicarius  cayanensis  (not  of  BODDAERT)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p. 
277  (part;  descr.  et  hab.,  se.  Brazil);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16, 
Nov.  1893,  p.  670  (Bahia,  Sao  Paulo,  se.  Brazil). 

Formicarius  cayennensis  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  74  (part;  descr.  et 
hab.,  se  Brazil). 

Formicarius  colma  (not  of  BODDAERT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  302  (Sao  Paulo,  Bahia,  se.  Brazil);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899, 
p.  245  (Iguape1,  S.  Paulo);  idem,  1.  c.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Cantagallo,  Novo 
Friburgo). 

Range:  Coast  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  southern  Bahia 
(Caravellas,  Ilhebs,  Belmonte)  through  Espirito  Santo  and  Rio  to  Sao 
Paulo  (Iguape,  Sao  Sebastiao,  Ubatuba)  and  Santa  Catharina  (Ilha  de 
Santa  Catharina).* 

*Formicarius  ruficeps  amazonicus  Hellniayr.b  AMAZONIAN  ANTTHRUSH. 

Formicarius  ruficeps  amazonicus  HELLMAYR,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  10,  March 
1902,  p.  34  (Borba,  Rio  Madeira  [type];  Para;  [Villa  Bella  de]  Matto  Grosso, 
w.  Matto  Grosso);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  1905,  p.  292  (Igarap6-Assu,  Pard); 
SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  287  (Pard);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
14,  1907,  p.  390  (Borba,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  369  (Borba); 
idem,  Abhdl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  50  (Peixe- 
Boi,  Ipitinga),  93  (Pard  localities);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914, 
P-  315  (Pard,  Benevides,  Sta.  Isabel;  Cametd,  Alcobaca,  Arumatheua,  R.  To- 
cantins;  Bocca  do  Curud,  Rio  Iriri;  Boim,  Pinhel,  Villa  Braga,  Pimental, 
R.  Tapaj6z;  Tucunar6,  Rio  Jamauchim). 

Formicarius  ruficeps  (not  of  SPIX)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  90  (part; 
Pard,  Borba,  City  of  Matto  Grosso,  w.  Matto  Grosso);  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  373  (S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  Pard);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ. 
Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  533  (Alcobaca,  Rio  Tocantins). 


•  Material  examined  by  C.  E.  H.:  Four  from  Bahia;  two  cTcf,  one  9  Sao 
SebastiSo;  one  d",  one  9  Ubatuba;  one  d"  Iguape,  Sao  Paulo;  one  Novo  Friburgo, 
Rio;  one  9  Ilha  de  Santa  Catharina. 

b  Formicarius  ruficeps  amazonicus  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  F.  r.  ruficeps,  but 
smaller,  tail  particularly  so;  rufous  of  head  deeper,  and  upper  parts  brownish  (instead 
of  greenish)  olive.  Wing  (13  specimens)  82-87;  tail  47-52  (against  84-90,  resp.  52-57 
in  F.  r.  ruficeps).— C.  E.  H. 


280  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  Maranhao 
west  to  the  Rio  Madeira  (right  bank),  southwards  to  western  Matto 
Grosso  (Villa  Bella,  Rio  Guapor6). 

i:  Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao). 

Formicarius  ruficeps  orinocensis  Todd.*  CAURA  RIVER  ANTTHRUSH. 

Formicarius  ruficeps  orinocensis  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  33,  Dec.  1920, 

p.  73  (La  Lajita,  Rio  Caura,  Venezuela). 
Formicarius  ruficeps  (not  of  SPIX)  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,   2, 

1916,  p.  292  (La  Union,  Caura  R.). 

Range:  Eastern  Venezuela  (Caura  Valley). 

*Formicarius  colma  colma  Boddaert.   GUIANAN  ANTTHRUSH. 

Formicarius  Colma  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PL  enl.,  1783,  p.  44  (based  on  "Le  Colma, 
de  Cayenne"  Daubenton,  PL  enl.,  703,  fig.  i;  =juv.). 

Formicarius  cayanensis  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PL  enl.,  1783,  p.  50  (based  on  "Le 
Tetema,  de  Cayenne"  Daubenton,  PL  enl.,  821;  =adult). 

Myrmothera  tetema  VIEILLOT,  Tabl.  enc.  m6th.,  Ornith.,  2,  livr.  91,  1822,  p.  683 
(based  on  Daubenton,  PL  enl.  821). 

Formicarius  nigrifrons  glaucopectus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  Nov.  1893, 
p.  673  (British  Guiana). 

Formicarius  tamiesoni  PENARD  and  PENARD,  Vogels  Guyana,  2,  1910,  p.  335 
(Demerara,  Brit.  Guiana;  =juv.). 

Myiothera  colma  SCHOMBURGK,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  2, 1848,  p.  287  (Valley  of  the 
Muyang,  near  Yawangra,  tributary  of  the  Zuruma,  n.  Brazil);  CAB  AMIS, 
ibid.,  3,  1848,  p.  686  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Formicarius  cayanensis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  90,168  (characters; 
descr.  of  9  ad.  and  juv.;  part,  Rio  Branco,  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  =  Manaos). 

Formicarius  nigrifrons  (not  of  GOULD)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  429  (Bartica  Grove, 
Camacusa);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  303  (part;  spec,  a-j, 
Oyapoc,  Cayenne,  Bartica,  Camacusa,  Demerara,  Brit.  Guiana;  spec,  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  ZooL,  9,  1902,  p.  80 
(part;  Suapure,  La  Pricion,  Nicare,  Caura  River,  Venezuela). 

Formicarius  colma  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  1906, 
p.  620  (part.:  Cayenne,  Guiana);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  ZooL,  15,  1908,  p.  163 
(Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague,  Roche-Marie,  Oyapoc,  Cayenne,  French  Guiana) ; 
SKETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  315  (part;  S.  Antonio  da  Cachoeira, 
Rio  Jary,  Obidos);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  74  (Brit.  Guiana; 
notes  on  9  )• 

•  Formicarius  ruficeps  orinocensis  TODD:  "Similar  to  F.  r.  amazonicus,  but 
decidedly  more  brownish  (nearest  raw  umber),  less  olivaceous  above;  pileum  obvi- 
ously darker  (chestnut  instead  of  Sanford's  brown)  with  lateral  margin  but  little 
paler;  under  wing  coverts  and  base  of  primaries  below  deeper  rusty  buff."  (TooD, 
1.  c.)  Unknown  to  the  authors. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  281 

Formicarius  colma  colma  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  292 
(part;  El  Llagual,  La  Union,  Caura  R.;  notes  on  9);  BANGS  and  PENARD, 
Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  1918,  p.  70  (Paramaribo,  Surinam). 
Range:    French,   Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  eastern    Venezuela 
(Caura  Valley) ;  northern  Brazil,  from  the  Guianan  border  south  to  the 
north  bank  of  the  Amazon  (Rio  Jary,  Obidos,  Mandos)." 

2 :  British  Guiana  (Demerara  i) ;  Brazil  (Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista, 
Rio  Branco  i). 

Formicarius  colma  nigrifrons  Gould*  PERUVIAN  ANTTHRUSH. 

Formicarius  nigrifrons  GOULD,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (2d  ser.),  15,  1855,  p.  344 
(Chamicuros,  e.  Peru;  type  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  68  (reprint);  SCLATER,  1.  c.,  p.  145  (Bogota) ;  idem, 
1.  c.,  26, 1858,  p.  68  (Rio  Napo),  277  (Bogota;  Chamicuros;  descr.) ;  SALVIN,  1.  c., 
1866,  p.  74  (e.  Peru;  New  Granada);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  277 
(Chamicuros);  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1882,  p.  32  (Yurimaguas) ;  idem,  Orn. 
P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  77  (part;  Chamicuros,  Yurimaguas,  e.  Peru;  Sarayacu, 
e.  Ecuador;  excl.  Oyapoc,  Cayenne);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  303  (part;  spec,  k-p,  Bogota;  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  Chamicuros;  spec, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  672  (Rio 
Napo;  descr.);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  80  (part; 
Nericagua,  R.  Orinoco). 

Formicarius  colma  nigrifrons  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  17  (Bom 
Lugar,  Ponto  Alegre,  R.  Punis);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  388  (La  Morelia,  Florencia,  R.  Caqueta,  se.  Colombia). 

Formicarius  cayanensis  (not  of  BODDAERT)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  90, 
1 68  (part;  Marabi tanas,  upper  Rio  Negro). 

Formicarius  colma  (not  of  BODDAERT)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  73 
(Tefffi,  Rio  Solimoes),  390  (Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910, 
p.  368  (Calama;  Maroins,  Rio  Machados);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 
8,  1914,  p.  315  (part;  Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Purus). 

Formicarius  colma  colma  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  292 
(part;  Nericagua,  R.  Orinoco;  nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  the  east  Andean  slope  of  Colombia 
("Bogota";  La  Morelia,  Florencia,  Rio  Caquetd;  Cuembi,  Rio  Putu- 

•  With  eleven  specimens  from  British  Guiana  (glaucopectus)  and  seven  from 
French  Guiana  (colma)  before  me,  I  fail  to  see  any  difference  between  the  two,  nor 
am  I  able  to  separate  two  Brazilian  skins  (one  each  from  Mandos  and  the  Rio 
Branco)  and  three  from  e.  Venezuela  (Caura  River).  In  opposition  to  F.  ruficeps 
which  always  has  a  black  throat  in  the  female  as  well  as  in  the  male  sex,  the 
female  of  colma  appears  to  be  dimorphic,  some  having  a  white,  others  a  black 
throat.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Formicarius  colma  nigrifrons  GOULD  :  Very  close  to  F.  c.  colma,  but  bill  decidedly 
smaller;  black  of  throat  and  foreneck  deeper  and  usually  well  extended  over  the 
chest;  abdomen  darker;  basal  portion  of  tail  more  deeply  brown,  with  the  blackish 
terminal  zone  more  pronounced. 

Though  not  strongly  marked,  this  form  is  in  most  cases  separable,  at  least  by 
one  or  several  of  the  above  characters.  Single  examples  are  not  always  identifiable 
with  certainty.— C.  E.  H. 


282  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

mayo)  and  the  upper  stretches  of  the  Orinoco  (Nericagua,  north  of 
San  Fernando  de  Atabapo)  through  eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu,  Rio 
Napo)  and  northwestern  Brazil  (Marabitanas,  on  the  upper  Rio 
Negro)  south  to  eastern  Peru  (Yurimaguas,  Chamicuros,  Dept.  Loreto; 
Chuchurras,  Dept.  Huanuco)  and  western  Brazil  (Rio  Solimoes;  Rio 
Purtis),  east  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Rio  Madeira  (Calama;  Rio 
Machados).' 

*Formicarius  analis  analis    (Lafresnaye   and    D'Orbigny).     RUFOUS- 
VENTED  ANTTHRUSH. 

Myothera  analis  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
1837,  cl.  2,  p.  14  (Yuracares  and  Chiquitos,  Bolivia);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage 
Amer.  m6rid.,  Ois.,  1838,  p,  191,  pi.  6  bis,  fig.  i  (same  localities;  type  no 
longer  in  Paris  Museum). 

Myiothera  analis  HARTLAUB,  Journ.  Ornith.,  2,  1854,  p.  259  (Pard). 

Formicarius  analis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  277  (part;  Bolivia,  Para); 
SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1866,  p.  74  (part;  Bolivia);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  90 
(Salto  do  Girao,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  751  (Xeberos,  Chyavetas);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  277  (same  localities) ; 
TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1882,  p.  32  (Huambo);  idem,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  78 
(Peruvian  localities);  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  37,  1889,  p.  305  (Shanusi, 
near  Yurimaguas,  Peru);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  98 
(Yungas,  Bolivia);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  304  (part;  spec. 
k-n,  Iquitos,  Chyavetas,  Sarayacu,  e.  Peru,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  RIDGWAY, 
Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  673  (part;  Iquitos,  n.  Peru;  Yungas,  Bolivia); 
JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  443  (Rio  Jurua);  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz., 
*>  i9°7.  P-  224  (Ri°  Jurua);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  17  (Bom 
Lugar,  R.  Purus),  513  (Itaituba,  Tapaj6z),  533  (Arumatheua) ;  idem,  Bol. 
Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  315  (Para,  Providencia,  Benevides,  Maguary;  Rio 
Guama;  Rio  Acara;  Baiao,  Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins;  Itaituba,  Tapajdz; 
Bom  Lugar,  Ponto  Alegre,  R.  Purvis). b 

Formicarius  analis  analis  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  614  (Bolivia,  e.  Peru; 
charact.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  73  (Teffe,  Rio  Solimogs), 
391  (Humaytha,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira),  392  (range);  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  369 
(Calama,  S.  Isabel,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr. 
Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  50  (Peixe-Boi,  Para),  93  (Para  localities); 
idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  211  (Bolivia). 

Formicarius  crissalis  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  576  (Para;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 

•  Six  adults  from  the  Rio  Madeira  are  identical  with  the  type,  another  adult 
male  from  Peru  (Chuchurras)  and  seven  specimens  from  e.  Ecuador  (Sarayacu)  and 
"Bogota."  Five  from  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro,  while  somewhat  intermediate 
between  colma  and  nigrifrons,  are  nearer  the  latter,  to  which  a  single  male  from 
Nericagua,  Rio  Orinoco,  must  be  referred  for  geographic  reasons. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Birds  from  Monte  Alegre,  north  bank  of  Amazon  (see  SNETHLAGE,  Journ. 
Ornith.,  SS,  1907,  p.  288,  s.  n.  F.  crissalis;  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  315,  s.  n. 
F.  analis)  are  more  likely  to  belong  to  F.  analis  crissalis  (CABANIS).  No  specimen 
is  available.— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  283 

Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  305  (part;  spec,  n,  Pard);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith., 
55.  19°7>  P-  288  (part;  Para,  Rio  Acard,  Ourem). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  Maranhao 
westward  to  the  Solimoes  and  Purus,  south  to  the  upper  Rio  Madeira: 
northern  Bolivia  (Yuracares,  Rio  San  Mateo) ;  eastern  Peru,  in  depts. 
Junin  (Chanchamayo")  and  Loreto  (Sarayacu,  Rio  Ucayali;  Xeberos, 
Chyavetas,  Yurimaguas,  Huambo;  Iquitos,  north  bank  of  Rio  Mar- 
afion).b 

2:   Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  2). 

Formicarius    analis    crissalis    (Cdbanis).*     CINNAMON-NECKED   ANT- 
THRUSH. 

Myrmornis  crissalis  CABAMS,d  Journ.  Ornith.,  9,  1861,  p.  96  (Roraima,  Brit 

Guiana). 
Myiothera  analis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk, 

Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  1848,  p.  686  (foot  of  Roraima). 

Formicarius  analis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,   1858,  p.  277    (part;    Cay- 
enne, Roraima). 
Formicarius  hoffmanni  (not  of  CABANIS)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  429  (Camacusa, 

Brit.  Guiana). 
Formicarius  crissalis  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  75  (part;  Cayenne,  Guiana)' 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  305  (part;  spec,  a,  e-m,  Cayenne, 

Carimang  R.,  Camacusa,  Takutu  R.,  Brit.  Guiana;  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 

RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  676  (Carimang  R.,  Brit.  Guiana); 

BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  163  (Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague);  CHUBB, 

Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  75  (Brit.  Guiana). 
Formicarius  analis  crissalis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  391  in  text 

(characters),  392  (range). 

Range:  French  and  British  Guiana  (possibly  extending  south  to 
the  north  bank  of  the  Amazon). 

•  A  female  obtained  by  C.  A.  Schunke  in  July,  1904,  in  the  Tring  Museum. — 
C.  E.  H. 

b  Two  adults  from  Iquitos  agree  very  well  with  a  large  series  from  Brazil 
(Punis,  Rio  Madeira),  Bolivia,  and  more  southern  localities  in  Peru  (Yurimaguas, 
Chanchamayo).  Four  specimens  from  Pard  are  apparently  not  separable  either;  in 
any  case,  they  do  not  pertain  to  F.  a.  crissalis.  Twenty-two  specimens  examined 
by  C.  E.  H. 

•  Formicarius  analis  crissalis  (CABANIS):    Differs  chiefly  from  F.  a.  analis  by 
much  brighter  vinous  cinnamon  auriculars  and  sides  of  neck,  darker  ("mummy 
brown"  instead  of  "bistre  brown")  upper  parts,  and  generally  larger  bill.    Three 
from  French,  six  from  British  Guiana  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

d  An  earlier  name  is  probably  Myrmothcra  fuscicapilla  VIEILLOT  (Nouv.  Diet. 
d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  ed.,  12,  1817,  p.  112:  no  locality).  There  are,  however,  several 
discrepancies  in  the  description — the  upper  parts  aie  said  to  be  "d'un  bleu  d'ardoise 
fonc6" — and  the  type  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  Paris  Museum. — C.  E.  H. 


284  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Formicarius  analis  connectens   Chapman.*     EAST  COLOMBIAN  ANT- 
THRUSH. 

Formicarius  analis  ccnnectens  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  33,  March 
1914,  p.  173  (Villavicencio,  e.  Colombia);  idem,  1.  c.,  36,  1917,  p.  389  (Villa- 
vicencio;  La  Morelia,  Rio  Caqueta). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  eastern  Colombia  (Villavicencio;  La 
Morelia,  Rio  Caquetd). 

Formicarius   analis   zamorae    Chapman*     EAST   ECUADORIAN   ANT- 
THRUSH. 

Formicarius  analis  zamorae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  96,  Nov.  1923, 
p.  9  (Zamora,  e.  Ecuador). 

Formicarius  analis  (not  of  LAFR.  and  D'ORB.)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858, 
p.  68  (Rio  Napo);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  304  (part;  spec,  h-j, 
Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus., 
16,  1893,  p.  673  (part;  spec,  ex  Sarayacu,  "ne.  Peru"  =  e.  Ecuador). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  eastern  Ecuador  (Zamora,  Rio  Suno, 
Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo). 

*Formicarius  analis  saturatus  Ridgway.    RUFOUS-NECKED  ANTTHRUSH. 

Formicarius  saturatus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  Nov.  1893,  p.  677  (Princes- 
town,  Trinidad  [type];  San  Esteban,  n.  Venezuela;  Remedies,  Antioquia). 

Formicarius  analis  (not  of  LAFR.  and  D'ORB.)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26, 
1858,  p.  277  (part;  Trinidad). 

Myrmornis  analis  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  7  ("Puerto 
Cabello,"  Venezuela). 

Formicarius  hoffmanni  (not  of  CABANIS)  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  1866,  p.  187 
(Trinidad);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  526  (Remedies, 
Antioquia;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Formicarius  crissalis  (not  of  CABANIS)  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  75  (part; 
Trinidad);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1869,  p.  252  (San  Esteban,  Venezuela; 

•  Formicarius  analis  connectens  CHAPMAN:  Most  nearly  related  to  F,  a.  saturatus, 
but  cinnamon  at  sides  of  throat  wholly  absent  or  but  faintly  indicated;  upper  parts 
less  rufescent,  more  olivaceous;  breast  darker,  throat  patch  consequently  less 
sharply  defined;  size  smaller  (wing  86;  tail  52;  bill  18);  from  F.  a.  analis  dis- 
tinguished by  averaging  darker  below,  particularly  on  the  breast,  with  the  black 
throat  less  abruptly  denned.  This  form  is  unknown  to  the  writers. 

b  Formicarius  analis  zamorae  CHAPMAN:  Similar  to  specimens  of  F.  a.  analis 
with  little  or  no  cinnamon  on  sides  of  neck;  but  decidedly  darker  underneath,  the 
chest  dark  sooty  slate,  the  sides  deep  olive  gray,  the  under  tail  coverts  much  darker, 
chestnut  instead  of  deep  tawny;  crown  darker,  with  the  feathers  centrally  blackish; 
tail  more  blackish.  Wing  89-81;  tail  52-53;  bill  19.  Four  specimens  from  Sara- 
yacu, e.  Ecuador. 

This  form,  in  some  respects,  approaches  the  w.  Ecuadorian  F.  nigricapittus 
destructus,  suggesting  conspecific  relations  to  the  black  headed  section,  which,  how- 
ever, has  a  representative  in  e.  Costa  Rica,  where  a  member  of  the  analis  group 
(umbrosus)  also  occurs. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  285 

spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  305 
(part;  spec,  b-d,  Trinidad;  Remedies,  Antioquia;  San  Esteban). 

Formicarius  analis  saturatus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6,  1894, 
P-  53  (Trinidad);  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5, 
1912,  p.  129  (San  Esteban  Valley,  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Venezuela;  crit.); 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  390  (upper  Atrato; 
Puerto  Valdivia,  lower  Cauca;  Rio  Frio;  Malena,  Puerto  Berrio,  R.  Mag- 
dalena,  Colombia). 

Formicarius  hoffmanni  saturatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  33  (Caparo, 
Valencia,  Aripo,  Trinidad);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  I, 
No.  8,  1906,  p.  192  (Aripo);  No.  13,  1908,  p.  366  (Aripo,  Carenage,  Trinidad). 

Range:  Island  of  Trinidad;  northern  Venezuela,  along  the  Carib- 
bean coast  from  Bermudez  (Yacua;  Los  dos  Rios,  inland  of  Cumand) 
to  Carabobo  (San  Esteban,  Cumbre  de  Valencia),  Lara  (mountains 
near  Bucarito,  Tocuyo),  Tachira  (San  Cristobal)  and  southern  Zulia 
(Orope) ;  apparently  also  in  central  Colombia  (Malena,  Puerto  Berrio, 
Magdalena  River;  Remedies ;  Cauca  Valley;  (?)  upper  Atrato). a 

4:  Trinidad  i;  Venezuela  (Orope  3). 

Formicarius  analis  virescens  Todd.b  SANTA  MARTA  ANTTHRUSH. 

Formicarius  moniliger  virescens  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  28,  April  1915, 

p.  30  (Fundaci6n,  Santa  Marta  district,  n.  Colombia). 
Formicarius  analis  virescens  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 

1922,  p.  302  (Fundaci6n,  Tucurinca). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  at  western  base  of  Santa  Marta  Mountains, 
northern  Colombia. 

*Formicarius  analis  panamensis  Ridgway.0   PANAMA  ANTTHRUSH. 

Formicarius  moniliger  panamensis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  1908, 
p.  195  (Lion  Hill  Station,  Panama  R.  R.);  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 

•  A  series  of  some  twenty  examples  from  Venezuela  (Bermudez;  San  Esteban, 
Cumbre  de  Valencia;  San  Cristobal,  Tachira)  are  practically  identical  with  fourteen 
topotypes  from  Trinidad.  Two  from  Grope,  Zulia,  do  not  differ  either,  while  a  third 
from  this  locality,  by  its  more  greenish  back,  appears  to  approach  F.  a.  virescens 
which,  however,  we  have  not  had  an  opportunity  of  directly  comparing.  I  do  not 
see  any  tangible  divergency  from  the  characters  of  saturatus  in  the  few  Colombian 
specimens  (one  each  from  Remedies  and  the  Cauca  Valley)  examined,  although  it 
may  be  that  they  are  slightly  paler  and  more  grayish  underneath,  with  the  crissum 
rather  deeper,  and  the  white  loral  spot  less  developed.  The  Atrato  bird  should  be 
carefully  compared  with  F.  a.  panamensis. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Formicarius  analis  virescens  TODD:  Stated  to  differ  from  F.  a.  saturatus  by 
olivaceous  (medal  bronze)  instead  of  brownish  upper  parts;  paler  and  more  grayish 
belly;  lighter  under  tail  coverts;  more  distinctly  cinnamomeous  hindneck  and  sides 
of  neck;  less  rufescent  tail,  with  the  dusky  apical  portion  averaging  more  restricted. 
Unknown  to  the  authors. 

c  While  closely  resembling  F.  a.  saturatus  in  general  coloration,  this  form  is 
easily  recognizable  by  its  decidedly  russet  forehead,  more  or  less  contrasting  with 
color  of  crown. — C.  E.  H. 


286  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1911,  p.  124  (e.  Panama);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  70,  1918,  p.  261 
(Gatun,  Panama). 

Formicarius  analis  (not  of  LAFR.  and  D'ORB.)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist., 
7,  1862,  p.  326  (Lion  Hill  Station). 

Formicarius  hoffmanni  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1864,  p.  357  (Lion  Hill);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  304  (part; 
Chepo,  Panama);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892, 
p.  234  (part;  Lion  Hill,  Obispo,  Paraiso,  Chepo,  Panama);  RIDGWAY,  Proc. 
U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  679  (part;  Panama);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  339,  1899,  p.  7  (Laguna  del  Pita,  R.  Tuyra,  Darien); 
BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  1900,  p.  24  (Loma  del  Leon,  Panama). 

Formicarius  analis  panamensis  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
65,  1922,  p.  207  (Mt.  Sap6,  Rio  Esnap6,  Jesusito,  Darien). 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Canal  Zone,  Darien). 
2:   Panama  i,  Colon  i. 

*Formicarius  analis  hoffmanni  (Cdbanis).   HOFFMANN'S  ANTTHRUSH. 
Myrmornis  hoffmanni  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  9,  1861,  p.  95  (Costa  Rica). 

Formicarius  hoffmanni  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  9,  1868,  p.  no  (Costa 
Rica);  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  75  (part;  Costa  Rica);  idem,  1.  c., 
1870,  p.  195  (Bugaba,  Chiriqui);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  304  (part;  Bugaba,  Chiriqui);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ., 
Aves  2,  1892,  p.  234  (part:  Las  Trojas,  Costa  Rica;  Bugaba,  Chiriqui); 
RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  679  (part;  spec,  from  Trojas,  near 
Cobagre,  Buenos  Aires,  sw.  Costa  Rica  and  Bugaba,  Chiriqui);  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  623  (sw.  Costa  Rica,  up  to  1,500  feet;  habits). 

Formicarius  hoffmanni  hoffmanni  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  1907,  p.  298  (Boruca,  Paso 
Real,  Pozo  del  Rio  Grande,  Lagarto,  Barranca,  sw.  Costa  Rica). 

Formicarius  umbrosus  (not  of  RIDGWAY)  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  1901,  p.  366  (Divala, 
Chiriqui). 

Formicarius  moniliger  hoffmanni  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,1911, 
p.  123  (sw.  Costa  Rica  and  w.  Panama). 

Range:  Pacific  coast  region  of  southwestern  Costa  Rica,  from  the 
Rio  Grande  de  Tarcoles  southward,  and  western  Panama  (Bugaba, 
Divala,  Chiriqui). 

2 :    Costa  Rica  (Pozo  del  Pital,  Rio  Naranjo  i),  Panama  (Chiriqui  i). 

*Formicarius  analis  umbrosus  Ridgway.   NICARAGUAN  ANTTHRUSH. 

Formicarius  umbrosus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  II.  S.  Mus.,  16,  Nov.  1893,  p.  681  (Tala- 
manca,  Costa  Rica);  UNDERWOOD,  Ibis,  1896,  p.  441  (Volcan  de  Miravelles, 
Costa  Rica;  habits);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  624  (Carib- 
bean lowlands,  and  Pacific  lowlands  of  nw.  Costa  Rica,  up  to  1200  feet; 
habits,  nest  and  egg  descr.). 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  287 

Formicarius  ho/manni  (not  of  CABANIS)  BOUCARD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878,  p.  62 
(San  Carlos,  Costa  Rica);  ZELEDON,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  8,  1885,  p.  108  (Costa 
Rica);  SALViNand  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  234  (part; 
Los  Sabalos,  Nicaragua;  San  Carlos,  Jimenez,  Pacuare,  Costa  Rica);  RICH- 
MOND, Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  502  (Rio  Escondido,  Nicaragua). 

Pormicarius  ho/mani  NUTTING,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  6,  1883,  p.  405  (Los  Sabalos, 
Nicaragua). 

Formicarius  monUiger  umbrosus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  122  (Costa  Rica,  and  Nicaragua). 

Range:  Caribbean  lowlands  and  the  Pacific  lowlands  of  the  north- 
western portion  of  Costa  Rica,  from  the  Gulf  of  Nicoya  northwards, 
and  Nicaragua. 

6 :  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  3) ;  Costa  Rica  (Siguirres 
2,  Orosi  i). 

Formicarius  analis  intermedius  Ridgway.  INTERMEDIATE  ANTTHRUSH. 

Formicarius  monUiger  intermedius  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  Oct. 
1908,  p.  194  (near  Manatee  Lagoon,  British  Honduras);  idem,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  121  (British  Honduras). 

Formicarius  monUiger  (not  of  SCLATER,  1856)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  303  (part;  spec,  e,  f,  British  Honduras);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Ameiic.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  233  (part;  Cayo,  Brit.  Honduras);  RIDG- 
WAY, Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  683  (part;  Brit.  Honduras). 

Formicarius  monileger  (sic)  LANTZ,  Trans.  Kansas  Acad.  Sci.  for  1896-97,  publ. 
1899,  p.  221  (Cayo). 

Range:  British  Honduras  (near  Manatee  Lagoon,  Manatee  River, 
Toledo  district,  Cayo). 

x 

Formicarius  analis  pallidus  (Lawrence).    YUCATAN  ANTTHRUSH. 

Furnarius  pallidus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.,  2,  May  1882,  p.  288  (Yuca- 
tan). 

Formicarius  pallidus  BOUCARD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  450  (Titzimin,  Yuca- 
tan; crit.);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  684  (Yucatan). 

Formicarius  monUiger  pallidus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  121  (Yucatan). 

Formicarius  monUiger  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
P-  303  (part;  spec,  c,  d,  Titzimin);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ., 
Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  233  (part;  Titzimin). 

Range:   Northern  Yucatan  (Titzimin). 

*Fonnicarius  analis  moniliger  Sclater.   MEXICAN  ANTTHRUSH. 

Formicarius  moniliger  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  "1856,"  publ.  Jan.  1857, 
p.  294  (Cordova,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  278  (part;  Vera 


288  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cruz);  idem,  1.  c.,  1859,  p.  383  (Playa  Vicente,  Vera  Cruz);  SALVIN,  Ibis, 
1861,  p.  353  (Chisec,  Guatemala);  SUMICHRAST,  Mem.  Boston  Soc.  Nat. 
Hist.,  i,  1869,  p.  556  (Vera  Cruz;  habits);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  303  (part;  Cordoba,  Oaxaca,  Mexico;  sources  of  Rio  de  la  Pasion, 
Choctum,  Vera  Paz,  Guatemala);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ., 
Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  233  (part;  Mexico,  Guatemala);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  683  (part;  Vera  Cruz;  Guatemala). 

Formicarius  moniliger  moniliger  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  119  (se.  Mexico  and  Guatemala). 

Range:  Southeastern  Mexico,  in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca  and 
Tabasco,  and  Guatemala. 

i:  Guatemala. 

*Formicarius    nigricapillus    nigricapillus    Ridgivay-*     BLACK-HEADED 
ANTTHRUSH. 

Formicarius  nigricapillus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  Nov.  1893,  p.  675 
(Buena  Vista,  Costa  Rica);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  623 
(Carrillo,  Cariblanco  de  Sarapiqui,  Cerro  de  Santa  Maria,  Costa  Rica). 

Formicarius  analis  nigricapillus  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  614  (Cari- 
blanco de  Sarapiqui,  Costa  Rica;  crit.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  5,  1911,  p.  118  (Costa  Rica;  Santiago  de  Veragua). 

Formicarius  analis  (not  of  LAFR.  and  D'ORB.)  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866, 
p.  74  (part;  Costa  Rica,  Veragua);  idem,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  145  (Santiago  de 
Veragua) ;  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  9, 1868,  p.  1 10  (Costa  Rica;  crit.) ; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  304  (part;  spec,  a-c,  Tucurriqui, 
Costa  Rica;  Veragua);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centi.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
1892,  p.  235  (part;  Tucurriqui,  Costa  Rica;  Santiago  de  Veragua). 

Range:  Costa  Rica  (Tucuniqui,  Carrillo,  Cariblanco  de  Sarapiqui, 
Cerro  de  Santa  Maria,  Buena  Vista,  Limon)  and  western  Panama 
(Santiago  de  Veragua). 

2:  Costa  Rica  (Cariblanco  de  Sarapiqui  i,  Limon  i). 

*Formicarius  nigricapillus   destructus    Hartert.b    SOUTHERN    BLACK- 
HEADED  ANTTHRUSH. 

Formicarius  analis  destructus  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  493  (Paramba, 
Prov.  Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador;  type  in  Tring  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.) ; 

•  Formicarius  nigricapillus  (and  its  southern  representative)  appears  to  be  spe- 
cifically distinct  from  the  F.  analis  group,  as  pointed  out  by  F.  M.  Chapman.  On 
the  Caribbean  slopes  of  Costa  Rica  it  occurs  along  with  F.  analis  umbrosus  RIDGW., 
although  there  is  still  the  possibility  of  the  two  being  zonal  representatives. 

b  Formicarius  nigricapillus  destructus  HART.:  Similar  to  F.  n.  nigricapillus, 
but  bill  decidedly  smaller  and  shorter,  and  upper  parts  duller,  bistre  brown  rather 
than  castaneous.  Wing  84-92;  tail  52-58;  bill  21-24.  Fifteen  specimens  from 
nw.  Ecuador,  two  from  w.  Ecuador  and  four  from  N6vita,  w.  Colombia,  compared 
with  nine  from- Costa  Rica. — C.  E.  H. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  289 

idem,  1.  c.,  9,  1902,  p.  614  (nw.  Ecuador;  crit.,  egg  descr.);  HELLMAYR, 

P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1173  (NoVita,  w.  Colombia). 
Formicarius  destructus  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 

1899,  p.  32  (Rio  Peripa,  w.  Ecuador). 
Formicarius  analis  (not  of  LAFR.  and  D'ORB.)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860, 

p.  294  (Esmeraldas) ;  SAL  VIM,  1.  c.,  1866,  p.  74  (part;  Ecuador);  TACZANOW- 

SKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  1.  c.,  1885,  p.  118  (Esmeraldas);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 

Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  304  (part;  spec,  d-g,  Esmeraldas,  Balzar,   Santa   Rita, 

w.  Ecuador;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 
Formicarius  nigricapillus  (not  of  RIDGWAY)  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16, 

1893,  p.  675  (part;  Santa  Rita,  w.  Ecuador). 
Formicarius  nigricapillus  destructus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 

36,  1917,  p.  339  (San  Jos6,  w.  Colombia;  crit.). 

Range :  Tropical  zone  of  western  Colombia,  (N6vita,  San  Jose*)  and 
western  Ecuador,  from  sea  level  up  to  3,500  feet. 

7:  Ecuador  (Prov.  Esmeraldas  6),  Colombia  (N6vita  i). 

Formicarius  rufipectus  rufipectus  Solvin.    CHESTNUT-BREASTED  ANT- 
THRUSH. 

Formicarius  rufipeclus  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866  p.  73,  pi.  8  (Santiago  de 
Veragua);  idem,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  145  (same  locality);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  306  (part;  Veragua);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  235  (part;  Veragua);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus., 
16,  1893,  p.  685  (part;  Veragua);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910, 
p.  625  (part;  Juan  Vinas,  Costa  Rica);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50, 
Parts,  191 1»  P-  I25  (part;  Juan  Vinas;  Costa  Rica;  Santiago  de  Veragua, 
w.  Panama). 

Formicarius  castaneiceps  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  4,  1908,  p.  301  (Juan 
Vinas,  Costa  Rica). 

Range:  Costa  Rica  (Juan  Vinas)  and  western  Panama  (Santiago  de 
Veragua;  Chitra,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui). 

*Fonnicarius  rufipectus  carrikeri  Chapman.*    SOUTHERN  CHESTNUT- 
BREASTED  ANTTHRUSH. 

Formicarius  rufipectus  carrikeri  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,3i,July 
1912,  p.  146  (San  Antonio,  w.  Andes,  Colombia);  idem,  1.  c.,  36,  1917,  p.  390 
(La  Frijolera,  lower  Cauca;  Salencio  (N6vita  Trail),  San  Antonio,  Andes 
west  of  Popayan,  w.  Andes;  Salento,  Miraflores,  c.  Andes,  Colombia). 

Formicarius  rufipectus  (not  of  SALVIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  306  (part;  "Baiza"  =  Baeza,  e.  Ecuador,  locality  no  doubt  erroneous); 
SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Bol.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  33  (Gualea, 

•  Formicarius  rufipectus  carrikeri  CHAPMAN:  Differs  from  F.  r.  rufipectus  by 
more  slaty  (grayish)  olive  upper  parts;  lighter  orange  rufous  breast;  paler,  more 
ochraceous  middle  of  the  belly,  and  more  grayish  olivaceous  sides.  Wing  (o")  99, 
(  9)  94;  tail  63,  59;  bill  20,  2i#.  Six  specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H». 


2go  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

w.  Ecuador);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philora.  Paris,  (gth  ser.), 
8,  1906,  p.  52  (Oyacachi,  trail  from  Esmeraldas  to  Pachijal,  w.  Ecuador); 
BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  1908,  p.  157  (San  Antonio,  w.  Colombia); 
CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  625  (part;  descr.  9,  Rio  Cali); 
MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  g£ogr.  Mes.  Arc  M6rid.  Equ.,  9,  1911,  p  B,  36 
(Oyacachi,  trail  Esmeraldas- Pachijal) ;  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911, 
p.  1174  (Pueblo  Rico,  sources  ofTlio  San  Juan,  w.  Colombia);  RIDGWAY, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  125  (part;  descr.  9,  San  Antonio). 

Range:  Subtropical  zone  of  western  Ecuador  (Gualea,  Oyacachi, 
trail  from  Esmeraldas  to  Pachijal)  and  western  and  central  Andes  of 
Colombia. 

i:   Colombia  (Las  Lomitas  i). 

Formicarius  rufipectus  thoracicus  Taczanowski  and  Berlepsch.*    EAST- 
ERN CHESTNUT-BREASTED  ANTTHRUSH. 

Formicarius  thoracicus  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885, 
p.  101  (Machay,  e.  Ecuador;  one  of  the  types  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  RIDG- 
WAY, Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  685  (ex  TACZ.  and  BERLEPSCH);  SALVA- 
DORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  33  (San  Jose, 
e.  Ecuador;  crit.);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris, 
(9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  53  (e.  Ecuador;  crit.);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN, 
Ornis,  13,  1906,  p.  118  (Huaynapata,  Marcapata,  se.  Peru). 

Formicarius  rufipectus  thoracicus  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1175  in 
text  (crit.). 

Range:  Subtropical  zone  of  eastern  Ecuador  (Machay)  and  south- 
eastern Peru  (Huaynapata,  Marcapata  Valley,  Dept.  Cuzco). 


Genus  CHAMAEZA  Vigors. 

Chamaeza  VIGORS,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  No.  7,  Oct.  1825,  p.  395  (type  by  monotypy, 
Chamaeza  meruloides  VIGORS  =  Turdus  brevicaudus  VIEILLOT). 

Chamaezosa  CABANIS,  Archiv  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  218  (emendation). 

*Chamaeza  brevicauda  brevicauda   ( Vieillof).     SHORT-TAILED    ANT- 
THRUSH. 

Turdus  brevicaudus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  20,  1818, 
p.  239  ("Bresil,"  coll.  Delalande,  Jr.,  the  types,  examined  in  Paris  Museum 
by  C.  E.  H.,  are  from  Rio  de  Janeiro). 

a  Formicarius  rufipectus  thoracicus  TACZ.  and  BERL.:  This  well  characterized 
form  is  immediately  recognizable  by  having  the  whole  top  of  the  head  and  hindneck 
deep  black  instead  of  chestnut,  besides  several  minor  distinctions.  I  have  examined 
one  of  the  original  examples  from  Machay  and  an  adult  male  from  Huaynapata, 
Peru,  both  in  the  Berlepsch  Collection.— C.  E.  H. 


BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  291 

Myiothera  campanisona  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  1823,  p.  43 
(Sao  Paulo). 

Chamaeza  mervloides  VIGORS,  Zcol.  Journ.,  2,  No.  7,  Oct.  1825,  p.  395,  note 
(Brazil) ;  JARDINE  and  SELBY,  Illustr.  Ornith.,  i,  Part  i,  1826,  pi.  n  (figure  of 
type,  stated  to  have  been  obtained  by  Dr.  Such  in  the  "Brazils"). 

Myioturdtis  marginatus  WIED,  Beitr.  Natuig.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1035  (Arrayal 
daConquista,  s.  Bahia);  MENETRIES,  Mem.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  PStersb.,  (6th  ser.), 
3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  465,  pi.  i  (Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Myiothera  strigilata  (Cuvier  Ms.)  PUCHERAN,  Aich.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  livr.  3,  1855, 
P-  335  ("Br6sil,"  coll.  Delalande,  Jr.;  the  same  specimens  that  also  served 
as  types  of  Turdus  brevicaudus  VIEILLOT). 

Chamaezosa  marginata  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  47  (Bahia, 
Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Chamaeza  tshororo  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  1901,  p.  148  (Alto  Parana, 
e.  Paraguay).' 

Chamaeza  brevicauda  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  278  (se.  Brazil); 
PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  91  (Rio  de  Janeiro;  Mattodentro,  Ypanema, 
S.  Paulo;  Curytiba,  Parana);  idem,  Nunquam  otios.,  2,  1874,  p.  291  (Novo 
Friburgo) ;  BERLEPSCH  and  JHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  1885,  p.  151  (Taquara, 
Arroio  Grande,  Linha  Piiaja,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  255  (Wied's  types);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  307  (se.  Brazil);  JEERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  246  (Ipor- 
anga,  Sao  Paulo);  idem,  1.  c.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Cantagallo,  Novo  Friburgo), 
250  (Iguape',  egg  descr.) ;  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  para  1900, 
1899,  p.  131  (Mundo  Novo,  Pedras  Brancas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  idem,  Cat. 
F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  225  (Alto  da  Serra,  S.  Paulo,  Ilha  de  Sao  Sebastiao, 
Ubatuba,  Itapuia,  Iporanga,  Bauni,  S.  Paulo;  Ourinho,  Parana;  Novo  Ham- 
burgo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul) ;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie, 
5,  1912,  p.  478,  496  (Vera  Guarany,  Parana);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac. 
Buenos  Aires,  18,  1910,  p.  285  (Alto  Parana),  429  (Santa  Ana,  Misiones); 
idem,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  1914,  p.  328  (Misiones). 

Chamaeza  brevicauda  brevicauda  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom. 
Paris,  (9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  53  (types;  Rio,  Serra  d'Estrella;  crit.);  HELLMAYR, 
Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  No.  2,  1915,  p.  150  (Victoria,  Esp.  Santo;  Serra 
do  Mirador,  Santa  Catharina). 

Chamaesa  brevicauda  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  522  (Sapucay,  Paraguay). 
Chamaezosa  brevicauda  CABANIS,  Journ.  Oinith.,  22,  1874,  p.  85  (Cantagallo). 
Chamaeza  brevicauda  tshororo  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  1914,  p.  51  (Alto  Parana). 

GraUaria  campanisona  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870, 
p.  362  (Sumidouro,  Prov.  Rio). 

•  Bertoni  (p.  203)  also  tentatively  proposes  the  name  Nocedae  foi  Azara's  No.  333, 
which  appears  referable  to  C.  b.  brevicauda,  and  states,  in  a  later  communication 
(Faun.  Parag.,  1914,  p.  51,  footnote  2),  that  C.  nocedae  BERT,  differs  from 
C.  b.  tshororo  by  having  dark  central  spots  on  the  abdomen.  This  I  find  to  be  an 
exceedingly  variable  character  in  a  series  from  Brazil. — C.  E.  H. 


292  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Forest  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  southern  Bahia 
(Cidade  da  Conquista)  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  Paraguay  (Sapucay, 
Alto  Parana^,  and  northeastern  Argentina  (Misiones).* 

2:    Argentina  (San  Ignazio,  Misiones  i),  Brazil  (Rio  i). 

Chamaeza  brevicauda  venezuelana  Menegaux  and  Hellmayr.h     VEN- 
EZUELAN SHORT-TAILED  ANTTHRUSH. 

Chamaeza  brevicauda  venezuelana  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom. 
Paris,  (9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  54  (Caracas,  n.  Venezuela);  HELLMAYR  and 
SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  1912,  p.  130  (Cumbie  de  Valencia, 
Las  Quiguas),  131  (range). 

ChamaezaolivaceafaototTscHUDi)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  279  (part; 
descr.  et  hab.  Caracas,  Venezuela);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1868,  p.  168 
(Caracas,  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.)  idem,  1.  c.,  1875,  p.  237  (San  Cristobal, 
Tachira;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
P-  3°7  (pait;  spec,  b,  c,  Caracas,  S.  Cristobal,  Venezuela). 

Range:  Mountain  ranges  of  northern  Venezuela,  in  Dept.  Federal 
Occidental  (Caracas,  Cerro  del  Avila),  and  in  states  of  Carabobo  (Las 
Quiguas,  Cumbre  de  Valencia)  and  Tachira  (San  Cristobal). 

Chamaeza  brevicauda  boliviana    Hellmayr  and  Seilern.0     BOLIVIAN 
SHORT-TAILED  ANTTHRUSH. 

Chamaeza  brevicauda  boliviana  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  1912,  p.  131  (Quebrada  onda,  Yungas  of  Cochabamba  [type];  Omeja, 
Tilotilo,  Yungas  of  La  Paz,  Bolivia). 

Chamaeza  olivacea  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 
p.  625  (Tilotilo);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  307  (part;  spec,  a, 
Tilctilo,  Bolivia). 

Range:  Northern  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba). 

•  I  am  unable  to  distinguish  a  single  Paraguayan  specimen  from  typical  brevi- 
cauda, of  which  more  than  twenty  skins  covering  the  range  from  Espirito  Santo  to  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul  have  been  examined.  A  single  bird  from  Bahia,  however,  may  be  dif- 
ferent, having  a  darker  bill,  nearly  plain  buffy  white  throat,  and  more  deeply  buff 
under  parts. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Chamaeza  brevicauda  venezuelana  M£NEG.  and  HELLM.:  Much  like  C.  b.  brevi- 
cauda, especially  in  all  the  rectrices  having  a  broad  black  subterminal  band  and  a 
distinct  white  or  buff  apical  margin;  but  chest  and  under  tail  coverts  without  any, 
or  with  very  little  buff  tinge;  size  smaller.  Nine  specimens  examined.  Wing  of  males 
94,  95i  98  (Caracas),  96,  96  (Cumbre  de  Valencia),  99  (San  Cristobal,  Tachira); 
females  90  (Caracas),  93,  94  (Cumbre  de  Valencia);  tail  (d*)  60-62,  (9)  55-59;  bill 
19-21. — C.  E.  H. 

c  Chamaeza  brevicauda  boliviana  HELLM.  and  SEIL.  :  Differs  from  C.  b.  brevicauda 
and  C.  b.  venezuelana,  which  it  resembles  in  the  decidedly  olivaceous  upperparts.by 
lacking  the  black  subterminal  band  on  the  median  rectrices  (occasionally  suggested 
by  a  small  subapical  shaft  spot),  and  by  its  darker,  more  blackish  bill.  Wing  (7  speci- 
mens) 93-97;  tail  63-66;  bill  20-22. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  293 

Chamaeza  brevicauda  columbiana  Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann.*    COL- 
OMBIAN SHORT-TAILED  ANTTHRUSH. 

Chamaeza  columbiana  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  385 

("Bogota";  type  in  Berlepsch  Collection  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 
Chamaeza  marginata  (not  of  WIED)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,   1855,  p.   145 

(Bogota). 
Chamaeza olivacea  (not of  TSCHUDI)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26, 1858,  p.  279  (part; 

Bogota);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  307  (part;  spec,  f-g,  Bogota). 
Chamaeza  bogotensis  (lapsu)  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom. 

Paris,  (9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  55  in  text  (Bogota). 
Chamaeza  brevicauda  bogotensis  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78, 

A,  Heft  5,  1912,  p.  130,  132  (Bogota). 
Chamaeza  brevicauda  columbiana  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 

i9!7»  P-  391  (Buena  Vista,  above  Villavicencio,  e.  Colombia). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  eastern  slope  of  eastern  Andes  of  Col- 
ombia (Buena  Vista,  above  Villavicencio). 

Chamaeza  brevicauda   fulvescens   Sdlvin   and   Godman.b     GUIANAN 
SHORT-TAILED  ANTTHRUSH. 

Chamaeza  fulvescens  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  (4th  ser.),  6,  1882,  p.  79  (Merumfi 
Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  429  (Merum6  Mts.,  "Camacusa," 
Roraima);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  308  (Merumd  Mts., 
Roraima);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  78,  pi.  i,  fig.  2  (same 
localities). 

Chamaeza  brevicauda  fulvescens  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Natuig.,  78, 
A,  Heft  5,  1912,  p.  132  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Range :   Mountain  ranges  of  British  Guiana. 

Chamaeza  brevicauda  olivacea   Tschudi."     PERUVIAN  SHORT-TAILED 

ANTTHRUSH. 

Chamaeza  olivacea  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10,  (i),  1844,  p.  279  (Peru);  idem, 
Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  1846,  p.  178  (c.  Peru,  we  suggest  Montana  de  Vitoc, 
Dept.  Junin) ;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  279  (part;  e.  Peru) ;  TACZAN- 

*  Chamaeza  brevicauda  columbiana  BERL.  and  STOLZM.:  Agrees  with  C.  b.  bolivi- 
ana  in  pattern  of  tail  (median  pair  of  rectrices  without  black  subterminal  band), 
but  is  easily  distinguished  by  deep  mars  or  russet  brown  upper  parts,  particularly 
pileum  and  tail,  and  rather  darker  buff  chest.  Wing  (4  unsexed  "Bogota"  skins), 
94-97;  tail  58-60;  bill  20-21. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Chamaeza  brevicauda  fulvescens  SALV.  and  GODM.  :  Nearest  to  C,  b.  columbiana 
and  agreeing  with  it  in  deep  russet  brown  upper  parts  and  absence  of  black  sub- 
terminal  band  on  median  rectrices;  but  chest  much  deeper,  as  well  as  more  extensively 
washed  with  ochraceous,  black  markings  on  lateral  tail  feathers  decidedly  narrower 
and  less  pronounced;  wing  much  longer,  bill  larger.  Wing  (two  o"  o"  from  Merum6 
Mountains)  101,  103;  tail  60,  61;  bill  2i#,  22. — C.  E.  H. 

0  Chamaeza  brevicauda  olivacea  TSCHUDI:  Resembles  C.  b.  boliviano,  in  having 
the  greater  part  of  the  lower  mandible  black  (like  the  maxilla),  but  differs  from  both 
boliviana  and  columbiana  by  the  deep  ochraceous  coloration  of  throat,  chest,  sides 
and  under  tail  coverts.  Upper  parts  brownish  olivaceous,  darker  than  in  brevi- 
cauda and  boliviana,  though  not  so  rufous  as  in  columbiana  and  fulvescens;  tail 


2Q4  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

OWSKI,  1.  c.,  1874,  p.  531  (Masayacu);  idem,  Orn.  Perou,  2, 1884,  p.  80  (Masay- 
acu);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  384  (La  Gloria, 
Chanchamayo;  La  Esperanza,  VitxDc);  idem,  Ornis,  13,  1906,  p.  118  (Huay- 
napata,  Marcapata). 

Chamaeza  brevicauda  olivacea  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78, 
A,  Heft  5,  1912,  p.  132  (Chanchamayo,  Vitoc,  Peru). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  central  and  southeastern  Peru,  in  depts. 
Junin  (Chanchamayo,  Vitoc)  and  Cuzco  (Marcapata  Valley). 

Chamaeza  nobilis  Gould.''   STRIATED  ANTTHRUSH. 

Chamaeza  nobilis  GOULD,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (26.  ser.),  15,  May  1855,  p.  344 
(Chamicuros,  e.  Peru;  type  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  68  (Chamicuros);  SCLATER,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  68 
(Rio  Napo),  279.  (Chamicuros,  R.  Huallaga;  Santa  Maria,  R.  Ucayali); 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  277  (Chamicuros);  idem,  1.  c.,  1880, 
p.  155  (Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  79 
(Chamicuros,  Sarayacu);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  308 
(Chamicuros;  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  GOOD- 
FELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  66  (Coca,  e.  Ecuador;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906, 
p.  55  (Santa  Maria,  R.  Ucayali;  crit.). 

Chamaeza  brevicauda  nobilis  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  1912,  p.  132  (range). 

Chaemaeza  brevicauda  (nobilis?)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
1917,  p.  391  (La  Morelia,  Caqueta,  se.  Colombia). 

Range :  Upper  Amazonia,  from  southeastern  Colombia  (La  Morelia, 
Rio  Caqueta)  through  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Coca,  Sarayacu) 
to  northern  Peru,  Dept.  Loreto  (Chamicuros;  Santa  Maria,  lower 
Ucayali). 

Chamaeza    ruficauda    ruficauda    (Cabanis    and    Heine)*     RUFOUS- 
TAILED  ANTTHRUSH. 

Chamaezosa  ruficauda  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  6  (no  local- 
ity given,  we  suggest  Prov.  Rio,  se.  Brazil;  type  in  Heine  Collection  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.). 

rufous  brown  as  in  the  two  last  named,  black  and  buff  markings  on  median  rectrices 
present  or  absent.  Wing  (cf,  Vitoc)  98,  (9,  Chanchamayo)  95;  tail  65,  64;  bill 
i  gyi,  1 8.  A  female  from  Huaynapata  forms  the  transition  to  C.  b.  boliviana.—C.  E.  H. 

•  Chamaeza  nobilis  GOULD:  This  very  distinct  form  is  immediately  recog- 
nizable among  its  affines  by  the  pure  white  ground  color  of  the  under  surface 
without  any  buff  tinge,  bright  ferruginous  instead  of  whitish  loral  spot,  and  very 
large  size.  All  of  the  rectrices  have  a  very  distinct  black  subterminal  band,  suc- 
ceeded (except  sometimes  on  middle  pair)  by  a  pure  white  apical  margin,  while  the 
black  spot  on  the  forehead  is  well  pronounced.  Wing  (four  adults  from  n.  Peru) 
110-115;  tail,  61-67;  bill,  21^-23.  Four  adults  from  Ecuador  agree  in  coloration, 
but  are  somewhat  smaller  (the  only  sexed  specimen,  a  male  from  Coca,  measuring: 
wing  105;  tail  65;  bill  20^)-  No  Colombian  material  seen  by  me. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Chamaeza  ruficauda  ruficauda  (CAB.  and  HEINE):  This  species  differs  at  a 
glance  from  C.  brevicauda  by  much  smaller  bill;  horn  brown  (instead  of  yellow)  legs; 
much  longer  and  more  wedge-shaped  tail,  the  median  rectrices  being  decidedly  longer 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS  —  CORY.  295 

Chamaeza  ruficauda  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth 
ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  55  (Rio;  crit.);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  225  (ex 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  Prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Serra  dos 
Orgaos).« 

Chamaeza    ruficauda    turdina    (Cabanis    and    Heine).  b     COLOMBIAN 
RUFOUS-TAILED  ANTTHRUSH. 

Chamaezosa  turdina  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  6  ("Colom- 
bia" =  Bogota). 

Chamaeza  turdina  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (gth 
ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  56  in  text  (diag.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  391  (Miraflores,  c.  Andes;  La  Palma,  Andalucia,  head  of  Mag- 
dalena  R.,  e.  Andes  of  Colombia). 

Chamaeza  olivacea  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  307 
(part;  spec,  e,  Bogota,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Subtropical  zone  of  Colombia  (Miraflores,  central  Andes; 
La  Palma,  Andalucia,  head  of  Magdalena,  eastern  Andes;  also  in 
native  "Bogotd"  collections). 

Chamaeza  ruficauda  chionogaster  Hellmayr.*    VENEZUELAN  RUFOUS- 
TAILED  ANTTHRUSH. 

Chamaeza  turdina  chionogaster  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  16,  May  1906, 
p.  91  (El  Guacharo,  near  Carip6,  State  of  Bermudez.  I  have  reasons  to  doubt 
the  correctness  of  the  locality;  the  type  probably  came  from  the  region  above 
San  Esteban,  State  of  Carabobo). 

than  the  lateral  ones;  by  lacking  the  black  subterminal  tail  band,  only  the  three  outer 
pairs  of  tail  feathers  having  sometimes  a  narrow  apical  edge  of  buff;  by  the  pattern 
of  the  under  parts,  the  featheis  of  the  sides  and  flanks  having  a  broad  blackish  brown 
mesial  stripe,  accompanied  on  either  side  by  a  buff  streak  which,  on  its  turn,  is 
narrowly  margined  with  blackish  brown.  (In  the  races  of  C.  brevicauda  these  feathers 
are  blackish  brown  on  their  entire  inner  web,  while  the  outer  vane  is  buff,  exteriorly 
edged  with  blackish  brown.)  Wing  (one  o")  94,  (two  9  9  )  89,  91  ;  tail  72,  (  9  )  7i^i 
75;  bill  15-17.—  C.  E.  H. 

•  Besides  four  trade  skins  from  "Rio,"  I  have  examined  one  d*,  two  9  9  collected 
by  Dr.  E.  A.  Goeldi  at  Colonia  Alpina,  near  Theresopolis,  Serra  dos  Orgaos,  in  July 
and  August  1892,  and  preserved  in  the  Zoological  Museum  at  Bern,  Switzerland.  — 
C.  E.  H. 

b  Chamaeza  ruficauda  turdina  (CAB.  and  HEINE):  Differs  from  C.  r.  ruficauda 
by  slightly  longer  wings,  much  darker  rufous  brown  upper  parts  and  tail,  and  more 
heavily  marked  sides  of  chest.  Wing  (3  unsexed  "Bogota"  skins)  94,  94,  95;  tail 
68,  70,  7i#;  bill  16,  i6#,  17.—  C.  E.  H. 


8  Chamaeza  ruficauda  chionogaster  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  C.  r.  turdina,  but 
smaller,  with  stronger,  larger  bill;  lighter,  more  russet  brown  upper  parts;  whiter 
under  surface;  the  three  outer  tail  feathers  apically  edged  with  white  (or  buff  in 
immature  plumage).  Wing  (ten  d"c?)  87-90,  (seven  99)  82-89;  tail  64-70;  bill 
i6-i8K-—  C.  E.  H. 


296  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Chamaeza  ruficauda  chionogaster  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78, 
A,  Heft  5,  1912,  p.  132  (Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo;  crit.). 

Range:  Coast  ranges  of  northern  Venezuela  (Galipan,  Cerro  del 
Avila,  near  Caracas;  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  State  of  Carabobo). 

Chamaeza  mollissima  Sclater.*  BARRED  ANTTHRUSH. 

Chamaeza  mollissima  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  July  1855,  p.  89,  pi.  95  (Santa 
Fd  de  Bogotd;  type  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.),  145  (Bogota); 
idem,  1.  c.,  26, 1858,  p.  279  (Bogotd) ;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  309 
(Bogota);  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Fran?.  d'Orn.,  No.  43,  1912,  p.  388  (above 
Bafios,  Ecuador;  spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  392  (Laguneta;  Almaguer,  south 
of  Popayan,  c.  Andes). 

Range:  Temperate  zone  of  Andes  of  Colombia  (Laguneta,  Alma- 
guer, central  Andes;  "Bogota"  native  collections)  and  Ecuador  ("Am- 
bato,"  above  Bafios). 

Genus  PITHYS  Vieillot. 

Pithys  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  24,  1818,  p.  112  (generic 

characters,  but  no  type);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1818,  p.  520  (type  Pithys  leucops 

VIEILLOT = Pipra  albifrons  LINNAEUS). 
Manikup  G.  R.  GRAY,b  Cat.  Gen.  and  Subgen.  Birds,  1855,  p.  42   (type  Pipra 

albifrons  LINNAEUS). 
Dasyptilops  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  8  (type  Pipra  albifrons 

LINNAEUS). 

*Pithys  albifrons  albifrons  (Linnaeus).  WHITE-FACED  ANTCATCHER. 

Pipra  albifrons  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  12,  (i),  1766,  p.  339  (based  on  "The  White- 
faced  Manakin"  EDWARDS,  Glean.  Nat.  Hist.,  3,  1764,  p.  280,  pi.  344,  fig.  i; 
"Guiana"  =  Cayenne). 

Pipra  longicauda  HERMANN,  Tab.  Aff.  Anim.,  1783,  p.  223  (based  on  "Le  Plumet 
blanc"  BRISSON,  Orn.,  4,  1760,  p.  429;  Cayenne). 

•  Chamaeza  mollissima  SCLATER:  This  very  distinct  species  differs  from  all  other 
members  of  the  genus  by  having  the  entire  under  surface  (from  the  chin  to  the  anal 
region)  regularly  and  closely  barred  with  black  and  white.  The  bill  is  small  as  in 
C.  ruficatida,  while  in  shape  of  tail  C.  mollissima  rather  resembles  C.  brevicauda, 
the  three  median  pairs  of  rectrices  being  nearly  of  equal  length.  The  rectrices  are 
blackish  brown,  middle  pair  entirely,  the  other  along  outer  web  washed  with  dull 
rufous  brown.  An  adult  bird  from  above  Bafios,  Ecuador,  does  not  appear  to  differ 
from  two  "Bogotd"  skins,  including  the  type,  except  by  slightly  larger  size  (wing, 
89  against  83  and  85;  tail,  69  against  64  and  65;  bill,  16-17). — C.  E.  H. 

b  Some  authors  have  recently  adopted  the  generic  term  Manikup,  crediting  it  to 
Desmarest  (Hist.  Nat.  Tang.,  1805,  text  to  pi.  66).  It  does  not  occur,  however,  in 
Latin  form  anywhere  in  that  work,  not  even  in  the  Latin  diagnosis,  though  it  is  used 
twice  as  the  French  vernacular  name  of  the  species.  "Manikup"  of  Desmarest  cor- 
responds to  such  titles  as  "Manakin  4  gorge  blanche,"  "Manakin  variS,"  etc.,  and 
has  no  nomenclatorial  standing. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  297 

Pithys  leucops  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  26,  1818,  p.  520 
(new  name  for  Pipra  albifrons  "Lath.";  Cayenne);  Schomburgk,  Reisen 
Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1848,  p.  287  (Valley  of  the  Muyang,  affluent  of  the  Zunima, 
n.  Brazil),  421  (Kuamuta,  R.  Pomeroon,  Brit.  Guiana). 

Pithys  albifrons  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  1848,  p.  685 
(Brit.  Guiana);  BONAPARTE,  Bull.  Soc.  Linn.  Normandie,  2,  1857,  p.  35 
(Cayenne) ; SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  273  (part;  Cayenne) ;  SCLATER, 
and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  576  (Cobati,  R.  Negro);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2, 
1868,  p.  89  (Barra  do  Rio  Negro  [  =  Manaos];  Rio  Vaup6,  nw.  Brazil;  spec, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  428  (Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa, 
Merum6  Mts.,  Roraima);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  294 
(part;  spec,  a-o,  Cayenne;  Brit.  Guiana;  Cobati,  Rio  Negro);  BERLEPSCH 
and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  79  (Nericagua,  Munduapo,  R.  Orinoco; 
Suapure,  Nicare,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela);  ANDRE,  Naturalist  in  the  Guianas, 
1904,  p.  149-150  (Caura  R.,  habits);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  1904, 
p.  176  (Camopi,  French  Guiana);  idem,  1.  c.,  14,  1908,  p.  13  (Cayenne); 
JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  216  (part;  Rio  Negro,  Guyana);  BER- 
LEPSCH, Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  162  (Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague),  310  (Cam- 
opi); SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  309  (Obidos;  Far<5,  Rio 
Jamunda,  n.  Brazil);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  291 
(Munduapo,  Nericagua,  R.  Orinoco;  Caura  R.);  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  x, 
I91?.  P-  *32  (Bartica);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62, 
1918,  p.  68  (Paramaribo,  Lelydorp,  Javaweg,  Surinam). 

Manikup  albifrons  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  48  (British  Guiana). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela 
(Caura  River;  Munduapo,  Nericagua,  upper  Orinoco  River);  northern 
Brazil  (Obidos,  Far6,  on  north  bank  of  lower  Amazon;  Manaos,  Rio 
Vaupe",  Rio  Negro). a 

4:  British  Guiana  (Mazaruni  River  i,  Demerara  i);  French  Guiana 
(Saint- Jean-du-Maroni  2). 

*Pithys  albifrons  peruviana   Taczanowski*    WESTERN  WHITE-FACED 
ANTCATCHER. 

Pithys  albifrons  peruviana  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  73  (Monterico, 
east  of  Huanta,  ne.  Ayacucho;  Amable  Maria,  Chanchamayo;  Montana 
del  Pangoa;  Chyavetas,  Peru). 

•  Four  specimens  from  Manaos  agree  in  every  particular  with  a  large  series  from 
the  Guianas  (7  French,  i  Dutch,  7  British  colony)  and  the  Caura  River  (20).  Six 
birds  from  the  Rio  Vaup6  and  Munduapo  (upper  Orinoco)  form  the  transition  to 
peruviana.  Some  are  indistinguishable  from  typical  albifrons,  but  three  lack  the 
white  postocular  streak  and  have  more  sooty  gray  on  the  lower  throat,  although  this 
patch  is  rather  smaller  and  less  blackish  than  in  peruviana. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Pithys  albifrons  peruviana  TACZ.  :  Differs  from  P.  a.  albifrons  by  lacking  the 
white  postocular  streak,  and  by  having  the  elongated  feathers  of  the  lower  throat, 
in  contrast  to  the  white  chin  and  upper  throat,  sooty  black,  forming  a  large  patch; 
the  bill,  too,  is  somewhat  stronger.  Examined:  Peru  6,  Ecuador  i,  "Bogota"  n. 
— C.  E.  H. 


298  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pithys  peruvianus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  74  (Rio 
Napo,  e.  Ecuador). 

Pithys  peruviana  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  369,  1899, 
p.  32  (Zamora,  Santiago,  e.  Ecuador). 

Pithys  albifrons  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  SCLATER,  P  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  144  (Bogo- 
ta); idem,  I.e.,  26,  1858,  p.  67  (Rio  Napo),  273  (part;  "New Granada") ; SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  751  (Chyavetas);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  276  (Chya- 
vetas;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1874,  P-  53*  (Monter- 
ico,  Amable  Maria);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  294  (part; 
spec,  p-u,  Bogota,  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907, 
p.  216  (part;  Colombia,  Ecuador). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  eastern  Colombia  ("Bogota"  collec- 
tions) and  eastern  Ecuador  to  central  Peru  (depts.  Loreto,  Hudnuco, 
Junin  and  northeastern  Ayacucho). 

2:   Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez  2). 

Genus  GYMNOPITHYS  Bonaparte. 

Gymnopithys  BONAPARTE,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  Zool.,  (4th  sen),  i,  1854,  P-  132  (nomen 
nudum);  idem,  Bull.  Soc.  Linn*  Normandie,  2,  1857,  p.  35  (type  Gymno- 
pithys pectoralis  "Schiff  ex  LATH."  =  Turdus  pectoralis  LATHAM  =  Turdus 
rufigula  BODDAERT). 

Anoplops  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  1859,  p.  9  (type  Turdus  rufigula 
BODDAERT). 

Gymnopithys  rufigula  rufigula  (Boddaerf).     RUFOUS-THROATED   ANT- 
CATCHER. 

Turdus  rufigula  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  1783,  p.  39  (based  on  "Petit  Merle 
brun  a  gorge  rousse,  de  Cayenne"  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.,  644,  fig.  2  (=9); 
type  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Turdus  pectoralis  LATHAM,  Ind.  Orn.,  i,  1790,  p.  357  (based  on  the  same). 

Pithys  pectoralis  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  214  (sexual  difference); 
idem,  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  1848,  p.  695  (coastal  forests 
of  Brit.  Guiana). 

Gymnopithys  pectoralis  BONAPARTE,  Bull.  Soc.  Linn.  Normandie,  2,  1857,  p.  35 

(Cayenne). 
Pithys  rufigularis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  273  (Cayenne;  descr.); 

PELZELN,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  4*>i  (Cayenne). 
Pithys  rufigula  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  89  (Seira  Carauman,  Rio  Branco; 

Barra  do  Rio  Negro  =  Manaos) ;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  428  (Bartica  Grove, 

Camacusa);  W.  SCLATER,  1.  c.f  1887,  p.  318  (Maccassema,  Brit.  Guiana; 

habits). 

Gymnopithys  rufigula  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  297  (Cayenne; 
Leseeka,  Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana;  Barra  =  Manaos) ;  MENE- 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  299 

GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Phil.  Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  52  (note  on 
type);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  1904,  p.  177  (Camopi);  idem,  1.  c., 
14,  1908,  p.  13  (Cayenne);  JEERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  217  (range, 
excl.  Venezuela). 

Anoplops  rufigula  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  162  (Ipousin,  Rio  Approua- 
gue),  320)  Camopi);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  311  (Obidos; 
Fai6,  Rio  Jamunda) ;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  49  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Anoplops  rufigula  rufigula  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  1917,  p.  132  (Bartica 
Grove),  228  (nesting  habits). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  south 
to  the  north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon  (Obidos,  Far6 ;  Manaos,  Serra 
Carauman,  Rio  Branco).' 

*Gymnopithys    rufigula   pallida    (CJterrie).b     VENEZUELAN    RUFOUS- 
THROATED  ANTCATCHER. 

Anoplops  rufigula  palidus  (sic)  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  I,  No.  16, 
1909,  p.  390  (Suapure,  Caura  River);  idem,  1.  c.,  2,  1916,  p.  291  (Suapure). 

Cymnopithys  rufigula  (not  of  BODDAERT)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool., 
9,  1902,  p.  79  (Munduapo,  Nericagua,  R.  Orinoco;  Suapure,  Nicare,  La  Pri- 
cion,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range :  Southern  Venezuela  (valleys  of  the  Caura  and  upper  Orinoco) . 
i :  Venezuela  (Nicare,  Caura  River  i). 

•  Four  males,  one  female  from  Manaos  and  one  female  from  Serra  Carauman,  Rio 
Branco,  are  perfectly  identical  with  a  series  of  ten  from  various  localities  in  French 
Guiana.  A  male  from  Surinam  and  three  skins  from  Camacusa,  British  Guiana 
are  not  different  either.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Gymnopithys  rufigula  pallida  (CHERRIE)  :  Exceedingly  close  to  C.  r.  rufigula, 
but  on  average  slightly  smaller;  upper  parts  paler,  more  olivaceous  (less  russet), 
and  flanks  earthy  brown  rather  than  rufescent. 

This  is  not  a  very  well  marked  race,  though  the  majority  of  the  Venezuelan  birds 
are  distinguishable  by  the  above  characters.  Two  from  Nicare,  Caura  River,  and 
one  from  Munduapo,  however,  resemble  those  from  French  Guiana  (rufigula)  in 
every  particular. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Six  o"  o*  from  French  Guiana         77,78,78,78,80,8348,50,51,52,53,53        18^-19 
Two  o"  o"  from  Camacusa  77,78  49,5*  i8,i8>£ 

One  cT  from  Surinam  76  48  i8# 

Four  o*  o*  from  Manaos  76,77,78,80  48,51,52,54       17^,18,18,19 

Seven  o*  o"  from  the  Caura  River         76,76,77,77,        48,49,49,50,50, 

78,79,80  52,53,53  17-18 

Two  o"  o"  from  the  Orinoco  River  74,77  48,49  18 

Two  9  9  from  French  Guiana  76,76  47,5 1  i? 

One  9  from  Manaos  76  50  17^ 

One  9  from  the  Rio  Branco  75  51  17 

Ten  9  9  from  the  Caura  River       74,75,76,76,77,       47,49,49,49,50, 

77,77,78,78,79        50,50,50,52,52  17-18 

One  9  from  Munduapo,  Rio 

Orinoco  73  48  i6# 

— C.  E.  H. 


300  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Gymnopithys  salvini  (Berkpscti)*  SALVIN'S  ANTCATCHER. 

Pithy s  salvini  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  49,  1901,  p.  98  (San  Mateo,  Yungas 

of  Cochabamba,  n.  Bolivia;  type  in  Coll.  Beilepsch  examined  by  C.  E.  H.; 

=  o"  ad.) ;  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  443,  pi.  16,  fig.  2  (=  d"  imm.) 

(Rio  Jurud;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  216 

(Rio  Jurua). 
Gymnopithys  salvini  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  71  (Teff6;  crit.,  descr. 

9). 
Anoplops  salvini  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,   1907,  p.  385   (Humaytha,  Rio 

Madeira) ;  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  366  (Humaytha);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 

Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  310  (range). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  in  northern  Bolivia  (Rio  San  Mateo, 
Yungas  of  Cochabamba)  and  western  Brazil  (Humaytha,  upper  Rio 
Madeira;  Rio  Jurua;  Teffe",  Rio  Solimoes). 

Gymnopithys  lunulata  (Sclater  and  Salvin).b   LUNULATED  ANTCATCHER. 

Pithys  lunulata  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  276,  pi.  26  (Sara- 
yacu,  Rio  Ucayali,  e.  Peru;  type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 
TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1882,  p.  32  (Yurimaguas) ;  idem,  Orn.  Perbu,  2,  1884, 
p.  75  (Yurimaguas;  descr.  9);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  296 
(Sarayacu). 

*  Gymnopithys  salvini  (BERLEPSCH)  :  Male.  Above  slate  gray,  inclining  to  black- 
ish on  forehead  and  loral  region;  distinct  superciliary  streak  (from  nostrils  to  above 
posterior  angle  of  eye),  cheeks,  malar  region  and  throat  white;  remainder  of  lower 
parts  slate  gray;  wings  slate  gray,  some  of  the  inner  greater  upper  wing  coverts  occa- 
sionally with  a  blackish  subterminal  and  white  apical  band;  rectrices  slate  color, 
all  except  middle  pair  apically  edged  with  white  and  crossed  by  six  or  seven  narrow 
white  bands  on  the  inner  web,  sometimes  also  with  a  number  of  similar  markings 
on  the  basal  half  of  the  outer  web  of  the  outermost  pair.  Bill  black.  Wing  (six  cf1  o71  ad. ) 
72-75 ;  tail  45-49 ;  bill  17-18.  Female.  Forehead  and  crown  mostly  black,  but  more  or 
less  suffused  with  rufescent  brown;  occiput  cinnamon  rufous,  clouded  with  dusky; 
back  olive  brown,  each  feather  with  a  black  subterminal  and  a  rather  narrower  cin- 
namon rufous  apical  band,  these  markings  becoming  less  pronounced  on  the  rump; 
small  interscapular  patch  light  cinnamon;  upper  wing  coverts  olive  blackish,  broadly 
edged  with  cinnamon  rufous;  quills  dark  brown,  externally  edged  with  russet  brown, 
secondaries  with  a  broad,  pale  cinnamon  apical  band,  preceded  by  a  narrow  blackish 
line;  rectrices  clear  cinnamon  rufous,  crossed  by  six  or  seven  black  bands;  sides  of 
head,  throat  and  foreneck  deep  cinnamon  rufous,  passing  into  reddish  cinnamon 
on  middle  of  breast;  remainder  of  under  parts  pale  olive  brown,  washed  with  cinna- 
mon on  tail  coverts.  Lower  mandible  whitish.  Wing  (nine  99)  72-77;  tail  45-50; 
bill  17-18.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Gymnopithys  lunulata  (ScL.  and  SALV.)  The  type,  marked  as  "  9 ,"  agrees  with 
the  male  of  G.  salvini  in  having  the  throat  and  foreneck,  as  well  as  a  distinct  super- 
ciliary streak,  white ;  but  the  upper  parts  are  olive  brown  as  in  the  female  of  that  species, 
with,  however,  a  small  white  (not  cinnamon)  interscapular  spot  and  the  light  mark- 
ings on  back,  wing  coverts  and  inner  secondaries  buff  (instead  of  cinnamon  rufous) ; 
rectrices  dusky  brown,  crossed  on  inner  web  by  three  or  four  white  bands;  breast 
and  belly  dull  brownish  olive.  Wing  73 ;  tail  45 ;  bill  17 $4.  Taczanowski's  descrip- 
tion of  a  female  from  Yurimaguas  generally  tallies  well  with  the  type,  though  he 
makes  no  mention  of  the  white  interscapular  spot  and  calls  the  light  markings  on 
the  upper  parts  "roux  ocreux  roussatre."  Although  more  information  about  this 
little  known  bird  is  much  desired,  I  think  there  can  be  hardly  any  doubt  as  to  its 
being  distinct  from  G.  salvini. — C.  E.  H. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  301 

Anoplops  lunulata  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  310  (diag.  "o31"  ex 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN). 

Hypocnemis  poecilonota  (errore)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866, 
p.  1 86  (Sarayacu). 

Range:  Eastern  Peru,  in  Dept.  Loreto  (Sarayacu,  Rio  Ucayali; 
Yurimaguas). 

Gymnopithys  leucaspis  (Sclater)*  CINNAMON  ANTCATCHER. 

Myrmeciza  leucaspis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22,  "1854,"  publ.  April  1855, 
P-  253.  pl-  ?o  ("Bogota^"  Colombia,  type  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H. ; 
Chamicuros,  n.  Peru;  Cobati,  Rio  Negro);  idem,  1.  c.,  23,  1855,  p.  147  ("Bo- 
gota"). 

Pithys  leucaspis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  274  (Bogotd;  Chamicuros, 
n.  Peru;  Cobati,  Rio  Negio;  diag.);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  576 
(Cobati),  751  (Xeberos,  Chyavetas;  spec.,  now  in  Tring  Museum,  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  276  (Xeberos,  Chyavetas);  PELZELN,  Orn. 
Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  89  (Barcellos,  Rio  Icanna,  Rio  Vaup6,  upper  Rio 
Negro;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  TACZANOWSKJ,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884, 
p.  74  (Tarapoto,  Xeberos,  Chyavetas);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  295  (part;  spec,  a,  c,  d,  f,  i-k,  1,  Amazonia,  "Colombia"  [  =  "Bogota"], 
Peru,  Cobati). 

Gymnopithys  leucaspis  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
1892,  p.  222,  in  text  (Rio  Meta,  e.  Colombia);  JEERING,  Cat.  P.  Braz.,  i, 
1907,  p.  217  (range). 

Anoplops  leucaspis  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1172  (from  e.  Colombia 
(Bogota)  to  n.  Peru,  east  to  the  Rio  Negro;  char,  d",  9);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol. 
Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  310  (range). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  eastern  Colombia  ("Bogota"  col- 
lections; Rio  Meta)  south  to  northern  Peru  (Tarapoto,  Chamicuros, 
Xeberos,  Chyavetas,  Dept.  Loreto),  east  to  the  upper  Rio  Negro 
(Barcellos,  Rio  Icanna,  Rio  Vaupe"),  northwestern  Brazil. 

*Gymnopithys  bicolor  aequatorialis  (Hellmayr).b    EQUATORIAL  ANT- 
CATCHER. 

Pithys  bicolor  aequatorialis  HELLMAYR,  Ornith.   Monatsber.,   10,   1902,  p.  33 

(Lita,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador). 
Gymnopithys  leucaspis  aequatorialis  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  gebgr.  Mes.  Arc 

Mend.  Equat.,  9,  1911,  p.  B  35  (Santo  Domingo). 

•  Gymnopithys  leucaspis  (SCLATER)  differs  from  the  members  of  the  G.  bicolor  sec- 
tion by  white  (instead  of  black)  cheeks,  malar  region  and  anterior  auriculars;  by  hav- 
ing a  narrow  black  superciliary  streak,  and  a  large  cinnamomeous  interscapular 
blotch  in  the  female  sex.  Material:  four  d*c?,  four  9  9  Rio  Negro;  three  o"cf 
Chamicuros,  one  c?  Chyavetas,  one  o"  Xeberos,  two  cfcff  five  9  9  "Bogota." 
The  Rio  Negro  examples  are  exactly  like  those  from  "Bogota",  while  the  Peru- 
vian ones  are  somewhat  less  rufous  above  and  on  the  flanks. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Gymnopithys  bicolor  aequatorialis  (HELLMAYR)  :  Resembles  G.  leucaspis  in  the 
bright  ferruginous  color  of  the  pileum,  but  is  darker  rufous  brown  above,  has  the 


302  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Anoplops  bicolor  aequatorialis  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1171,  1172 
(diagn.;  w.  Ecuador);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917, 
p.  381  (Barbacoas,  Buenavista  [Narino],  sw.  Colombia). 

Pithys  leucaspis  (not  of  SCLATER)  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1908,  p.  493  (Chimbo; 
spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  65  (Santo  Domingo; 
spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Gymnopithys  ruficeps  (not  of  SALVIN  and  GODMAN)  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll . 
Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  32  (Rio  Santiago,  w.  Ecuador);  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  613  (Chimbo;  Paramba,  S.  Javier,  Prov.  Esmeraldas). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  southwestern  Colombia  (Barbacoas; 
Buenavista,  Narino)  and  western  Ecuador,  south  to  Prov.  Guayas 
(Chimbo,  Quevedo). 

i:   Ecuador  (Quevedo  i). 

Gymnopithys  bicolor  ruficeps  Salvin  and  Godman.*    CAUCA  VALLEY 
ANTCATCHER. 

Gymnopithys  ruficeps  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  Feb. 

1892,  p.  222,  note  ("Cauca  Valley"  =Rio  Nechi,  Antioquia,  type  in  Brit. 

Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  "Bogota"). 
Anoplops  bicolor  ruficeps  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1171,  1173  (Neche; 

Remedies,  Rio  It6,  Antioquia;  "Bogota";  characters). 
Pithys  leucaspis  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 

p.  526  (Remedios,  Neche);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  295 

(part;  spec,  b,  e  "Bogota,"  g,  Nechi,  h,  Remedios). 

Range:  Central  Colombia,  in  State  of  Antioquia  (Rio  Nechi,  lower 
Cauca;  Remedios,  Rio  Ite",  system  of  the  Magdalena  River);  also  in 
"Bogota"  collections. 

Gymnopithys  bicolor  daguae  Hellmayr.b   DAGUA  ANTCATCHER. 

Gymnopithys  bicolor  daguae  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  16,  1906,  p.  83  (El 
Paillon,  near  Buenaventura,  Choc6,  w.  Colombia  [type];  Juntas,  Rio  Dagua). 

cheeks  and  auriculars  black,  the  sides  of  the  occiput  slate  gray,  and  lacks  the  cin- 
namomeous  dorsal  patch  in  the  female  sex.  Twenty  specimens  from  w.  Ecuador 
examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

•  Gymnopithys  bicolor  ruficeps  SALV.  and  GODM.  :  Very  similar  to  G.  b.  olivascens, 
but  crown  decidedly  brighter  ferruginous,  back  much  deeper  rufous  brown,  and 
sides  of  body  russet  (instead  of  olivaceous)  brown.  From  its  geographical  neighbors, 
aequatorialis  and  daguae,  at  once  distinguished  by  lacking  the  slate  gray  color  on 
sides  of  occiput,  and  the  blackish  lateral  border  to  the  white  chest.  Wing,  75-78; 
tail  49-51;  bill  18-19.  Material:  one  9  Nechi  (type),  one  cf  Remedios,  one  "Anti- 
quia,"  five  "Bogota."— C.  E.  H. 

b  Gymnopithys  bicolor  daguae  HELLMAYR:  Nearest  to  G.  b.  bicolor,  which  it 
resembles  in  having  the  forehead  and  a  broad  superciliary  stripe  slate  gray  like  the 
sides  of  the  occiput;  but  much  darker,  deep  Vandyke  brown  instead  of  light  russet 
brown  above,  flanks  also  much  deeper  rufous  brown,  white  pectoral  area  in  male 
laterally  bordered  by  blackish,  and  bill  much  larger.  Wing  76-78^;  tail  48-51; 
bill  19^-20.  Material:  one  c?  El  Paillon,  two  d"cf,  one  9  Juntas,  Rio  Dagua, 
one  d"  N6vita.— C.  E.  H. 

. 


1924-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  303 

Anoplops  tricolor  daguae  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1170  (N6vita, 
Juntas  de  Tamana),  1173  (range);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  382  (Bagado,  La  Vieja,  upper  Atrato;  Baudo,  N6vita,  Noanama, 
w.  Colombia). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  Pacific  Colombia,  from  the  upper  Atrato 
south  to  the  Rio  Dagua,  Bahia  del  Choc6. 

*Gymnopithys  bicolor  tricolor  (Lawrence).   BICOLORED  ANTCATCHER. 

Pithy s  bicolor  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  1862,  p.  484  (Lion  Hill  Sta- 
tion, Panama);  idem,  1.  c.,  8,  1867,  p.  6  (Lion  Hill);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  357  (Lion  Hill);  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  145  (Santa  P6 
de  Veragua;  spec,  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  296  (part;  spec,  a-f,  Chepo,  Panama;  Santa  F6, 
Veragua). 

Gymnopithys  bicolor  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  1892, 
p.  221  (Santa  F6  de  Veragua,  Lion  Hill,  Paraiso  Station,  Chepo,  Panama). 

Anoplops  bicolor  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  132  (Panama, 
Veragua;  monogr.). 

Anoplops  bicolor  bicolor  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1173  (Panama  Rail- 
road, Chepo,  Panama;  Santa  F6,  Veragua);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  382  (Rio  Salaqui,  lower  Atrato;  Alto  Bonito,  Rio 
Sucio);  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  1922,  p.  208 
(Mt.  Sap6,  Jesusito,  Darien). 

Range:  Eastern  Panama,  from  Veragua  (Santa  Fea;  Cascajal, 
Code)  eastwards,  and  extreme  northwest  of  Colombia  (Rio  Salaqui; 
Alto  Bonito,  lower  Atrato). 

i :   Panama. 


*Gymnopithys  bicolor  olivascens  (Ridgway).  OLIVE-SIDED  ANTCATCHER. 

Pithy s  bicolor  olivascens  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  14,  Oct.  1891,  p.  469  (Santa 
Ana,  Honduras). 

Gymnopithys  olivascens  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
1892,  p.  222  (Honduras,  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica;  Bugaba,  Chiriqui);  RICH- 
MOND, Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  501  (Rio  Escondido,  Nicaragua). 

Gymnopithys  bicolor  olivascens  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  1902,  p.  42 
(Boquete,  Panama);  idem,  Auk,  24,  1907,  p.  296  (Boruca,  Pozo  del  Rio 
Grande,  sw.  Costa  Rica);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  614 
(Costa  Rica;  habits). 

Gymnopithys  bicolor  olivaceus  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  1901,  p.  366  (Divala,  Chiriqui). 

•  The  single  male  examined  from  Santa  F6,  Veragua,  has  the  sides  and  flanks 
rather  darker  Prouts  brown  than  five  Panama  skins.— C.  E.  H. 


304  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Anoplops  olivascensRiDGWAV, Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  133  (monogr.; 
Honduras  to  Chiriqui,  w.  Panama). 

Anoplops  tricolor  olivascens  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1173  (Honduras 
to  Chiriqui). 

Pithys  bicolor  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  296 
(part;  spec,  g-j,  Bugaba,  Chiriqui;  "Valza,"  Costa  Rica;  Chontales,  Nicar- 
agua). 

Range:  From  Honduras  (Santa  Ana,  Chaloma)  through  Nicaragua 
and  Costa  Rica  to  western  Panama  (Divala,  Bugaba,  Boquete,  Chi- 
riqui). 

5:  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  i);  Costa  Rica  (Pozo 
del  Rio  Grande  2,  Boruca  i);  Panama  (Boquete,  Chiriqui  i). 


Gymnopithys    melanosticta    (Sclater   and    Salvin).*     HAIRY-CRESTED 
ANTCATCHER. 

Pithys  melanosticta  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  160  (Sara- 
yacu,  e.  Ecuador;  type  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H. ;  =  9);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  297  (Sarayacu);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith., 
56,  1908,  p.  17  (Cachoeira,  Rio  Punis;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Anoplops  melanosticta  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  386,  pi.  3,  fig.  i  (o*) 
(Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira;  descr.  o",  9);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  360  (crit.; 
Rio  Madeira;  Rio  Jurud;  Cachoeira,  Rio  Punis);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  311  (Cachoeira,  Rio  Purus);  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg., 
85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  113  (San  Gaban,  north  side  of  Sierra  de  Carabaya, 
n.  Puno,  se.  Peru). 

Gymnopithys  purusianus  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  5,  No.  i,  1908,  p.  59 
(Cachoeira,  Rio  Punis;  type  in  Museu  Goeldi  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =  d"). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  in  eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu),  western 
Brazil  (Humaytha,  left  bank  of  Rio  Madeira;  rivers  Punis  and  Jurua), 
and  southeastern  Peru  (San  Gaban,  northern  Puno).b 

•  The  generic  assignation  of  this  species  must  be  regarded  as  provisional  only. 
G.  melanosticta  differs  from  both  Gymnopithys  and  Rhegmatorhina  by  the  peculiarly 
shaped  crest.  The  feathers  of  the  forehead  and  crown  are  highly  specialized  with 
their  barbs  dissolved,  the  rami  being  loose  and  hair-like,  while  the  occipital  feathers 
are  somewhat  lengthened,  forming  a  loose,  pendant  crest.  In  extent  of  bare  orbital 
ring  and  proportion  of  tail,  it  more  nearly  resembles  Rhegmatorhina,  and  it  will  prob- 
ably be  found  necessary  to  create  a  separate  genus  for  its  reception.  I  am,  however, 
unwilling  to  do  so  without  re-examining  its  general  structure.  Unfortunately,  no 
specimen  is  at  present  accessible. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Birds  from  Humaytha  (Rip  Madeira)  and  the  Rio  Jurud  agree  with  the  type  of 
G.  purusianus  in  general  coloration,  and  in  having  the  pileum  and  crest  dingy  whitish 
gray.  The  type  of  P.  melanosticta  from  e.  Ecuador  is  darker  brown,  particularly 
below,  with  the  black  markings  above  broader,  and  the  crest  more  brownish  white. 
An  immature  male  from  San  Gaban,  se.  Peru,  is  slightly  different  again,  having 
the  crown  and  crest  feathers  mainly  sooty,  with  the  basal  portion  only  brownish. 
Males  are  uniform  russet  brown  above,  while  females  have  the  upper  back,  wing 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  305 

Genus  RHEGMATORHINA  Ridgway." 

Rhegmatorhina  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  10,  Aug.  1888,  p.  525,  footnote 
(type  Rhegmatorhina  gymnops  RIDGWAY). 

Rhegmatorhina  gymnops  Ridgway.   BARE-EYED  ANTCATCHER. 

Rhegmatorhina  gymnops  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  10,  Aug.   1888,  p.  525 

(Diamantina,  near  Santarem,  Rio  Tapaj6z) ;  CHAPMAN  and  RIKER,  Auk,  8, 

1891,  p.  29  (same  locality). 
Gymnopithys  gymnops  SCLATER,   Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,   p.  297    (lower 

Amazon);  JEERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  217  (range). 
Anoplops  gymnops  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  312  (Rio  Curua; 

Pimental,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  Tucunar6,  Rio  Jamauchim). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  right 
bank  of  the  Tapajoz  to  the  Xingii.b 

Rhegmatorhina  berlepschi  (Snethlage) .°    BERLEPSCH'S  ANTCATCHER. 

Anoplops  berlepschi  SNETHLAGE,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  13,  Oct.  1907,  p.  162  (Villa 
Braga,  Rio  Tapajoz;  type  in  Goeldi  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  descr. 
d*);  idem,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  513  (Villa  Braga);  idem,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  312  (Boim,  Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tapajoz  (Boim, 
Villa  Braga). 

coverts  and  inner  secondaries  marked  with  black  subterminal  bars,  followed  by 
narrow,  pale  cinnamomeous  apical  margins. 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Three  &  o"  from  Humaytha  79,81,82  53,54,55  18^,19,19^ 

One  o71  from  Cachoeira,  Punis  82  55  igy£ 

One  d"  imm.  from  S.  Gaban,  Peru  79  55  17 

One  9  from  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador  77  49  19 

Two  9  9  from  Humaytha  77,79  53,54  i8#,i8tf 

— C.  E.  H. 

•  This  genus  forms  a  very  natural  group.  Though  nearly  allied  to,  it  may  be  dis- 
tinguished from,  Gymnopithys  by  the  erect,  slightly  stiffened  frontal  feathers,  the 
crested  pileum,  and  the  broad  bare  ring  round  the  eye;  the  tail,  too,  is  proportion- 
ately longer  and  more  rounded.  R.  berlepschi,  R.  hofmannsi  and  R.  cristata  are  prac- 
tically identical  with  the  genotype  in  all  structural  details. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Male  and  female  from  Tucunare',  Rio  Jamauchim,  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

8  Rhegmatorhina  berlepschi  (SNETHLAGE)  :  Male.  Forehead  sooty  black,  more  or 
less  edged  with  chestnut;  pileum  chestnut,  passing  into  a  lighter,  more  ferruginous 
tone  on  occiput;  remaining  upper  parts  dull  olivaceous,  more  russet  on  wing  and 
tail  coverts;  rectrices  dark  russet  brown,  blackish  terminally,  lateral  pair  with  an 
indistinct  pale  apical  margin;  sides  of  head  and  throat  sooty  black;  foreneck  exten- 
sively bright  cinnamon  rufous,  forming  a  large,  well-defined  patch;  breast  and 
abdomen  slate  gray,  washed  with  olivaceous  on  flanks;  under  wing  coverts  and  inner 
web  of  quills  cinnamon.  Bill  black.  Wing  (two  d"o")  80;  tail  53,  54;  bill  18.  Female 
differs  by  having  on  the  upper  back  and  wing  coverts  broad  black  subterminal  and  nar- 
rower, dchraceous  apical  bands;  the  breast  and  middle  of  the  abdomen  bright  buff, 
banded  with  black;  the  blackish  terminal  zone  of  the  rectrices  more  pronounced 
and  followed  by  a  distinct  buff  apical  margin ;  besides,  the  pileum  is  more  blackish, 


3o6  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Rhegmatorhina  cristata  (Pelzeln).*   PELZELN'S  CRESTED  ANTCATCHER. 

Pithys  cristata  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  89,  166  (Rio  Vaup6,  upper 

Rio  Negro;  types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 
Gymnopithys  cristata  BERLEPSCH  and   HELLMAYR,   Journ.   Ornith.,   53,    1905, 

P-  33  (crit.  on  types);  JEERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  217  (Rio  Negro; 

ex  PELZELN). 
Anoplops  cristata  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  312  (Rio  Vaup6; 

ex  PELZELN). 

Range:  Northwestern  Brazil,  on  the  Rio  Vaupe,  an  affluent  of  the 
upper  Rio  Negro. 

Rhegmatorhina  hoffmannsi  (Hellmayr).b   HOFFMANNS'S  ANTCATCHER. 

Anoplops  hoffmannsi  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  19,  Feb.  1907,  p.  52  (Borba, 
Rio  Madeira);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  387,  pi.  3,  fig.  2  (cf),  3(9) 
(Borba);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  365  (Calama,  Allianca,  Rio  Madeira;  Mar- 
oins,  Rio  Machados);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  311  (Rio 
Madeira;  ex  HELLMAYR). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rio  Madeira 
(from  Calama  to  Borba)  and  on  its  affluent,  the  Rio  Machados 
(Maroins). 

the  back  more  brownish,  and  the  lower  mandible  yellowish  white.    Wing  76;  tail 
50;  bill  17. 

The  male  bears  a  certain  resemblance  to  R.  cristata,  from  which  it  chiefly  differs 
in  the  slate  gray  belly,  and  in  the  rufous  color  below  being  much  lighter  and  restricted 
to  a  limited  space  on  the  foreneck,  while  the  female  is  altogether  different. 

Two  o*cf ,  one  9  from  Villa  Braga  examined. — C.  E.  H. 

a  Rhegmatorhina  cristata  (PELZELN)  :  Male.  Pileum,  nape  and  sides  of  neck 
chestnut,  deepest  on  crown;  back  dull  olive  brown;  wing  coverts,  and  wings  rufous 
brown;  tail  like  back;  sides  of  head  and  throat  sooty  black;  breast  chestnut,  becom- 
ing duller  on  posterior  median  portion  and  passing  gradually  into  the  rufescent  olive 
brown  of  the  belly;  under  wing  coverts  and  inner  web  of  quills  cinnamon.  Wing 
82>£;tail59>£;  bill  18.  Female  differs  by  lacking  the  crest,  the  feathers  of  the  pileum 
being  but  slightly  elongated;  darker,  blackish  chestnut  pileum;  duller  blackish  sides 
of  head  and  throat,  and  more  russet  brown  back  with  a  number  of  blackish  sub- 
apical  spots  and  slight  buffy  ochraceous  apical  margins..  Wing  76;  tail  52;  bill  17. 

The  two  typical  examples  are  still  the  only  ones  known  to  exist.  The  female  appears 
to  be  a  young  bird,  judging  from  the  fluffy  texture  of  the  plumage. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Rhegmatorhina  hoffmannsi  (HELLMAYR):  Male.  Upper  part  of  the  head, 
including  lores,  deep  black;  crest  feathers  sometimes  with  concealed  chestnut  base; 
back,  lesser  and  median  wing  coverts  pale  dull  olive;  upper  tail  and  greater  wing 
coverts  rufescent  olive  brown;  quills  dusky,  russet  on  outer  webs;  tail  dark  brown, 
slightly  more  rufescent  along  outer  web;  cheeks,  malar  region,  throat  and  foreneck 
pure  white ;  rest  of  under  parts  slate  gray  or  dull  slaty ;  sides  of  breast  and  abdomen 
tinged  with  brownish;  axillars  and  under  wing  coverts  dusky  brown;  inner  web  of 
remiges  broadly  edged  with  clear  cinnamon.  Bill  black.  Wing  (7)  79-81^;  tail 
52-54;bill,  i7-i8K-  Female.  Forehead  and  crest  dark  chestnut,  the  shafts  of  the  feath- 
ers only  black;  back  brighter  olive  brown,  wings  and  tail  more  rufescent  than  in 
the  male;  feathers  of  upper  back  and  wing  coverts  each  with  a  broad  black  subterminal 
bar  and  a  narrow  cinnamomeous  apical  margin;  chest  and  middle  of  breast  ochreous, 
broadly  banded  with  black;  sides  and  abdomen  uniform  olive  brown;  under  wing 
coverts  tawny,  irregularly  barred  with  blackish.  Lower  mandible  whitish.  Wing  (12) 
75-81;  tail  50-54;  bill  17-18.— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  307 

Genus  HYLOPHYLAX  Ridgway." 

Hylophylax  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  Apr.  1909,  p.  70  (type  Cono- 

pophaga  naevioides  LAFRESNAYE). 
Dichropogon  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (gth  ser.),  2,  July  1918,  p.  124  (type 

Hypocnemis  poecilinota  CABANIS). 
Stictomyrmornis  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  39,  Feb.  1919,  p.  59  (type  Pipra 

name  GMELIN). 

*Hylophylax  naevioides  naevioides  (Lafresnaye) .   SPOTTED  ANTBIRD. 

Conopophaga  naevioides  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  10,  1847,  p.  69  (no  locality 
given,  type  in  Mus.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  coll.  Delattre;  we  suggest  as  type 
locality  Panama,  whence  the  Derby  Museum  (Liverpool)  possesses  two 
specimens  obtained  by  A.  Delattre). 

Hypocnemis  naevioides  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  254  (monogr.; 
part;  Panama);  idem,  1.  c.,  1860,  p.  294  (Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuadoi);  CASSIN, 
Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860,  p.  190  (Falls  of  the  Rio  Truando);  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  357  (Panama);  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZAN- 
OWSKI,  1.  c.,  1883,  p.  566  (Chimbo,  sw.  Ecuador);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  293  (part;  spec,  h-o,  Paraiso  Station,  Chepo,  Panama; 
Esmeraldas,  Ecuador);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
1892,  p.  231  (part;  Lion  Hill,  Paraiso  Station,  Chepo,  Panama;  Truando 
Falls;  w.  Ecuador);  SALVADOR:  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
1899,  p.  32  (Rio  Peripa,  w.  Ecuador);  DUBOIS,  Syn.  Av.,  I,  p.  174,  pi.  3, 
fig-  3  (c?);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  1899,  p.  50  (note  on  type);  BANGS, 
Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  1900,  p.  24  (Loma  del  Leon,  Panama);  HART- 
ERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  613  (San  Javier,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador); 
THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  46,  1906,  p.  217  (Sabana  de 
Panama);  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1167  (Condoto,  N6vita, 
Guineo,  Choc6,  w.  Colombia). 

Hypocnemis  naevoides  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  1862,  p.  326  (Lion 
Hill,  Panama). 

Hylophylax  naevioides  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  128  (part; 
Panama;  Rio  Truando,  Rio  Atrato,  Colombia;  w.  Ecuador);  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  387  (part;  Baudo,  upper  Atrato;  Barba- 
coas,  w.  Colombia);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  70,  1918,  p.  26  (Gatun, 
Canal  Zone). 

Hylophylax  naevioides  naevioides  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
65,  No.  6,  1922,  p.  208  (Mt.  Sap6,  Rio  Esnap6,  Jesusito,  Darien). 

Range:    Eastern  Panama  (from  the  Canal  Zone  eastward),  south 
along  the  Pacific  coast  of  Colombia  and  Ecuador  down  to  Chimbo.b 
i :   Panama. 

•  We  fully  agree  with  R.  Ridgway's  contention  that  no  further  subdivision  of 
this  genus  is  possible.  While  H.  naevia  and  H.  punctulata,  in  opposition  to  the 
H.  poecilinota  group  (Dichropogon  CHUBB),  have  a  decidedly  broader,  more  depressed 
bill,  H.  naevioides  (type  of  Hylophylax)  is  exactly  intermediate  in  this  respect. 

b  A  considerable  series  from  w.  Colombia  (5),  and  San  Javier,  Prov.  Esmeral- 
das, nw.  Ecuador  (15),  agrees  with  three  from  Panama. — C.  E.  H. 


308  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

"Hylophylax    naevioides    capnitis    (Bangs).*     NORTHERN    SPOTTED 
ANTBIRD. 

Hypocnemis  naevioides  capnitis  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  19,  1906,  p.  107 
(Miravelles,  Costa  Rica). 

Hypocnemis  naevioides  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858, 
p.  254  (part;  [?]  Mosquito  coast,  identified  from  a  drawing);  idem,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  293  (part;  spec,  a-g,  Costa  Rica);  SALVIN  and  GOD- 
MAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  231  (part;  Costa  Rica);  RICH- 
MOND, Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  502  (Rio  Escondido,  Nicaragua); 
UNDERWOOD,  Ibis,  1896,  p.  440  (Miravelles). 

Hypocnemis  naevoides  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  9, 1868,  p.  109  (Turrialba, 
Angostura);  FRANTZIUS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1869,  p.  306  (Costa  Rica);  ZELEDON, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Costa  Rica,  i,  1887,  p.  115  (Jimenez,  Pacuar6,  Angostura). 

Hylophylax  naevioides  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  128  (part; 
Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  619 
(Caribbean  lowlands  of  Costa  Rica;  habits,  nest). 

Range:   Caribbean  lowlands  of  Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica. 

7:  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  3),  Costa  Rica  (Orosi  2, 
Old  Harbor,  Talamanca  2). 

Hylophylax  naevioides  subsimilis  Todd.b   BOLIVAR  SPOTTED  ANTBIRD. 

Hylophylax  naevioides  subsimilis  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  30,  July  1917, 
p.  129  (Jaraquiel,  State  of  Bolivar,  n.  Colombia;  descr.  c?). 

Hylophylax  naevioides  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  387  (part;  Malena,  Magdalena  R.). 

Range:  Northern  Colombia,  in  states  of  Bolivar  (Jaraquiel)  and 
Antioquia  (Malena,  near  Puerto  Berrio,  Magdalena  River). 

*Hylophylax  naevia  naevia  (Gmelin).   SPOTTED-BACKED  ANTBIRD. 

Pipra  naevia  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i,  (2),  1789,  p.  1003  (based  on  "Le  Fourmillier 
tachet£,  de  Cayenne"  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.,  823,  fig.  2;  =  o*  ad). 

Hypocnemis  naevia  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  89  (Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro; 
Cayenne;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  BERLEPSCH, 

•  Hylophylax  naevioides  capnitis  (BANGS)  :  Slightly  larger  than  H.  n  naevioides 
with  upper  parts  brighter  chestnut,  subterminal  dark  band  on  the  tail  narrower 
and  tip  more  ochraceous ;  female  more  grayish,  less  buffy  beneath  and  the  spots  on  the 
chest  much  darker  and  more  distinct.  Wing  (cf)  66-67,  (?)  63-65;  tail  33-37. 
This  is  rather  an  ill-defined  race,  but  O.  Bangs,  who  has  examined  a  large  amount  of 
material,  considers  it  separable. 

b  Hylophylax  naevioides  subsimilis  TODD:  Male  similar  to  H.  n.  naevioides,  but 
more  extensively  white  below,  the  gray  shading  of  sides  and  flanks  more  restricted; 
pileum  dark  slate  gray,  with  only  a  trace  of  brown;  tail  grayish  instead  of  brownish, 
the  tips  of  rectrices  white  (not  tawny).  Described  from  a  single  male,  obtained 
at  Jaraquiel,  Bolivar.  There  can  be  little  doubt,  however,  that  the  female,  with 
remarkably  pale  underparts,  from  Malena,  R.  Magdalena,  mentioned  by  F.  M. 
Chapman,  also  belongs  here. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  309 

Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  159  (Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague,  Cayenne,  Camopi, 

Oyapoc,   French  Guiana),   320  (Saint- Jean-du- Maroni) ;  JHERING,  Cat.  F. 

Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  223  (range);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  302 

(range) ;  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  1917,  p.  132  (Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana). 
Hypocnemis  naevia  naevia  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris, 

(9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  44  (Cayenne,  Camopi,  French  Guiana;  crit.,  nomencl.); 

HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  355  (characters;  French  Guiana;  Mara- 

bitanas,  Rio  Negro). 
Stictomyrmornis  naevia  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  70  (Ituribisi  R., 

Supenaam,   Bartica,   Camacabra   Creek,   Great   Falls  of  Demarara,   Brit. 

Guiana). 
Hypocnemis  theresae  (not  of  DBS  MURS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 

p.  292  (part;  spec,  a,  b,  Oyapoc,  Cayenne);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris, 

10,  1904,  p.  177  (Camopi,  French  Guiana). 
Hylophylax  consobrina  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,   1913,  p.   172   (Rio 

Mocho,  upper  Caura  River,  Venezuela;  type  in  Carnegie  Museum  examined 

by  C.  E.  H.). 
Hylophylax  naevia  consobrina  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916, 

p.  290  (foot  of  Mount  Duida,  upper  Orinoco). 

Range:  French  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela  (Rio 
Mocho,  Caura;  foot  of  Mt.  Duida,  upper  Orinoco);  northwestern 
Brazil  (Marabitanas,  upper  Rio  Negro) a. 

2:  British  Guiana  (Mazaruni  River  2). 

*Hylophylax  naevia  theresae  (Des  Murs).   FLAMMULATED  ANTBIRD. 

Conopophaga  Theresae  DES  MURS  in  Castelnau,  Exp6d.  Am6r.  Sud,  Ois.,  livr. 
18,  June  1856,  p.  51,  pi.  16,  fig.  2  (Rio  Javarri,  ne.  Peru;  type  in  Paris  Museum 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =  9). 

Conopophaga  naevia  (not  Pipra  naevia  GMELIN)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY, 
Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 1837,  cl.  2,  p.  13  (Yuracares,  Bolivia) ;  D'ORBIGNY, 
Voyage  Am6r.  mend,,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  186  (Yuracares,  Bolivia;  part,  descr. 
cf  ad.,  spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Hypocnemis  theresae  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  67  (Rio  Napo),  253  (Rio 
Javarri;  descr.  o",  9 ) ;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B.,  1862,  p.  188  (upper  Amazon, 
Rio  Napo) ;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  187  (upper  Ucayali) ; 
idem,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  750  (Xeberos);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  185  (Cosnipata), 
276  (Xeberos,  Chamicuros);  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1874,  P-  531  (Monterico, 

•  With  the  material  at  present  available  I  cannot  make  up  my  mind  to  separate 
the  Venezuelan  and  Brazilian  birds  from  typical  naevia.  The  type  of  H.  consobrina, 
an  adult  male  in  annual  molt,  differs  from  a  good  series  of  Guianan  males  merely  by 
having  the  spots  on  the  interscapulium  much  brighter,  more  of  an  ochraceous-buff. 
Three  males  from  Marabitanas  agree  in  this  respect,  but  have  decidedly  larger 
(white  or  buff)  markings  on  the  wing  coverts.  Two  of  these  specimens  approach  the 
upper  Amazonian  race  theresae  by  the  greater  extent  of  slate  gray  on  forehead  and 
superciliary  region.  Two  females  from  Marabitanas  only  differ  from  the  Guianan 
ones  by  their  pure  white  throat. 

Material:  eleven  d"o",  seven  9  9  French  Guiana;  one  o",  one  9  British 
Guiana;  one  d"1  Rio  Mocho;  three  o*d",  two  9  9  Marabitanas,  Brazil. — C.  E.  H. 


310  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

ne.  Ayacucho);  idem,  1.  c.,  1882,  p.  32  (Huambo,  Yurimaguas)  ;  idem,  Orn. 
P£rou,  2,  1884,  p.  72  (descr.  cf,  9;  Peruvian  localities);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  292  (part;  spec,  c-m,  Xeberos,  Chamicuros,  Iquitos, 
upper  Ucayali,  Peru;  Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador);  SALVADORI  and 
FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  31  (Zamora,  Rio  Santiago, 
e.  Ecuador);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  442  (Rio  Jurua). 

Hypocnemis  naevia  theresae  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom. 
Paris,  (gth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  46  (crit.  ;  Rio  Javarri,  e.  Ecuador;  Iquitos,  ne.  Peru; 
Bolivia);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  354  (Calama,  Allianca,  Rio 
Madeira;  Maroins,  R.  Machados),  356  (characters,  range)  ;  idem,  1.  c.,  28, 
1921,  p.  208  (Yuracares,  crit.);  idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920, 
p.  no  (Yahuarmayo,  San  Gaban,  Marcapata,  se.  Peru). 

Hylophylax  naevia  theresae  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917, 
p.  387  (La  Morelia,  Caqueta,  se.  Colombia;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Hypocnemis  naevia  ochracea  (not  of  BERLEPSCH)  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 
8,  1914,  p.  302  (part;  Villa  Braga,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range  :  Upper  Amazonia,  from  southeastern  Colombia  (La  Morelia, 
R.  Caqueta;  Cuembi,  R.  Putumayo)  through  eastern  Ecuador  and 
eastern  Peru  (in  depts.  Loreto,  Huanuco,  Junin,  northeastern  Aya- 
cucho, Cuzco,  and  northern  Puno)  to  northern  Bolivia  (Yuracares, 
San  Mateo,  Rio  Surutu),  east  through  western  Brazil,  south  of  the 
Amazon  Valley,  to  the  left  bank  of  the  Tapajoz  (Villa  Braga),  south  to 
northern  Matto  Grosso  (Rio  Roosevelt).* 

6:   Peru  (Moyobamba  i,  Huachipa  4,  Vista  Alegre  i). 

Hylophylax  naevia  ochracea  (BerlepscK)*  OCHRACEOUS  ANTBIRD. 

Hypocnemis  naevia  ochracea  BERLEPSCH,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  20,  1912,  p.  20 
(Tucunar6,  Rio  Jamauchim,  easterly  affluent  of  the  Rio  Tapaj6z;  type  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.);  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  1920,  p.  nt 
in  text  (characters;  from  the  Jamauchim  to  the  Tocantins);  idem,  Nov. 
Zool.,  28,  1921,  p.  209  (crit.);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  302 
(part;  Cameta,  Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins;  Victoria,  Rio  Xingu;  Santa 
Helena,  TucunarS,  Rio  Jamauchim). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  from  the  Rio  Jamauchim,  an  easterly 
affluent  of  the  Tapajoz,  east  to  the  Tocantins  (Cametd,  Arumatheua). 

•  Sixty-two  specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Hylophylax  naevia  ochracea  (BERLEPSCH)  :  Male  similar  to  H.  n.  theresae  (for 
characters  see  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  356),  but  black,  white-spotted  interscapular 
area  more  restricted,  and  flanks  and  under  tail  coverts  decidedly  deeper  ochraceous, 
resembling  therein  the  northern  H.  n.  naevia;  female  distinguishable  by  its  deeper 
ochraceous  underparts,  without  any  black  spots  on  the  chest,  or  with  just  a  few 
streaks  on  the  sides  of  the  foreneck.  Wing  58-60;  tail  38-41;  bill 


Three  o"o",  two  9  9  Rio  Jamauchim;  one  o*  Victoria,  Rio  Xingu;  one  9 
Cametd,  R.  Tocantins,  examined.  Although  some  of  the  females  from  the  Rio 
Machados  (Maroins),  by  their  darker  chest  and  reduction  of  black  spotting,  form  the 
transition,  this  interesting  race  is  well  characterized.  —  C.  E.  H. 


1924-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  311 

Hylophylax  punctulata  (Des  Murs).*  DBS  MURS'S  SPOTTED  ANTBIRD. 

Rhopotera  punctulata  DES  MURS  in  Castelnau,  Exp6d.  AmeY.  Sud,  Ois.,  livr.  18, 
June  1856,  p.  53  ("Haut  Amazone,"  we  suggest  Pebas,  n.  bank  of  Maranon, 
ne.  Peru,  as  type  locality;  type  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.; 
=  9  ad.).b 

Rhopothera  guttata  DES  MURS,  1.  c.,  livr.  20,  Dec.  1856,  pi.  17,  fig.  3  (fig.  of  type). 

Hypocnemis  margaritifera  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  89,  165  (Rio 
Amajau,  below  Barcellos  on  the  Rio  Negro,  nw.  Brazil;  types  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H. ;  =  o"  ad). 

Hypocnemis  punctulata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris, 
(9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  47  (Pebas;  crit.b);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907, 
p.  377  (Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  354  (Calama,  Rio 
Madeira;  descr.  juv.);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  222  (range); 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  301  (Amazonia). 

Hylophylax  punctulata  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916,  p.  290 
(La  Union,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.c). 

Hypocnemis  naevia  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  1857,  p.  265 
(Rio  Javarri;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  253  (part; 
descr.  et  hab.  upper  Amazon,  Rio  Javarri);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou,  2, 
1884,  p.  71  (part;  descr.  of  "o31"  only  ex  coll.  Castelnau  in  Paris  Museum); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  291  (part;  spec,  b-g,  Rio  Javarri, 
Iquitos,  ne.  Peru);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  79 
(La  Pricion,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Eastern  Venezuela  (Caura  Valley);  northern  Brazil  (Rio 
Amajau,  an  affluent  of  the  Rio  Negro,  below  Barcellos;  Calama, 
Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira;  Rio  Curua,d  an  affluent  of  the  Rio  Iriri,  R. 
Xingu);  northeastern  Peru  (Rio  Javarri;  Pebas,  Iquitos,  R.  Maranon). e 

•  Hylophylax  punctulata  (DES  MURS)  is,  in  both  sexes,  at  once  distinguishable 
from  H.  naevia  and  allies  by  white  (instead  of  slate  gray)  lores,  subocular  region 
and  auriculars,  black  (instead  of  brown)  upper  tail  coverts,  and  horn  gray  (instead 
of  wax  yellow)  legs,  besides  other  differences.    Thirty-two  specimens  examined  by 
C.  E.  H. 

b  The  type,  though  marked  as  "o*,"  is  an  adult  female,  as  its  recent  re-exami- 
nation by  C.  E.  H.  tends  to  show. 

c  These  are  the  specimens  from  La  Union,  "lower  Orinoco,"  referred  to  by 
F.  M.  CHAPMAN  (Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 1917,  p.  387)  in  the  text  of  Hylophy- 
lax naevia  theresae. 

A  An  immature  female,  obtained  by  E.  Snethlage  on  August  24,  1909,  at  the 
Malocca  de  Manuelsinho,  Rio  Curua,  and  preserved  in  the  Museu  Goeldi,  Pard, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

•  Birds  from  northeastern  Peru  (Pebas,  Iquitos)  are  identical  with  the  types  of 
H.  margaritifera  from  the  Rio  Amajau,  and  a  series  from  the  Rio  Madeira.   Fifteen 
skins  from  the  Caura  River,  Venezuela,  average  very  slightly  larger,  but  are  not 
otherwise  different.  MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL               BILL 

Ten  c?  o*  from  the  Caura,  Venezuela       59,59, 60,60,60,  29-32               16-17 

61,61,62,62,63 

Two  o*  o"  from  the  Rio  Amajau                       59,59  30,30 

Six  o*  c?1  from  the  Rio  Madeira                          58-61  28^-32           is-i6>£ 

Three  9  9  from  the  Caura  River                58^,60,61  31,31,32           16^-17 

Three  9  9  from  the  Rio  Madeira                 57.58,58  29,30,31               16 

Two  9  9  from  Pebas,  ne.  Peru                        58,59  30,32 
— C.  E.  H. 


312  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Hylophylax  poecilinota  poecilinota  (Cabanis).*    SCALE-BACKED  ANT- 
BIRD. 

(??)  Myrmothera  caerulescens  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  nat.,  nouv.  ed.,  12, 

1817,  p.  no  ("Guyane"=  Cayenne;  descr.  cf). 
Hypocnemis  poecilinota  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  213,  pi.  4, 

fig.  2,  3  (British  Guiana;  descr.  o"  ad.);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908, 

P-  159  (Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague;  Cayenne). 
Hypocnemis  poecilonota  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  1848, 

p.  684   (coastal  forests  of  British  Guiana);   SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26, 

1858,  p.  251  (part;  descr.  d",  Brit.  Guiana);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  428  (Bar- 

tica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Roraima,  Rio  Atapurow,  Brit.  Guiana);  SCLATER, 

Cat.  B.  Biit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  286  (part;  spec,  a-k,  British  Guiana;  Maroni 

R..  Surinam) ;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 1902,  p.  78  (Munduapo, 

Nericagua,  R.  Orinoco;  Suapure,  La  Pricion,  Nicare,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela; 

spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  297 

(Obidos,  n.  Brazil). 
Hypocnemis  poecilonata  (sic)   MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  14,   1908,  p.   13 

(French  Guiana). 
Hypocnemis  poecilinota  poecilinota  HELLMAYR,   Nov.  Zool.,  13,   1906,    p.  371 

(diag.   d\    9 ;  British  Guiana,  Surinam,  French  Guiana;  Venezuela;  Caura- 

Orinoco  basin). 
Hylophylax  poecilonota  poecilonota  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 

1916,  p.   289   (Munduapo,   Nericagua,  R.   Orinoco;  Suapure,   Caura  R.); 

BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  1917,  p.  132  (Bartica  Grove). 
Dicnropogon  poecilonota  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,   1921,  p.  67   (British 

Guiana). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela 
(Caura  Valley,  and  the  Orinoco  River,  up  to  Munduapo  and  Nericagua, 
north  of  San  Fernando  de  Atabapo);  northern  Brazil  (Obidos,  north 
bank  of  lower  Amazon)  .b 

•  I  cannot  imagine  what  Hypocnemis  surinamensis  PENARD  and  PENARD  (Vogels 
Guyana,  2,  1910,  p.  328;  Surinam)  might  possibly  be.  It  is  described  as  being  simi- 
lar to  H.  poecilinota,  but  without  white  dorsal  patch  and  edges  to  wing  coverts. — 
C.  E.  H. 

b  Females  from  the  Guianas  generally  have  but  a  few  indistinct  markings  above, 
while  in  seven  from  the  Caura  and  two  from  the  upper  Orinoco  (Munduapo,  Neri- 
cagua) the  whole  median  portion  of  the  back  is  crossed  by  numerous  well-defined 
black  and  deep  buff  bands.  I  am,  however,  not  quite  certain  of  the  significance  of 
this  difference,  since  most  of  the  Guianan  specimens  examined  appear  to  be  immature 
and  an  undoubtedly  adult  female  from  Ipousin  (French  Guiana)  is  hardly  less  banded 
than  the  average  from  the  Caura.  The  extent  of  the  cinnamomeous  chin  spot  is 
individually  variable;  the  white  interscapular  spot  is  generally  absent,  only  in  one 
female  each  from  Suapure  and  Nericagua  faintly  indicated.  There  is  no  difference 
between  Venezuelan  and  Guianan  males,  as  far  as  I  can  see. 

Material:  three  o"o*,  one  9  Saint- Jean-du- Maroni;  two  d"cT,  two  9  9 
Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague;  one  cf,  one  9  Cayenne,  French  Guiana;  one  o",  one  9 
Merum6  Mts. ;  one  9  Camacusa,  one  9  Bartica  Grove,  British  Guiana;  one  9 
Surinam;  eight  d"  p",  eight  9  9  Caura;  three  d*  o",  one  9  Nericagua;  one  cf ,  one  9 
Munduapo,  R.  Orinoco. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  313 

"Hylophylax  poecilinota  lepidonota  (Sdater  and  Salvin).    WESTERN 
SCALE-BACKED  ANTBIRD. 

Hypocnemis  lepidonota  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  160  (Sara- 
yacu,  e.  Ecuador;  type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.;  =9); 
TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou.  2, 1884,  p.  64  (Monterico,  Huambo,  Yurimaguas, 
Peru;  descr.  o*,  9);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p  287,  pi.  16, 
fig-  1  (o*),  2  (9)  (Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  Iquitos,  Chamicuros,  Peru;  "Oya- 
poc,  Cayenne,"  errore!;  Rio  Napo;  "Bogota");  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  384  (La  Merced,  Chanchamayo,  Peru);  SALVADOR: 
and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  31  (Santiago,  e.  Ecuador). 

Hypocnemis  poecilinota  lepidonota  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  372 
(diag.  cf,  9  ;  Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador;  "Bogotd";  Marabitanas  and 
Rio  Vaup£,  nw.  Brazil;  Iquitos,  Chamicuros,  Huambo,  Yurimaguas,  Guaya- 
bamba,  Nuevo  Loreto,  Monterico,  La  Merced;  Pozuzo,  Huanuco,  Peru). 

Hypocnemis  poecilonota  lepidonota  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  222  (range) ; 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  297  (char.,  range). 

Hylophylax  lepidonota  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  387 
(La  Morelia,  R.  Caqueta,  se.  Colombia;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Hylophylax  poecilonota  lepidonota  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
1916,  p.  289  (foot  of  Mt.  Duida,  upper  Orinoco). 

Hypocnemis  poecilinota  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  1857, 
p.  18  ("Bogota,"  in  Coll.  Lawrence;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Hypocnemis  poecilonota  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  67  (Rio  Napo), 
251  (part;  upper  Amazon,  "Bogota");  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  88 
(part;  Marabitanas,  Rio  Vaup6,  upper  Rio  Negro;  spec,  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  53*  (Monterico) ;  idem, 
1.  c.,  1882,  p.  32  (Yurimaguas). 

Hylophylax  lepidonota  duidae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  86,  Aug.  1923, 
p.  7  (foot  of  Mount  Duida,  upper  Orinoco,  s.  Venezuela;  type  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.). 

Range :  Upper  Amazonia,  from  the  east  slopes  of  the  eastern  Andes 
in  Colombia  ("Bogotd";  La  Morelia,  Rio  Caquetd;  Cuembi,  Rio  Put- 
ttmayo)  and  southernmost  Venezuela  (foot  of  Mount  Duida,  upper 
Orinoco)  through  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu,  Zamora, 
Rio  Santiago)  and  northwestern  Brazil  (Marabitanas  and  Rio  Vaupe*, 
upper  Rio  Negro)  to  Peru,  in  depts.  Loreto  (Iquitos,  Chamicuros, 
Yurimaguas,  Huayabamba  Valley,  Nuevo  Loreto),  Hudnuco  (Pozuzo, 
Vista  Alegre),  Junin  (La  Merced,  Puerto  Bermudez)  and  northeastern 
Ayacucho  (Monterico).* 

2:  Peru  (Vista  Alegre  i,  Puerto  Bermudez  i). 

•  There  is  so  much  individual  variation  in  the  numerous  specimens  before  me 
that  I  cannot  maintain  the  recently  segregated  H.  p.  duidae  as  distinct.  Males  from 
the  foot  of  Mt.  Duida  and  the  upper  stretches  of  the  Rio  Negro  (Marabitanas)  are, 
as  a  rule,  slightly  paler  slate  gray  below,  but  not  constantly  so,  and  in  "Bogota" 
collections  both  pale  and  extremely  dark  specimens  are  found.  The  coloration  of  the 
lower  parts  in  the  female  sex  is  exceedingly  variable.  Two  from  "Bogota"  and  seven 


314  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Hylophylax  poecilinota  griseiventris  (Pelzeln).*    GRAY-BELLIED  ANT- 
BIRD. 

Pithys  griseiventris  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  Sept.  1868,  p.  89,  167  (Villa  Maria 
(  =  San  Luis  de  Caceres)  and  Engenho  do  Gama,  w.  Matto  Grosso;  Borba, 
Rio  Madeira;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H. ;  we  designate 
as  type  No.  15,597  9  ad.,  Borba,  March  3,  1830,  J.  Natterer  Coll.). 

Hypocnemis  poecilinota  griseiventris  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  371 
(crit.),  372  (characters  d",  9  ;  Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  Villa  Maria,  Engenho 
do  Gama,  w.  Matto  Grosso);  idem,  1.  c.,  14,  1907,  p.  67  (Teff6,  Rio  Solimoes), 
378  (Humaytha,  Borba,  Rio  Madera);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  357  (Calama, 
R.  Madeira;  S.  Isabel,  Rio  Preto;  Allianca,  Maroins,  Rio  Machados). 

Hypocnemis  poecilonota  griseiventris  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  222 
(Matto  Grosso,  Rio  Madeira);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  297 
(Amazonia,  Matto  Grosso). 

Hylophylax  griseiventris  griseiventris  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  86, 
Aug.  1923,  p.  7  in  text  (Borba;  Rio  Roosevelt,  Matto  Grosso;  Astillero, 
se.  Peru). 

Hypocnemis  poecilonota  (not  of  CABANIS)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  88 
(part;  Borba,  R.  Madeira;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonian  region  of  Brazil,  from  the  Rio  Madeira 
(both  banks)  westward,  north  to  Teffe",  Rio  Solimoes,  south  to  western 

from  the  upper  Rio  Negro  (Marabitanas,  Rio  Vaup6)  have  the  whole  under  sur- 
face, from  the  chin  down  to  the  anal  region,  nearly  uniform  bright  ferruginous,  the 
abdomen  scarcely  paler  than  the  breast  and  throat;  while  in  birds  from  e.  Ecuador, 
se.  Colombia  (Cuembi,  La  Morelia),  Mt.  Duida  and  Peru  the  general  tone  is  paler, 
more  pchraceous,  the  throat  and  foreneck  only  more  or  less  tinged  with  lighter 
ferruginous.  The  only  characters  of  geographical  significance  I  can  discover  are  the 
somewhat  brighter  ferruginous  front  and  sides  of  the  head  and  the  more  rufous  brown 
crown  in  females,  as  also  the  lesser  development  of  the  white  interscapular  blotch 
in  both  sexes  from  the  upper  Rio  Negro  and  the  Duida  district  of  Venezuela.  Two 
"Bogota"  females  and  one  from  Nuevo  Loreto,  n.  Peru,  combine  the  bright  head 
of  "duidae"  with  the  well-developed  white  dorsal  patch  of  "lepidonota."  The  differ- 
ences appear  to  me  too  slight  and  inconstant  for  recognition  in  nomenclature, 
though  more  satisfactory  material  might  ultimately  lead  to  the  opposite  view. 

H.  p.  lepidonota  is  unquestionably  but  the  western  representative  of  H.  p.  poecil- 
inota. Among  the  females  of  the  latter  form  from  the  Caura  River,  there  is  one, 
secured  by  E.  Andrd  at  Nicare,  on  January  18,  1901,  with  white  apical  margins  to 
some  of  the  scapulars.  The  lesser  amount  of  white  at  the  base  of  the  interscapulars 
in  specimens  from  the  Rio  Negro  and  Duida  regions  is  another  approach  towards 
the  characters  of  typical  poecilinota. 

Material:  Four  0*0",  six  99  Marabitanas;  one  9  Rio  Vaup6,  Rio  Negro;  three 
d*d"i  two  9  9  "Bogota  ,  one  o",  two  9  9  La  Morelia,  Caqueta;  one  9  Cuembi,  R. 
Putumayo,  se.  Colombia;  two  0*0",  two  9  9  foot  of  Mt.  Duida,  s.  Venezuela;  two 
c?  d\  four  9  9  e.  Ecuador;  one  o*  Vista  Alegre;  one  9  Puerto  Bermudez;  one  & 
Pozuzo;  onecT  Guayabamba;  one  9  Nuevo  Loreto;  one  9  La  Merced,  Peru.— C.E.H. 

•  Hylophylax  poecilinota  griseiventris  (PELZELN)  :  Male  similar  to  H.  p.  lepido- 
nota, but  with  the  white  interscapular  blotch  much  more  extensive,  the  feathers  of 
the  anterior  back  being  white  for  their  entire  basal  half;  female  similar  to  H,  p. 
poecilinota,  but  back  and  wing  coverts  without  any  trace  of  black  or  buff  markings; 
rectrices  russet  or  reddish  olive  brown,  with  a  black  subterminal  band  and  a  white 
apical  margin,  but  with  no  other  white  markings;  white  interscapular  blotch  much 
larger.  Forty-seven  specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


1924-  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  315 

Matto  Grosso  (Rio  Guapore",  San  Luis  de  Caceres,  Rio  Roosevelt)  and 
(according  to  Chapman)  to  southeastern  Peru  (Astillero,  northern 
Puno). 

Hylophylax  poecilinota  nigrigula  (Snethlage) .»   BLACK-THROATED  ANT- 
BIRD. 

Hypocnemis  poecilonota  nigrigula  SNETHLAGE,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  22,  1914, 
p.  42  (Boim  [type],  Villa  Braga,  left  bank  of  Rio  Tapaj<3z). 

Hypocnemis  poecilonota  consp.  nov.,  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  298 
(Boim). 

Hypocnemis  poecilonota,  vid.ua  (not  of  HELLMAYR)  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 
8,  1914,  p.  297  (part;  Villa  Braga,  Rio  Tapaj6z). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rio  Tapaj6z 
(Boim,  Villa  Braga). 

"Hylophylax  poecilinota  vidua  (Hellmayr).b  WIDOW  ANTBIRD. 

Hypocnemis  vidua  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  1905,  p.  290  (Igarap6-Assu,  Para, 
ne.  Brazil;  descr.  9  ad.);  SNETHLAGE,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  14,  1906,  p.  29 
(descr.  o"). 

Hypocnemis  poecilinota  vidua  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  370  (Sao 
Antonio  do  Prata,  Para),  372  (char,  cf,  9  ;  Igarape'-Assu,  S.  Antonio);  idem, 
Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Akad.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  49  (Peixe- 
Boi),  93  (Para  localities). 

Hypocnemis  poecilonota  vidua  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  287 
(Para,  Rio  Guama);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  222  (Para);  SNETH- 
LAGE, Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  297  (Para,  Mocajatuba,  Providencia, 
Ananindeuba,  Apehu,  Santa  Isabel,  Peixe-Boi;  Ourem,  Rio  Guama;  Cameta, 
Baiao,  Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins;  Tucunarg,  Rio  Jamauchim). 

Hypocnemis  poecilonota  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  286  (part;  spec,  k,  Para). 

Hylophylax  griseiventris  vidua  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  86,  1923, 
p.  7  in  text  (Para;  Rio  Tocantins;  Santarem). 

•  Hylophylax  poecilinota  nigrigula  (SNETHLAGE)  :  Male  similar  to  H.  p.  vidua,  but 
immediately  recognizable  from  this  as  well  as  all  other  races  by  its  black  throat, 
abruptly  contrasted  with  the  slate  gray  under  parts;  female  not  appreciably  different 
from  that  of  H.  p.  vidua.  Wing  ( c?)  66;  tail  41 ;  bill  16.  Miss  Snethlage  is  no  doubt 
right  in  referring  some  Villa  Braga  females  to  nigrigula ,  originally  based  on  an 
immature  male  from  Boim. 

b  Hylophylax  poecilinota  vidua  (HELLMAYR)  :  Male  nearest  to  H,  p.  poecilinota, 
but  throat  whitish,  decidedly  contrasting  with  slate  gray  of  under  parts;  female 
agreeing  with  griseiventris  in  absence  of  markings  on  back,  upper  tail  coverts  and 
wings,  and  in  coloration  of  tail;  but  less  rufescent  above,  edge  of  wing  and  sides  of 
head  pale  gray  (instead  of  ferruginous),  chin  whitish  like  throat,  and  forehead  olive 
brown  like  pileum  (not  ferruginous).  Wing  63-67;  tail  39-43;  bill  15-17.  Twenty- 
five  specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


316  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  in  states  of 
Maranhao  and  Para,  west  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Tapajoz  (Santarem; 
Rio  Jamauchim)." 

2:   Brazil  (Tury-assii,  Maranhao  2). 


Genus  PHLEGOPSIS  Reichenbach. 

Phlegopsis  REICHENBACH,  Av.  Syst.  Nat.,  1850,  pi.  57  (type  by  subs,  desig., 
Gray,  Cat.  Gen.  Subgen.  Birds,  1855,  p.  42,  Myothera  nigro-maculata  LAFRES- 
NAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY). 

Phlogopsis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  276  (emendation  of  Phlegopsis 
REICHENBACH). 

Phlegopsis  nigromaculata  nigromaculata  (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny). 
BLACK-SPOTTED  BARE-EYE. 

Myothera  nigro-maculata  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag. 
Zool.,  7,  1837,  cl.  2,  p.  14  (Guarayos,  e.  Bolivia;  type  in  Paris  Museum  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  mend.,  Ois.,  1838,  p.  190, 
pi.  6  bis,  fig.  2  (Yuracares,  e.  Bolivia). 

Formicarius  nigro-maculatus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  68  (Rio  Napo, 
e.  Ecuador). 

Phlogopsis  nigro-maculata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  276  (Bolivia  [ex 
D'ORBIGNY];  Rio  Napo;  Rio  Ucayali,  e.  Peru);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  B., 
1862,  p.  190  (Rio  Napo);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  76  (Guara- 
yos); BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  1889,  p.  304  (upper  Ucayali,  e.  Peru; 
spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  299 
(part;  Rio  Ucayali,  Rio  Napo);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  313 
(Amazonia,  Ecuador). 

Phlegopsis  nigromaculata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris, 
(9th  sen),  8,  1906,  p.  53  (Guarayos;  note  on  type);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
14,  1907,  p.  73  (Teff6,  Rio  Solimoes);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  223 
(Rio  Jurua). 

Phlegopsis  nigromaculata  nigromaculata  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  388 
(Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira;  range);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  367  (Humaytha); 
idem,  1.  c.,  28,  1921,  p.  211  (Guarayos,  San  Mateo,  n.  Bolivia;  crit.). 

Phlogopsis  nigromaculata  bowmani  (not  of  RIDGWAY)  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  443  (Rio  Jurud;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Phlogopsis  notata  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  97  (lower 
Beni,  n.  Bolivia;  type  in  American  Museum  Nat.  Hist,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  eastern  Peru  (River  Ucayali)  and 
northern  Bolivia  (Guarayos,  Rio  San  Mateo,  lower  Beni,  north  slope 
of  Sierra  de  Cochabamba)  to  western  Brazil,  east  to  the  left  bank  of 

«  No  specimens  from  the  Tapaj6z  seen.  An  adult  male  from  the  Tocantins 
(Arumatheua)  is  identical  with  others  from  Para. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  317 

the  Rio  Madeira  (Humaytha),  north  to  the  Rio  Solimoes  (Teffe"); 
also  recorded  from  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo).» 

Phlegopsis  nigromaculata  bowman!   Ridgway.b     BOWMAN'S    BLACK- 
SPOTTED  BARE-EYE. 

Phlogopsis  bowmani  (Riker  Ms.)  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  10,  Aug.  1888, 
p.  524  (Diamantina,  near  Santarem,  R.  Tapaj6z);  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN, 
Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  29  (Diamantina);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  300  (lower  Amazon);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  513  (Villa 
Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  314  (Malocca  de 
Manuelsinho,  Rio  Curud;  Villa  Braga,  Pimental,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  Tucunar6, 
Rio  Jamauchim). 

Phlegopsis  bowmani  JHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  223  (Diamantina; 
Borba). 

Phlegopsis  nigromaculata  bowmani  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  388 
(Borba,  Rio  Madeira);  idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  367  (Calama,  Allianca,  Mani- 
cor6,  Rio  Madeira;  Maroins,  Rio  Machados);  idem,  1.  c.,  28,  1921,  p.  212 
(range). 

Phlogopsis  nigromaculata  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  PELZELN,  Orn. 
Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  90  (part;  Borba). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  right 
bank  of  the  Rio  Madeira  (Borba  Manicore,  Calama,  Allianca)  and 
its  tributary,  the  Machados,  east  to  the  Xingu  (Rio  Curud).0 

*Phlegopsis  nigromaculata  paraensis  Hellmayr*  PARA  BLACK-SPOTTED 
BARE-EYE. 

Phlegopsis  paraensis  HELLMAYR,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  12,  1904,  p.  53  (Para; 
type  in  Vienna  Museum);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  1905,  p.  291  (Igarap€-Assu, 
Pard);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  1,1907,  p.  223  (Para). 

a  Birds  from  Teff6  are  practically  identical  with  those  from  e.  Peru  (Ucayali) 
and  n.  Bolivia.  Two  (put  of  three)  skins  from  Humaytha  do  not  differ  either,  while 
the  third  (female),  by  its  brighter  upper  parts — but  in  no  other  respect — approaches 
P.  n.  bowmani  which  replaces  the  typical  race  on  the  opposite  river  bank.  Material 
examined  by  C.E.H. :  i  Guarayos;  i  lower  Beni;  two  9  9  S.  Mateo,  Bolivia;  two  d"  d\ 
one  9  Rio  Ucayali;  one  d",  one  9  Teffg;  one  o",  two  9  9  Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira. 

b  Phlegopsis  nigromaculata  bowmani  (Riocw.):  Differs  from  P.  n.  nigromaculata 
chiefly  by  the  much  brighter,  golden-yellowish  olive  (instead  of  greyish  olive)  ground- 
color of  the  upper  parts  with  the  black  markings  much  broader  and  shorter,  thus 
producing  a  transverse  pattern,  while  they  are  decidedly  longitudinal  in  the  typical 
race.— C.  E.  H. 

•  I  have  not  seen  a  specimen  from  the  type  locality.  A  single  adult  from  Villa 
Braga,  left  bank  of  Tapaj6z,  is  rather  brighter  above  than  a  series  of  twenty-seven 
skins  from  the  right  side  of  the  Rio  Madeira  (Borba  to  the  Rio  Machados). — C.  E.  H. 

d  Phlegopsis  nigromaculata  paraensis  HELLMAYR:  Differs  from  both  of  its  allies 
by  having  the  upper  parts  warm  rufescent  brown,  with  much  smaller,  drop  or  pearl- 
shaped,  black  spots,  surrounded  by  a  narrow  cinnamomeous  margin,  on  back, 
greater  wing  coverts,  and  the  sides  of  the  body  likewise  rufescent  brown  instead  of 
olivaceous,  besides  some  minor  characters.  In  addition  to  nine  adults  of  both  sexes 
from  the  Par4  district,  I  have  examined  in  the  British  Museum  a  specimen  pre- 
pared like  the  trade  skins  imported  from  Cayenne. — C.  E.  H. 


318  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Phlegopsis  nigromaculata  paraensis  HELLMAYR,   Nov.  Zool.,   14,    1907,   p.  389 

(Pard);  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912, 

P-  49.  93  (Para,  Murutucu,  Ourem,  Capim,  Igarap6-Assii) ;  idem,  Nov.  Zool., 

28,  1921,  p.  212  (range). 
Phlogopsis  paraensis  SNETHLAGE,  Orn.  Monatsber.,  14,  1906,  p.  30  (Para,  Ourem) ; 

idem,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,   1907,  p.  287  (same  localities);  idem,  Bol.  Mus. 

Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  314  (Para,  Providencia,  Ananindeua,  Benevides,  Apehii; 

Santa  Maria  do  Sao  Miguel,  Ourem,  R.  Guama;  Cameta,  R.  Tocantins). 
Phlogopsis  nigromaculata  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER  and 

SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  576  (Para);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868, 

p.  90  (part;   Para);   SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  299  (part; 

spec,  a,  b,  Pard,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  499  (Rio 

Capim). 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Maranhao  and  Para,  west 
to  the  Tocantins  (Cameta). 

6:  Brazil  (Utinga,  near  Para  i,  Tury-assii,  Maranhao  5). 

Phlegopsis  erythroptera  (Gould).*   THREE-BANDED  BARE-EYE. 

Formicarius  erythropterus  GOULD,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (2d  ser.),  15,  May 
!855,  p.  345  ("Interior  of  Demerara,"  locality  no  doubt  erroneous,  we  sug- 
gest Rio  Negro,  nw.  Brazil ;  type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H. ; 
=  d1  nearly  adult);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  69  (reprint  of  orig. 
descr.). 

Formicarius  trivittatus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  June  1857,  p.  46  ("Amazon 
River";  the  type,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.  in  British  Museum,  is  one  of 
A.  R.  Wallace's  skins  and  was  probably  obtained  on  the  Rio  Negro;  =  9  ad.). 

Phlogopsis  erythroptera  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  276  (descr.  d"); 
SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  73  (system,  position);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras., 
2,  1868,  p.  90,  167  (syn.;  S.  Bonaventura,  Rio  Iganna;  Rio  Vaupe,  nw.  Bra- 
zil; spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880, 
P-  155  (Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  523  (Iquitos,  ne.  Peru;  descr.  of  nearly  adult  o", 
spec,  in  Brunswick  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  301  (Sarayacu;  descr.  d*);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  314  (descr.,  range). 

Phlegopsis  erythroptera  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  224  (range);  HELL- 
MAYR, Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  368  (Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira);  CHUBB, 
Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  72  ("Demerara,"  ex  GOULD). 

^Phlegopsis  erythroptera  agrees  with  the  type  of  the  genus  in  shape  of  bill,  short 
and  slightly  rounded  tail  (about  two-thirds  as  long  as  wing),  blackish  feet,  bright 
red  naked  skin  on  sides  of  head,  and  other  particulars.  The  feathering  of  the  fore- 
head is  not  quite  so  dense  as  in  the  genotype,  that  of  the  loral  region  being  some- 
what intermediante  between  Phlegopsis  and  Phaenostictus. 

P.  erythroptera  differs,  however,  from  both  by  the  naked  space  on  sides  of  head 
being  mainly  restricted  to  a  broad  orbital  ring  surrounding  the  posterior  half  of  the 
eye.  Material  examined :  one  cf ,  unknown  locality  (type) ;  one  d*  Sarayacu ;  one  d1 
Iquitos;  one  &,  one  9  Rio  Iganna;  one  9  Rio  Vaup6;  one  d1  Humaytha;  one  d*  juv. 
Coca,  Rio  Napo:  one  9  "Amazonas";  one  9  La  Morelia,  Caqueta,  600  ft.,  July  n, 
1912.  (Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  116,318.)— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  319 

Phlegopsis  erythropterus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  389  (Humaytha, 

Rio  Madeira;  descr.  o"  ad.,  crit.). 

Phlogopsis  trivittatus  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  74  (crit.). 
Phlogopsis  trivittata  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  300  (descr.    9); 
GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  65  (Coca,  Rio  Napo;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 
HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  1903,  p.  215  (crit.;  =9). 
Range :  Upper  Amazonia,  from  southeastern  Colombia  (La  Morelia, 
Rio  Caquetd)  and  the  upper  Rio  Negro  (Rio  Icanna,  Rio  Vaupe") 
through  eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu;  Coca,  Rio  Napo)  to  northern 
Peru  (Iquitos),  east  to  the  Rio  Madeira  (Humaytha). 

Phlegopsis  borbae  Hellmayr.*  BORBA  BARE-EYE. 

Phlegopsis  borbae  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  19,  Feb.  1907,  p.  53  (Borba, 
Rio  Madeira;  descr.  d"  imra.);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  389  (Borba); 
idem,  1.  c.,  17,  1910,  p.  368  (Borba). 

Phlogopsis  borbae  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  314  (ex  HELLMAYR). 
Range:     Northern  Brazil,  from  the  right  bank  of  the  lower  Rio 
Madeira  (Borba)  to  the  Tapajoz  (Villa  Braga). 

Genus  PHAENOSTICTUS  Ridgway." 

Phaenostictus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  1909,  p.  70  (type  by  orig. 
desig.,  Phlogopsis  mcleannani  LAWRENCE). 

*Phaenostictus  mcleannani  saturatus  (Richmond).0  RICHMOND'S  ANT- 
THRUSH. 
Phlegopsis  saturata  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  18,  Aug.  1896,  p.  625  (Rio 

Escondido,  50  mi.  from  Bluefields,  e.  Nicaragua). 

Phaenostictus  macleannani  saturatus  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910, 
p.  622  (Caribbean  foothills  and  Pacific  slope  of  nw.  Costa  Rica;  habits). 

^Phlegopsis  borbae  HELLMAYR:  The  type,  an  immature  male,  bears  a  certain  like- 
ness to  the  female  of  P.  erythroptera,  but  has  a  much  shorter  tail,  stronger  bill,  and  the 
naked  space  on  sides  of  head  yellowish  gray  instead  of  bright  red.  Besides,  the 
upper  eyelid  is  beset  with  dense,  erect,  elongated  feathers;  and  there  are  many  color 
differences,  the  back  being  rufescent  olive  brown  (instead  of  chestnut);  the  loral 
spot  white;  the  feathering  of  the  eyelid,  as  well  as  a  narrow  superciliary  streak,  black; 
the  throat,  foreneck  and  chest  dull  ferruginous,  bordered  below  by  an  irregular 
blackish  transverse  band;  the  belly  olivaceous  brown,  etc.,  etc.  Wing  89;  tail  59; 
bill  22.  An  adult  female  from  Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z  (Carnegie  Museum,  No. 
75748),  is  brighter  rufous  on  throat  and  foreneck,  and  more  russet  brown  on  the 
abdomen,  while  the  black  superciliary  streak  is  barely  indicated.  Wing  89;  tail  60; 
bill  19  mm.  Adult  male  unknown. 

^Phaenostictus  RIDGW.  is  very  distinct  generically  from  Phlegopsis,  differing, 
among  other  features,  by  much  longer,  strongly  graduated  tail,  scant  loral  and 
frontal  feathering,  stronger  and  more  sharply  ridged  culmen. 

«  Phaenostictus  mcleannani  saturatus  (RICHMOND)  :  Differs  from  P.  m.  mclean- 
nani of  the  Canal  Zone  by  its  brighter  coloration,  the  upper  parts  being  more  tawny 
brown,  with  the  light  margins  on  the  back  and  wing  coverts  pale  cinnamomeous 
rather  than  buff;  the  chest  deeper  cinnamon  rufous;  the  belly  also  more  tawny 
brown,  with  cinnamomeous  instead  of  buff  margins.  Wing  (c?)  9O-95.  (9)  85-91; 
tail  8 1 -88.  Twenty  specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


320  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Phaenostictus  mcleannani  saturatus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  136  (monogr.;  Costa  Rica  and  Nicaragua). 

Phlogopsis  madeannani  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist., 
5,  1868,  p.  109  (Angostura,  Costa  Rica);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1872,  p.  313,  318 
(Chontales,  Nicaragua);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  6,  1883,  p.  415  (Rio 
Sucio,  Costa  Rica);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  300  (part; 
spec,  a-e,  Chontales,  Nicaragua;  Tucurriqui,  Costa  Rica);  SALVIN  and  GOD- 
MAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  236  (part;  Nicaragua,  Costa 
Rica);  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  502  (Rio  Escondido,  Nicar- 
agua; habits);  UNDERWOOD,  Ibis,  1896,  p.  441  (Volcan  de  Miravelles,  Costa 
Rica). 

Range:  Nicaragua  (Chontales;  Rio  Escondido;  San  Emilis,  Lake 
Nicaragua),  eastern  and  northwestern  Costa  Rica. 

2:  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  i);  Costa  Rica  (Tuis  i). 

*Phaenostictus  mcleannani  mcleannani   (Lawrence).     MCLEANNAN'S 
ANTTHRUSH. 

Phlogopsis  McLeannani  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  May  1860,  p.  285, 
294  (Lion  Hill  Station,  Panama  Railroad). 

Phlogopsis  madeannani  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  357  (Lion 
Hill);  idem,  Exotic  Ornith.,  1867,  p.  17,  pi.  9  (part;  Panama);  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  145  (Santiago  de  Veragua);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  300  (part;  spec,  f,  g,  Santiago  de  Veragua,  Panama) ; 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  236  (part;  Lion 
Hill,  Panama;  Santiago  de  Veragua);  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  a, 
1900,  p.  24  (Loma  del  Leon,  Panama). 

Phaenostictus  mcleannani  mcleannani  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
1911,  p.  135  (monogr.;  Lion  Hill,  Panama,  Cascajal,  Cocl6,  Panama;  Santi- 
ago de  Veragua). 

Range:   Central  Panama,  from  the  Canal  Zone  west  to  Veragua.* 
i:  Panama  (Lion  Hill  i). 

Phaenostictus  mcleannani  chocoanus   Bangs  and  B  arbour. b    CHOCO 
ANTTHRUSH. 

Phaenostictus  madeannani  chocoanus  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  65,  No.  6,  Sept.  1922,  p.  208  (Mt.  Sap6,  Darien,  e.  Panama;  type  exam- 
ined by  C.  E.  H.). 

•  A  single  adult  from  Veragua  appears  to  agree  with  six  topotypes  from  Lion 
Hill.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Phaenostictus  mcleannani  chocoanus  BANGS  and  BARBOUR  :  Similar  to  the 
typical  race,  but  much  paler  throughout;  pileum  smoky  grayish,  shading  into  hoary 
or  dingy  whitish  gray  on  latero-f rental  feathers;  chest  much  lighter  cinnamon  rufous; 
olive  brown  areas  decidedly  paler,  especially  on  belly;  margins  to  feathers  of  back 
and  abdomen  much  paler  (buff  instead  of  deep  buff  or  clay  color).  Wing  (four  cf  o") 
90-95,  (three  9  9)  88-90;  tail  (o")  89-91,  (9)  81-87;  bill  20-22. 

Out  of  seven  specimens  from  Darien,  only  one  (o71,  Tapalisa)  resembles 
P.  m.  mcleannani  in  color  of  pileum,  while  another  ( 9 ,  Capeti)  approaches  it  in 


IQ24-  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  321 

Phaenostictus  madeannani  madeannani  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  388  (part;  Puerto  Valdivia,  lower 
Cauca;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Eastern  Panama,  Darien  (Tapalisa,  Capeti  River,  Mt. 
Sapo,  Esnape)  and  adjacent  portion  of  northern  Colombia  (Puerto 
Valdivia,  lower  Cauca).' 

*Phaenostictus  mcleannani  pacificus  Hellmayr,  subsp.  nov.b  PACIFIC 
ANTTHRUSH. 

Phlegopsis  madeannani  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  613 

(Bulun,  Rio  Bogotd,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador). 
Phaenostictus  madeannani  madeannani  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 

36,  1917,  p.  388  (part;  Barbacoas,  sw.  Colombia). 

Range:  Pacific  coast  of  southwestern  Colombia  (Barbacoas, 
Narifio)  and  northwestern  Ecuador  (Rio  Bogota,  Bulun,  Prov.  Esmer- 
aldas), from  sea  level  up  to  350  feet. 

4:  Ecuador  (Rio  Bogota  2,  Bulun,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  2). 


Subfamily  MYRMOTHERINAE. 

Genus  MYRMORNIS  Hermann. 

Myrmornis  HERMANN,  Tab.  Affin.  Anim.,  1783,  p.  188,  210,  235  (proposed  [p.  210] 
for  "Fourmilier,"  Buffon,  torn,  "vi"  [lege  iv],  p.  462;  type  by  tautonomy, 
"Le  Fourmilier,  proprement  dit,"  BUFFON,  4,  p.  473  =  "Le  Fourmillier,  de 
Cayenne"  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.,  700,  fig.  i ;  =  Formicarius  torquatus  BODDAERT). 

coloration  of  under  parts  and  deep  buff  margins  on  back  and  abdomen.  Taken  as 
a  whole,  the  series  constitutes  a  well  marked  race. — C.  E.  H. 

•  A  single  male  from  Puerto  Valdivia,  lower  Cauca,  is  apparently  referable 
to  the  Darien  form.  Though  not  an  extreme  example,  it  can  be  closely  matched  by 
a  male  from  Capeti,  e.  Panama.  The  light  olivaceous  rump  and  clear  cinnamon 
rufous  chest  are  exactly  as  in  the  general  run  of  chocoanus.  Wing  94;  tail  94;  bill 
2i#.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Phaenostictus  mdeannani  pacificus  HELLMAYR,  subsp.  nov. 

Type  in  Field  Museum,  No.  54154  (o")  ad.  Bulun,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  alt.  160  ft., 
n.  w.  Ecuador,  December  6,  1900.  G.  Flemming  Coll. 

Similar  to  P.  m.  mdeannani  of  the  Panama  Canal  Zone,  but  upper  parts,  espe- 
cially lower  back  and  rump,  and  abdomen  rather  darker  and  more  rufescent  brown; 
crown  deeper  sooty  brown;  chest  lighter  cinnamon  rufous.  Wing  (three  o*  o")  90-92, 
(five  9  9)  85-88;  tail  (d")  86-88,  (9)  81-85;  bill  20^-22. 

I  would  hardly  venture  to  separate  this  race,  were  it  not  that  its  range  is  entirely 
cut  off  from  P.  m.  mdeannani  by  the  much  paler  P.  m.  chocoanus  occupying  the 
intervening  Darien  district  of  e.  Panama.  In  the  deep  buff  tinge  of  the  margins  to 
the  wing  coverts,  dorsal  and  abdominal  feathers,  the  dark  crown,  and  the  deep 
russet  shade  of  the  brown  areas,  P.  m.  pacificus  is  almost  an  exact  duplicate  of  the 
typical  race,  while  the  light  cinnamon  rufous  pectoral  area  is  the  only  character  it 
shares  with  chocoanus.  Besides  seven  specimens  from  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecua- 
dor (two  d"  Rio  Bogota;  one  cT,  four  9  9  Bulun),  we  have  examined  two  from  Bar- 
bacoas in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. — C.  E.  H. 


322  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Urotomus  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  i,  No.  3,  Oct.  1824,  p.  302;  idem,  1.  c.,  3, 

No.  10,  1827,  p.  160  (type  by  subs,  desig.,  STRICKLAND,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat. 

Hist.,  13,   1844,  p.  416,    Urotomus  formicivorus  GMELIN  =  Formicarius  tor- 

quatus  BODDAERT). 
Rhopoterpe  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  228  (type  by  subs,  desig., 

Gray,  1855,  Formicarius  torquatus  BODDAERT). 
Rhopotera  DES  MURS  in  Castelnau,  Exp&I.  Am6r.  Sud,  Ois.,  livr.  18,  June  1856, 

p.  53  (emendation  of  Rhopoterpe  CAB.). 

*Myrmornis  torquata  (Boddaert).   CAYENNE  ANTTHRUSH. 

Formicarius  torquatus  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  1783,  p.  43  (based  on  "Le 
Fourmillier,  de  Cayenne"  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.,  700,  fig.  i ;  =  cf  ad.). 

TurdusformicivorusGitELix,  Syst.  Nat.,  i,  (2),  1789,  p.  828  (based  on  the  same) . 

Formicivorus  palikour  TEMMINCK,  Cat.  syst.  Cab.  d'Ornith.,  1807,  p.  93  (new 
name  for  Turdus  formicivorus  GMELIN). 

Myioturdus  palikour  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Petersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3, 
Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  470  ("Province  de  Bahia.  .  .tu6  par  Freyreiss"^ 
descr.  o",  habits);  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  1921, 
p.  22  (no  longer  in  Petrograd  Museum). 

Rhopoterpe  torquata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  275  (Cayenne;  descr.  <?, 
9 ) ;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2, 1868,  p.  90  (Barra  do  Rio  Negro  [  =  Manaos] ;  Borba, 
Rio  Madeira);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  8,  1876,  p.  80  (Santarem);  SALVIN, 
Ibis,  1885,  p.  429  (Bartica  Grove,  Canaacusa);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  298  (Cayenne;  Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Demerara;  Sarayacu, 
e.  Ecuador);  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  8,  1891,  p.  29  (Santarem) ;  JHERING, 
Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  217  (range);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908, 
p.  163  (Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague,  French  Guiana);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
17,  1910,  p.  366  (Maroins,  Rio  Machados);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55, 
!9°7,  P-  287  ("Monte  Alegre"  =  Cussary) ;  idem,  1.  c.,  56,  1908,  p.  513  (Villa 
Braga,  R.  Tapajoz),  533  (Alcobaga,  R.  Tocantins);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 
8,  1914,  p.  313  (Peixe-Boi,  Para;  Alcobaca,  Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins;  Cus- 
sary; Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z). 

Rhopoterpe  torquata  torquata  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  1916, 
p.  291  (Suapure,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  388  (La  Morelia,  se.  Colombia);  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life, 
i,  1917,  p.  132  (Bartica). 

Myrmornis  torquata  torquata  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  51  (British 
Guiana). 

Rhopoterpe  torquata  tragicus  CHERRIE,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  1916, 
p.  184  (Rio  Roosevelt,  n.  Matto  Grosso;  type  in  American  Museum  Nat. 
Hist,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Rhopoterpe  torquata  aequatorialis  CHUBB,  Bull.  Biit.  Orn.  Cl.,  38,  June  1918,  p.  85 
(Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador). 

Range:  French  and  British  Guiana;  eastern  Venezuela  (Caura 
Valley);  southeastern  Colombia  (La  Morelia,  Terr,  del  Caqueta); 
eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu);  northern  Brazil,  from  Para  west  to 


IQ24-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  323 

Manaos  and  the  Rio  Madeira,  south  to  northern  Matto  Grosso  (Rio 
Roosevelt);*  (?)  also  eastern  Brazil  (Prov.  Bahia).b 

i:   British  Guiana  (Mazaruni  River  i). 

Myrmornis  stictoptera  (Salviri).0   RICHARDSON'S  ANTTHRUSH. 

Rhopoterpe  stictoptera  SALVIN,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  I,  No.  6,  Feb.  1893,  p.  32 
(Santo  Domingo,  Nicaragua);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  367,  in 
text  (characters;  Matagalpa,  Rio  Grande,  Nicaragua);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  139  (Santo  Domingo,  Chontales,  Nicaragua); 
BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  No.  6,  1922,  p.  209  (Mt. 
Sapd,  Rio  Esnape,  Jesusito,  Darien). 

Range:  Nicaragua  (Santo  Domingo;  Rio  Grande;  Tuma,  Mata- 
galpa) and  Darien,  eastern  Panama  (Mt.  Sapo,  Rio  Esnape,  Jesusito). 
Not  yet  recorded  from  Costa  Rica. 

Genus  PITTASOMA  Cassin. 

Pittasoma  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860,  p.  189  (type  by  monotypy, 

Pittasoma  michleri  CASSIN). 
Calobamon  HEINE  and  REICHENOW,  Nomencl.  Mus.  Hein.,  1890,  p.  123  (new 

name  for  Pittasoma  on  grounds  of  purism). 

•  Comparison  of  twelve  specimens  from  French  and  British  Guiana  with  the 
type  of  R.  t.  tragicus  and  eleven  examples  from  the  Rio  Machados,  which  from 
geographical  reasons  should  belong  to  this  newly  separated  race,  fails  to  disclose 
any  constant  difference.  The  alleged  wider  extent  of  the  light  wing  bar  is  due  to 
the  fact,  overlooked  by  Geo.  K.  Cherrie,  that  the  outermost  primary  is  missing,  on 
.both  wings,  in  the  type  specimen  of  tragicus.  It  is  just  possible  that  in  Brazilian 
birds  the  white  bar  on  the  inner  web  of  the  outer  remiges  averages  slightly  broader 
and  is  more  frequently  present  on  the  second  primary  (counting  from  without) 
than  in  those  from  the  Guianas,  but  its  extent  and  width  are  subject  to  much  indi- 
vidual variation.  The  same  remark  applies  to  the  other  color  characters  of  the 
female,  individuals  with  brownish  or  slate  gray  chest,  uniform  black  or  white  spotted 
cheeks,  being  represented  both  among  the  Guianan  and  Brazilian  series.  A  pair 
from  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador  (topotypical  of  aequatorialis),  do  not  differ  either,  except 
that  the  under  parts  of  the  male  are  just  a  slight  shade  darker  gray. 

The  wing  measures  in  specimens  from:  Guiana,  89^2-97;  Para  (9)  93/4;  Sara- 
yacu, e.  Ecuador  96  (cf),  98  (9);  Maroins  (Rio  Machados)  91-100;  Rio  Roosevelt 
(Matto  Grosso)  92  (  9 ). 

Material:  Two  0*0",  two  9  9  French  Guiana;  four  d"d\  five  9  9  British 
Guiana;  one  9  Para;  one  d",  one  9  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  four  cfo",  seven  9  9 
Maroins,  Rio  Machados;  one  9  Rio  Roosevelt. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Though  not  found  in  e.  Brazil  in  recent  years,  M6n6tries  expressly  states  that 
his  example  (which,  according  to  Chrostowski,  is  no  longer  in  the  Petrograd  Museum) 
was  obtained  in  the  Province  of  Bahia  by  the  traveller  Freyreiss,  who  travelled 
extensively  in  se.  Brazil,  but  did  not  visit  any  section  of  Amazonia. — C.  E.  H. 

«  Myrmornis  stictoptera  (SALVIN)  :  Differs  from  M .  torquata,  with  which  it  may 
be  conspecific,  by  much  duller  rufescent  pileum  (with  distinct  blackish  edges  to  the 
feathers),  upper  and  under  tail  coverts,  olive  brown  instead  of  rufous  brown  tail, 
and  bright  buff  (not  pure  white)  wing  band  and  under  wing  coverts,  the  latter 
without  black  barring.  Wing  (two  d*  d")  90,  94,  (  9 )  91 ;  tail  36-38;  bill  22-24.  Two 
cf  d",  one  9  from  Nicaragua  in  Tring  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


324  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Pittasoma  michleri  michleri  Cassin.    MICHLER'S  ANTPITTA. 

Pittasoma  Michleri  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860,  p.  189  (River  Truando, 
nw.  Colombia);  idem,  1.  c.,  1864,  p.  287,  pi.  3  (fig.  of  type);  LAWRENCE,  Ann. 
Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  1862,  p.  326  (Lion  Hill,  Panama);  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  146  (Santa  F6  de  Veragua);  idem,  1.  c.,  1870,  p.  196  (Calovevora, 
Veragua);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  309  (Panama;  Santa  Fe, 
Veragua);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  237 
(Rio  Truando,  Panama,  Veragua) ;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino, 
14,  No.  339,  1899,  p.  7  (Laguna  del  Pita,  Darien). 

Pittasoma  michleri  michleri  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  141 
(monogr.,  synon. ;  nw.  Colombia,  Rio  Truando;  Panama;  Veragua);  STONE, 
Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phil.,  70,  1918,  p.  262  (Gatun,  Canal  Zone);  BANGS  and 
BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  1922,  p.  209  (Mt.  Sap6,  Darien). 

Range:  Panama  (Calovevora,  Santa  F6,  Veragua»;  Lion  Hill  Sta- 
tion, Gatun,  Canal  Zone;  Laguna  del  Pita,  Mount  Sap6,  Darien)  and 
northwestern  Colombia  (Rio  Truando). 

i:  Panama. 

Pittasoma  michleri  zeledoni  Ridgway.  ZELEDON'S  ANTPITTA. 

Pittasoma  michleri  zeledoni  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  6,  April  1884,  p.  414 
(Rio  Sucio,  Costa  Rica);  ZELEDON,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Costa  Rica,  i,  1887, 
p.  115  (Jimenez);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  i,  1910,  p.  626  (Jimenez, 
Turrialba,  Carrillo,  Rio  Sicsola,  Caribbean  foothills  of  Costa  Rica;  habits); 
RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  142  (Costa  Rica). 

Pittasoma  zeledoni  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  310  (Costa  Rica); 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  233  (Rio  Sucio, 
Jimenez). 

Range:  Eastern  Costa  Rica. 

*Pittasoma   rufopileatum   rufopileatum    Hartert.b    RUFOUS-CROWNED 
ANTPITTA. 

Pittasoma  rufopileatum  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  8,  1901,  p.  370  (Bulun  [type], 
Salidero,  Rio  Bogota,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador;  spec,  in  Tring  Museum 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c.,  9,  1902,  p.  615,  pi.  8,  fig.  i  (  =  o"  ad.), 
2  ("juv."=  9  ad.);  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1176  in  text  (crit.; 
sexual  differences). 

•  No  specimens  from  Veragua  seen  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Pittasoma  r.  rufopileatum  HARTERT:  The  adult  male  has  the  superciliary  stripe 
uniform  black,  and  the  under  surface  of  the  body  (except  the  flanks)  regularly 
barred  with  black  and  white,  the  black  markings  on  the  throat  being  often  broken 
and  less  pronounced.  The  female  has  the  supraloral  and  superciliary  region  white, 
edged  with  black;  the  apical  spots  to  the  upper  wing  coverts  buff  instead  of  white; 
the  back  more  brownish,  and  the  under  parts,  posterior  to  the  throat,  bright  ochra- 
ceous,  with  narrow,  irregular,  olive  blackish  cross  lines  on  foreneck  and  sides  of 
breast.  Wing  (eight  o"o")  96-99,  (two  9  9)  93;  tail  30-34;  bill  25-26^.  Since 
writing  about  this  bird,  I  have  seen  several  (apparently  adult)  males  with  a  decided 
buff  tinge  on  the  under  parts,  thus  pointing  to  the  next  form. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  325 

Range:  Northwestern  Ecuador,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  (Bulun,  Sali- 
dero,  Rio  Bogota,  Rio  Durango,  Rio  Sapayo,  alt.  160  to  450  feet). 

i:  Ecuador  (Bulun  i). 

Pittasoma  rufopileatum  harterti  Chapman.*   HARTERT'S  ANTPITTA. 

Pittasoma  harterti  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  392 
(Barbacoas,  Narino,  sw.  Colombia). 

Range :  Southwestern  Colombia,  south  of  the  Rio  Patia  (Barbacoas, 
Narino). 

Pittasoma  rufopileatum  rosenbergi    Hellmayr.b    ROSENBERG'S   ANT- 
PITTA. 

Pittasoma  rosenbergi  HELLMAYR,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  2,  No.  14,  April  1911, 
p.  51  (Sipi,  Rio  Sipi,  Choc6,  w.  Colombia;  descr.  cf);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1911,  p.  1175  (Sipi);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917, 
p.  392  (Baudo,  Ndvita,  Noanama,  Choc6;  descr.  9). 

Range:  Western  Colombia,  from  the  Rio  San  Juan  north  to  Baudo 
(3,500  feet). 

Genus  GRALLARICULA  Sclater. 

Grallaricula  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  283  (type  by  subs,  desig., 
Sclater,  1890,  Grallaria  flav irostris  SCLATER). 

*Grallaricula  flavirostris  flavirostris  (Sclater). °  YELLOW-BILLED  GRAL- 
LARICULA. 

Grallaria  flavirostris  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  68  (Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecua- 
dor; type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Grallaricula  flavirostris  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  283  (Rio  Napo; 
"Bogota");  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  326  (part;  spec,  a-i,  Rio 
Napo,  Baeza,  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  Bogotd). 

•  PiUasoma  rufopileatum  harterti  CHAPMAN:  Male  similar  to  P.  r.  rufopileatum, 
but  entire  under  parts  ochraceous  orange,  more  or  less  regularly  barred  with  black, 
except  on  flanks  and  thighs;  female  with  superciliary  stripe  ochraceous  orange  and 
black;  wing  shorter.  Wing  (d")  88^-90^,  (  9 )  92;  tail  29^-32;  bill  26^-28. 

b  Pittasoma  rufopileatum  rosenbergi  HELLMAYR:  Male  with  throat  and  sides  of 
head  only  deep  ochraceous,  rest  of  under  parts  unmarked  dull  brownish  olive,  mid- 
dle of  breast  and  abdomen  buffy  white;  female  with  superciliary  region  striped 
with  white.  Wing  (o*)  97;  tail  34;  bill  24^.  No  female  seen  by  C.  E.  H. 

e  The  races  of  G.  flavirostris  are  far  from  being  satisfactorily  established,  owing 
to  the  scarcity  of  material  in  scientific  collections  and  to  the  wide  amount  of  individ- 
ual variation  within  the  same  locality.  Several  specimens  from  e.  Ecuador  and  two 
"Bogota"  skins  agree  with  the  type  in  having  the  under  parts  mostly  white,  only 
the  throat  and  chest  tinged  with  ochraceous  buff;  the  chest  strongly  marked  with 
blackish  squamulations;  the  flanks  pale  fulvous  brown,  irregularly  edged  with  sooty; 
they  differ,  however,  by  their  pale  brown  (instead  of  yellow)  maxilla. — C.  E.  H. 


326  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Baeza,  Sarayacu)  and  eastern 
slope  of  eastern  Andes  of  Colombia  ("Bogota"  coll.). 

i:  Colombia  ("Bogota"  i). 

Grallaricula  flavirostris  boliviana    Chapman.*    BOLIVIAN   GRALLARI- 
CULA. 

Grallaricula  boliviana  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  Dec.  1919,  p.  257 
(Incachaca,  Prov.  Cochabamba,  Bolivia). 

Range:  Subtropical  zone  of  the  Bolivian  Andes  (San  Antonio, 
Yungas  of  La  Paz;  Incachaca,  Prov.  Cochabamba). 

Grallaricula  flavirostris  zarumae  Chapman*   ZARUMA  GRALLARICULA. 

Grallaricula  flavirostris  zarumae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Nov.,  No.  31,  March 
1922,  p.  7  (near  Zaruma,  Prov.  del  Oro,  sw.  Ecuador). 

Range:  Subtropical  zone  of  Prov.  del  Oro,  southwestern  Ecuador 
(Zaruma;  El  Chiral,  Santa  Rosa-Zaruma  Trail). 

Grallaricula     flavirostris     ochraceiventris     Chapman.6      OCHREOUS- 

BREASTED   GRALLARICULA. 

Grallaricula  flavirostris  ochraceiventris  CHAPMAN,  Amer.   Mus.   Nov.,   No.  31. 
March  1922,  p.  6  (Cocal,  w.  Andes  of  Colombia). 

•  Grallaricula  flavirostris  boliviana  CHAPMAN:  A  single  male  (from  San  Antonio, 
w.  Yungas,  Aug.  21,  1895,  G.  Garlepp,  in  Berlepsch  Collection)  differs  from  five 
flavirostris,  as  characterized  above,  by  slightly  brighter,  brownish  olive  upper  parts, 
less  grayish  crown,  more  blackish  mottling  on  sides  of  head,  and  darker,  brownish 
black  maxilla.  The  under  parts  are  exactly  the  same  in  both  races,  the  throat  being 
white,  tinged  with  ochraceous  buff  and  streaked  with  blackish;  the  foreneck  plain 
white;  the  chest  ochraceous  buff  with  heavy  scaly  markings  of  black;  the  abdomen 
white,  tinged  with  fulvous  on  flanks.  Wing  66;  tail  32;  bill  13.  More  material  is 
urgently  required  to  establish  the  status  of  this  form. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Grallaricula  flavirostris  zarumae  CHAPMAN:  "Similar  to  G.  f.  ochraceiventris, 
but  the  ochraceous  areas  yellower,  less  orange  ochraceous;  that  of  the  forehead, 
loral  and  ocular  region  less  pronounced,  the  auriculars  more  olivaceous;  black  ante- 
orbital  crescent  stronger;  maxilla  yellow  rather  than  dark  brown.  Differing  from 
G.  f.  flavirostris  in  having  the  back  light  brownish  olive  rather  than  Dresden  brown ; 
the  breast  practically  unstreaked;  the  abdomen  ochraceous;  the  maxilla  yellow. 
Wing  (cf )  65,  (  9 )  65;  tail  25;  bill  15."  Unknown  to  the  authors. 

6  Grallaricula  flavirostris  ochraceiventris  CHAPMAN:  Differs  from  G.  f.  flavirostris 
in  the  much  more  intense  colour  of  the  ochraceous  areas  on  sides  of  head,  throat, 
chest  and  sides  of  body,  with  but  slight  traces  of  dusky  olive  edges  to  some  of  the 
lateral  chest  feathers.  By  the  reduction  of  the  dusky  markings  beneath,  this  form 
approaches  G.  f.  costaricensis,  from  which  it  may,  however,  easily  be  distinguished 
by  larger  size,  much  paler,  more  olive  upper  parts,  and  much  lighter  tone  of  all  the 
ochraceous  areas.  Wing  66-72;  tail  26-28;  bill  14.  Besides  two  specimens  from 
w.  Colombia,  labelled — no  doubt  erroneously — "N6vita,"  I  have  examined  a 
"Quito"  skin  and  one  of  the  ordinary  "Bogota"  make  which  seem  to  indicate  that 
this  form  is  rather  widely  distributed  in  Colombia. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  327 

Crallaricida  costaricensis  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  399  (Cocal,  San  Antonio,  w.  Colombia);  L6NNBERG  and 
RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  1922,  p.  68  (Mindo,  w.  Ecuador). 

Range:  Western  Andes  of  Colombia  (Cocal,  San  Antonio),  and 
apparently  adjoining  portions  of  northern  Ecuador. 

Grallaricula  flavirostris  brevis  Nelson.*'  MOUNT  PIRRI  GRALLARICULA. 

Grallaricula  flavirostris  brevis  NELSON,  Smithson.  Misc.  Coll.,  60,  No.  3,  Sept. 
1912,  p.  12  (Mt.  Pirri,  near  head  of  Rio  Limon,  e.  Panama). 

Range:   Subtropical  zone  of  Mt.  Pirri,  eastern  Panama. 

Grallaricula  flavirostris  costaricensis  Lawrence.    COSTA  RICA  GRAL- 
LARICULA. 

Grallaricula  costaricensis  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  8,  1867,  p.  346 
(Barranca,  Costa  Rica);  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  146  (Cordillera  de 
Tol6,  Veragua) ; idem, I.e.,  1870, p.  i96(Calovevora,Veragua;  Chitra,  Chiriqui) ; 
RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.  6,  1883,  p.  415  (Navarro,  Costa  Rica);  idem, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  145  (Costa  Rica  and  w.  Panama). 

Grallaricula  flavirostris  costaricensis  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1913, 
p.  630  (Cariblanco  de  Sarapiqui,  Volcan  de  Turrialba,  Costa  Rica;  habits). 

Grallaricula  flavirostris  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  326  (part;  spec,  j-m,  Cordillera  de  Tole,  Calovevora,  Veragua;  Buena 
Vista,  Costa  Rica);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Cent.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
1892,  p.  245  (part;  Costa  Rica,  w.  Panama). 

Grallaricula  vegeta  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  1902,  p.  42  (Caribbean 
slope  of  Volcan  de  Chiriqui). b 

Range:  Costa  Rica  (probably  only  on  the  Caribbean  slopes)  and 
western  Panama  (Chitra,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui;  Cordillera  de  Tote, 
Calovevora,  Calobre,  Veragua). 

Grallaricula  ferrugineipectus  (Sclater).    RUSTY-BREASTED  GRALLARI- 
CULA. 

Grallaria  ferrugineipectus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  Oct.  1857,  p.  129  (vicinity 
of  Caracas,  n.  Venezuela;  type  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Grallaricula  ferrugineipectus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  284  (monogr.; 
Caracas);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  326  ("San  Esteban,"  Ven- 
ezuela); ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  1900,  p.  159  (La  Nubes, 

•  Grallaricula  flavirostris  brevis  NELSON:  This  race,  which  we  have  not  seen,  is 
stated  to  differ  from  G.  /.  costaricensis  by  more  olivaceous  back  and  more  grayish 
crown.  It  is  known  only  from  four  specimens  taken  on  the  Pacific  slope  of  Mount 
Pirri  in  Panama. 

b  Two  birds  from  Veragua  (Calobre  and  Calovevora)  appear  to  me  to  be  indis- 
tinguishable from  four  Costa  Rican  skins  (one  o",  two  9  9  Cariblanco  de  Sarapiqui; 
one  9 ,  Cachi,  April  29,  1900,  F.  C.  Underwood)  in  the  Tring  Museum. — C.  E.  H. 


328  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Santa  Marta  Mts.);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Phil.  Paris, 
(9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  58  (Caracas;  type);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  20,  1913, 
p.  248  (crit. ;  Caracas,  "Ejido"  near  Meiida;  Chirua,  Sta.  Marta  Mts.); 
TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922,  p.  301  (Las  Vegas, 
Cincinnati,  Pueblo  Viejo,  Sta.  Marta  Mts.;  habits,  nest  and  egg  descr.). 

Conopophaga  browni  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13,  1899,  p.  100  (Chirua, 
Sta.  Marta  Mts. ;  topotypes  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Conopophaga  sp.  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  1898,  p.  159  (Pueblo  Viejo, 
Sta.  Marta  Mts.). 

Range:  North  coast  mountains  of  Venezuela  (Galipan,  Cerro  del 
Avila,  near  Caracas,  and  probably  other  ranges6)  and  Santa  Marta 
Mountains  in  northern  Colombia. b 

Grallaricula  rara  Hellmayr  and  Madardsz.0    RUFOUS-BREASTED  GRAL- 
LARICULA. 

Grattaricula  rara  HELLMAYR  and  MADARASZ,  Ann.  Mus.  Nat.  Hung.,  12,  Part  i, 
June  1914,  p.  88  ("Llanos  of  Medina,"  Dept.  Cundinamarca,  e.  Colombia*1). 

Range:  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia  (Bogotd  coll. ;  "Medina"). 

*Grallaricula  nana  nana  ( Lafresnaye) .  SLATE-CROWNED  GRALLARI CULA  . 

Grallaria  nana  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  5,  1842,  p.  334  (Colombia  =  Bogotd). 

Conopophaga  nana  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  145  (Bogota). 

Grallaricula  nana  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  284  (monogr.;  Bogota); 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1879,  p.  527  (Santa  Elena,  Antioquia);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  327  (part;  spec,  a-h,  Bogota,  Medellin,  Santa 
Elena,  Colombia);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  400 
(Laguneta,  Salento,  western  slope  of  c.  Andes). 

Grallaricula  nana  nana  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  1917,  p.  118  (crit.; 
Bogota;  El  Escorial,  El  Valle,  Culata,  Andes  of  Merida). 

•  There  is,  in  fact,  a  specimen  labelled  "San  Esteban,  A.  Goering"  in  the  British 
Museum,  and  another  from  "Ejido,  Venezuela,  March  1894,  A.  Mocquerys"  at 
Tring.  Both  localities  require  confirmation. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Fourteen  specimens  from  Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila,  near  Caracas,  secured  by 
S.  M.  Klages;  the  type  from  "Caracas";  one  from  "Ejido  near  Meiida";  and  two 
from  Chirua,  Santa  Marta  Mountains,  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

0  Grallaricula  rara  HELLMAYR  and  MADARASZ:  Similar  to  G.  ferrugineipectus, 
but  top  and  sides  of  the  head  deep  rufous  brown;  upper  back  somewhat  duller  rufous 
brown  than  crown  (in  G.  ferrugineipectus  the  crown  and  back  are  light  olivaceous 
brown,  with  a  slight  buffy  ochraceous  tinge  on  the  forehead;  the  sides  of  the  head 
pale  ochraceous);  throat,  breast  and  sides  much  deeper,  ferruginous  rather  than 
ochraceous,  with  the  white  jugular  spot  barely  apparent.  Wing  69;  tail  32;  bill 
i3>£.  Probably  subspecifically  related  to  G.  ferrugineipectus. — C.  E.  H. 

d  The  type,  although  labelled  by  the  collector  Bardy,  "Colombia,  Dept.  Cun- 
dinamarca, Medina  (Llanos),  Dec.  1912",  looks  like  a  "Bogota"  skin,  and  the  note 
"Llanos"  leads  me  to  question  the  correctness  of  the  locality,  since  all  other  members 
of  the  genus  are  birds  of  the  dense,  humid  forests.  Besides  the  type,  I  have  exam- 
ined a  second  example  of  the  well-known  "Bogota"  make  in  the  collection  of  the 
Paris  Museum. — C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  329 

Range:  Central  and  eastern  Andes  of  Colombia,  and  Andes  of 
western  Venezuela  (Paramo  de  Tama;  Culata,  El  Valle,  El  Escorial, 
Andes  of  Me"rida).* 

3:  Colombia  (Paramo  de  Tama  2);  Venezuela  (Sierra  of  Me*rida  i). 

Grallaricula  nana  olivascens  Hellmayr*  CARACAS  GRALLARJCULA. 

Grallaricida  nana  olivascens  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  No.  i,  Feb. 
1917,  p.  117  (Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila,  near  Caracas,  n.  Venezuela). 

Range:  Northern  Venezuela  (Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila,  near  Caracas). 

Grallaricula  nana  cumanensis  Hartert.0  BERMUDEZ  GRALLARICULA. 

Grallaricula  cumanensis  HARTERT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  CL,  n,  Dec.  1900,  p.  37  (Los 
Palmales,  Bermudez,  ne.  Venezuela;  type  in  Tring  Museum  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.). 

Grallaricula  nana  cumanensis  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  1917,  p.  118, 
119  (crit.). 

Range:  Northeastern  Venezuela,  in  State  of  Bermudez  (Los  Pal- 
males,  San  Antonio,  mountains  inland  of  Cumana). 

Grallaricula  nana  kukenamensis  Chubb.d    KUKENAAM  GRALLARICULA. 

Grallaricula  nana  kukenamensis  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  38,  June  1918,  p.  86 
(Kukenaam  Mts.,  British  Guiana);  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  86 
(same  locality). 

Grallaricula  nana  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  430  (Kukenaam) ; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  327  (part;  spec,  i,  Kukenaam). 

Range:  British  Guiana  (Kukenaam  Mountains). 

•  Birds  from  the  Andes  of  Merida  agree  with  one  from  "Bogota,"  while  two  other 
"Bogota"  skins  are  conspicuously  darker,  both  above  and  below.  A  good  series  of 
fresh  specimens  from  the  type  locality  should  be  compared.— -C.  E.  H. 

b  Grallaricula  nana  olivascens  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  G.  n.  nana,  but  averaging 
smaller,  with  slenderer  bill;  upper  parts  much  paler,  greenish  olive  instead  of  oliva- 
ceous or  russet  brown;  crown  rather  paler  slate  gray.  Wing  (six  o"o")  68-71,  (five 
9  9)  67-70;  tail  33-38;  bill  13^-15-— C.  E.  H. 

«  Grallaricula  nana  cumanensis  HARTERT:  Differs  from  both  of  its  allies  by  much 
darker,  more  cinnamon  rufous  coloration  on  sides  of  head,  throat,  chest  and  flanks; 
much  more  extensive  pure  white  abdominal  area;  more  conspicuous  white  jugular 
patch;  by  lacking  the  dusky  mottling  on  cheeks  and  throat;  besides,  the  tail  is 
shorter,  the  bill  broader.  Wing  (one  o")  68,  (two  9  9)  64,  67;  tail  31,  28,  28; bill 
15.— C.  E.  H. 

d  Grallaricula  nana  kukenamensis  CHUBB:  Differs  from  G.  n.  nana  of  Bogota, 
according  to  its  describer,  by  being  paler  and  inclining  to  ash  gray  on  head  and 
nape;  back  and  wings  paler,  and  "ochraceous  brown"  instead  of  "chocolate  brown"; 
feathers  round  the  eye  ferruginous  instead  of  black;  throat  and  abdomen  paler 
ferruginous;  thighs  pale  ferruginous  instead  of  dusky;  and  by  smaller  size.  Wing 
(one  9 )  62;  tail  28;  bill  13.  Unknown  to  the  authors.  It  remains  to  be  seen  how 
this  (probably  valid)  race  differs  from  G.  n.  cumanensis,  to  which  no  reference  is 
made  in  the  original  description. 


330  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Grallaricula  loricate  (Sclater).    LEVRAUD'S  GRALLARICULA. 

Grallaria  loricata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  Oct.  1857,  p.  129  (Venezuela, 
vicinity  of  Caracas;  type  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Grallaricula  loricata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  284  (monogr. ;  Caracas) ; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1868,  p.  628,  630  (Cumbre  de  Valencia);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  327  ("San  Esteban"=  Cumbre  de  Valencia); 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Phil.  Paris,  (gth  sen),  8,  1906,  p.  58 
(Caracas;  type);  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5, 
1912,  p.  135  (Cumbre  de  Valencia). 

Range:  Coast  mountains  of  northern  Venezuela,  in  State  of  Cara- 
bobo  (Cumbre  de  Valencia)  and  in  Dept.  Federal  Occidental  (Silla 
de  Caracas).* 

Grallaricula  peruviana  Chapman*   PERUVIAN  GRALLARICULA. 

Grallaricula  peruviana  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  96,  Nov.  1923,  p.  u 
(Chaupe,  6,100  ft.,  northwest  of  Huancabamba,  Dept.  Piura,  nw.  Peru). 

Range:  Northwestern  Peru,  eastern  Piura  (Chaupe,  near  Huanca- 
bamba). 

Grallaricula  cucullata  (Sclater).0   HOODED  GRALLARICULA. 

Conopophaga  cucullata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  June  1856,  p.  29,  pi.  119 
("Bogotd";  type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c., 
26,  1858,  p.  287  (monogr.;  Bogota). 

Grallaricula  cucullata  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  527  (Santa 
Elena;  crit.,  eggs  descr.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  327 
(Bogota;  Santa  Elena,  Antioquia);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  400  (La  Candela,  near  head  of  Magdalena  Valley). 

Range:  Subtropical  zone  of  Colombia  (Rio  Lima,  western  Andes; 
Santa  Elena,  La  Candela,  central  Andes;  "Bogota"). d 

•  The  type  and  a  female  from  Silla  de  Caracas  (4,500  ft.  elev.)  agree  well  with  a 
series  of  fifteen  from  the  Cumbre  de  Valencia. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Grallaricula  peruviana  CHAPMAN:  "Most  nearly  related  to  G.  loricata,  but 
throat  white  instead  of  ochraceous  tawny;  its  lateral  dark  olive  lines  as  broad  or 
broader  than  the  white  malar  stripes;  ear  coverts  Dresden  brown,  instead  of  ochra- 
ceous tawny,  crown  and  back  duller;  lower  mandible  blackish  instead  of  yellowish. 
Wing  (one  cf)  70;  tail,  31 ;  bill,  i6y£."  (Chapman,  1.  c.)  This  form,  which  I  have  not 
seen,  appears  to  be  exceedingly  close  to  G.  loricata.  With  the  exception  of  the  black- 
ish mandible,  all  of  the  color  characters  are  bridged  over  by  individual  variation  in 
the  Venezuelan  bird.  In  fifteen  examples  from  La  Cumbre  de  Valencia  the  throat 
varies,  regardless  of  sex,  from  white  (but  slightly  tinged  with  yellowish  laterally)  to 
ochraceous;  the  auricular  patch  from  ochraceous  tawny  to  dark  greenish  olive;  while 
the  dark  malar  and  maxillary  stripes  are  either  olive  blackish,  broad  and  well  defined, 
or  pale  olive  gray,  narrow  and  broken,  or  even  wholly  absent.  In  view  of  their  wide 
geographic  separation,  G.  loricata  and  G.  peruviana  are,  however,  not  likely  to  prove 
identical,  and  I  expect  that  further  material  will  show  peruviana  to  be  a  valid  race, 
although  it  cannot  be  properly  characterized  at  present. — C.  E.  H. 

•  The  systematic  position  of  this  peculiar  species  is  far  from  being  definitely 
established. 

d  Having  seen  but  a  few  specimens  of  this  scarce  species,  I  am  not  prepared  to 
say  whether  the  inhabitants  of  the  various  mountain  ranges  are  referable  to  one  or 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  331 

Genus  THAMNOCHARIS  Sclater. 

Thamnocharis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  310  (type  by  orig.  desig., 
Grallaria  dignissima  SCLATER  and  SALVIN). 

Thamnocharis  dignissima  (Sclater  and  Salviri).    STRIPED-SIDED  ANT- 
PITTA. 

Grallaria  dignissima  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  160,  pi.  17 
(Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  type  in  Brit.  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Thamnocharis  dignissima  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  310  (Sara- 
yacu). 

Range:  Eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu). 


Genus  MYRMOTHERA  Vieillof 

Myrmothera  VIEILLOT,  Anal,  d'une  nouv.  Ornith.  616m.,  Apr.  1816,  p.  43  (type 
by  subs,  desig.,  Sclater,  1890,  "Le  B6froi"  of  BUFFON  =  Formicarius  brevi- 
cauda  BODDAERT  =  Myrmornis  campanisona  HERMANN). 

Myrmothera   campanisona   campanisona   (Hermann).     LITTLE   ANT- 
PITTA. 

Myrmornis  campanisona  HERMANN,  Tab.  Aff.  Anim.,  1783,  p.  189,  note  (based 

on  "Le  Grand  B6froi,"  BUFFON,  Hist.  Nat.  Ois.,  4,  p.  470;  Cayenne). 
Formucarius  (sic)  brevicauda  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  Dec.  1783,  p.  44  (based 

on  "Le  Beffroi,  de  Cayenne"  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.,  706,  fig.  i). 
Turdus  tinniens  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  (2),  1789,  p.  827  (based  on  the  same). 
(?)  Myioturdus  tinniens  MENETRIES,  M6m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  (6th  ser.),  3, 

Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  469  (once  "observed"  near  Rio  de  Janeiro1"). 
Grallaria  tinniens  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  51  (  Cayenne; 

"Rio  de  Janeiro,"  ex  MENETRIES);  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  5,  1842,  p.  334 

(Cayenne;  "rare  i  Rio  de  Janeiro" — ex  MENETRIES). 
Grallaria  brevicauda  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  281  (monogr.;  part, 

Cayenne);  idem,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  447  (part,  Cayenne,  lower  Amazonia);  PEL- 

ZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  91  (Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  Barra  do  Rio  Negro 

two  forms.  A  male  from  Rio  Lima,  w.  Andes,  differs  from  two  "Bogota"  skins, 
including  the  type,  by  decidedly  brownish  (instead  of  olive  gray)  back;  much  duller 
rufescent  brown  crown,  passing  into  deep  rufous  brown  only  on  forehead  and  super- 
ciliary region;  duller  rufescent  brown  (instead  of  cinnamon  rufous)  sides  of  head; 
mostly  white  throat;  more  purely  gray  breast  and  flanks;  and  dusky  brown  upper 
mandible.  There  is  no  difference  in  size  between  western  and  eastern  examples. 
Wing  69-70;  tail  30-31;  bill  13^,  14.— C.  E.  H. 

•  The  absence  of  rictal  bristles,  the  very  long  legs  and  the  extremely  short  tail 
separate  the  members  of  this  genus  from  Grallaria,  and  I  consider  Myrmothera  a 
well-defined  group. — C.  E.  H. 

b  This  locality  being  very  far  away  from  the  known  range  of  the  species,  there 
can  be  little  doubt  that  M6n6tries,  whose  record  was  apparently  based  on  mere 
observation  in  the  field  and  not  on  the  actual  taking  of  a  specimen,  mistook  some 
other  species  for  the  present  one. — C.  E.  H. 


332  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

(  =  Manaos),  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  SALVIN, 
Ibis,  1885,  p.  430  (Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  321  (part;  spec,  a-d,  Cayenne,  Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Brit. 
Guiana);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  1904,  p.  177  (Camopi,  French 
Guiana);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  1908,  p.  164  (Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague), 
320  (Camopi) ;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17, 1910,  p.  369  (Calama,  Rio  Madeira) ; 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  316  (Santa  Elena,  Rio  Jamauchim; 
Obidos);  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  1917,  p.  132  (Bartica  Grove);  CHUBB, 
Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  82  (British  Guiana). 

Range:  French  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  from  the  Rio 
Jamauchim  (a  tributary  of  the  Tapaj6z)  and  Obidos,  on  the  north 
bank  of  the  lower  Amazon,  west  to  the  Rio  Madeira  (Borba,  Calama) 
and  the  Rio  Negro  (Manaos,  Marabitanas). • 

*Myrmothera  campanisona  minor  (Taczanowskt).b   WESTERN  LITTLE 
ANTPITTA. 

Grattaria  minor  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  33  (Yurimaguas,  n.  Peru). 

Grallaria  brevicauda  minor  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884,  p.  86  (Yurimaguas, 
Pebas,  Chamicuros,  n.  Peru);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
1917,  p.  397  (La  Morelia,  La  Florencia,  se.  Colombia). 

Grallaria  brevicauda  (not  of  BODDAERT)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  281 
(part;  Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecuador);  idem,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  447  (part;  e.  Ecuador; 
"Bogota";  Pebas,  Chamicuros,  Rio  Javarri,  e.  Peru);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P. Z. S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  978  (Pebas);  idem,  1.  c.,  1873,  p.  277  (Pebas,  Chami- 
curos); SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 1890^.321  (part;  spec,  e-j,  "Bogota"; 
Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador;  Pebas,  Chamicuros,  Peru);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  6,  1905,  p.  443  (Rio  Jurua);  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  I,  1907,  p.  226  (ditto). 

Grallaria  tiniens  (sic)  (not  of  GMELIN)  TSCHUDI,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  1846,  p.  182 
(eastern  wooded  region  of  Peru). 

•  The  material  available  for  examination  has  not  been  altogether  satisfactory. 
Three  adults  from  French  Guiana  (Rio  Approuague,  Camopi)  and  a  male  from  Annai, 
British  Guiana,  are  decidedly  russet  or  rufescent  brown  above,  and  have  rather 
large  bills.  Five  skins  from  the  Rio  Negro  (Manaos,  Marabitanas),  while  agreeing 
in  coloration,  differ  by  their  decidedly  smaller,  slenderer  bill.  A  single  male  from 
Borba,  Rio  Madeira,  is  practically  identical  with  those  just  mentioned,  while  three 
others  from  Calama,  further  up  that  river,  have  more  olivaceous,  less  russet  upper 
parts,  and  are  hardly  distinguishable  from  M .  c.  minor. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Myrmothera  campanisona  minor  (TACZANOWSKI)  :  Differs  from  M .  c.  campani- 
sona by  having  the  upper  parts  lighter  olivaceous  brown,  without  any  rufescent 
tinge.  Size  by  no  means  smaller  than  in  the  typical  race. 

This  is  rather  an  ill-defined  form  whose  characters  and  range  require  further 
investigation.  A  female  from  the  Rio  Javarri,  an  adult  from  the  Rio  Napo,  a  male 
from  Puerto  Bermudez,  and  a  female  from  Chuchurras,  Dept.  Huanuco,  show 
the  racial  distinction  well  enough,  when  compared  with  Guianan  specimens, 
and  a  single  male  from  the  Rio  Jurud  is  also  an  extreme  olive  backed  represent- 
ative of  minor.  A  second  specimen  from  Chuchurras  is  much  more  brownish  above, 
and  can  hardly  be  distinguished  from  two  of  Natterer's  Marabitanas  birds,  which, 
however,  may  not  be  strictly  referable  to  campanisona.  More  material  is  urgently 
desired.— C.  E.  H. 


1924-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  333 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  southeastern  Colombia  (Caquetd 
region)  through  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu)  to  Peru  (Yuri- 
maguas,  Chamicuros,  Pebas,  Rio  Javarri,  Dept.  Loreto;  Chuchurras, 
Dept.  Hudnuco;  Puerto  Bermudez,  eastern  Junin),  east  to  western 
Brazil  (Rio  Jurud). 

i:   Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez). 

Myrmothera  campanisona  modesta  (Sclater).    SCLATER'S  COLOMBIAN 
ANTPITTA. 

Grattaria  modesta  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  89,  pi.  94  ("Bogotd"; 
type  in  Brit.  Mus.  examined  by  C.  E.  H.),  145  ("Bogotd") ;  idem,  1.  c.,  26, 1858, 
p.  281  (monogr.;  "Bogota");  idem,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  448  ("Bogota");  idem,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  322  ("Bogota");  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  397  (Villavicencio,  base  of  e.  Andes,  Colombia). 

Range:   Tropical  zone  at  base  of  eastern  Andes  of  Colombia  (Villa- 
vicencio). 

Myrmothera  simplex  (Salvin  and  Godman).*   BROWN-BREASTED  ANT- 
PITTA. 

Grallaria  simplex  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  (sth  sen),  2,  1884,  p.  451  (Roraima, 
Brit.  Guiana);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  430  (same  locality);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  322  (Roraima);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921, 
p.  83  (Roraima). 

Range:   British  Guiana  (Mount  Roraima). 

Genus  GRALLARIA  Vieillot.b 

Grallaria  VIEILLOT,  Analyse  nouv.  Ornith.  e!6ment.,  1816,  p.  43  (type  by  orig. 

desig.,  "Roi  des  Fourmilliers,  BUFFON"  =  Formicarius  varius  BODDAERT). 
Myioturdus  BOIE,  Isis,  1826,  p.  972  (type  Formicarius  varius  BODDAERT). ° 
Myiotrichas  BOIE,  Isis,  1831,  p.  542  (type  Formicarius  varius  BODDAERT). ° 
Hypsibemon  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13,  (i),  1847,  p.  217  (type  by  subs,  desig., 

Gray,  1855,  Grallaria  ruficapttla  LAFRESNAYE). 
Chamaebates  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,   1901,  p.  150  (type  by  monotypy, 

ChamaebaUs  rufiventris  BERTONI  =  Grallaria  varia  imperator  LAFRESNAYE). 

•  Myrmothera  simplex  (SALVIN  and  GODMAN):  This  scarce  species  differs  from 
M.  c.  campanisona  by  much  deeper  rufous  brown  upper  parts  and  tail  (the  latter 
being  more  or  less  olivaceous  brown  in  M.  c.  campanisona  and  M.  c.  minor),  and 
by  the  edges  of  the  foreneck  being  much  broader  and  decidedly  olive  brown  instead 
of  cinereous.  It  may  be  only  a  strongly  marked  race  of  M.  campanisona,  which  it 
obviously  replaces  on  Mount  Roraima.  Two  specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  It  appears  to  me  impossible  to  maintain  any  of  the  recently  proposed  sections 
of  this  genus,  except  Myrmothera,  as  the  various  species  show  every  possible  com- 
bination of  the  characters  used  for  the  discrimination  of  Hypsibemon,  Oropezus 
and  Hylopezus.  A  similar  opinion  has  been  expressed  recently  by  W.  E.  Clyde  Todd. 
— C.  E.  H. 

c  Reference  not  verified. — C.  E.  H. 


334  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Oropezus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  1909,  p.  70    (type   Grallaria 

rufula  LAFRESNAYE). 
Hylopezus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  1909,  p.  71    (type  Grallaria 

perspicittata  LAWRENCE). 

*Grallaria  squamigera  Prevost  and  Des  Murs.   UNDULATED  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  squamigera  PREVOST  and  DES  MURS,  Zool.  Voyage  Venus,  Atlas,  livr.  i, 
"1846"  =  1842,  Atlas  pi.  3. 

Grallaria  squammigera  PREVOST  and  DES  MURS,  Zool.  Voyage  Venus,  "1855" 
=  1849,  p.  198  (Santa  F6  de  Bogota;  types  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.). 

Grallaria  squamigera  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  5,  1842,  p.  333  (Santa  F6  de 
Bogota);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  145  (Bogota);  idem,  1.  c.,  26, 
1858,  p.  280  (monogr.;  Bogota),  553  (Matos,  Ecuador);  idem,  1.  c.,  1860,  p.  89 
(Calacali,  above  Puellaro,  Ecuador) ;  idem,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  439  (monogr. ;  Andes 
from  Venezuela  to  Bolivia) ;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  678 
(Ccachupata,  se.  Peru);  idem,  1.  c.,  1875,  p.  235  (Sierra  Nevada  of  Merida); 
idem,  1.  c.,  1879,  p.  625  (Tilotilo,  Bolivia);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  1884, 
p.  81  (Ccachupata,  Peru;  Govinda,  Ecuador);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  3iz(Bogota;  Sierra  Nevada  of  Merida;  Matos,  San  Lucas, 
Calacali,  Quito,  Ecuador;  Tilotilo,  Bolivia);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  33  (Huaca,  n.  Ecuador);  MENEGAUX 
and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  foth  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  56  (types 
from  Bogota;  Lloa,  Pichincha,  Ecuador);  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  g6ogr. 
Armee  Mes.  Arc  M6rid.  Eq.,  9,  1911,  p.  B  36  (Lloa,  Mozo,  Pichincha, 
Ecuador);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  394  (Lagu- 
neta,  Sta.  Isabel,  c.  Colombia). 

Range:  Temperate  zone  of  the  Andes,  from  western  Venezuela 
(Sierra  of  Merida)  and  Colombia  (central  and  eastern  Andes)  through 
Ecuador  and  Peru  to  western  Bolivia  (Tilotilo,  Yungas  of  La  Paz).« 

ii :  Venezuela  (Rio  Mucuj6n  i,  Culata  2,  Nevados  i,  Valle  i); 
Colombia  (Bogotd  3);  Peru  (HuAnuco  Mountains  i,  Panao  Moun- 
tains 2). 

Grallaria  excelsa  Berlepsch.b  ARICAGUA  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  excelsa  BERLEPSCH,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  i,  1893,  p.  n  (Montana 
Aricagua,  Andes  of  Merida,  w.  Venezuela;  type  in  Coll.  Berlepsch  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Western  Venezuela,  Andes  of  Merida  (Montana  Aricagua). 

•  Examination  of  a  considerable  series  from  Colombia,  Ecuador  and  Peru, 
reveals  no  racial  variation.  Birds  from  the  Andes  of  Merida  are  not  different  either. 
— C.  E.  H. 

b  Grallaria  excelsa  BERLEPSCH:  Superficially  resembling  G.  squamigera,  but 
much  larger,  with  much  stronger,  stouter  bill  and  tarsi;  general  coloration  above 
more  brownish  olive;  the  slate  gray  on  head  restricted  to  hind  crown  and  nape; 
inner  web  of  remiges  conspicuously  margined  with  ochraceous  at  base.  Wing  (one 
c?  ad.)  159;  tail  70;  tarsus  68;  bill  35. 

The  type  is  the  only  specimen  we  have  seen  of  this  very  distinct  species.  In  size 
and  general  form  it  is  nearest  to  G.  gigantea,  but  differs  widely  in  coloration. — C.  E.  H. 


1 92 4.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  335 

Grallaria  gigantea  Lawrence.*  GIANT  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  gigantea  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  June  1866,  p.  345 
(Ecuador);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  439  (Ecuador);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  312  (Ecuador);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14, 
No.  362,  1899,  p.  33  (Pun,  east  slope,  Ecuador);  DUBOIS,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  1900, 
p.  171,  pi.  4,  fig.  i  (Ecuador);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom. 
Paris,  (9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  57  (trail  from  Esmeraldas  to  Pachiial,  w.  Ecua- 
dor;  crit.);  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  gfiogr.  Arm6e  Mes.  Arc  Mend.  Equat., 
9,  1911,  p.  B  36,  pi.  3  (same  locality). 

Range:  Andes  of  Ecuador  (Esmeraldas - Pachijal  trail,  western 
slope;  Pun,  eastern  slope). 

Grallaria  guatimalensis  ochraceiventris  Nelson.   NELSON'S  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  ochraceiventris  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  1898,  p.  62  (San 
Sebastian,  Jalisco). 

Grallaria  guatimalensis  ochraceiventris  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
1911,  p.  151  (monogr.,  synon. ;  sw.  Mexico,  in  states  of  Jalisco,  Morelos  and 
Guerrero). 

Grallaria  mexicana  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
P-  313  (part;  w.  Mexico);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves, 
2,  1892,  p.  241  (part;  Omilteme,  Guerrero,  certe;  (?)  Valley  of  Mexico,  Chim- 
alpa,  Ajusco,  Mexico). 

Range:  Southwestern  Mexico,  in  states  of  Jalisco,  Morelos,  Guer- 
rero, and  possibly  Mexico. 

Grallaria  guatimalensis  mexicana  Sclater.    MEXICAN  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  mexicana  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  381  (Jalapa,  State  of  Vera 
Cruz);  idem,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  440  (monogr.;  terra  caliente  of  s.  Mexico) ;  idem, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  313  (part;  Jalapa);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  241  (part;  localities  in  State  of  Vera 
Cruz). 

Grallaria  guatimalensis  mexicana  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  191 1, 
p.  150  (monogr.,  synon.;  se.  Mexico,  in  states  of  Vera  Cruz  and  Tabasco). 

Range:   Southeastern  Mexico,  in  states  of  Vera  Cruz  and  Tabasco. 

•  Grallaria  gigantea  LAWRENCE:  Much  larger  than  G.  squamigera,  and  in  pro- 
portions more  nearly  agreeing  with  G.  excelsa,  but  easily  recognizable  from  either 
by  having  the  forehead,  sides  of  head,  and  entire  under  parts  deep  ferruginous 
(instead  of  light  ochraceous) ;  the  blackish  barring  below  much  narrower  and  extended 
all  over  the  abdomen;  the  under  wing  coverts  nearly  plain  deep  ferruginous;  by 
lacking  the  blackish  maxillary  streak,  etc.,  etc.  Wing  (two  o"o")  153,  161;  tail  67, 
69;  tarsus  60,  64;  bill  36^,  39.  Three  specimens  examined. — C.  E.  H. 


336  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Grallaria  guatimalensis  guatimalensis  Prtvost  and  Des  Murs.  GUATE- 
MALAN ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  guatimalensis  PROVOST  and  DES  MURS,  Zool.  Voyage  V6nus,  Atlas, 
livr.  i,  "1846"  =  1842,  pi.  4  (Guatemala;  type  in  Paris  Museum  examined 
by  C.  E.  H.) ;  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  5,  1842,  p.  334  (Guatemala);  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  280  (part;  Guatemala). 

Grallaria  guatemalensis  PREVOST  and  DES  MURS,  Zool.  Voyage  "Venus,"  "1855" 
=  1849,  p.  199  (Guatemala);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  440  (Guatemala); 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  313  (Guatemala);  SALVIN  and  GOD- 
MAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  240  (Guatemala;  Santa  Ana, 
Honduras;  Matagalpa,  n.  Nicaragua). 

Grallaria  guatimalensis  guatimalensis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
1911,  p.  148  (monogr.,  synon.;  s.  Mexico,  State  of  Chiapas;  Guatemala, 
Honduras,  and  n.  Nicaragua  (Matagalpa). 

Range:  Southern  Mexico,  in  State  of  Chiapas  (Tumbala),  Guate- 
mala, Honduras  (Santa  Ana)  and  northern  Nicaragua  (Matagalpa). 

4:  Guatemala  (Vera  Paz  i,  "Guatemala"  i,  Tecpam  i,  Sierra  Sta. 
Elena  i). 

*Grallaria  guatimalensis  princeps  Sdater  and  Salvin.    COSTA  RICAN 
ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  princeps  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  418  (Calovevora, 
Veragua,  w.  Panama);  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1870,  p.  196  (Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  Calo- 
vevora); SCLATER,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  441  (monogr.;  Veragua,  Chiriqui);  idem, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  314  (Irazu,  Costa  Rica;  Volcan  de  Chiriqui; 
Calovevora,  Santa  Fe,  Veragua);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ., 
Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  241,  pi.  52  (Costa  Rica,  Chiriqui,  Veragua);  BANGS,  Proc. 
New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  1902,  p.  42  (Boquete,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui). 

Grallaria  guatemalensis  princeps  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  627 
(Costa  Rica). 

Grallaria  guatimalensis  princeps  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911, 
p.  149  (Costa  Rica  and  w.  Panama). 

Range:    Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Volcan  de  Chiriqui; 
Calovevora,  Santa  F£,  Veragua). 
2:   Panama  (Boquete,  Chiriqui  2). 

Grallaria  guatimalensis  chocoensis  Chapman,''   Cnoc6  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  guatimalensis  chocoensis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
1917.  P-  394  (Baudo  Mts.,  Choc6,  w.  Colombia). 

Range:  Western  Colombia  (Baudo,  3.000  feet,  Choco  district). 

•  Grallaria  guatimalensis  chocoensis  CHAPMAN:  Described  as  resembling  G.  g. 
princeps  in  general  color,  but  with  crown  more  olive,  back  richer,  wings  more  olive, 
less  rufous,  Tores  mixed  rusty  and  blackish  rather  than  whitish;  size  much  smaller. 
Wing  89;  tail  28;  bill  22. 

This  obviously  well-characterized  race,  based  upon  a  single  male  from  Baudo, 
Choc6,  Pacific  Colombia,  is  autoptically  unknown  to  the  authors. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  337 

Grallaria    guatimalensis   regulus   Sclater.     FULVOUS-BREASTED   ANT- 
PITTA. 

Grallaria  regulus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  66  (Pallatanga,  w.  Ecuador); 
idem,  Ibis,  1877,  P-  44*  (Ecuador);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  232 
(Tambillo,  n.  Peru);  idem,  Orn.  Perou,  a,  1884,  p.  80  (Tambillo);  BERLEPSCH 
and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884,  p.  302  (Pedregal,  w.  Ecuador); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  314  (part;  spec,  a-d,  Pallatanga, 
"Sarayacu,"  Ecuador);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
p.  385  (La  Gloria,  Peru);  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  gfiogr.  Mes.  Arc  Mend. 
Eq-i  9,  1911,  p.  B  37  (Gualea,  w.  Ecuador). 

Grallaria  regulus  subsp.  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  1906,  p.  119 
(Huaynapata,  Marcapata,  se.  Peru). 

Grallaria  fusca  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  TSCHUDI,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  1846,  p.  181 
(eastern  wooded  region  of  Peru). 

Range:  Western  Ecuador  and  Peru  (Tambillo;  La  Gloria;  Huay- 
napata).8 

Grallaria  guatimalensis  sororia  Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann*  SANTA  ANA 

ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  sororia  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  10,  1901,  p.  194  (Idma, 
Santa  Ana,  Prov.  Convencion,  ce.  Peru;  type  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  idem, 
Ornis,  13,  1906,  p.  94  (Idma,  Santa  Ana  Valley). 

Range:   Central  eastern  Peru  (Idma,  Urubamba  Valley). 

*Grallaria  guatimalensis  carmelitae  Todd.°  CARMELITA'S  ANTPITTA. 
Grallaria  varia  carmelitae  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  28,  Apr.  1915,  p.  81 
(Pueblo  Viejo,  Santa  Marta  region,  n.  Colombia). 

•  No  Peruvian  specimens  seen.  Two  of  Buckley's  skins,  said  to  be  from  "Sara- 
yacu", agree  with  a  male  from  Pedregal  and  others  from  w.  Ecuador  and  are  no 
doubt  incorrectly  labelled. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Grallaria  guatimalensis  sororia  BERL.  and  STOLZM.  :  Nearly  allied  to  G.  g.  regu- 
lus from  w.  Ecuador,  but  breast  and  abdomen  much  paler,  though  marked  in  a  simi- 
lar way;  back  lighter,  grayish  rather  than  brownish  olive;  wings  and  tail  more 
olivaceous;  malar  stripe  and  jugular  space  whitish  instead  of  buff.  Wing  (one  c?) 
107^;  tail  40X1  bill  22^. 

I  am  very  doubtful  as  to  the  validity  of  this  alleged  race.  Both  the  describers 
and  myself  had  but  two  Ecuadorian  specimens  for  comparison  with  the  type,  which 
might  possibly  be  a  mere  individual  variant,  since  birds  from  other  parts  of  Peru 
(La  Gloria,  Huaynapata),  according  to  Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann,  are  inseparable 
from  regulus. — C.  E.  H. 

c  Grallaria  guatimalensis  carmelitae  TODD:  Very  similar  to  G.  g.  regulus  of 
w.  Ecuador,  but  breast  darker,  less  ochraceous,  and  upper  parts,  especially  the 
wings,  duller,  with  less  of  a  rufescent  cast.  Wing  (nine  specimens  from  El  Valle, 
Merida)  99-105;  tail  35-40;  bill  21-23^. 

The  differences  between  three  typical  regulus  from  w.  Ecuador  and  nine  from 
the  MeYida  region,  though  slight,  appear  to  be  constant.  I  have  not  been  able  to 
compare  topotypical  material  from  Santa  Marta,  but,  except  for  a  slight  discrepancy 
in  the  coloration  of  the  upper  parts,  the  Meiida  series  corresponds  well  to  W.  E.  C. 
Todd's  characters,  as  given  in  his  elaborate  paper  on  the  Ornis  of  the  Santa  Marta 
region.— C.  E.  H. 


338  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Grallaria  regulus  carmelitae  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 
1922,  p.  299  (Pueblo  Viejo;  crit.). 

Range:  Northern  Colombia  (Pueblo  Viejo,  Sierra  Nevada  of  Santa 
Marta)  and  western  Venezuela  (El  Valle,  Andes  of  Me'rida). 

2:  Venezuela  (El  Valle,  Andes  of  Me'rida). 

Grallaria  guatimalensis  aripoensis  Hellmayr  and  Seilern*    TRINIDAD 
ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  guatimalensis  aripoensis  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.f 
31,  Nov.  1912,  p.  13  (Aripo  Mts.,  Trinidad). 

Range:  Island  of  Trinidad  (Aripo  Mountains,  2,000  to  2,200  feet). 

Grallaria  guatimalensis  roraimae  Chubb.b  RORAIMA  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  regulus  roraimae  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  1921,  p.  80  (Mt.  Ror- 
aima,  Brit.  Guiana;  one  9). 

Grallaria  regulus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  430  (Roraima);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  ig,  1890,  p.  314  (part;  spec,  f,  Roraima). 

Range:  Roraima  Mountains  in  British  Guiana. 

Grallaria  haplonota  haplonota  Sclater.    PLAIN-BACKED  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  haplonota  SCLATER,  Ibis,  (4th  ser.),  i,  1877,  p.  442  (type  from  "Ven- 
ezuela," coll.  Spence,  =vicinity  of  Caracas;  "near  Puerto  Cabello,"  n.  Ven- 
ezuela); idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  315,  pi.  17  (same  localities); 
BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis,  6,  1890,  p.  27,  pi.  2,  fig.  2  (Caracas) ; 
HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  1912,  p.  134  (Paso 
Hondo,  Las  Canales,  Las  Quiguas,  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  State  of  Carabobo, 
n.  Venezuela). 

•  Grallaria  guatimalensis  aripoensis  HELLM.  and  SEIL.  :  Nearest  to  G.  g.  car- 
melitae TODD  (a  series  from  the  Andes  of  M6rida,  w.  Venezuela  compared),  but 
immediately  separable  by  lacking  the  compact  dark  brown  gular  patch,  the  throat 
being  mainly  white  or  buff,  with  the  lateral  edges  of  the  feathers  only  dark  brown 
or  blackish;  by  the  deep  buff  instead  of  whitish  malar  stripe;  larger  white  jugular 
space  with  fewer  and  smaller  dusky  spots  on  its  lower  border;  more  uniform  as 
well  as  deeper  tawny  ochraceous  under  parts,  without  any  dusky  and  buff  markings 
on  the  chest  and  with  but  little  olivaceous  wash  on  the  anterior  sides;  lighter  gray 
pileum,  with  the  olive  tinge  restricted  to  the  forehead.  Wing  (eleven  a"  o")  101-105, 
(six  99)  98-105;  tail  32-37;  bill  22-24  (n°t  32-34,  as  misprinted  in  original  descrip- 
tion).—C.  E.  H. 

b  Grallaria  guatimalensis  roraimae  CHUBB:  "Differs  from  the  type  of  G.  r.  regu- 
lus in  being  more  gray  on  the  top  of  the  head,  nape,  and  hindneck;  paler  and  more 
olive  brown  on  the  back,  with  the  dark  fringes  to  the  feathers  less  pronounced ;  paler 
and  more  cinnamon  rufous  on  the  outer  aspect  of  the  flight  quills;  ear  coverts  darker; 
throat  more  streaked  with  white  or  ferruginous;  foreneck  ferruginous  intermixed 
with  black  instead  of  uniform  ochreous  brown;  breast,  abdomen  and  under  tail 
coverts  paler  and  brighter  ferruginous;  and  larger  size.  Wing  (one  6")  108;  tail  39; 
bill  23."  (Chubb,  1.  c.)  This  race,  unknown  to  the  authors,  should  be  compared 
with  G.  g.  aripoensis,  from  which  it  is  possibly  not  separable. 


Ip24'  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS—  CORY. 

OO  \r 

O^Ti   ^°vh  °0ast  mountains  of  Venezuela,  in  Dept    Federal 

ci^((c^r'^  de\Aviia'  near  caracas>>  and^tt: 

Uu-     obo  (Cumbre  de  Valencia)  and  Lara  (mountains  near  Bucarito 
Tocuyo),  at  altitudes  of  from  3,000  to  5,000  feet.  ' 


Grallaria  parambae  ROTHSCHILD,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn   Cl   n    , 


a  haplonota  paranta*  HARTEET,  Nov.  Zool.,  29,  I922,  p.  396  (crit  } 

.    Esmeraldas    (Paramba, 


Grallaria  varia  varia  (Boddaert).   ROYAL  ANTPITTA. 

Formicarius  varius  BODDAERT,  Tabl  PI  enl    ITS*          ,  /K      ^ 

FournuUiers,  de  Cayenne."  Daubentot  PI  S'  ^  *         °D    ^  ^ 
GHEL,N,  Syst.  Nat.,  ,.  W.  ,789,  p.  828'  (based  on 

I790,  p.  36l  (based  on  ^ 

.  P.  ,48,  p.. 


^arta  mna  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th    Bra; 


369  (Cala^a,  Rio 


at  Ga?pL°^eS^5^rah^^^ 

^epublished  figures,  ^^SSS^SsSS^^^P?^^ 

by  darker,  more  frrownwA  olive  uDDerd^r  ™h  Cumbre  de  Valencia  differs 

the  loral  spot  buff  or  ochracSuJSSeaJSf  wtoe^Tlf  H'  ****'  "*  by  ***** 

^^Jis^^ss'^s^si  simiiar  to  °-  k-  ***•«*>.  but  wii 

hardly  paler  SETS  chSf  ^owonfrto^-™^^'  5*  tlie  thr^ 

fr°m 


-  -  *•«>.  ut  ii 

hardly  paler  SETS  chSf  ^owonfrto^-™^^'  5*  tlie  thr^ 
Tring  Museum.—  C.  E.  H  y  fr°m  a  smSle  female,  the  type  in.the 

Tw:^S  spSm'eS^'^etLT^^^'  S?bs^- 


34°  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Grallaria  varia  cinereiceps  Hellmayr.*  ASH-HEADED  ANTPITTA. 

Grattaria  varia  cinereiceps  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  1903, 
p.  218  (Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  369,  in 
text  (crit.);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  225  (Rio  Negro). 

Grallaria  varia  (not  of  BODDAERT)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  91  (Mara- 
bitanas). 

Range:   Northwestern  Brazil  (Marabitanas,  upper  Rio  Negro). 

Grallaria  varia  intercedens  Berlepsch  and  Leverkuhn.b   INTERMEDIATE 
ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  imperator  LAFR.  subsp.  nov.  intercedens  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN, 
Ornis,  6,  1890,  p.  27  (Bahia;  type,  now  in  Berlin  Museum,  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.) 

Grallaria  varia  (not  of  BODDAERT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  315 
(part;  spec,  i,  Pernambuco). 

Grallaria  imperator  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  1.  c.,  p.  316  (part;  spec,  a, 
Bahia). 

Grallaria  varia  intercedens  JHERING,  Cat.  P.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  226  (Bahia,  Per- 
nambuco). 

Myioturdus  rex  (not  of  GMELIN)  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1027 
(Rio  Grande  de  Belmonte,  Prov.  Bahia). 

Range :  Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  and  Pernambuco. 

*Grallaria  varia  imperator  Lafresnaye.    IMPERIAL  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  imperator  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  5,  1842,  p.  555  ("Saint  Paul"  = 
Prov.  Sao  Paulo,  se.  Brazil);  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856, 
p.  50  (S.  Paulo,  Sta.  Catharina);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  280 
(se.  Brazil;  monogr.);  idem,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  443  (monogr. ;  se.  Brazil);  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  91  (Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo);  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith., 
21,  1873,  p.  255  (Blumenau,  Sta.  Catharina);  BERLEPSCH  and  JHERING, 
Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  1885,  p.  151  (Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  316  (part;  se.  Brazil);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  246  (S.  Paulo);  idem,  1.  c.,  4,  1900,  p.  158  (Cantagallo) ; 
idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  para  o  anno  1900,  1899,  p.  131 
(Mundo  Novo,  R.  Grande  do  Sul);  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  1914,  p.  328 
(Paraguay,  Misiones). 

with  the  buff  shaft  streaks  more  clearly  denned;  much  brighter,  clear  cinnamon  rufous 
upper  tail  coverts  and  rectrices;  paler  orange  under  wing  coverts,  etc.  A  series  of 
adult  birds  is  required  to  confirm  the  constancy  of  these  characters  or  otherwise. — 
C.  E.  H. 

•  Grallaria  varia  cinereiceps  HELLMAYR:  The  unique  type  (  9  ad.)  differs  from 
G.  v.  varia  by  generally  much  brighter  ochraceous  under  parts;  clear  rufous  brown 
(instead  of  chocolate  brown)  throat  and  foreneck;  more  rufescent  sides  of  head; 
russet  brown  (instead  of  olivaceous)  back  and  wings,  etc.  Wing  no;  tail  46; 
bill  26.— C.  E.  H. 

b  Grallaria  varia  intercedens  BERL.  and  LEVERK.  :  Similar  to  G.  v.  imperator, 
but  paler  throughout,  abdomen  more  distinctly  banded  with  blackish;  size  consid- 
erably smaller;  bill  shorter  and  paler.  Wing  (two  adults)  120-122;  tail  50-52;  tar- 
sus 25-26;  bill  24,  25}^.— C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  341 

Grallaria  varia  imperator  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  226  (Bauru,  Alto 

da  Serra,  Itapura,  S.  Paulo;  Ourinho,  Parana);  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  I, 

1919,  p.  264  (Santa  Ana,  Misiones). 
Chamaebates  rufiventris  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  1901,  p.  150  (Diaguarasapd, 

Alto  Parana,  e.  Paraguay). 

Grallaria  varia  rufiventris  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  1914,  p.  51  (Paraguay). 
Myiothera  grallaria  (not  of  LATHAM)  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus., 

1823,  p.  43  (S.  Paulo). 
Myioturdus  rex  (not  of  GMELIN)  MENETRIES,  Me"m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P&ersb.,  (6th 

ser.),  3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  462  (Serra  d'Estrella,  Prov.  Rio  de 

Janeiro). 

Myiotrichas  imperatrix  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  1874,  P-  85  (Cantagallo). 
Range:    Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  to  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul,  and  adjacent  portions  of  Paraguay  (Alto  Parana)  and  Argentina 
(Prov.  Misiones). * 

i:   Brazil  (Rio  de  Janeiro  i). 

Grallaria  alleni  Chapman*   ALLEN'S  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  alleni  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  31,  June  1912,  p.  148 
(Salento,  7,000  ft.,  c.  Andes,  Colombia);  idem,  1.  c.,  36,  1917,  p.  395,  pi-  39 
(same  locality). 

Range:  Central  Andes  of  Colombia  (Salento). 

Grallaria  ruficeps  Sclater.   CHESTNUT-HEADED  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  ruficeps  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "1873,"  P-  729  (Antioquia  =  Medellin, 
Colombia);  idem,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  444,  pi.  8  (Antioquia,  Colombia);  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  526,  pi.  43,  fig.  5  (egg)  (Medellin,  Santa 
Elena);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  31?  (Medellin,  Santa 
Elena);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  P-  395  (Laguneta, 
Almaguer,  c.  Andes;  El  Pinon,  above  Fusugasugd,  e.  Andes). 

Range:  Temperate  zone  of  central  and  eastern  Andes  of  Colombia. 

Grallaria  nuchalis  nuchalis  Sclater,'   CHESTNUT-NAPED  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  nuchalis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  1859,  P-  441  ("Rio  Napo,"  e.  Ecua- 
dor); idem,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  444  (part;  Rio  Napo);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  317  (part;  spec,  a,  Rio  Napo). 

Range:   Eastern  slope  of  the  Andes  of  Ecuador  ("Rio  Napo"). 

•  Although  I  have  not  seen  Paraguayan  specimens,  they  are  not  likely  to  be 
different  since  birds  from  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  and  Santa  Catharina  agree  perfectly 
with  those  from  Sao  Paulo  and  Rio. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Grallaria  alleni  CHAPMAN:  "Allied  to  G.  varia  (Boon.),  but  distinguished  chiefly 
by  its  darker  upper  parts,  whitish  unmarked  belly,  black  markings  in  the  malar 
streak,  and  other  characters.  Wing  (  9  ad.)  1 13 ;  tail  38 ;  tars.  43 ;  bill  25."  (Chap- 
man, 1.  c.)  We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  species;  known  only  from  the  type 
specimen. 

e  We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  race. 


342  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Grallaria    nuchalis    obsolete     Chubb.*     WESTERN    CHESTNUT-NAPED 
ANTPITTA. 

Grattaria  nuchalis  obsolete,  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  36,  Feb.  1916,  p.  47 
(west  side  of  Pichincha,  Ecuador). 

Grallaria  nuchalis  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  444  (part;  "Quito"); 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  317  (part;  spec,  b,  c,  Quito);  GOOD- 
FELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  66  (west  side  of  Pichincha);  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv. 
geogr.  Armee  Mes.  Arc  Merid.  Equat.,  9,  1911,  p.  B  37  (Pachijal,  Esmeral- 
das  trail,  w.  Ecuador). 

Range:  Western  slope  of  the  Andes  of  Ecuador. 

Grallaria  rufo-cinerea  Sclater  and  Salvin*  FERRUGINOUS  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  rufo-cinerea  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  526  (Santa 
Elena,  Antioquia,  Colombia);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  317, 
pi.  19  (same  locality);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917, 
p.  395  (Laguneta,  and  above  Salento,  near  Quindiu  Pass,  c.  Andes,  Colombia). 

Range:  Central  Andes  of  Colombia,  in  states  of  Cauca  (Laguneta, 
above  Salento)  and  Antioquia  (Santa  Elena). 

*Grallaria  quitensis  quitensis  Lesson.    MOUNTAIN  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  quitensis  LESSON,"  Echo  du  Monde  Savant,  n,  No.  49,  Dec.  26,  1844, 
col.  "848"  =1140  ("aux  alentouis  de  Quito",  Ecuador). 

Grallaria  monticola  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  10,  1847,  p.  68  (above  Pasto, 
Colombia,*  coll.  A.  Delattre);  DES  MURS,  Iconog.  Ornith.,  livr.  9,  1847, 
pi.  51  (Pasto,  "Peru"  =  Colombia;  figure  of  type);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
26,  1858,  p.  281  (monogr. ;  part,  Pasto,  vicinity  of  Quito) ;  idem,  1.  c.,  1860,  p.  78 
(Panza;  Guagua,  Pichincha);  idem,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  444  (Pasto;  Pichincha,  Sical, 
Ecuador) ;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884,  p.  302  (Cechce, 
Ecuador);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  317  (part;  Pasto, 
Pichincha,  Quito,  Sical,  Ecuador) ;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  493  (Mt. 
Cayambe,  Rio  Guchala,  near  Cayambe,  n.  Ecuador) ;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA, 

*  Grallaria  nuchalis  obsoleta  CHUBB:   "Differs  from  G.  n.  nuchalis  in  being  olive 
brown  (instead  of  rust  brown)  above,  with  the  nuchal  collar  more  indistinct;  the 
crown  darker,  the  primary  quills  inclining  to  olive  instead  of  rufous,  and  the  entire 
under  surface  dark  slate  color  instead  of  dusky  brown  with  a  tinge  of  ashy  on  the 
abdomen.   Wing,  118;  tail,  61;  bill,  27."    (Chubb,  1.  c.). 

Several  specimens  from  the  west  slope  of  Pichincha  seen  by  us  agree  well  with 
the  diagnosis,  but  we  have  not  been  able  to  compare  them  with  typical  nuchalis 
from  e.  Ecuador. — C.  E.  H. 

b  This  species  is  unknown  to  the  authors. 

•  In  view  of  the  unmistakable  description,  especially  of  the  under  parts  ("le 
dessous  du  corps  variS  de  blanchatre,  de  jaune  d'ochre  et  de  fauve  vif"),  which 
cannot  possibly  apply  to  any  other  species,  it  is  hardly  conceivable  that  the  iden- 
tity of  G.  quitensis  LESSON  with  G.  monticola  should  not  have  been  recognized  before. 
— C.  E.  H. 

d  Lafresnaye  was  fairly  confused  about  the  location  of  Pasto,  which  be  believed 
to  be  "in  Peru,"  while  in  the  Latin  diagnosis  "in  Bolivianis  Andibus"  is  given  as 
habitat  of  the  species. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS—  CORY 

343 

(EI 


•899,  P.  5o  (type;  "EcdoO;  GoorwT,'      "•  AC'  N'  Sci  Phila- 
Qu,to   Ecuador);  Mtafcwn 


'  c'  And« 
Va.ovie,  „,  I9I8,  p.  „,.  482  (Cechc 

:     Te.pe.te  _  of  Ecuador 


de  ]as 
ia  quitensis  alticola 


4:  Colombia  ("Bogota"  4). 


ANTPITTA 

Mi  SCLATER,  Ibis,  (4th  set)    ,    ,«„ 
Colombia);  SCLATE,  Id  S  '' 


E]  Range:    Westera  and  centra,  Andes  of  Co,ombia  (Frontino,  Santa 


c  We  have  not  seen  this  soecies. 


344  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Grallaria  erythroleuca  Sclater.   CHESTNUT-BROWN  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  erythroleuca  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "1873,"  p.  783  (Huasampillai 
Andes  of  Cuzco,  se.  Peru);  idem,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  445  (same  locality);  TACZAN- 
OWSKI,  Orn.  PeYou,  2,  1884,  p.  87  (same  locality) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  318  (same  locality);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  .117,  1921, 
p.  80  (Occobamba  Valley,  se.  Peru). 

Range:  Andes  of  southeastern  Peru,  Prov.  Cuzco  (Huasampilla, 
Occobamba  Valley). 

Grallaria  erythrotis  Sclater  and  Salvin.   RUFOUS-FACED  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  erythrotis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  357  (Tilotilo, 
w.  Yungas,  Bolivia);  idem,  1.  c.,  1879,  p.  625  (ditto);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1877, 
p.  445  (Prov.  Yungas,  Bolivia);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  319, 
pi.  1 8  (Tilotilo,  Bolivia). 

Range:  Western  Yungas  of  Bolivia  (Tilotilo,  San  Antonio,  Sandil- 
lani,  etc.). 

Grallaria  milleri  Chapman.*   MILLER'S  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  milleri  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  31,  June  1912,  p.  147 
(Laguneta,  near  Quindio  Pass,  c.  Andes,  Colombia);  idem,  1.  c.,  36,  1917, 
P-  396,  pi.  39  (same  locality). 

Range:  Temperate  zone  of  central  Andes  of  Colombia  (Quindio 
Pass  region). 

Grallaria  hypoleuca  hypoleuca  Sclater.   WHITE-BELLIED  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  hypoleuca  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  June  1855,  p.  88  (Bogota; 
type  in  Paris  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.),  145  (Bogota);  idem,  1.  c.f  26, 
1858,  p.  281  (Bogotd);  idem,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  446  (part;  Bogota);  idem,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  319  (part;  spec,  c,  Bogota);  MENEGAUX  and  HELL- 
MAYR,  Bull.  Soc.  Phil.  Paris,  (9th  ser.),  8,  1906,  p.  58  (note  on  type;  Bogota); 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1916,  p.  396  (San  Agustin,  La 
Candela,  head  of  Magdalena  Valley;  Fusugasuga,  Aguadita,  western  slope 
of  e.  Andes). 

Range:  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia  ("Bogota",  Fusugasuga, 
Aguadita)  .b 

•  Grallaria  milleri  CHAPMAN:  "Apparently  most  nearly  related  to  G.  erythrotis, 
but  ear  region  brownish  ochraceous,  not  ochraceous  orange;  breast  tawny  olive 
instead  of  ochraceous;  back  raw  umber  instead  of  grayish  olive,  etc."  (Chapman, 
1.  c.)  We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  species. 

b  According  to  Chapman,  a  single  bird  from  the  head  of  the  Magdalena  Valley 
is  intermediate  between  hypoleuca  and  castanea. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  345 

Grallaria  hypoleuca  castanea  Chapman.*  ECUADORIAN  WHITE-BELLIED 

ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  hypoleuca  castanea  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  86,  Aug.  1923, 
p.  8  (Baeza,  e.  Ecuador). 

Grallaria  hypoleuca  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  446  (part;  San 
Jos6  "near  Cuenca,"  e.  Ecuador);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  319 
(part;  spec,  a,  S.  Jos6);  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885, 
p.  101  (Machay,  Mapoto,  e.  Ecuador);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  66 
("Pichincha,"  Papallacta,  e.  Ecuador). 

Range:  Eastern  slope  of  Andes  of  Ecuador  (Baeza,  Papallacta, 
San  Jose",  Machay,  Mapoto). b 

Grallaria  albigula  Cliapman.0  WHITE-THROATED  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  albigula  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  86,  Aug.  1923,  p.  8  (Santo 
Domingo,  Dept.  Cuzco,  se.  Peru). 

Range:    Southeastern  Peru,  in  Dept.  Cuzco  (Santo  Domingo). 

Grallaria  przewalskii  Taczanowski*  PRZEWALSKI'S  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  przewalskii  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  33  (Mt.  Ray-Urmana, 
above  Chirimoto,  Huayabamba  Valley,  n.  Peru);  idem,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884, 
p.  84  (same  locality). 

Range:  Mount  Ray-Urmana,  above  Chirimoto,  Huayabamba 
Valley,  east  slope  of  eastern  Cordillera,  in  Dept.  Loreto,  northern  Peru. 

•  Grallaria  hypoleuca  castanea  CHAPMAN:  Differs  from  typical  hypoleuca  in 
smaller  size,  in  having  the  upper  parts  much  deeper  rufous  brown,  and  the  flanks 
more  strongly  washed  with  brown.  Wing  88-90  (against  90-93),  tail  47-50  (against 
52-54);  bill  22^-2^/4.  Four  specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Its  occurrence  on  the  west  slope  requires  confirmation,  although  some  of  Good- 
fellow's  specimens  at  Tring  are  labelled  "Pichincha,"  and  one  in  the  American 
Museum  of  Nat.  Hist,  bears  the  locality  "Mindo." 

0  Grallaria  albigula  CHAPMAN:  "Crown,  nape  and  auricular  region  between  bright 
Sanford's  brown  and  burnt  sienna;  lores,  orbital  ring,  and  anterior  malar  region 
white,  with  a  slight  admixture  of  black;  back  olivaceous  medal  bronze;  upper  tail 
coverts  and  tail  browner,  more  rufescent;  wing  quills  externally  like  tail;  wing  cov- 
erts like  back;  throat  to  lower  margin  of  auriculars  snowy  white,  perceptibly  de- 
marked  from  the  grayer  breast  and  under  parts,  which  centrally  and  abdominally 
are  whiter  and  laterally  grayer;  under  tail  coverts  grayish,  washed  with  brownish; 
tibiae  like  back;  tarsi,  toes  and  bill  blackish.  Wing  (c?)  101;  tail  65;  tars.  55; 
bill  28." 

This  species,  unknown  to  the  authors,  is  stated  to  resemble  G.  r.  ruficapilla  on 
the  upper  and  G.  h.  hypoleuca  on  the  under  parts,  being  in  size  nearer  to  the  former. 

d  GraUaria  przewalskii  TACZANOWSKI:  Above  rufescent  brown,  with  the  top  of 
the  head  blackish  brown;  cheeks  bright  ferruginous;  a  large  postocular  (superciliary) 
stripe  of  a  somewhat  different  rufous  color;  throat  pale  buff;  middle  of  breast  and 
abdomen  extensively  ashy,  passing  to  Isabella  color  on  anal  region;  sides  and  flanks 
rufescent  brown,  paler  than  the  back;  under  tail  coverts  rufescent;  under  wing 
coverts  rufous,  inner  web  of  remiges  somewhat  paler.  Bill  black,  legs  and  feet  pale 
bluish  gray.  Wing  (o")  97,  (  9 )  ico;  tail  65,  60;  tars.  51,  48;  bill  29.  (Translated 
from  the  French  original). 

This  apparently  distinct  species,  known  only  from  two  specimens  in  the  Warsaw 
Museum,  we  have  not  seen. 


346  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 
Grallaria  bangs!  Allen.*  BANGS'S  ANTPITTA. 

Crattaria  bangsi  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  1900,  p.  159  (El  Libano 
[type],  San  Lorenzo,  Santa  Marta  Mts.,  Colombia);  TODD  and  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922,  p.  300,  pi.  4  (El  Libano,  San  Lorenzo,  San 
Miguel,  Heights  of  Chirua,  Santa  Marta  Mts.). 

Range:   Santa  Marta  Mountains  in  northern  Colombia. 

Grallaria  ruficapilla  avilae  Hellmayr  and  Seilern*  CARACAS  CHESTNUT- 
CROWNED  ANTPITTA. 

Crattaria  ruficapilla  avilae  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  la, 
No.  i,  May  1914,  p.  92  (Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila,  near  Caracas,  n.  Venezuela). 
Range :   Mountains  of  northern  Venezuela,  in  the  vicinity  of  Caracas 
(Cerro  del  Avila,  Silla  de  Caracas). 

*Grallaria    ruficapilla    nigro-lineata    Sclater.*     MERIDA    CHESTNUT- 
CROWNED  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  nigro-lineata  (Berlepsch  Ms.)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 

p.  321  (Sierra  Nevada  of  M6rida). 

Grallaria  ruficapilla  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1870,  p.  781  (upper  wooded  region  of  Merida);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  447 
(part;  M6rida). 

Range:  Andes  of  Me'rida,  in  western  Venezuela  (Culata,  Conejos, 
Pedregosa,  Paramo  Tambor). 

8:  Venezuela  (Culata  4,  Pedregosa  i,  Conejos  i,  Nevados  i,  Par- 
amo Tambor  i). 

•  Grallaria  bangsi  ALLEN:  Above  dull  olivaceous,  more  grayish  on  pileum,  more 
brownish  on  rump  and  upper  tail  coverts;  wing  coverts  slightly  more  brownish  than 
the  back;  outer  webs  of  remiges  and  tail  decidedly  olive  brown;  lores  and  narrow 
orbital  ring  buffy  white,  the  loral  feathers  with  blackish  tips;  cheeks  and  auriculars 
dark  olive  gray  or  blackish  olive,  more  or  less  streaked  with  buffy;  throat  bright 
ochraceous;  remainder  of  under  parts  chiefly  white,  breast  and  sides  with  very  dis- 
tinct, olive  gray  lateral  margins  to  the  feathers,  producing  a  strongly  marked  striping; 
feathers  of  foreneck  and  breast,  besides,  edged  with  ochraceous;  middle  of  abdomen 
plain  white;  flanks  deep  olive  gray,  broadly  streaked  with  white;  under  wing  cov- 
erts deep  orange  ochraceous;  basal  half  of  remiges  edged  with  ochraceous  along 
inner  web;  bill  lead  color,  apical  third  pale  yellowish  (in  skin).    Wing  (two  o"o") 
93,95;  tail  57,  58;  tars.  44,  46;  bill  23^. 

This  very  distinct  species  is  not  very  nearly  related  to  any  other,  though  its 
style  of  coloration,  especially  below,  suggests  affinity  to  G.  ruficapilla. — -C.  E.  H. 

b  Grallaria  ruficapilla  avilae  HELLM.  and  SEIL.:  Similar  to  G.  r.  nigro-lineata 
of  the  M6rida  region,  but  crown  and  nape  considerably  lighter  cinnamon  rufous, 
abruptly  defined  posteriorly  (while  in  its  ally  the  darker  rufous  color  of  the  fore- 
head blends  gradually  into  the  dull  rusty  brown  of  the  crown);  back  lighter  and 
decidedly  greenish,  not  brownish  olive;  the  black  streaking  of  the  under  parts  as  in 
nigro-lineata;  the  orange  ochraceous  edges  to  the  chest  feathers  generally  broader 
and  more  conspicuous.  Wing  (eighteen  o"o*)  97-100,  (seven  99)  94-97!  tail 
53-60;  bill  22-25. — C.  E.  H. 

•  Grallaria   ruficapilla  nigro-lineata  SCLATER  :   Similar  to  G.  r.  ruficapilla,  but 
streaking  below  much  broader  and  more  deeply  black,  the  lateral  margins  to  the 
feathers  darker  olive  brown,  and  with  very  little  orange  ochraceous  suffusion  on  the 
chest.   Twenty-six  specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  347 

*Grallaria    ruficapilla    ruficapilla     Lafresnaye.     CHESTNUT-CROWNED 
ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  ruficapilla  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  5,  1842,  p.  333  (Santa  F6  de 
Bogota  "in  Bolivia"  =  Colombia) ;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  145 
(Bogota) ;  idem,  1.  c.,  26,  1858,  p.  282  (Bogota;  "vicinity  of  Quito,"  Ecuador); 
idem,  1860,  p.  63,  66  (Chillanes,  Chimbo  Valley,  Ecuador);  idem,  Ibis,  1877, 
p.  447  (part;  Colombia,  Ecuador);  PELZELN,  Ibis,  1875,  p.  331  ("Spanish 
Guiana"  =  Bogota;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.) ;  SCLATER  and  SAL  VIM,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1879,  p.  527,  pi.  43,  fig.  6  (egg)  (Concordia,  Santa  Elena,  Antioquia; 
habits);  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  1.  c.,  1884,  p.  302  (Cayandeled, 
Cechce,  w.  Ecuador) ;  idem,  1.  c.,  1885,  p.  101  (San  Rafael,  e.  Ecuador) ;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 1890,  p.  320  (monogr. ;  Bogota,  Santa  Elena,  Concordia, 
Colombia;  Sical,  Chillanes,  vicinity  of  Quito,  Ecuador) ;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA, 
Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  33  (Niebli,  w.  Ecuador);  GOOD- 
FELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  66  (Intag,  Mindo,  w.  Ecuador);  MENEGAUX,  Miss. 
Serv.  g6ogr.  Arm6e  Mes.  Arc  Mend.  Equat.,  9,  1911,  p.  B  38  (Alaspungo). 

Grallaria,  ruficapilla  ruficapilla.  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
1917.  P-  396  (San  Antonio,  Cerro  Munchique,  La  Florida,  Cocal,  Ricaurte, 
w.  Andes;  Miraflores,  Salento,  Rio  Toch6,  El  Eden,  c.  Andes;  Fusugasuga, 
El  Roble,  El  Pinon,  e.  Andes);  idem,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  86,  1923,  p.  9 
in  text  (Pichincha,  above  Huigra,  Baeza,  Ecuador;  Colombia). 

Grallaria  ruficapilla  taczanowskii  DOMANIEWSKI  and  STOLZMANN,  Compt.  Rend. 
Soc.  Scient.  Varsovie,  n,  1918,  p.  475,  481  (Cayandeled,  w.  Ecuador). 

Range:  Andes  of  Colombia  (all  three  ranges,  except  Santa  Marta 
Mountains)  and  Ecuador,  "at  least  as  far  south  as  Baeza  on  the  east- 
ern, and  as  far  as  the  valley  of  the  Chanchan  on  the  western  side." 
(Chapman.  1.  c.)» 

3:  Colombia  ("Bogota"  i,  El  Eden  i,  El  Roble,  Quindio  Andes  i). 

Grallaria    ruficapilla    connectens    Chapman*     SOUTH    ECUADORIAN 

CHESTNUT-CROWNED  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  ruficapilla  connectens  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  86,  Aug. 
1923,  p.  9  (Taraguacocha,  9,650  ft.,  Cordillera  de  Chilla,  Prov.  del  Oro, 
sw.  Ecuador). 

Range:  Southwestern  Ecuador,  from  Zaruma  southward,  both  on 
the  western  and  eastern  slopes  of  the  coast  range  (Taraguacocha; 
El  Chiral,  above  Zaruma;  Salvias;  Guachanama,  San  Bartolo,  Ala- 
mor  range;  Celica). 

•  I  quite  agree  with  F.  M.  Chapman  that  the  distinction  of  G.  r.  taczanowskii  cannot 
be  maintained.  Two  years  ago  I  compared  five  Ecuadorian  specimens  with  a  good 
series  from  Colombia,  but  could  not  detect  any  difference  between  them. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Grallaria,  ruficapilla  connectens  CHAPMAN:  "Intermediate  between  G.  r.  rufi- 
capilla and  G.  r.  albiloris;  differing  from  the  former  by  lighter  upper  parts  and  less 
heavily  streaked,  more  fulvous  under  parts,  with  the  external  margins  to  the  wings  more 
olivaceous,  less  rufescent;  from  the  latter  by  slightly  darker  crown,  more  olivaceous 
(less  grayish)  back,  with  more  orange  rufous  on  loral,  malar,  and  auricular  regions, 
and  darker,  broader  streaks  below.  (Chapman,  1.  c.)  Unknown  to  the  authors. 


348  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Grallaria  ruficapilla  albiloris  Taczanowski.*  WHITE-LORED  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  albiloris  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  201  (Cutervo  and 
Callacate,  eastern  slope  of  w.  Cordillera,  n.  Peru);  idem,  1.  c.,  1882,  p.  33 
(Chachapoyas,  western  slope  of  e.  Cordillera);  idem,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  82 
(Cutervo,  Callacate,  Chachapoyas);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  321  (Callacate);  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  1918,  p.  452  (Tabaconas). 

Grallaria  ruficapilla  albiloris  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  86,  Aug.  1923, 
p.  9  in  text  (Levanto,  Huancabamba,  R.  Maraflon;  Palambla,  Dept.  Piura; 
Prov.  Loja,  s.  Ecuador). 

Range:  Northern  Peru,  on  the  western  slope  of  the  coast  range 
(Palambla,  Dept.  Piura)  and  on  both  sides  of  the  Maraflon  Valley 
(Callacate,  Cutervo,  Tabaconas,  Levanto,  San  Pedro;  Chachapoyas, 
Balsas),  and  adjacent  portion  of  Prov.  Loja,  southern  Ecuador. 

4:  Peru  (Hacienda  Limon,  ten  miles  west  of  Balsas  2,  mountains 
east  of  Balsas,  10,000  feet,  2). 

Grallaria  watkinsi  Chapman*    WATKINS'S  CHESTNUT-CROWNED  ANT- 
PITTA. 

Grallaria  watkinsi  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  Dec.  1919,  p.  255 
(Milagros,  Prov.  Piura,  nw.  Peru). 

Range:  Western  slopes  of  the  western  Cordillera  in  northwestern 
Peru  (Milagros,  Prov.  Piura)  and  adjacent  portion  of  southern  Ecua- 
dor (Alamor,  Prov.  Loja). 

*Grallaria  griseonucha  Sclater  and  Salvin.   GRAY-NAPED  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  griseonucha  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "1870",  p.  786 
(Paramo  of  La  Culata,  Andes  of  M6rida);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  446 
(Andes  of  Me>ida);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  319  (ditto). 

Range:  Western  Venezuela,  Andes  of  Me"rida  (Culata). 
i:  Venezuela  (Culata  i). 

•  Grallaria  ruficapilla  albiloris  TACZANOWSKI:  Differs  from  G.  r.  ruficapilla  in 
decidedly  white  loral  and  malar  regions,  mostly  white  auriculars,  and  lighter,  more 
grayish  olive  upper  parts.  Fourteen  specimens  from  the  Maranon  Valley  examined 
by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Grallaria  watkinsi  CHAPMAN:  "Nearest  to  G.  ruficapilla  albiloris  TACZ.,  but 
crown  paler,  more  sharply  denned  from  back,  and  with  buff  shaft  streaks ;  back  more 
olivaceous  and  usually  with  fine  shaft  lines;  auriculars  dusky;  tarsi  and  toes  pale 
brown  (not  blackish  brown) ;  wings  and  tail  averaging  shorter,  tarsus  and  bill  longer. 
Wing  93^-96;  tail  49-53;  tars.  50-55;  bill  24-25." 

According  to  Chapman,  this  species,  autoptically  unknown  to  the  authors,  occu- 
pies about  the  same  geographic  range  as  G.  ruficapilla  connectens  from  which  it  thus 
appears  to  be  specifically  distinct. 


IQ24- 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  349 


Grallaria  rufula  spatiator  Bangs.*  WANDERING  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  spatiator  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  1898,  p.  177  (Macotama, 

Santa  Marta  Mts.,  Colombia). 
Grallaria  spiator  (typog.  err.)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  1900, 

p.  159  (ex  BANGS). 
Grallaria  rufula  spatiator  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  1922, 

p.  298  (San  Lorenzo,  Cerro  de  Caracas,  Sta.  Marta  Mts.;  ctit.,  habits). 

Range:  Temperate  zone  of  the  Santa  Marta  Mountains,  northern 
Colombia. 

*Grallaria  rufula  rufula  Lafresnaye.  RUFOUS  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  rufula  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  6,  1843,  p.  99  ("Colombie"=  Bogota); 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  1855,  p.  145  (Bogotd) ;  idem,  1.  c.,  26, 1858,  p.  283 
(Bogotd;  monogr.);  idem,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  446  (part;  Colombia  =  Bogota) ; 
BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884,  p.  303  (Cechce,  w.  Ecua- 
dor); idem,  1.  c.,  1885,  p.  101  (San  Rafael,  e.  Ecuador);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  75  ("Rio  Napo");  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  1890,  p.  319  (part;  spec,  a-i,  Bogota;  "Baisa,"  Ecuador);  SALVADORI 
and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  p.  33  (Gualea,  Nanegal, 
w.  Coraz6n,  Papallacta,  Ecuador) ;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  66  (Pichincha, 
Papallacta) ;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  g6ogr.  Arm,  Mes.  Arc  Mend.  Equat.,  9, 
1911,  p.  B  38  (Huantupungo,  Nanegal;  Pachijal,  Esmeraldas  trail;  Alas- 
pungo);  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  1922,  p.  68 
(Pichincha,  above  Nono). 

Oropezus  rufula  rufula  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  397 
(Paramillo;  Andes  west  of  Popayan;  Laguneta,  Sta.  Isabel,  c.  Andes;  El 
Pifion,  Chipaque,  e.  Andes,  Colombia). 

Grallaria  rufula  saturata  DOMANIEWSKI  and  STOLZMANN,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc. 
Sci.  Varsovie,  II,  1918,  p.  474,  479  (San  Rafael,  eastern  slope  of  Tunguragua; 
type  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range:  Temperate  zone  of  the  Andes  of  Colombia  (except  Santa 
Marta  Mountains)  and  Ecuador. b 

8:   Colombia  (Bogotd  6;  Paramo  de  Tama,  on  Venezuelan  slope  2). 

•  Grallaria  rufula  spatiator  BANGS:  Stated  by  its  describer  to  differ  from  G.  r.  ru- 
fula in  duller  coloration,  shorter  bill  and  slenderer  tarsus.  According  to  W.  E.  C. 
Todd  the  only  constant  character  of  this  form  is  the  soiled  white  (instead  of  decidedly 
buffy)  middle  of  the  abdomen,  which,  however,  I  also  find  in  some  "Bogota"  skins. 
In  size  (wing  of  d"  81-83,  9  77-795  tail  40-42)  it  appears  to  agree  closely  with 
G.  r.  rufula.  Only  four  examples  have  so  far  been  taken,  and  its  claims  as  a  valid 
race  should  be  confirmed  by  a  larger  series. — C.  E.  H. 

b  I  do  not  see  my  way  of  distinguishing  G.  r.  saturata  from  G.  r.  rufula.  The 
type  from  San  Rafael,  I  admit,  is  somewhat  deeper,  more  chestnut  rufous  above 
than  any  other  specimen  seen  by  me.  There  is,  however,  much  individual  variation 
in  this  respect,  and  more  difference  between  the  darkest  and  lightest  extreme^  from 
"Bogota"  than  between  the  type  of  saturata  and  the  most  deeply  colored '  'Bogota' '  bird. 
Two  specimens  from  the  Paramo  de  Tama  are  again  somewhat  duller,  more  tawny 
chestnut  above  and,  besides,  slightly  smaller.  Birds  from  Bogota  and  San  Rafael 
have  the  base  of  the  mandible  pale  brownish,  while  the  bill  is  almost  entirely  blackish 
brown  in  those  from  w.  Ecuador  and  Paramo  de  Tama,  as  in  G.  r.  obscura. — C.  E.  H. 


3so  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Grallaria  rufula  occobambae  (Chapman).*    URUBAMBA  RUFOUS  ANT- 
PITTA. 

Oropezus  rufula  occobambae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  67,  Apr.  n, 
1923,  p.  8  (Occobamba  Valley,  Urubamba  regicn,  se.  Peru). 

Grallaria  rufula  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  780 
(Ccachupata,  se.  Peru);  idem,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  466  (part;  Ccachupata);  idem, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  319  (part;  spec,  j,  k,  Ccachupata,  Peru); 
TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Peiou,  2,  1884,  p.  88  (part;  Huasampilla=  Ccachupata). 

Oropezus  rufula  obscura  (not  of  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN)  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Mus.,  117,  1921,  p.  80  (above  Matchu  Picchu,  Occobamba  Valley, 
se.  Peru). 

Range:  Temperate  zone  of  southeastern  Peru  (Matchu  Picchu, 
Occobamba,  Ccachupata,  Dept.  Cuzco). 

*Grallaria  rufula  obscura  Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann.b   JUNIN  RUFOUS 

ANTPITTA. 
Grallaria  rufula  obscura  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,     1896, 

p.  385   (Maraynioc,  Dept.  Junin,  c.  Peru;  type  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 

DOMANIEWSKI  and  STOLZMANN,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Scient.  Varsovie,  n, 

1918,  p.  480,  in  text  (crit.). 
Oropezus  rufula  obscura  CHAPMAN,   Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  67,  1923,  p.  8  in 

text  (Maraynioc,  Rumicruz,  Junin). 
(?)  Grallaria  rufula  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  88  (part;  Paucal  = 

Nancho). 

Range:   Temperate  zone  of  central  Peru,  in  depts.  Junin  (Maray- 
nioc,  Rumicruz)  and  Huanuco  (Panao  Mountains). 
i:   Peru  (Panao  Mountains  i). 

*Grallaria  andicola  (Cabanis).   STRIPED-HEADED  ANTPITTA. 

Hypsibemon  andicolus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  21,  1873,  p.  318,  pi.  4,  fig.  3 
(Maraynioc,  Dept.  Junin). 

Grallaria  andicola  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  531  (Maraynioc) 
idem,  Orn.  P6rou,  2,  1884,  p.  85  (Maraynioc,  Acancocha);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1877, 
p.  448  (Maraynioc);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  323  (Acancocha, 
Junin);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  385  (Ingapirca, 
Junin);  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  1895,  p.  15  (Huamachuco,  Cajamarca); 
DOMANIEWSKI  and  STOLZMANN,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Scient.  Varsovie,  n, 
1918,  p.  478,  484  (Maraynioc,  Ingapirca;  crit.). 

•  Grallaria  rufula  occobambae  (CHAPMAN)  :  Very  similar  to  G.  r.  rufula,  but 
general  coloration  less  rufescent,  particularly  below;  bill  shorter  and  stouter.  Bill 
17-18.  Two  specimens  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  Grallaria  rufula  obscura  BERL.  and  STOLZM.  :  Easily  distinguished  from 
G.  r.  rufula  and  G.  r.  occobambae  by  larger  size,  slenderer  bill,  much  duller  and  less 
rufous  (cinnamon  brown  instead  of  bright  tawny)  upper  parts,  as  well  as  paler, 
ochraceous  rather  than  tawny  ochraceous  sides  of  head,  foreneck  and  chest.  Wing 
(5  specimens)  85-90;  tail  41-46;  bill  18^-19^.  Material:  one  d",  two  9  9  Maray- 
nioc; one  9  Rumicruz;  one  9  Panao  Mountains. — C.  E.  H. 


IQ24. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  351 


Range:  Temperate  zone  of  Peru,  in  depts.  Cajamarca,  Libertad, 
Amazonas,  Huanuco  and  Junin. 

7:  Peru  (La  Quinua,  Junin  4;  Huanuco  Mountains  2;  mountains 
east  of  Balsas,  Dept.  Amazonas  i). 

Grallaria  punensis  Chubb*  PUNO  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  punensis  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  38,  March  1918,  p.  47  (Limbare, 
n.  Puno,  se.  Peru). 

Range:   Southeastern  Peru,  in  Dept.  of  Puno  (Limbare). 

Grallaria  fulviventris  dives  Salvin.    DIVES  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  dives  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  publ.  Apr.  i,  1865,  p.  582  (Tucur- 
riqui,  Costa  Rica);  idem,  Ibis,  1872,  p.  313  (Chontales,  Nicaragua);  LAW- 
RENCE, Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  8,  1865,  p.  182  (Greytown,  Nicaragua) ;  idem,  1.  c., 
9,  1868,  p.  1 10  (Tucuniqui) ;  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  450  (monogr. ;  Tucurriqui, 
Costa  Rica;  Chontales,  Nicaragua);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  323  (same  localities);  NUTTING  and  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  6,  1884, 
p.  406  (Los  Sabalos,  Greytown,  Nicaragua);  CHERRIE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus., 
14,  1891,  p.  534  (Costa  Rica;  descr.  of  young);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  243,  pi.  53,  fig.  i  (Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica); 
RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  16,  1893,  p.  504  (Rio  Escondido,  Nicaragua). 

Hylopezus  dives  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  628  (Jimenez,  La 
Vijagua,  Guacimo,  Caribbean  slopes  of  Costa  Rica);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  154  (monogr.;  Caribbean  slope  of  Costa  Rica 
and  Nicaragua). 

Range:   Caribbean  slope  of  Costa  Rica  and  Nicaragua. 

Grallaria  fulviventris  barbacoae  (Chapman). b   PACIFIC  ANTPITTA. 

Hylopezus  dives  barbacoae  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  33,  19141 
p.  617  (Barbacoas,  sw.  Colombia);  idem,  1.  c.,  36,  1917,  p.  398  (Alto  Bonito. 
San  Jose1,  Barbacoas,  w.  Colombia). 

Range:  Tropical  zone  of  eastern  Panama  (Tacarcuna)  and  Pacific 
Colombia  (Rio  Sucio,  Alto  Bonito,  south  to  Barbacoas). 

•  Grallaria  punensis  CHUBB:  "Allied  to  G.  andicola,  but  differs  in  having  the 
back,  wings  and  tail  uniform  olive  brown;  the  crown  of  the  head  darker  with  ferru- 
ginous shaft  lines;  the  hinder  face  and  sides  of  the  neck  ferruginous  with  black 
fringes  to  some  of  the  feathers;  a  patch  of  ferruginous  buff  on  lower  throat;  the 
abdomen  darker  and  more  'easily'  streaked.  Wing  (9)  96;  tail  42;  tars.  49; 
bill  20."  (Chubb,  1.  c.) 

This  species,  which  may  be  only  a  race  of  G.  andicola,  we  have  not  seen. 

b  Grallaria  fulviventris  barbacoae  (CHAPMAN):  "Similar  to  G.  f.  dives,  but  crown 
darker,  its  color  extending  little,  if  any,  on  to  the  back,  which  is  dark  olivaceous 
rather  than  slaty;  back,  as  a  rule,  without  fulvous  shaft  streaks,  exposed  margins 
of  remiges  less  cinnamomeous,  Dresden  brown  rather  than  tawny;  differs  from 
G.  f.  fulviventris  by  smaller  size,  ochraceous  instead  of  whitish  lores,  ochraceous  fore- 
head, etc."  This  form  is  unknown  to  the  authors. 


352  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Grallaria  fulviventris  caquetae  ( Chapman) .»   CAQUETA  ANTPITTA. 
Hylopezus  dives  caquetae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  No.  96,  Nov.   1923, 

p.  10  (La  Morelia,  Rio  Caqueta). 

Hylopezus  dives  fulviventris  (not  of  SCLATER)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  398  (same  locality). 

Range:    Southeastern  Colombia  (La  Morelia,  Rio  Caqueta). 

Grallaria  fulviventris  fulviventris  Sclater.b    FULVOUS-BELLIED   ANT- 
PITTA. 

Grallaria  fulviventris  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  68  (Rio  Napo,  e.  Ecua- 
dor; type  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H.),  282  (do.);  idem,  Ibis, 
1877,  p.  450  (do.);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  323,  pi.  20  (Rio 
Napo,  Sarayacu,  e.  Ecuador);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  1910,  p.  370  in 
text  (crit.;  e.  Ecuador). 

Range:   Eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo,  Rio  Suno). 

Grallaria  berlepschi  Hellmayr.*   BRAZILIAN  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  berlepschi  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  1903,  p.  218 

(Engenho  do  Gama,  Rio  Guapor6,  w.  Matto  Grosso);  idem,  Nov.  Zool., 

17,  1910,  p.  370  in  text  (characters;  Matto  Grosso,  Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Purvis); 

JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  226  (Matto  Grosso);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ. 

Ornith.,  56,  1908,  p.  18  (Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Punis;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.); 

idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  317  (Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Purus;  Cussary, 

lower  Amazon). 
Grallaria  fulviventris  ?  (not  of  SCLATER)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  91 

(Engenho  do  Gama). 

Range:  Western  and  northern  Brazil  (Engenho  do  Gama,  Rio 
Guapore*,  western  Matto  Grosso;  Bom  Lugar,  upper  Purus;  Cussary, 
south  bank  of  lower  Amazon)  .d 

•  Grallaria  fulviventris  caquetae  (CHAPMAN):  "Similar  to  G.  f.  fulviventris,  but 
back  brownish  olive  instead  of  dark  greenish  olive;  crown  lighter,  its  color  not 
extending  on  to  the  back;  lores  slightly  tipped  with  buff."  (Chapman,  1.  c.) 

b  Grallaria  fulviventris  fulviventris  SCLATER  is  quite  distinct  from  G.  macularia 
by  lacking  the  ochreous  yellow  apical  spots  on  the  upper  wing  coverts,  the  ochreous 
edges  on  the  outer  primaries  and  alula,  the  orange  rim  round  the  eye  and  the  black 
maxillary  stripe;  by  having  the  cheeks  and  auriculars  slaty  blackish;  the  tail  russet 
brown  instead  of  brownish  olive;  the  chest  deep  ochraceous  buff  like  the  flanks, 
not  white.  Both  species  agree,  however,  in  the  amount  of  black  spotting  on  the 
breast  and  in  the  dark  slate  gray  crown.  Wing  (type = immature)  80,  (adult,  Sara- 
yacu) 85 ;  tail  34;  bill  20.  Two  specimens  in  British  Museum  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

0  Grallaria  berlepschi  HELLMAYR:  Not  unlike  G.  f.  fulviventris  in  coloration  and 
markings  of  under  parts,  but  immediately  recognizable  by  having  the  top  of  the 
head  pale  brownish  olive  like  the  back  (not  dark  slate  gray) ;  the  lores,  a  narrow  orbital 
ring,  cheeks  and  auriculars  light  ochreous;  the  maxilla  light  horn  color  instead  of 
blackish,  etc.,  etc.  Wing  (d1  from  Matto  Grosso,  type)  83,  (9  Bom  Lugar,  Rio 
Punis)  84;  tail  35,  36;  bill  20,  21. — C.  E.  H. 

d  A  female  from  the  Rio  Punis  differs  from  the  type  in  more  heavily  marked 
chest  and  russet  rather  than  olivaceous  edges  to  the  primaries. 


1924.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  353 

*Grallaria  perspicillata"  intermedia  Ridgway.  TALAMANCA  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  intermedia  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  6,  April  n,  1884,  p.  406,  foot- 
note (Talamanca,  e.  Costa  Rica);  ZELEDON,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Costa  Rica,  i, 
1887,  p.  115  (part;  Jimenez,  Costa  Rica);  CHERRIE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  14, 

1891,  p.  534  (Jimenez;  crit.);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ., 
Aves,    2,    1892,   p.    243    (Angostura,  La  Balsa,  Talamanca,  Jimenez,  San 
Carlos,  e.  Costa  Rica). 

Hylopezus  intermedius  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6, 1910,  p.  628  (Caribbean 
lowlands  of  Costa  Rica,  up  to  800  or  900  ft. ;  habits) ;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  156  (monogr.;  Caribbean  slope  of  Costa  Rica  and 
Nicaragua). 

Crallaria  perspicillata  (not  of  LAWRENCE,  1862)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat. 
Hist.,  9,  1868,  p.  no  (Angostura,  Costa  Rica);  SCLATER.  Ibis,  1877,  p.  449 
(part;  spec,  ex  Costa  Rica,  coll.  Carmiol  =  La  Balsa);  BOUCARD,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1878,  p.  62  (San  Carlos,  Costa  Rica);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
1890,  p.  325  (part;  spec,  h,  "Valza"  =  La  Balsa,  Costa  Rica). 

Range:  Caribbean  slope  of  Costa  Rica  and  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis, 
Lake  Nicaragua). 

2 :  Costa  Rica  (mouth  of  Matina  River  i) ;  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis, 
Lake  Nicaragua  i). 

*Grallaria  perspicillata  lizanoi  Cherrie.   LIZANO'S  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  lizanoi  CHERRIE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  14,  Sept.  4,  1891,  p.  342  (Las 
Trojas,  sw.  Costa  Rica);  idem,  Anal.  Inst.  Fis.-Geog.  Costa  Rica,  6,  1893, 
p.  19  (Pozo  del  Pital,  sw.  Costa  Rica);  idem,  Expl.  Zool.  Merid.  Costa  Rica, 
1893,  p.  44  (Lagarto,  Boruca,  Terraba,  Buenos  Aires,  sw.  Costa  Rica); 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  243  (Trojas,  Pozo 
Azul  de  Pirris,  sw.  Costa  Rica);  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  1907,  p.  298  (Boruca,  Paso 
Real,  Pozo  del  Rio  Grande,  sw.  Costa  Rica). 

Hylopezus  lizanoi  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  1910,  p.  629  (Pacific  slope 
of  sw.  Costa  Rica,  up  to  about  1,500  ft.). 

Hylopezus  perspicillatus  lizanoi  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  19". 
p.  156  (monogr.;  sw.  Costa  Rica  and  w.  Panama). 

Grallaria  perspicillata  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  196 
(Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  Mina  de  Chorcha,  Chiriqui);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  325  (part;  spec,  d,  e,  Mina  de  Chorcha,  southern  slope  of 
Volcan  de  Chiriqui);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  a, 

1892,  p.  242  (part;  Mina  de  Chorcha,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui);  BANGS,  Auk,  18, 
1901,  p.  367  (Divala,  Chiriqui). 

Grattaria  intermedia  (not  of  RIDGWAY)  ZELEDON,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Costa  Rica, 
i,  1887,  p.  115  (part;  Pozo  Azul  de  Pirris,  sw.  Costa  Rica). 

•  Grallaria  perspicillata  is  probably  conspecific  with  G.  macularia  auct.  I  am, 
however,  unwilling  to  change  the  present  arrangement  before  the  nomenclatorial 
status  of  Pitta  macularia  TEMMINCK  has  been  definitely  determined. — C.  E.  H. 


354  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Pacific  slope  of  southwestern  Costa  Rica  (south  of  Pun- 
tarenas)  and  western  Panama  (Mina  de  Chorcha,  Divala,  Volcan  de 
Chiriqui),  up  to  about  1,500  feet.a 

5:  Costa  Rica  (Boruca  i,  Pozo  del  Pital,  Rio  Naranjo  4). 

*Grallaria  perspicillata  perspicillata  Lawrence.   LAWRENCE'S  ANTPITTA. 

Grattaria  perspicillata  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  1862,  p.  303,  326 
(Lion  Hill,  Panama);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  357 
(Lion  Hill);  SALVIN,  1.  c.,  1867,  p.  146  (Santa  F6,  Santiago  de  Veragua, 
Veragua);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  449  (part;  Panama,  Veragua);  idem,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  325  (part;  spec,  a-c,  f,  g,  Panama,  Santa  F6, 
Veragua);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  1892,  p.  242, 
pl-  53,  fig.  2  (part;  Isthmus  of  Panama;  Santa  F£,  Santiago  de  Veragua). 

Hylopezus  perspicillatus  perspicittatus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
1911,  p.  155  (monogr.;  part,  Lion  Hill,  Panama,  Nata,  Cocl6,  Santiago  and 
Santa  F6  de  Veragua). 

Hylopezus  perspicillata  perspicillata  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  399  (part;  Rio  Salaqui,  lower  Atrato);  BANGS  and  BARBOUR, 
Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  No.  6,  1922,  p.  209  (Rio  Esnapg,  Jesusito,  Darien). 

Range :  Central  and  eastern  Panama  (Nata,  Code ;  Santiago,  Santa 
Fe",  Veragua;  Canal  Zone;  Darien)  and  northwestern  Colombia  (Rio 
Salaqui,  lower  Atrato).6 

i :   Panama. 

Grallaria  perspicillata  pallidior  (Todd}.°  NORTH  COLOMBIAN  ANTPITTA. 

Hylopezus  perspicillatus  pallidior  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  July  1919, 

p.  115  (El  Tambor,  Santander,  ne.  Colombia). 
Hylopezus  perspicillata  perspicillata.  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 

Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  1917,  p.  399  (part;   Puerto  Valdivia,   lower  Cauca, 

Colombia). 

Range:  Northern  Colombia,  in  states  of  Santander  (El  Tambor, 
Rio  Lebrija,  lower  Magdalena)  and  Antioquia  (Puerto  Valdivia,  lower 
Cauca). 

a  RIDGWAY  (Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  1911,  p.  155,  156)  records  both  G.  p.  Us- 
anoi  and  G.  p.  perspicillata  from  Divala,  Chiriqui.  The  two  specimens  from  Chiri- 
qui examined  appear  to  me  to  be  decidedly  referable  to  lizanoi,  if  this  form  be  con- 
sidered worthy  of  recognition  at  all.  Bangs  and  Barbour  (1.  c.)  have  already  cast 
doubts  on  its  validity.— C.  E.  H. 

b  While  the  single  male  from  Veragua  examined  by  me  is  an  extreme  example  of 
perspicillata  with  strongly  streaked  back,  a  better  series  is  required  for  the  proper 
allocation  of  the  birds  of  that  region. — C.  E.  H. 

0  Grallaria  perspicillata  pallidior  (Tooo):  "Similar  to  G.  p.  perspicillata,  but 
decidedly  paler  throughout;  the  wing  markings  and  sides  of  head  paler  buffy;  the 
pileum  duller  gray;  the  back  lighter  olive  green."  (Todd,  1.  c.)  The  characters  of 
this  form  were  already  alluded  to  by  F.  M.  Chapman,  when  commenting  on  a 
specimen  from  Puerto  Valdivia. 


IQ24- 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  355 


*Grallaria  perspicillata  periophthalmica  Sahadori  and  Festa*   FESTA'S 
ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  periophthalmica  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  13,  No.  330, 
1898,  p.  2  (Rio  Peripa,  w.  Ecuador;  type  in  Turin  Museum  examined  by 
C.  E.  H.);  idem,  1.  c.,  14,  No.  362,  1899,  P-  34  (Rio  Peripa). 

Crallaria  perspicillata  periophthalmica  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  1902,  p.  614 
(Lita,  Pambilar,  Bulun,  S.  Javier,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador;  spec, 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Hylopczus  perspicillata  periophthalmica  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  1917,  p.  398  (Baudo,  3,500  ft.;  Barbacoas,  w.  Colombia). 

Grallaria  perspicillata  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  1898,  p.  493 
(Cachavi,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  nw.  Ecuador;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Range :  Pacific  slopes  of  western  Colombia  (from  the  Baudo  Moun- 
tains southwards)  and  western  Ecuador  (Prov.  Esmeraldas;  Rio 
Peripa),  from  sea  level  up  to  3,500  feet. 

3:   Ecuador  (Carondelet  i,  Bulun,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  2). 

Grallaria  macularia  macularia  (Temminck).   SPOTTED  ANTPITTA. 

Pitta  macularia  TEMMiNCK,b  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  85,  1823,  Genre  Breve,  esp.  n 

(p.  4  of  text)  ("le  Br6sil"). 
Colobathris  macularia  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  1848, 

p.  685  (Pomeroon  River,  Brit.  Guiana). 

Grallaria  macularia  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  5,  1842,  p.  334  (ex  TEMMINCK); 
BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  50  (ex  TEMMINCK)  ;  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  282  (monogr. ;  Brit.  Guiana) ;  idem,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  449 
(part;  Brit.  Guiana);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  430  (Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa, 
Merum6  Mts.,  Atapurow  R.,  Brit.  Guiana);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868, 
p.  91,  note  5  (part;  Cayenne);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  324 
(part;  spec,  a-g,  Brit.  Guiana,  Oyapoc,  Cayenne);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus. 
Paris,  10,  1904,  p.  177  (Camopi,  French  Guiana);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i, 
1907,  p.  226  (part;  Guyana);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  is,  1908,  p.  164 
(Cayenne,  Oyapoc),  320  (Camopi);  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  I,  19171  P-  132 
(Bartica  Grove). 

•  Grallaria  perspicillata  periophthalmica  SALVAD.  and  FESTA:  Nearly  related  to 
G.  p.  perspicillata,  but  pileum  conspicuously  darker,  olive  blackish  rather  than  slate 
gray;  back  slightly  more  brownish  olive;  lores  and  orbital  ring  much  deeper  ochra- 
ceous.  Wing  79-82;  tail  29-30.  Eight  specimens  from  Prov.  Esmeraldas  and  one 
male  from  Rio  Peripa,  w.  Ecuador,  examined  by  C.  E.  H. 

b  The  short  diagnosis,  while  not  applicable  with  absolute  certainty,  corresponds 
in  general  to  the  characters  of  G.  macularia  auct.  from  the  Guianas.  If  really  refer- 
able to  this  form,  the  original  locality  "Bresil"  was,  in  all  probability,  wrong.  I  have 
accordingly  proposed  to  substitute  "Cayenne"  as  type  locality  (see  Nov.  Zool.,  17, 
1910,  p.  370).  There  is,  however,  the  possibility  of  Pitta  macularia  TEMM.  being  an 
earlier  name  for  the  little  known  Myioturdus  ochroleucus  WIED  from  Bahia.  This 
question  can  only  be  settled  by  re-examination  of  Temminck's  type,  presumably 
in  the  Leyden  Museum. — C.  E.  H. 


356  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Hylopezas  (sic)  macularia  macconelli  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  38,  June  1918, 
p.  86  (Ituribisi  River,  Brit.  Guiana). 

Hylopezus  macularia  macconnetti  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,   1921,  p.  84, 
pi.  i,  fig.  i  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Range:   French  and  British  Guiana.' 


Grallaria  macularia  paraensis  Sneihlage*  AMAZONIAN  ANTPITTA. 

Grallaria  macularia  berlepschi  (not  of  HELLMAYR,  1903)  SNETHLAGE,  Ornith. 
Monatsber.,  15,  Dec.  1907,  p.  195  (Ourem,  Rio  Guama,  State  of  Para;  types 
examined  by  C.  E.  H.). 

Grallaria  macularia  paraensis  SNETHLAGE,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  18,  Dec.  i, 
1910,  p.  192  (new  name  for  G.  m.  berlepschi  SNETHLAGE,  nee  HELLMAYR); 
HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  93 
(Ourem,  Rio  Acara);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  1914,  p.  317  (Ourem, 
Rio  Guama;  Rio  Acara;  Cahy,  Rio  Jamauchim). 

Grallaria  macularia  diluta  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  Dec.  15,  1910,  p.  370 
(below  S.  Thomar,  Rio  Negro  [type];  Calama,  Rio  Madeira;  Ourem,  Rio 
Guama). 

Grallaria  macularia  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  91 
(part;  below  S.  Thomar,  Rio  Negro);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  449  (part; 
Rio  Negro);  (?)  BARTLETT,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  374  (Loretoyacu,  ne.  Peru); 
(?)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890,  p.  324  (part;  spec,  h-j,  Iquitos, 
Loretoyacu,  ne.  Peru);  JHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  1907,  p.  226  (part; 
Rio  Negro,  [?]  Peru) ;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  55,  1907,  p.  288  (Rio  Acara). 

Range :  Northern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Para  (Rio  Guama,  Rio  Acara ; 
Rio  Jamauchim)  and  Amazonas  (Sao  Thomar,  Rio  Negro;  Calama, 
Rio  Madeira);  probably  also  northeastern  Peru  (Iquitos,  Loretoyacu, 
Rio  Maranon).0 

•  On  comparing  seven  specimens  from  British  Guiana  (Rio  Carimang,  Canuku 
Mountains,  Ourumee,  etc.)  with  three  from  Cayenne,  I  cannot  detect  the  slightest 
difference,  and,  if  the  latter  represent  the  macularia  of  Temminck,  H.  m.  macconelli 
becomes  a  pure  synonym.  C.  Chubb  probably  compared  his  type  with  specimens 
from  the  Peruvian  Amazon  which  are  referable  either  to  G.  m.  paraensis  or  to  an 
undescribed  race. — C.  E.  H. 

b  Grallaria  macularia  paraensis  SNETHLAGE:  Similar  to  G.  m.  macularia,  but 
wing  slightly  longer;  sides  and  flanks  very  much  paler,  dull  ochreous  yellow  with 
an  olive  tinge  (instead  of  deep  ochraceous).  Wing  (5  specimens)  87,  88,  88,  89,  90; 
tail  35-37 ;  bill  19-20.  (Ten  specimens  of  G.  m.  macularia  from  the  Guianas  measure: 
wing  81-84,  once  each  86,  87;  tail  30-35;  bill  18-20.)  Material:  One  d"  Sao  Thomar, 
Rio  Negro;  one  9  Calama,  Rio  Madeira;  one  d"  ad.  Rio  Guama  (type);  one  o", 
one  9  Rio  Acara.— C.  E.  H. 

e    No  Peruvian  specimens  seen.    B  rds  from  Sao  Thomar  (Rio  Negro)  and  Cal- 
ama (Rio  Madeira)  are  identical  with  those  from  the  Para  region. — C.  E.  H. 


IQ24-  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY.  357 

Grallaria  ochroleuca  (Wied).   SPOTTED-BELLIED  ANTPITTA. 

Myioturdus  ochrokucus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  1831,  p.  1032  (Arra- 
yal  da  Conquista,  Prov.  Bahia;  type  lost,  see  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  2,  1889,  p.  256);  MENETRIES,  Mem.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  (6th  ser.), 
3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  1835,  p.  464  (ex  WIED). 

Chamaezosa  ochroleuca  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  1856,  p.  48 
(ex  WIED). 

Grallaria  ochroleuca  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  282  (monogr.;  descr.  of 
a  specimen  in  the  Leyden  Museum);  idem,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  451  (ditto;  Bahia 
[ex  WIED],  S.  Paulo  [ex  NATTERER]);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  1890, 
p.  324  (descr.  spec,  in  Leyden  Museum);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  1868,  p.  91 
(Ypanema,  S.  Paulo;  spec,  examined  by  C.  E.  H.);  JHERING,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  3,  1899,  p.  247  (S.  Paulo);  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  I,  1907,  p.  226  (Alto 
da  Serra,  Sao  Paulo);  BERTONI,  Anal.  Cient.  Parag.,  Ser.  i,  No.  3,  1904, 
p.  5  (Puerto  Bertoni,  Misiones);  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  1914,  p.  328 
(Santa  Ana,  Iguazu,  Misiones). 

(?)  Grallaria  martinsi  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  72,  1924,  P-  447  (Serra  de 
Ibiapaba,  Ceara). 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Ceara,  Bahia  (Arrayal  da 
Conquista)  and  Sao  Paulo  (Ypanema,  Alto  da  Serra);  northeastern 
Argentina,  in  State  of  Misiones  (Santa  Ana,  Iguazu). a 

a  The  range  as  given  above  apparently  comprises  two  distinct  forms  which  may 
not  even  be  conspetific.  Wied  describes  the  under  parts  of  M.  ochrokucus  as  fol- 
lows (translated  from  the  German):  "Throat  and  foreneck  white,  sides  of  head 
pale  ochreous,  separated  from  the  white  throat  by  a  black  mystacal  stripe;  remainder 
of  under  surface  white,  strongly  mixed  and  streaked  with  buff,  at  the  same  time 
marked  with  roundish  triangular  blackish  brown  spots  on  breast  and  sides;  anal 
region  buff;  under  tail  coverts  white."  Two  birds  from  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo,  agree  in 
the  markings  below  with  Wied's  description,  though  the  entire  under  parts  including 
the  tail  coverts,  except  for  the  white  throat,  are  deep  ochraceous.  Unfortunately, 
Wied's  type  is  lost,  and  no  other  specimen  from  the  type  locality  (in  southern 
Bahia)  is  available.  Whether  the  bird  in  the  Leyden  Museum,  referred  by  Sclater 
to  G.  ochrokuca  and  described  as  similar  to  G.  macularia,  but  with  sides  of  breast 
and  flanks  only  spotted,  is  really  referable  to  that  species,  appears  to  be  extremely 
doubtful.  Some  years  ago  I  examined  two  adults  of  a  Grallaria  from  the  Serra  de 
Ibiapaba,  Ceard,  obtained  by  O.  Martins  in  June  1910  and  belonging  to  the  Museu 
Goeldi,  which,  except  for  having  also  the  middle  of  the  chest  spotted  with  black, 
I  found  to  agree  well  with  Sclater's  description.  They  are,  however,  very  different 
from  the  birds  taken  by  J.  Natterer  at  Ypanema,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo.  Without  mate- 
rial from  the  type  locality,  it  is  practically  impossible  to  make  out  which  of  the  two 
or  three  forms  is  entitled  to  the  name  ochroleuca. — C.  E.  H. 


THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE 

FEB171938 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


INDEX 


Bold-faced  type  denotes  names  used  in  this  work 


Acontistes 205 

Acropternis 24 

acutirostris,  Pteroptochus 21 

acu tiro  stris,  Scytalopus 21 

aequatorialis,  Dysithamnus 121 

aequatorialis,  Gymnopithys 301 

aequatorialis,  Herpsilochmus  ....   177 

aequatorialis,  Pithys 301 

aequatorialis,  Rhopoterpe 322 

aequatorialis,  Thamnistes 113 

aethiops,  Thamnophilus 80 

affinis,  Dysithamnus 118 

affinis,  Myrmeciza 269 

affinis,  Thamnistes 131 

affinis,  Thamnophilus 72,173 

Agathopus 10 

Alapi,  Turdus 274 

albicans,  Thamnophilus 70 

albicollis,  Pteroptochos 6 

albicollis,  Scelorchilus 6 

albicollis,  Thamnophilus 271 

albicrissus,  Thamnophilus 49 

albifrons,  Pipra 296 

albifrons,  Pithys 296 

albifrons,  Pteroptochos 18 

albigula,  Grallaria 345 

albigula,  Myrmotherula 151 

albiloris,  Grallaria 348 

albinuchalis,  Thamnophilus 58 

albiventer,  Thamnophilus 47 

albiventris,  Heterocnemis 254 

albiventris,  Malacorhynchus 22 

albiventris,  Myrmeciza 259 

albiventris,  Ramphocsenus 207 

albiventris,  Thamnophilus 94 

albogularis,  Scytalopus 22 

albonotatus,  Thamnophilus 101 

alixi,  Clytoctantes in 

alleni,  Grallaria 341 

alticincta,  Formiciyora 186 

alticincta,  Neorhopias 186 

alticola,  Grallaria 343 

alveolus,  Lanius 97 

amazonica,  Myrmotherula 147 

amazonicus,  Formicarius 279 

amazonicus,  Thamnophilus 98 

amazonum,  Ramphocaenus 208 

ambiguus,  Thamnophilus 97 

ambulator,  Hylocentrites 34 

anabatinus,  Thamnistes 112 

analis,  Formicarius 282 

analis,  Mer  [ulaxis] 24 

analis,  Myothera 282 

andicola,  Grallaria 35° 


andicolus,  Hypsibemon 350 

andrei,  Dysithamnus 117 

angustirostris,  Conopophaga 233 

angustiro stris,  Myrmoborus 233 

anomalus,  Ceraphanes 31 

Anoplops 298 

antholdes,  Corythopis 37 

anthoides,  Musicapa 37 

appro  ximans,  Cercomacra 220 

approximans,  Taraba 48 

araguayae,  Myrmelastes 61 

araguayae,  Sakesphorus 61 

araucanus,  Malacorhamphus 24 

ardesiaca,  Conopophaga 29 

ardesiaca,  Myiothera 232 

ardesiaca,  Rhopornis 232 

ardesiacus,  Dysithamnus 125 

Arechavaletae,  Formicivora 200 

argentata,  Sclateria 254 

argentatus,  Herpsilochmus 254 

argent  if  rons,  Scytalopus 14 

argentina,  Batara 42 

argentina,  Melanopareia 168 

argentina,  Synallaxis 168 

argentinus,   Rhopochares 107 

aripoensis,  Grallaria 338 

aroyae,  Dysithamnus 89 

aroyae,  Thamnophilus 89 

aspersiv  enter,  Thamnophilus.  ...   105 

assimilis,  Myrmotherula 165 

atacamae,  Scelorchilus 7 

ater,  Merulaxis 9 

aterrimus,  Tamnophilus 228 

atra,  Drymophila 227 

atra,  Pyriglena 227 

atratus,  Scytalopus 15 

atricapilla,  Myrmothera 250 

atricapillus,  Herpsilochmus 171 

atricapillus,  Tyrannus 53 

atrinucha,  Thamnophilus 90 

atrocapillus,  Thamnophilus 92 

atrogularis,  Cercomacra 222 

atrogularis,  Myrmotherula 145 

atropileus,  Thamnophilus 107 

atrothorax,  Myrmoderus 273 

attothorax,  Formicarius 273 

auratus,  Thamnophilus 101 

aurita,  Conopophaga 26 

auritus,  Turdus 26 

australis,  Myrmotherula 138 

avilae,  Grallaria 346 

axillaris,  Herpsilochmus 177 

axillaris,  Myrmothera 149 

axillaris,  Myrmotherula 149 

axillaris,  Thamnophilus 177 


359 


360 


INDEX 


badius,  Thamnpphilus 76 

bahiae,  Formicivora 191 

bangsi,  Grallaria 346 

barbacoae,  Grallaria 351 

barbacoae,  Hylopezus 351 

baroni,  Thamnophilus 59 

Batara 41 

behni,  Myrmotherula 160 

berlepschi,  Anoplops 305 

berlepschi,  Grallaria 352,356 

berlepschi,  Hypocnemis 235 

berlepschi,  Myrmeciza 269 

berlepschi,  Myrmoborus 235 

berlepschi,  Myrmotherula 164 

berlepschi,  Pyriglena 224 

berlepschi,  Rhegmatorhina 305 

berlepschi,  Sipia 224 

berlepschi,  Thamnophilus 74 

bernardi,  Sakesphorus 58 

bernardi,  Tamnophilus 58 

Biatas 61 

Biastes 61 

bicolor,  Formicivora 182 

bicolor,  Gymnopithys 303 

bicolor,  Microrhopias 182 

bicolor,  Pithys 303 

bicolor,  Thamnophilus 48 

bitorquata,  Melanopareia 167 

bitorquata,   Synallaxis 167 

bogotensis,  Chamaeza -. . .  293 

boliviana,  Chamaeza 292 

boliviana,  Grallaricula 326 

boliviana,  Myrmotherula 163 

bolivianus,  Scytalopus 17 

borbae,  Phlegopsis 319 

borbae,  Taraba 49 

borbae,  Thamnophilus 49 

boucardi,  Formicivora 180 

boucardi,  Microrhopias 180 

boucardi,  Myrmeciza 260 

bowmani,  Phlegopsis 317 

bowmani,  Phlogopsis 317 

brachyura,  Muscicapa 133 

brachyura,  Myrmotherula 133 

Brachyurus 25 

brasiliana,  Cercomacra 215 

brevicauda,  Chamaeza 290 

brevicauda,  Formicivora 160 

brevicauda,  Formucarius 33 1 

brevicaudus,  Turdus 290 

brevirostris,  Thamnophilus 44 

brevis,  Grallaricula 327 

bricenoi,  Thamnophilus 66 

bridgesi,  Thamnophilus 77 

browni,  Conopophaga 328 

brunneinucha,  Conopophaga 30 

brunneus,  Hylophilus 153 

cachabiensis,  Thamnophilus 225 

caerulescens,  Myrmothera 312 

caerulescens,  Thamnophilus roo 

caesia,  Muscicapa 129 


caesius,  Lanius 129,250 

caesius,  Thamnomanes 129 

cajamarcae,  Hypolophus 58 

cajamarcae,  Sakesphorus 58 

calcarata,  Myiothera 34 

callinota,  Formicivora 202 

callinota,  Terenura 202 

Calobamon 323 

camopiensis,  Thamnophilus 60 

campanella,  Turdus 239 

campanisona,  Myiothera 291 

campanisona,  Mymornis 331 

campanisona,  Myrmothera 331 

canadensis,  Lanius 52 

canadensis,  Sakesphorus 52 

cano-fumosus,  Formicivora 188 

cantatar,  Formicarius 239 

cantator,  Hypocnemis 239 

canus,  Scytalopus 14 

capistratus,  Thamnophilus 70 

capitalis,  Thamnophilus 84 

capnitis,  Hylophylax 308 

capnitis,  Hypocnemis 308 

caquetae,  Grallaria 352 

caquetae,  Hylopezus 352 

caracae,  Scytalopus 19 

carbonaria,  Cercomacra 233 

carmelitae,  Grallaria 337 

carrikeri,  Formicarius 289 

cassini,  Myrmeciza 263 

cassini,  Myrmelastes 263 

castanea,  Grallaria 345 

castaneiceps,  Conopophaga 29 

castaneiceps,  Formicarius 289 

castaneus,  Pteroptochos 4 

castanoptera,  Pyriglena 231 

catus,  Thamnophilus 64 

caudata,  Drymophila 197 

caudata,  Formicivora 197 

caurensis,  Sclateria 258 

cayanensis,  Formicarius 280 

cearae,  Conopophaga 32 

cearensis,  Erionotus 102 

cearensis,  Thamnophilus 102 

Ceraphanes 25 

Cercomacra 213 

ceterus,  Myrmelastes 248 

Chamaebates 333 

Chamaeza 290 

Chamaezpsa 290 

chapmani,  Formicivora 193 

cherriei,  Myrmotherula 137 

chilensis,  Malacorhynchus 24 

chionogaster,  Chamaeza 295 

chiroleuca,  Gymnocichla 249 

chocoanus,  Phaenostictus 320 

chocoensis,  Conopophaga 30 

chocoensis,  Grallaria 336 

cincta,  Dichrozona 165 

cinctus,  Cyphorhinus 165 

cinerascens,  Cercomacra 213 

cinerascens,  Formicivora 213 


INDEX 


361 


cinerea,  Batara 41 

cinerea,  Myiothera 141 

cinereiceps,  Grallaria 340 

cinereiceps,  Thamnophilus 98 

cinereinucha,  Thamnophilus 93 

cinereiventris,  Microbates 212 

cinereiventris,  Myrmotherula . ...  161 

cinereiventris,  Rhamphocaenus  .  .  212 

cinereoniger,  Thamnophilus 79 

cinereus,  Tamnophilus 41 

cinnamomeus,  Thamnophilus ....  48 

cinnamomeus,  Turdus 271 

cirrhatus,  Turdus 53 

Clytoctantes in 

cochabambae,  Rhopochares 107 

cochabambae,  Thamnophilus  ....  107 

collaris,  Microbates 211 

collaris,  Rhamphocaenus 211 

collinsi,  Hyppcnemis 243 

colma,  Formicarius 280 

columbiana,  Chamaeza 293 

connectens,  Formicarius 284 

connectens,  Grallaria 347 

connectens,  Thamnophilus 104 

Conopophaga 25 

consobrina,  Formicivora 180 

consobrina,  Hylophylax 309 

consobrina,  Microrhopias 180 

corniculatus,  Platyurus 10 

coronatus,  Thamnistes 112 

corvinus,  Myrmelastes 248 

corvinus,  Thamnophilus 266 

Corythopis 34 

costaricensis,  Grallaricula 327 

crepera,  Cercomacra 216 

crissalis,  Formicarius 283 

crissalis,  Myrmornis 283 

cristata,  Pithys 306 

cristata,  Rhegmatorhina 306 

cristatellus,  Malacorhynchus 10 

cristatellus,  Thamnophilus 42 

cristatus,  Sakesphorus 57 

cristatus,  Thamnophilus 57 

cryptoleuca,  Myrmeciza 265 

cryptoleucus,  Myrmelastes 265 

cucullata,  Conopophaga 330 

cucullata,  Grallaricula 330 

cumanensis,  Grallaricula 329 

cumbreanus,  Dysithamnus 116 

Cvmbilaimus 37 

daguae,  Gymnopithys 302 

Dasyptilops 296 

dearborni,  Thamnophilus 66 

debilis,  Thamnophilus 50 

delalandi,  Corythopis 34 

delalandi,  Muscicapa 34 

deluzae,  Formicivora 189 

deluzae,  Neorhopias 189 

Dendrooecia 171 

destructus,  Formicarius 288 

devillei,  Drymophila 197 


devillei,  Formicivora 197 

Diallactes 45 

diaphora,  Sclateria 253 

Dichropogon 307 

Dichrozona 165 

difficilis,  Thamnophilus 68 

dignissima,  Grallaria 33 1 

dignissima,  Thamnocharis 331 

diluta,  Grallaria 356 

dinellii,  Thamnophilus 103 

dives,  Grallaria 351 

doliatus,  Lanius 62 

doliatus,  Thamnophilus 62 

domicella,  Lanius 225 

dorsalis,  Conopophagai 33 

dorsimaculatus,  Herpslochmus. . .   175 

Drymophila 194 

dubius,  Dysithamnus 87 

duidae,  Hylophylax 313 

Dysithamnus 114 

elaopteryx,  Terenura 204 

elegans,  Hypocnemis 236 

elegans,  Melanopareia 169 

elegans,  Synallaxis 169 

ElUpura 194 

ellisiana,  Pyriglena 269 

emiliae,  Dysithamnus 115 

emiliae,  Microrhopias 183 

Erionotus 62 

erithacus,  Liosceles 9 

erratilis,  Gymnocichla 249 

erythrocerca,  Formicivora 196 

erythroleuca,  Grallaria 344 

erythronotos,  Formicivora 147 

erythronotos,  Myrmotherula 147 

erythronotus,  Phyllobates 202 

erythrophrys,  Pithys 233 

erythroptera,  Dendrooecia 178 

erythroptera,  Phlegopsis 318 

erythropterus,  Formicarius 318 

erythrotis,  Grallaria 344 

erythrura,  Myrmotherula 147 

excelsa,  Grallaria 334 

exiguus,  Herpsilochmus 179 

exsul,  Myrmeciza 262 

extremus,  Dysithamnus 122 

fasciatus,  Cymbilaimus 39 

fasciatus,  Cymbilanius 39 

fasciatus,  Thamnophilus 75 

feminina,  Hypocnemis 235 

femininus,  Myrmoborus 235 

femoralis,  Pteroptochus 16 

f  emoralis,  Scytalopus 16 

ferruginatus,  Lanius 62 

ferruginea,  Drymophila 195 

ferruginea,  Myothera 195 

ferruginea,  Myrmeciza 248 

ferrugineipectus,  Grallaria 327 

ferrugineipectus,  Grallaricula  ....  327 

ferrugineus,  Lanius 62 

ferruginous,  Myrmoderus 271 


362 


INDEX 


f  errugineus,  Thamnophilus 97 

ferrugineus,  Turdus 271 

flammata,  Holocnemis 252 

flavescens,  Formicivora 242 

flavescens,  Hypocnemis 242 

flavescens,  Thamnophilus 1 15 

flavirostris,  Grallaria 325 

flavirostris,  Grallaricula 325 

fiavotincta,  Grallaria 343 

flemmingi,  Dysithamnus 124 

Formicarius 278 

Formicivora 183 

formicivorus,  Turdus 322 

fortis,  Myrmeciza 267 

fortis,  Percnostola 267 

f  rater,  Herpsilochmus 178 

fraterculus,  Thamnophilus 63 

Frederickena 45 

fuliginosa,  Myiothera 149 

fuliginosum,  Conirostrum 1 1 

fuliginosus,  Thamnophilus 45 

fuliginosus,  Tamnophilus 86 

fulva,  Rhinocrypta 8 

fulvescens,  Chamaeza 293 

fulviventris,  Grallaria 352 

fulviventris,  Myrmptherula 144 

fumosa,  Microrhopias 187 

fumosa,  Neorhopias 187 

funebris,  Lanius 43,250 

fusca,  Grallaria 339 

fusca,  Rhinocrypta 8 

fuscicapilla,  Myrmothera 283 

f uscicauda,  Scytalopus 21 

fuscoides,  Meiulaxis u 

fuscus,  Scytalopus 10 

f uscus,  Teledromas 8 

garbei,  Myrmotherula 159 

genei,  Drymophila 195 

genei,  Formicivora 195 

gigantea,  Grallaria 335 

gigas,  Thamnophilus 42 

gilvigaster,  Thamnophilus 102 

gladiator,  Thryothorus 205 

glaucopectus,  Formicarius 280 

glaucus,  Thamnomanes 131 

goeldii,  Myrmeciza 266 

goeldii,  Myrmelastes 266 

gorgonae,  Thamnophilus 89 

Grallaria 333 

Grallaricula 325 

grallarius,  Turdus 339 

granadensis,  Diallactes 51 

granadensis,  Taraba 51 

grandior,  Thamnophilus 84 

grandis,  Scytalopus 12 

grieseus,  Turdus 184 

grisea,  Neorhopias 184 

griseiceps,  Myrmoderus 276 

griseicollis,  Merulaxis 20 

griseicollis,  Scytalopus 20 

griseipectus,  Myrmeciza 260 


griseiventris,  Hylophylax 314 

griseiventris,  Pithys 314 

griseodorsalis,  Ramphocaenus  ...  210 

griseonucha,  Grallaria 348 

guatimalensis,   Grallaria 336 

guayabambae,  Myrmotherula  ...  145 

gularis,  Brachyurus 33 

gularis,  Myrmotherula 141 

gularis,  Thamnophilus 141 

guttata,  Myrmotherula 139 

guttata,  Rhopothera 311 

guttatus,  Hypoedaleus 40 

guttatus,  Leptorhynchus 204 

guttatus,  Psilorhamphus 204 

guttatus,  Thamnophilus 40 

guttulatus,  Lanius 114 

gutturalis,  Conopophaga 30 

gutturalis,  Myrmotherula 142 

Gymnocichla 247 

Gymnopithys 298 

gymnops,  Rhegmatorhina 305 

haematonota,  Formicivora 146 

haematonota,  Myrmotherula  ....  146 

haplonota,  Grallaria 338 

harterti,  Pittasoma 325 

hauxwelli,  Formicivora 140 

hauxwelli,  Myrmotherula 140 

hellmayri,  Drymophila 199 

hellmayri,  Dysithamnus 85 

hellmayri,  Myrmotherula 141 

hellmayri,  Pyriglena 229 

hellmayri,  Thamnophilus 85 

hemileuca,  Hypocnemis 247 

hemileucus,  Myrmochanes 247 

hemimelaena,  Myrmeciza 277 

hemimelaenus,  Myrmoderus  ....  277 

Herpsilochmus 171 

heterocercus,  Thamnophilus 96 

Heterocnemis 252 

heterogynus,  Dysithamnus 86 

heterogynus,  Thamnophilus 86 

heteroleucus,  Thamnophilus 65 

hoffmanni,  Formicarius 286 

hoffmanni,  Myrmornis 286 

hofTmannsi,  Anoplops 306 

hoffmannsi,  Myrmotherula 146 

hoffmannsi,  Rhegmatorhina 306 

hoffmannsi,  Thamnomanes 129 

hollandi,  Thamnophilus 52 

Holocnemis 252 

hondae,  Microrhopias 186 

hondae,  Neorhopias 186 

huallagae,  Cercomacra 116 

huberi,  Thamnophilus 79 

humaythae,  Sclateria 257 

humeralis,  Terenura 202 

humilis,  Hypocnemis . 242 

humivagans,  Corythopis 35 

Hylactes 3 

Hylocentrites 34 

hylonympha,  Pteroptochos 5 


INDEX 


363 


Hylopezus 334 

Hylophylax 307 

hyperythra,  Myrmeciza 264 

hyperythrus,  Thamnophilus 264 

Hypocnemis 239 

Hypocnemoides 244 

Hypoedaleus 40 

hypoleuca,  Grallaria 344 

hypoleuca,  Heterocnemis 235 

hypoleucus,  Myrmochanes 247 

Hypolophus 52 

hypomelaena,  Cercomacra 222 

hypoxantha,  Hypocnemis 243 

Hypsibemon 333 

iheringi,  Formicivora 184 

iheringi,  Myrmotherula 158 

iheringi,  Neorhopias 184 

iliaca,  Microrhopias 191 

immaculata,  Cercomacra 214 

immaculata,  Myrmeciza 263 

immaculata,  Myrmeciza 268 

immaculatus,  Thamnophilus 268 

imperator,  Grallaria 340 

incertus,  Thamnophilus 83 

indigotica,  Myiothera 22 

indigoticus,  Scytalopus 22 

infasciatus,  Scytalopus 20 

infuscata,  Acropternis 25 

inornata,  Myrmotherula 160 

inornatus,  Thamnophilus 87 

insignis,  Thamnophilus 100 

intercedens,  Grallaria 340 

interior,  Myrmopagis 154 

interior,  Myrmotherula 154 

intermedia,  Formicivora 187 

intermedia,  Grallaria 353 

intermedia,  Myrmeciza 263 

intermedia,  Neorhopias 187 

intermedius,  Cymbilaimus 38 

intermedius,  Cymbilanius 38 

intermedius,  Formicarius 287 

intermedius,  Hypolophus 55 

intermedius,  Thamnistes 113 

intermedius,  Thamnophilus 72 

interpositus,  Thamnophilus 94 

janii,  Thamnophilus 92 

juninensis,  Rhopias 143 

juruana,  Drymophila 278 

juruana,  Myrmotherula 163 

juruanus,  Thamnophilus 82 

kapouni,  Thamnophilus 81 

kermiti,  Myrmotherula 134 

klagesi,  Drymophila 199 

kukenamensis,  Grallaricula 329 

kulczynskii,  Myrmelastes 79 

kulczynskii,  Thamnophilus 79 

laemosticta,  Myrmeciza 261 

laeta,  Cercomacra 219 

Lafresnayanus,  Tamnophilus 149 

Lahilleanus,  Thamnophilus 45 


lanceolata,  Rhinocrypta 7 

lanceolata,  Rhinomya 7 

latebricola,  Scytalopus 19 

lateralis,  Dysithamnus 116 

latrans,  Scytalopus 1 1 

lawrencii,  Myrmelastes 248 

leachii,  Mackenziaena 43 

leachii,  Thamnophilus 43 

lepidonota,  Hylophylax 313 

lepidonota,  Hypocnemis 313 

Leptonyx 3 

Leptorhynchus 204 

lepturus,  Platyurus 24 

leucaspis,  Gymnopithys 301 

leucaspis,  Myrmeciza 301 

leucauchen,  Thamnophilus 53 

leucobronchialis,  Dysithamnus. . .  115 

leucogaster,  Thamnophilus 94 

leuconota,  Myothera 227 

leuconota,  Pyriglena 227 

leuconotus,  Thamnophilus. . .  .  226,227 

leucophrys,  Myrmoborus 232 

leucophrys,  Myrmothera 184 

leucophrys,  Pithys 232 

leucophthalma,  Formicivora 142 

leucophthalma,  Myrmotherula.  . .  142 

leucops,  Pithys 297 

leucoptera,  Pyriglena 225 

leucopterus,  Turdus 225 

leucopus,  Drymophila 272 

leucostictus,  Dysithamnus 128 

leucostigma,  Percnostola 256 

leucostigma,  Sclateria 256 

leucotis,  Pipra 26 

lineata,  Conopophaga 31 

lineatus,  Cymbilaimus 38 

lineatus,  Lanius 38 

lineatus,  Myiagrus 31 

lineatus,  Thamnophilus 75 

lineatus,  Turdus 252 

Liosceles 8 

lizanoi,  Grallaria 353 

Lochites 43 

longicauda,  Myrmotherula 138 

longicauda,  Pipra 296 

longicaudus,  Thamnophilus 84 

longipennis,  Myrmotherula 155 

longipes,  Drymophila 258 

longipes,  Myrmeciza 258 

longipes,  Myrmothera 258 

longirostris,  Herpsilochmus 176 

lophotes,  Myrmeciza 270 

lophotes,  Percnostola 270 

loretoyacuensis,  Sakesphorus ....  55 

loretoyacuensis,  Thamnophilus. . .  55 

loricata,  Grallaria 330 

loricata,  Grallaricula 330 

loricata,  Myiothera 272 

loricatus,  Myrmoderus 272 

luctuosa,  Myrmotherula 148 

luctuosus,  Lanius 60 

luctuosus,  Sakesphorus 60 


364 


INDEX 


luctuosus,  Thamnophilus 106 

lugubris,  Myrmoborus 234 

lugubris,  Myrmonax 234 

lunulata,  Gymnopithys 300 

lunulata,  Pithys 300 

lunulatus,  Lanius 45 

macconelli,  Hylopezas 356 

Mackenziaena 43 

macropus,  Leptonyx 5 

macropus,  Scytalopus 12 

macularia,  Grallaria 355 

macularia,  Pitta 355 

maculata,  Formicivora 200 

maculata,  Myiothera 201 

maculata,  Terenura 201 

maculatus,  Lanius 41 

maculatus,  Thamnophilus 41,103 

maculicauda,  Hypocnemis 246 

maculicauda,  Hypocnemoides .  ...  246 

maculicaudis,  Pyriglena 223 

maculifer,  Myrmeciza 264 

maculifer,  Myrmelastes 264 

maculipennis,  Thamnophilus no 

maculosa,  Cercomacra 223 

magdalenae,  Microbates 213 

magellanica,  Motacilla 17 

magellanlcus,  Scytalopus 17 

magnirostris,  Erionotus 90 

magnus,  Thamnophilus 46 

ma  jor,  Taraba 46 

major,  Thamnophilus 46,106 

Malacorhamphus 24 

malura,  Drymophila 199 

malura,  Myothera 199 

Manikup 296 

marcapatae,  Thamnophilus 109 

marcapatensis,  Pyriglena 230 

margaritata,  Myrmeciza in 

margaritatus,  Megastictus in 

margaritensis,  Drymophila 188 

margaritifera,  Hypocnemis 311 

marginata,  Myrmeciza 272 

marginatus,  Myipturdus 291 

martinsi,  Grallaria 357 

maura,  Formicivora 228 

maura,  Pyriglena 228 

maximiliani,  Conopophaga 33 

maximiliani,  Melanopareia 168 

maximiliani,  Synallaxis 168 

maynana,  Myrmeciza 275 

maynanus,  Myrmoderus 275 

mcleannani,  Phaenostictus 320 

McLeannani,  Phlogopsis 320 

medius,  Megalonyx 6 

Megalonyx 3 

megapodius,  Pteroptochos 4 

Megastictus 1 1 1 

melaena,  Formicivora 151 

melaena,  Myrmotherula 151 

melanaria,  Cercomacra 224 

melanaria,  Formicivora 224 

melanchrous,  Thamnophilus 105 


melanocephalus,  Diallactes 267 

melanoceps,  Myrmeciza 266 

melanoceps,  Thamnophilus 266 

melanocrissus,  Thamnophilus ....     52 

melanogaster,  Conopophaga 27 

melanogaster,  Formicivora 190 

melanogaster,  Neorhopias 190 

melanogaster,  Thamnophilus 149 

melanolaema,  Hypocnemis 237 

melanolaema,  Myrmoborus 237 

melanoleuca,  Terenura 247 

melanoleucos,  Myrmothera 135 

melanonotus,  Sakesphorus 59 

melanonotus,  Thamnophilus 59 

Melanopareia 166 

melanopogon,  Hypocnemis 244 

melanopogon,  Hypocnemoides. . . .   244 

melanops,  Conopophaga 32 

melanops,  Platyrhynchos 32 

melanosticta,  Gymnopithys 304 

melanosticta,  Hypocnemis 237 

melanosticta,  Pithys 304 

melano thorax,  Sakesphorus 59 

melanothorax,  Thamnophilus ....     59 

melanura,  Formicivora 274 

melanura,  Hypocnemis 239 

melanura,  Myrmeciza 226 

melanurus,  Myrmoborus 239 

melanurus,  Myrmoderus 274 

melanurus,  Ramphocaenus 205 

melanurus,  Taraba 50 

melanurus,  Thamnophilus 50 

melas,  Lanius 60 

meleager,  Lanius 41 

menetriesii,  Myrmothera 163 

menetriesii,  Myrmotherula 163 

mentalis,  Dysithamnus 114 

mentalis,  Myothera 114 

meridanus,  Scytalopus 19 

Merulaxis 9 

meruloides,  Chamaeza 291 

mexicana,  Grallaria 335 

mexicanus,  Thamnophilus 72 

michleri,  Pittasoma 324 

Microbates 210 

micropterus,  Agathopus 15 

micro pterus,  Scytalopus 15 

Microrhopias 179 

microsticta,  Formicivora 183 

micro  sticta,  Microrhopias 183 

milled,  Grallaria 344 

minor,  Grallaria 332 

minor,  Myrmothera 332 

minor,  Myrmotherula 157 

minor,  Percnostola 251 

minor,  Thamnophilus 43 

minuta,  Myrmotherula 139 

minutus,  Tamnophilus 133 

modesta,  Grallaria 333 

modesta,  Myrmothera 333 

modesta,  Myrmotherula 152 

moestus,  Thamnophilus 60 


INDEX 


365 


mollissima,  Chamaeza 296 

moniliger,  Formicarius 287 

monticola,  Grallaria 342 

motacilloides,  Herpsilochmus.  ...    173 

multistriatus,  Thamnophilus 73 

multo  stria ta,  Myrmotherula 136 

murinus,  Thamnophilus 88 

Myiothera 278 

Myiotrichas 333 

Myioturdus 333 

Myocincla 278 

Myornis 23 

myotherinus,  Myrmoborus 236 

myotherinus,  Thamnophilus 236 

Mynneciza 258 

Myrmelastes 258 

Mynnoborus 232 

Mynnochanes 247 

Myrmoderas 271 

Myrmoderus 271 

Myrmonax 258 

Myrmopagis 133 

Myrmophila 133 

Myrmorchilus 170 

Mynnornis 321 

Mynnothera 331 

Myrmotherium 133 

Myrmotherula 133 

naevia,  Hylophylax 308 

naevia,  Pipra 308 

naevia,  Sclateria 252 

naevia,  Sitta 252 

naevioides,  Conopophaga 307 

naevioides,  Hylophylax 307 

naevius,  Lanius 92 

nana,  Grallaria 328 

nana,  Grallaricula 328 

nanus,  Megalonyx 18 

napensis,  Cercomacra 213 

nemorivaga,  Pteroptochos 6 

Neoctantes in 

Neorhopias 183 

niger,  Neoctantes in 

niger,  Platyurus 10 

niger,  Thamnophilus 44 

niger,  Xenops m 

nigerrimus,  Myrmelastes 267 

nigrescens,  Cercomacra 220 

nigrescens,  Herpsilochmus 174 

nigrescens,  Percnostola 220 

nigrescens,  Thamnophilus 66 

nigricans,  Cercomacra 222 

nigricans,  Thamnophilus 97 

nigricapillus,  Formicarius 288 

nigricauda,  Myrmeciza 262 

nigriceps,  Thamnophilus 76 

nigricollis,  Formicivora 184 

nigricristatus,  Thamnophilus 71 

nigrifrons,  Formicarius 281 

nigrigula,  Hylophylax 3*5 

nigrigula,  Hypocnemis 315 


nigro-cincta,  Conopophaga 34 

nigrocinereus,  Thamnophilus ....  78 

nigrogenys,  Conopophaga 33 

nigro-lineata,  Grallaria 346 

nigro-maculata,  Myothera 316 

nigromaculata,  Phlegopsis 316 

nigro-pectus,  Anabates 61 

nigropectus,  Biatas 61 

nigro-rufa,  Myrmotherula 152 

nobilis,  Chamaeza 294 

notaea,  Hypocnemis 241 

notata,  Phlogopsis 316 

notodelos,  Lanius 226 

nuchalis,  Grallaria 341 

nudiceps,  Gymnocichla 247 

nudiceps,  Myiothera 247 

oberi,  Dysithamnus 117 

obidensis,  Dysithamnus 126 

obscura,  Grallaria 350 

obscura,  Sylvia 18 

obscurus,  Myrmoborus 245 

obsoleta,  Grallaria 342 

occidentals,  Conopophaga 26 

occidentals,  Drymophila 198 

occidentalis,  Myrmeciza 262 

occidentalis,  Thamnophilus 80 

occobambae,  Grallaria 350 

occobambae,  Oropezus 35° 

ochracea,  Hylophylax 310 

ochracea,  Hypocnemis 310 

ochraceiventris,  Grallaria 335 

ochraceiventris,  Grallaricula 326 

ochraceiventris,  Hypocnemis  ....   244 

ochrolaema,  Hypocnemis 238 

ochrolaema,  Myrmoborus 238 

ochroleuca,  Grallaria 357 

ochroleucus,  Myioturdus 357 

ochropyga,  Drymophila 196 

ochropyga,  Formicivora 196 

ochrus,  Thamnophilus 102 

olivacea,  Chamaeza 293 

olivaceus,  Dysithamnus 119 

olivaceus,  Thamnophilus 119 

olivascens,  Grallaricula 329 

olivascens,  Gymnopithys 303 

olivascens,  Pithys 3°3 

orenocensis,  Formicivora 189 

orenocensis,  Neorhopias 189 

orinocensis,  Formicarius 280 

ornata,  Formicivora 145 

ornata,  Myrmotherula 145 

Oropezus 334 

orthonyx,  Acropternis 24 

orthonyx,  Merulaxis   24 

Othello 43 

othello,  Thamnophilus 44 

pacifica,  Myrmotherula 135 

pacifica,  Pyriglena 231 

pacificus,  Phaenostictus 321 

pacificus,  Thamnophilus 72 


366 


INDEX 


palidus,  Anoplops 299 

palikour,  Formicivorus 322 

pallens,  Myrmeciza 277 

pallens,  Myrmoderus 277 

pallescens,  Cercomacra 217 

palliata,  Myrmeciza 261 

palliatus,  Lanius 75 

palliatus,  Thamnophilus 75,226 

pallida,  Conopophaga 27 

pallida,  Gymnopithys 299 

pallida,  Myrmotherula 162 

pallidior,  Grallaria 354 

pallidior,  Hylopezus 354 

pallidus,  Formicarius 287 

pallidus,  Fuinarius 287 

pallidus,  Ramphocaenus 207 

panamensis,  Formicarius 285 

panamensis,  Myrmeciza 259 

panamensis,  Scytalopus 14 

paradoxus,  Triptorhinus. 24 

paradoxus,  Troglodytes 24 

paraensis,  Grallaria 356 

paraensis,  Myrmopagis 157 

paraensis,  Myrmotherula 157 

paraensis,  Phlegopsis 317 

paraguayensis,  Thamnophilus. ...  100 

parambae,  Grallaria 339 

paucalensis,  Synallaxis 169 

pectoralis,  Herpsilochmus 176 

pectoralis,  Thamnophilus 107 

pectoralis,  Turdus 298 

pelzelni,  Myrmeciza 276 

pelzelni,  Myrmoderus 276 

pelzelni,  Thamnophilus 96 

Percnostola 250 

periophthalmica,  Grallaria 355 

persimilis,  Thamnomanes 130 

perspicillata,  Conopophaga 34 

perspicillata,  Grallaria 354 

perspicillata,  Myiothera 34 

peruviana,  Conopophaga 28 

peruviana,  Drymophila 198 

peruviana,  Grallaricula 330 

peruviana,  Hypocnemis 240 

peruviana,  Myrmeciza 267 

peruviana,  Pithys 297 

peruvianus,  Microbates 212 

Phaenostictus 319 

phainoleucus,  Hypolpphus 57 

phantatis,  Drymophila 197 

Phlegopsis 316 

Phlogopsis 316 

Phyllobates 201 

picea,  Pyriglena 230 

Picrotes 43 

pileata,  Myiothera 171 

pileatus,  Herpsilochmus 171 

pileatus,  Lanius 53 

Pithys 296 

Pittasoma 323 

piurae,  Sakesphorus 58 

piurae,  Thamnophilus 58 


plumbea,  Myiothera 127 

plumbeus,  Dysithamnus 127 

plumbeus,  Myrmelastes 265 

poecilinota,  Hylophylax 312 

poecilinota,  Hypocnemis 312 

poeciloptera,  Myiothera 139 

poecilurus,  Lanius 57 

poliocephala,  Myiothera 115 

Poh'olaema 133 

polionotus,  Thamnophilus 81 

princeps,  Grallaria 336 

przewalskii,  Grallaria 345 

Pseudoconopophaga 25 

Psilorhamphus 204 

Pteroptochos 3 

pulchellus,  Hypolophus 56 

pulchellus,  Sakesphorus 56 

punctatus,  Lanius 92 

punctatus,   Thamnophilus 77,92 

puncticeps,  Dysithamnus 123 

puncticeps,  Herpsilochmus 177 

puncticeps,  Thamnophilus 76 

punctulata,  Hylophylax 311 

punctulata,  Rhopotera 311 

punctuliger,  Thamnophilus 82 

punensis,  Grallaria 351 

purusianus,  Gymnopithys 304 

purusianus,  Thamnomanes 132 

pusilla,  Myiothera 135.155 

Pygiptila no 

pygmaea,  Muscicapa 133 

Pygoptila no 

Pyriglena 225 

pyrrhonota,  Myrmotherula 147 

quadrivittata,  Formicivora 135 

quitensis,  Grallaria 342 

quixensis,  Microrhopias 181 

quixensis,  Thamnophilus 181 

radiatus,  Thamnophilus 69 

Ramphocaenus 205 

rara,  Grallaricula 328 

lectirostris,  Troglodytes 205 

regulus,  Grallaria 337 

rex,  Turdus 339 

Rhegmatorhina 305 

Rhinocrypta 7 

Rhinomya 7 

Rhinornis 7 

Rhopias 133 

Rhopochares 62 

Rhopocichla 232 

Rhoporchilus 166 

Rhopornis 232 

Rhopotera 322 

Rhopoterpe 322 

rhynolopha,  Myiothera 9 

richmondi,  Drymophila 196 

roberti,  Conopophaga 28 

rodriguezianus,  Thamnophilus.. .  .  41 

rohdei,  Thamnophilus 46 


INDEX 


367 


roraimae,  Grallaria 338 

roraimae,  Herpsilochmus 175 

rosenbergi,  Cercomacra 225 

rosenbergi,  Pittasoma 325 

rosenbergi,  Sipia 225 

rubecula,  Scelorchilus 5 

ruber,  Brachyurus 33 

rubiginosus,  Lanius 62 

rubricollis,  Formicivora 195 

rufa,  Myiothera 192 

rufa,  Neorhopias 192 

rufater,  Tamnophilus 193 

rufatra,  Neorhopias 193 

rufescens,  Melanopareia 167 

nifescens,  Thamnistes 113 

ruf  icapilla,  Grallaria 347 

ruficapillus,  Thamnophilus 108 

ruficauda,  Cercomacra 276 

nificauda,  Chamaeza 294 

ruficauda,  Chamaezosa 294 

ruficauda,  Drymophila 272 

ruficauda,  Formicivora 278 

ruficauda,  Myiothera 272 

ruficauda,  Myrmoderus 272 

ruficeps,  Conopophaga 34 

ruficeps,  Formicarius 278 

ruficeps,  Grallaria 341 

ruficeps,  Gymnopithys 302 

ruficeps,  Lanius 70 

ruficeps,  Megalonyx 4 

ruficeps,  Myothera 278 

ruficeps,  Thamnophilus 43 

ruficollis,  Thamnophilus 99 

rufifrons,  Percnostola 250 

rufif rons,  Turdus 250 

rufigula,  Gymnopithys 298 

rufigula,  Turdus 298 

rufigularis,  Megalonyx 5 

rufigularis,  Pithys 298 

rufimarginata,  Myothera 178 

rufimarginatus,  Herpsilochmus. . .  178 

rufipectus,  Formicarius 289 

rufiventer,  Thamnophilus 181 

rufiventris,  Cercomacra 216 

rufiventris,  Chamaebates. . .  .. 341 

rufiventris,  Disythamnus 216 

rufiventris,  Ramphocaenus 209 

rufiventris,  Scolopacinus 209 

rufo-cinerea,  Grallaria 342 

rufogularis,  Megalonyx 5 

rufopileatum,  Pittasoma 324 

rufula,  Grallaria 349 

rufus,  Megalonyx 4 

rufus,  Tamnophilus 41 

rufus,  Turdus 250 

rusbyi,  Conopophaga 28 

rutilus,  Merulaxis 9 

Sakesphorus 52 

salmoni,  Rhopias 144 

salvini,  Gymnopithys 300 

salvini,  Pithys 300 


sanctae-martae,  Gymnocichla. . . .  248 

sanctae-martae,  Myrmotherula. . .  153 

sanctae-martae,  Scytalopus 15 

sanctae-marthae,  Ramphocaenus.  209 

sarayacuensis,  Corythopis 36 

Sarochalinus 9 

saturata,  Conopophaga 29 

saturata,  Grallaria 349 

saturata,  Heterocnemis 257 

saturata,  Myrmopagis 145 

saturata,  Myrmotherula 145 

saturata,  Phlegopsis 319 

saturata,  Sclateria 257 

saturatior,  Cercomacra 218 

saturatus,  Formicarius 284 

saturatus,  Phaenostictus 319 

saturatus,  Thamnistes 112 

saturninus,  Dysithamnus 126 

saturninus,  Thamnophilus 126 

scalaris,  Thamnophilus 107 

scapularis,  Myiothera 178 

Scelorchilus 5 

schistacea,  Hypocnemis 254 

schistacea,  Myrmeciza 258 

schistacea,  Sclateria 254 

schistaceus,  Thamnophilus 86 

schisticolor,  Formicivora 152 

schisticolor,  Myrmotherula 152 

schistogynus,  Thamnomanes 132 

sclateri,  Cercomacra 214 

sclateri,  Myrmotherula 134 

Sclateria 252 

Scolopacinus 205 

Scytalopus 10 

semicinereus,  Dysithamnus 120 

semifasciatus,  Diallactes 48 

semifasciatus,  Taraba 48 

semitorquatus,  Microbates 211 

semitorquatus,  Ramphocaenus  ...  211 

senilis,  Merulaxis 23 

senilis,  Myornis 23 

septentrionalis,  Dysithamnus. ...  123 

serva,  Cercomacra 221 

serva,  Pyriglena 221 

severa,  Mackenziaena 44 

severus,  Lanius 44 

sharpei,  Terenura 203 

Silvestrius 114 

simonsi,  Scytalopus 22 

simplex,  Grallaria 333 

simplex,  Heterocnemis 257 

simplex,  Myrmothera 333 

simplex,  Thamnophilus 83 

Sipia 224 

snethlageae,  Conopophaga 27 

sororia,  Grallaria 337 

sororia,  Hypocnemis 238 

sororia,  Myrmotherula 143 

sororius,  Myrmoborus 238 

spatiator,  Grallaria 349 

speciosa,  Formicivora 169 

speluncae,  Malacorhynchus 13 


368 


INDEX 


speluncae,  Scytalopus 13 

spodiogastra,  Myrmeciza 277 

spodiogaster,  Myrmoderus 277 

spodionota,  Myrmotherula 143 

spodionotus,  Dysithamnus 118 

spodioptila,  Terenura 203 

squamata,  Drymophila 200 

squamata,  Myiothera 200 

squamiger,  Merulaxis 20 

squamigera,  Grallaria 334 

squamosa,  Myrmeciza 273 

squamosus,  Dysithamnus 88 

squamosus,  Myrmoderus 273 

stagurus,  Lanius 47 

stagurus,  Taraba. 47 

stellaris,  Pygiptila no 

stellaris,  Thamnophilus no 

stellata,  Hypocnemis 165 

stictocephalus,  Thamnophilus ....  96 

stictocorypha,  Drymophila 200 

stictocorypha,  Formicivora 200 

Stictomyrmornis 307 

stictoptera,  Myrmeciza 261 

stictoptera,  Myrmornis 323 

stictoptera,  Rhopoterpe 323 

stictothorax,  Dysithamnus. 114 

sticturus,  Herpsilochmus 173 

sticturus,  Ramphocaenus 208 

sticturus,  Thamnophilus 95 

Stipituropsis 194 

striata,  Vanga 42 

striaticeps,  Drymophila 198 

striaticeps,  Dysithamnus 124 

striativentris,  Hypocnemis 22 

striatus,  Thamnophilus 239 

strictothorax,  Myothera 114 

strigilata,  Myiothera 170,  291 

strigilatus,  Myrmorchilus 1 70 

striolatus,  Leptorhynchus 201 

subandinus,  Thamnophilus 106 

subcinereus,  Erionotus 91 

subcinereus,  Thamnophilus 91 

subcristata,  Percnostola 251 

subfasciatus,  Thamnophilus 109 

subflava,  Hypocnemis 243 

subochracea,  Drymophila 197 

subplumbea,  Sclateria 256 

subplumbeus,  Dysithamnus 256 

subradiatus,  Thamnophilus 67 

subsimilis,  Hylophylax 308 

subspeciosa,  Synallaxis 169 

suffusus,  Dysithamnus 122 

superciliaris,  Myiothera 184 

superciliaris,  Scytalopus 23 

surinamensis,  Hypocnemis 312 

surinamensis,  Lanius 62 

surinamensis,  Myrmotherula.  .  . .  135 

surinamensis,  Sitta 135 

suspicax,  Myrmorchilus 170 

swainsoni,  Myrmeciza 259 

Swainsonii,  Thamnophilus 44 

sylvestris,  Scytalopus 16 


taczanowskii,  Grallaria 347 

tambillanus,  Dysithamnus 120 

tamiesoni,  Formicarius 280 

Taraba 45 

tarnii,  Hylactes 3 

tarnli,  Pteroptochos 3 

Teledromas 8 

tenuepunctatus,  Thamnophilus ...  73 

tenuifasciatus,  Thamnophilus. ...  74 

tephrogaster,  Thamnophilus 102 

Terenura 201 

tetema,  Myrmothera 280 

Thamnarchus 41 

Thamnistes 112 

Thamnocharis 331 

Thamnomanes 129 

thamnophiloides,  Myiothera 236 

Thamnophilus 62 

Theresae,  Conopophaga 309 

theresae,  Hylophylax 309 

thoracicus,  Formicarius 290 

thoracicus,  Liosceles 8 

thoracicus,  Pteroptochus 8 

tinniens,  Turdus 331 

tintinnabulatus,  Turdus 239 

tobagensis,  Formicivora 189 

tobagensis,  Neorhopias 189 

tobagensis,  Thamnophilus 65 

toddi,  Sclateria 253 

torquata,  Corythopis 35 

torquata,  Melanopareia 166 

torquata,  Myrmornis 322 

torquata,  Synallaxis 166 

torquatus,  Formicarius 322 

torquatus,  Microbates 211 

torquatus,  Thamnophilus 106 

torrida,  Conopophaga 29 

tragicus,  Rhopoterpe 322 

transandeanus,  Taraba 51 

transandeanus,  Thamnophilus 51 

trifasciata,  Drymophila 226 

trinitatis,  Ramphocaenus 206 

trinitatis,  Sakesphorus 53 

trinitatis,  Sclateria 252 

trinitatis,  Thamnophilus 53 

Triptorhinus 24 

tristis,  Thamnophilus 81 

trivittatus,  Formicarius 318 

tschudii,  Thamnophilus 80 

tshororo,  Chamaeza 291 

tucuyensis,  Dysithamnus 128 

turdina,  Chamaeza 295 

turdina,  Chamaezosa 295 

tyrannina,  Cercomacra 217 

tyrannina,  Pyriglena 217 

umbrosus,  Formicarius 286 

undulatus,  Lanius 42 

undulatus,  Scytalopus 22 

unduliger,  Mackenziaena 44 

unduliger,  Thamnophilus 44 

unicolor,  Dysithamnus 83 


INDEX 


369 


unicolor,  Myrmothera 159 

unicolor,  Myrmotherula 159 

unicolor,  Scytalopus 13 

unicolor,  Thamnophilus 83 

urosticta,  Formicivora 161 

urosticta,  Myrmotherula 160 

Urotomus 322 

varia,  Grallaria 339 

variegata,  Drymophila 195 

variegata,  Myiothera 178 

variegaticeps,  Thamnophilus 68 

varius,  Fprmicarius 339 

vavasouri,  Myrmophila 155 

vegeta,  Grallaricula 327 

venezuelana,  Chamaeza 292 

ventralis,  Thamnophilus 101 

vestitus,  Lanius 76 

vidua,  Hylophylax 315 

vidua,  Hypocnemis 315 

viduata,  Myrmotherula 144 

vigorsii,  Thamnophilus 42 

virescens,  Formicarius 285 

virgata,  Formicivora 180 


virgata,  Microrhopias 180 

virgatus,  Thamnophilus 77 

virgultorum,  Taraba 47 

viridis,  Frederickena 45 

viridis,  Thamnophilus 45 

vittata,  Myrmothera 239 

vulgaris,  Conopophaga 31 

watkinsi,  Grallaria 348 

xanthonota,  Terenura. 203 

xanthopterus,  Dasythamnus 124 

xanthopterus,  Dysithamnus 124 

Yarrellii,  Myiothera 272 

yucatanensis,  Thamnophilus 73 

zamorae,  Formicarius 284 

zarumae,  Grallaricula 326 

zarumae,  Thamnophilus 71 

zeledoni,  Myrmeciza 270 

zeledoni,  Pittasoma 324 

zononota,  Dichrozona 166 

zonota,  Dichrozona 166 


THE  LJBAARY  OF  THE 

FEB171938 

§F 


